Download to read offline
Uploaded byAAFREEN SHAIKH
Solutions - formula sheet.pdf 12TH IMPORTANT FORMULA SHEET CHAP 3 CHEMISTRY
The document summarizes key concepts in chemistry related to concentration measurements and colligative properties, including volume percentage, mass by volume percentage, mole fraction, and molality. It also explains important laws such as Henry's law and Raoult's law, alongside formulas for calculating osmotic pressure, depression of freezing point, and elevation of boiling point. Additionally, it introduces the Van't Hoff factor to address association and dissociation of solutes.
More Related Content
Similar to Solutions - formula sheet.pdf 12TH IMPORTANT FORMULA SHEET CHAP 3 CHEMISTRY
Solutions - formula sheet.pdf 12TH IMPORTANT FORMULA SHEET CHAP 3 CHEMISTRY
- 1. CHEMISTRY F sh t Class12th Designed by AAFREEN SHAIKH
- 2. Volume percentage(V/V) 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆 Volume % = 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 × 100 Mass by volume percentage (w/v) 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆 Mass by volume % = 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 × 100 Parts Per Million (ppm) 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆 ppm = 𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 × 106 Mole fraction 𝒏𝒐.𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆 χ = 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒐.𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 Mass Percentage (w/w) 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆 Mass % = 𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 × 100
- 3. Total pressure (P)= PA + PB = P° A XA + P° B XB Henry’s law P = KHX P = Partial pressure KH = Henry's law constant x = mole fraction of the gas Molality (m) m = 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 ൫𝒌𝒈൯ Raoult’s law Molarity (M) M = 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ሺ𝑳ሻ P = PA = P° A XA 𝑷°𝑨 − 𝑷 𝑷°𝑨 = 𝑿 PA = partial vapour pressure of A PB = partial vapour pressure of B P°A = Vapour pressure of pure A P°B = Vapour pressure of pure B
- 4. Depression offreezing point ΔTf = Kf m Kb = ebulliscopic constant Kf = cryoscopic constant C = Molarity R = rate constant T = temperature Osmotic pressure (π) π = CRT Van’t Hoff factor (i) 𝑶𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒆𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒚 i = 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒚 i = 𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 i = 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏/𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒃𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏/𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 Modified form of Colligative properties 1 2 𝑷°𝑨 ΔTb = 𝒊 Kb m 𝑷°𝑨− 𝑷 = 𝒊 𝑿 PA = partial vapour pressure of A PB = partial vapour pressure of B P°A = Vapour pressure of pure A P°B = Vapour pressure of pure B Elevation of boiling point ΔTb = Kb m
- 5. Degree ofDisassociation α = 𝒊 − 𝟏 𝒏 − 𝟏 Degree of association 𝒊 − 𝟏 α = 𝒏 𝟏 − 𝟏 n = number of ions ΔTf = 𝒊 Kf m π = 𝒊 CRT