The document discusses solid waste management and integrated waste management strategies. It covers topics such as waste generation sources, the functional elements of solid waste management systems, management options like source reduction and landfills. It also discusses implementing strategies, typical costs, regulations, planning considerations, materials in municipal solid waste over time, and recovery and management trends. Source reduction, collection, and toxicity reduction are explained in detail with examples.
This document discusses hazardous waste management. It identifies sources of hazardous waste from industries like petroleum refineries, iron and steel plants, and leather tanning. It categorizes hazardous wastes based on their ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. The document outlines regulations for generators and transporters of hazardous waste regarding preparation, documentation, and record keeping. It also discusses labeling requirements and various treatment and disposal methods for hazardous waste, including minimization, physical and chemical treatment, biological treatment, incineration, solidification, and land disposal.
This document summarizes information about solid waste management. It defines different types of solid waste like municipal, biomedical, industrial, agricultural, and e-waste. It describes the sources and classification of solid waste. It discusses the impacts of solid waste on health. It outlines the processes involved in solid waste management like storage, collection, transport, and different disposal methods like landfilling and incineration. It introduces the concepts of reduce, reuse, and recycle (3Rs) and discusses aspects of recycling and composting municipal solid waste. The document emphasizes the need for proper solid waste management practices.
This document provides an overview of clinical and non-clinical waste training. It begins by outlining the aims and objectives of understanding waste streams, segregation requirements, handling procedures, and compliance implications. It then details the various types of clinical, hazardous, and domestic waste, and how to properly classify, store, and dispose of each according to regulations. Emphasis is placed on safety, segregation, documentation, and following waste hierarchy principles of prevention, reuse, recycling, recovery and disposal. Non-compliance can result in costs, penalties, legal action, reputational damage and environmental harm.
Solid waste management by tarun choudharySubham Goyal
This document discusses solid waste management. It begins by defining solid waste as unwanted material generated from residential, commercial and industrial activities. It then outlines the main types of solid waste and defines solid waste management as the system for handling trash collection, recycling, and disposal. The document emphasizes that solid waste management is needed due to health hazards, land depletion from landfills, and pollution concerns. It proceeds to describe the key processes involved - collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal methods like landfilling, incineration and composting. The 4R principle of reduce, reuse, recover and recycle is also presented as important for solid waste management.
This presentation discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste as unwanted solid materials generated from residential, industrial and commercial activities. Solid waste includes garbage, rubbish, demolition waste and more. The objectives of solid waste management are to reduce, reuse and recycle materials, generate energy, promote sustainable development and public health. Methods for solid waste management include sanitary landfills, incineration, composting, recovery and recycling. For Bangladesh, solutions proposed are to control waste through reduction, reuse and recycling, and to establish modern landfills and incineration facilities along with improved waste handling practices.
Here are the main types of hazardous materials:
- Chemicals - This includes industrial chemicals, cleaning products, pesticides, and other substances used in manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, and other industries. Many of these have toxic, flammable, corrosive or reactive properties.
- Petroleum products - Gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, and other petroleum-based liquids are flammable and can also be toxic.
- Radioactive materials - Used in nuclear power generation, medical procedures, research, and some industrial processes. Poses radiation hazards.
- Batteries - Rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries can contain toxic heavy metals like mercury, cadmium,
The document discusses solid waste management in Kathmandu, Nepal. It defines solid waste and describes the different types. It provides data showing municipal waste makes up the majority at 450 tons per day. The document advocates adopting the 3R principle of reduce, reuse, recycle to better manage waste. It also discusses challenges of recycling and disposing of waste through methods like composting, incineration, and landfilling.
This document discusses hazardous waste management. It identifies sources of hazardous waste from industries like petroleum refineries, iron and steel plants, and leather tanning. It categorizes hazardous wastes based on their ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. The document outlines regulations for generators and transporters of hazardous waste regarding preparation, documentation, and record keeping. It also discusses labeling requirements and various treatment and disposal methods for hazardous waste, including minimization, physical and chemical treatment, biological treatment, incineration, solidification, and land disposal.
This document summarizes information about solid waste management. It defines different types of solid waste like municipal, biomedical, industrial, agricultural, and e-waste. It describes the sources and classification of solid waste. It discusses the impacts of solid waste on health. It outlines the processes involved in solid waste management like storage, collection, transport, and different disposal methods like landfilling and incineration. It introduces the concepts of reduce, reuse, and recycle (3Rs) and discusses aspects of recycling and composting municipal solid waste. The document emphasizes the need for proper solid waste management practices.
This document provides an overview of clinical and non-clinical waste training. It begins by outlining the aims and objectives of understanding waste streams, segregation requirements, handling procedures, and compliance implications. It then details the various types of clinical, hazardous, and domestic waste, and how to properly classify, store, and dispose of each according to regulations. Emphasis is placed on safety, segregation, documentation, and following waste hierarchy principles of prevention, reuse, recycling, recovery and disposal. Non-compliance can result in costs, penalties, legal action, reputational damage and environmental harm.
Solid waste management by tarun choudharySubham Goyal
This document discusses solid waste management. It begins by defining solid waste as unwanted material generated from residential, commercial and industrial activities. It then outlines the main types of solid waste and defines solid waste management as the system for handling trash collection, recycling, and disposal. The document emphasizes that solid waste management is needed due to health hazards, land depletion from landfills, and pollution concerns. It proceeds to describe the key processes involved - collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal methods like landfilling, incineration and composting. The 4R principle of reduce, reuse, recover and recycle is also presented as important for solid waste management.
This presentation discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste as unwanted solid materials generated from residential, industrial and commercial activities. Solid waste includes garbage, rubbish, demolition waste and more. The objectives of solid waste management are to reduce, reuse and recycle materials, generate energy, promote sustainable development and public health. Methods for solid waste management include sanitary landfills, incineration, composting, recovery and recycling. For Bangladesh, solutions proposed are to control waste through reduction, reuse and recycling, and to establish modern landfills and incineration facilities along with improved waste handling practices.
Here are the main types of hazardous materials:
- Chemicals - This includes industrial chemicals, cleaning products, pesticides, and other substances used in manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, and other industries. Many of these have toxic, flammable, corrosive or reactive properties.
- Petroleum products - Gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, and other petroleum-based liquids are flammable and can also be toxic.
- Radioactive materials - Used in nuclear power generation, medical procedures, research, and some industrial processes. Poses radiation hazards.
- Batteries - Rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries can contain toxic heavy metals like mercury, cadmium,
The document discusses solid waste management in Kathmandu, Nepal. It defines solid waste and describes the different types. It provides data showing municipal waste makes up the majority at 450 tons per day. The document advocates adopting the 3R principle of reduce, reuse, recycle to better manage waste. It also discusses challenges of recycling and disposing of waste through methods like composting, incineration, and landfilling.
The document discusses waste management at Govardhan Eco Village, a farm community located 110km from Mumbai. It describes how the integrated waste management system recycles both organic and inorganic waste. Organic waste from food, humans, animals and foliage is converted into compost, biogas or mulch. Inorganic waste such as plastics, construction materials and packaging is reused for agriculture, energy or products. The eco village aims to present a sustainable living model through community living and education in traditional sciences.
An easy to grasp manual to establish waste segregation at home. Distills the waste segregation down to 5 important categories so that the requirement is easily understandable to all.
1. Hazardous waste landfills are designed with multiple layers to prevent contamination, including compacted waste, clay and plastic linings, leachate collection systems, and groundwater monitoring wells.
2. Common hazardous wastes include cleaning products, paints, pesticides, batteries, motor oil and antifreeze which should not be thrown in the trash or poured down drains but disposed of properly.
3. Transitioning to a low-waste society requires reducing and reusing materials to minimize pollution, following principles like industrial ecology that mimic natural cycles.
- Hazardous waste management is important to minimize risks to lives and the environment from waste generated by industries. Waste is categorized based on its properties and the amount generated, and requires proper transport, storage, treatment, and disposal. Examples of treatment methods include physical, chemical and biological processes to break down or separate waste. Stricter regulations and infrastructure are needed for hazardous waste management in India.
The document outlines South Africa's legislative background and current status regarding chemicals and waste management. It discusses the National Environmental Management Waste Act of 2008 and its key provisions, including regulating waste activities through a listing system. The Act aims to protect health and the environment based on a waste hierarchy approach. Key requirements are outlined for generators and transporters of waste, including proper storage, disposal, and permitting. Regulations provide for waste classification, tracking, and information reporting. The overall approach is to manage waste safely and prevent pollution.
This document discusses different types of waste including municipal solid waste, industrial solid waste, agricultural waste, and e-waste. It describes the causes of food waste including lack of planning, confusion over expiration dates, and inadequate storage. The document also discusses the environmental impacts of improper waste disposal such as air, water, and soil pollution. It provides examples of sustainable waste management practices including organic farming, composting, and using recycled materials in road construction.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and provides classifications of municipal solid waste including garbage, rubbish, ashes, demolition waste, and more. It also describes hazardous waste. The document outlines the key components of solid waste management systems including waste identification and minimization, collection, segregation, storage, transportation, treatment, energy recovery, and disposal. It provides details on collection services and discusses processing and disposal methods like compaction, incineration, and landfilling.
The document discusses the treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes. It outlines the hierarchy of preferred waste management options which includes waste avoidance, reuse, recycling, treatment, and disposal. It then describes various treatment technologies for hazardous wastes including physical, chemical, biological, thermal, and stabilization methods. It also discusses criteria for selecting appropriate treatment technologies based on the waste type and other factors.
Industrial waste management principles and practices
The document discusses principles and practices for industrial waste management, including reduce, reuse, recycle, treatment, and disposal. It provides examples of each, such as redesigning products to use fewer materials, extending product lifespan, recycling scrap metal, and using deep injection wells for frack waste disposal. The overall aim is to explore solutions for industrial waste and implement waste management systems and principles in organizations.
This Presentation deals with Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Solid waste Sample, with Importance of every characteristic in the field of Solid Waste Management
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines different types of solid waste and sources of waste. The three main types are household waste, industrial waste, and biomedical waste. Effective waste management involves proper storage, collection, transport, recycling, and disposal. Challenges of improper waste management include health hazards from disease outbreaks. Modern technologies can help improve waste collection efficiency. Public awareness and private sector involvement are needed for better solid waste management.
Solid waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, and disposal of solid waste. There are different types of solid waste including municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, medical waste, and electronic waste. India generates large amounts of solid waste that is increasingly difficult to manage due to rapid urbanization. Common solid waste management methods include landfilling, incineration, composting, and recycling, with landfilling being the most common approach in India despite issues with pollution and land use. Proper waste management is important for public health and environmental protection.
The document discusses healthcare waste management. It defines different types of healthcare waste, including infectious waste, human/animal parts, sharps, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, radioactive materials, and compressed gas cylinders. It outlines the proper segregation, storage, and disposal methods for each waste type, with infectious and hazardous waste requiring special containment in yellow or red bags. The key steps of waste management are listed as segregation, handling, internal storage, and final disposal. Proper signage and documentation is also important when managing healthcare waste.
This document discusses different types of solid waste and solid waste management techniques. It describes various categories of solid waste like kitchen waste, e-waste, and plastic waste. It then explains key concepts in solid waste management like reducing, reusing, recycling, collection, transportation, and disposal. The document also summarizes different treatment and disposal methods for solid waste including incineration, landfilling, composting, and anaerobic digestion.
Solid waste includes organic and inorganic materials that are discarded because they have lost their value to the original user. Solid waste comes from residential, commercial, institutional, and other sources. It can be classified based on its source and type. Improper management of solid waste leads to air and water pollution and health issues. A solid waste management system includes generation, storage, collection, processing, and disposal. Processing techniques include incineration, composting, and landfilling. Proper waste management following rules of reduce, reuse, and recycle is needed.
The document discusses various topics related to waste management including:
- The meaning of waste management and different types of waste such as solid, liquid, hazardous, organic, and recyclable.
- Sources of waste like municipal, medical, agricultural, industrial, and electronic sources.
- Methods of waste disposal including landfilling, incineration, recycling, composting, and energy recovery from waste.
- The importance of sustainability and resource recovery in modern waste management practices.
This document discusses sorting and material recovery from waste. It outlines the objectives of sorting waste in India, which include separating recyclable materials for reuse, ensuring waste that can be processed for material or energy recovery is not mixed with other waste, and separately storing hazardous waste. The stages of sorting are described from the household level to transfer stations to processing sites. Sorting operations can be manual, semi-mechanized, or fully mechanized using equipment like shredders, screens, and magnetic separators. Guidelines are provided for sorting waste at different levels for maximum material recovery.
The document discusses solid waste collection and transportation methods as well as landfill systems. It describes various collection services including curb, alley, and backyard collection. It also outlines equipment used for collection such as litter bins, brooms, shovels, community bins, handcarts, and motor vehicles. Methods of transportation to the landfill include trucks, dumpers, compactor vehicles, and auto vehicles. The document then discusses landfill systems including types of landfills, landfill operation methods like area, trench, open pit and canyon methods, and components of landfill design and operation.
- Definitions
- Public health importance
- Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Waste
- Functional elements of solid waste
- Integrated waste management and waste management hierarchy
The document defines key terms related to solid waste management such as waste, solid wastes, waste management, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification. It describes the public health importance and environmental and health impacts of solid waste. The functional elements of solid waste management systems are collection, transfer, resource recovery/processing, and disposal. Methods of waste treatment and disposal include composting, incineration, and sanitary landfilling. The waste management hierarchy emphasizes reducing, reusing, recycling, and recovering waste before disposal. Hazardous and healthcare wastes require special management due to risks of disease transmission and environmental contamination.
The document discusses waste management at Govardhan Eco Village, a farm community located 110km from Mumbai. It describes how the integrated waste management system recycles both organic and inorganic waste. Organic waste from food, humans, animals and foliage is converted into compost, biogas or mulch. Inorganic waste such as plastics, construction materials and packaging is reused for agriculture, energy or products. The eco village aims to present a sustainable living model through community living and education in traditional sciences.
An easy to grasp manual to establish waste segregation at home. Distills the waste segregation down to 5 important categories so that the requirement is easily understandable to all.
1. Hazardous waste landfills are designed with multiple layers to prevent contamination, including compacted waste, clay and plastic linings, leachate collection systems, and groundwater monitoring wells.
2. Common hazardous wastes include cleaning products, paints, pesticides, batteries, motor oil and antifreeze which should not be thrown in the trash or poured down drains but disposed of properly.
3. Transitioning to a low-waste society requires reducing and reusing materials to minimize pollution, following principles like industrial ecology that mimic natural cycles.
- Hazardous waste management is important to minimize risks to lives and the environment from waste generated by industries. Waste is categorized based on its properties and the amount generated, and requires proper transport, storage, treatment, and disposal. Examples of treatment methods include physical, chemical and biological processes to break down or separate waste. Stricter regulations and infrastructure are needed for hazardous waste management in India.
The document outlines South Africa's legislative background and current status regarding chemicals and waste management. It discusses the National Environmental Management Waste Act of 2008 and its key provisions, including regulating waste activities through a listing system. The Act aims to protect health and the environment based on a waste hierarchy approach. Key requirements are outlined for generators and transporters of waste, including proper storage, disposal, and permitting. Regulations provide for waste classification, tracking, and information reporting. The overall approach is to manage waste safely and prevent pollution.
This document discusses different types of waste including municipal solid waste, industrial solid waste, agricultural waste, and e-waste. It describes the causes of food waste including lack of planning, confusion over expiration dates, and inadequate storage. The document also discusses the environmental impacts of improper waste disposal such as air, water, and soil pollution. It provides examples of sustainable waste management practices including organic farming, composting, and using recycled materials in road construction.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and provides classifications of municipal solid waste including garbage, rubbish, ashes, demolition waste, and more. It also describes hazardous waste. The document outlines the key components of solid waste management systems including waste identification and minimization, collection, segregation, storage, transportation, treatment, energy recovery, and disposal. It provides details on collection services and discusses processing and disposal methods like compaction, incineration, and landfilling.
The document discusses the treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes. It outlines the hierarchy of preferred waste management options which includes waste avoidance, reuse, recycling, treatment, and disposal. It then describes various treatment technologies for hazardous wastes including physical, chemical, biological, thermal, and stabilization methods. It also discusses criteria for selecting appropriate treatment technologies based on the waste type and other factors.
Industrial waste management principles and practices
The document discusses principles and practices for industrial waste management, including reduce, reuse, recycle, treatment, and disposal. It provides examples of each, such as redesigning products to use fewer materials, extending product lifespan, recycling scrap metal, and using deep injection wells for frack waste disposal. The overall aim is to explore solutions for industrial waste and implement waste management systems and principles in organizations.
This Presentation deals with Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Solid waste Sample, with Importance of every characteristic in the field of Solid Waste Management
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines different types of solid waste and sources of waste. The three main types are household waste, industrial waste, and biomedical waste. Effective waste management involves proper storage, collection, transport, recycling, and disposal. Challenges of improper waste management include health hazards from disease outbreaks. Modern technologies can help improve waste collection efficiency. Public awareness and private sector involvement are needed for better solid waste management.
Solid waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, and disposal of solid waste. There are different types of solid waste including municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, medical waste, and electronic waste. India generates large amounts of solid waste that is increasingly difficult to manage due to rapid urbanization. Common solid waste management methods include landfilling, incineration, composting, and recycling, with landfilling being the most common approach in India despite issues with pollution and land use. Proper waste management is important for public health and environmental protection.
The document discusses healthcare waste management. It defines different types of healthcare waste, including infectious waste, human/animal parts, sharps, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, radioactive materials, and compressed gas cylinders. It outlines the proper segregation, storage, and disposal methods for each waste type, with infectious and hazardous waste requiring special containment in yellow or red bags. The key steps of waste management are listed as segregation, handling, internal storage, and final disposal. Proper signage and documentation is also important when managing healthcare waste.
This document discusses different types of solid waste and solid waste management techniques. It describes various categories of solid waste like kitchen waste, e-waste, and plastic waste. It then explains key concepts in solid waste management like reducing, reusing, recycling, collection, transportation, and disposal. The document also summarizes different treatment and disposal methods for solid waste including incineration, landfilling, composting, and anaerobic digestion.
Solid waste includes organic and inorganic materials that are discarded because they have lost their value to the original user. Solid waste comes from residential, commercial, institutional, and other sources. It can be classified based on its source and type. Improper management of solid waste leads to air and water pollution and health issues. A solid waste management system includes generation, storage, collection, processing, and disposal. Processing techniques include incineration, composting, and landfilling. Proper waste management following rules of reduce, reuse, and recycle is needed.
The document discusses various topics related to waste management including:
- The meaning of waste management and different types of waste such as solid, liquid, hazardous, organic, and recyclable.
- Sources of waste like municipal, medical, agricultural, industrial, and electronic sources.
- Methods of waste disposal including landfilling, incineration, recycling, composting, and energy recovery from waste.
- The importance of sustainability and resource recovery in modern waste management practices.
This document discusses sorting and material recovery from waste. It outlines the objectives of sorting waste in India, which include separating recyclable materials for reuse, ensuring waste that can be processed for material or energy recovery is not mixed with other waste, and separately storing hazardous waste. The stages of sorting are described from the household level to transfer stations to processing sites. Sorting operations can be manual, semi-mechanized, or fully mechanized using equipment like shredders, screens, and magnetic separators. Guidelines are provided for sorting waste at different levels for maximum material recovery.
The document discusses solid waste collection and transportation methods as well as landfill systems. It describes various collection services including curb, alley, and backyard collection. It also outlines equipment used for collection such as litter bins, brooms, shovels, community bins, handcarts, and motor vehicles. Methods of transportation to the landfill include trucks, dumpers, compactor vehicles, and auto vehicles. The document then discusses landfill systems including types of landfills, landfill operation methods like area, trench, open pit and canyon methods, and components of landfill design and operation.
- Definitions
- Public health importance
- Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Waste
- Functional elements of solid waste
- Integrated waste management and waste management hierarchy
The document defines key terms related to solid waste management such as waste, solid wastes, waste management, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification. It describes the public health importance and environmental and health impacts of solid waste. The functional elements of solid waste management systems are collection, transfer, resource recovery/processing, and disposal. Methods of waste treatment and disposal include composting, incineration, and sanitary landfilling. The waste management hierarchy emphasizes reducing, reusing, recycling, and recovering waste before disposal. Hazardous and healthcare wastes require special management due to risks of disease transmission and environmental contamination.
Solid waste management is a growing issue in India. Households, commerce, industry, and agriculture all generate large amounts of solid waste. India produces over 7 million tons of hazardous waste and requires additional landfill space every year. Common waste disposal methods include open dumping, ocean dumping, and landfilling, but these can cause environmental and health problems. More effective approaches include waste processing through composting and waste-to-energy programs, as well as reducing and recycling waste. Proper management of biomedical waste is also important to protect worker safety.
EN8591 Municipal Solid waste management Unit 2 - Two mark Q&A.pptxSubha C
On-site storage of municipal solid waste involves storing waste near its source before primary collection. On-site storage is preferred when storage area is available, the public accepts it, and source segregation is adopted on-site. Proper on-site storage includes availability of drainage, being away from water bodies, and recycling/accommodation facilities. Onsite processing provides economic benefits like resource and energy recovery as well as reduced transportation and disposal costs through the use of equipment like shredders, hydropulpers, and incinerators. Improper storage can cause diseases from flies/mosquitoes breeding, leading to issues like malaria or plague.
Solid waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of solid waste materials with the objectives of minimizing waste generation, maximizing collection efficiency, reducing disposal volume, and developing environmentally sound treatment methods. An ideal waste management system consists of practices that minimize both domestic and commercial waste generation while protecting human health and the environment. The hierarchy of waste minimization includes prevention, minimization through reduction and reuse, and recycling. Resource recovery through biological and thermal waste processing can yield useful products like compost or energy. Public awareness and staff health and safety are also important aspects of effective solid waste management.
The document discusses solid waste management and provides details about various topics related to it. It defines solid waste and its sources and classification. It describes the composition, characteristics, and management of solid waste. Some key methods of solid waste disposal discussed are composting, incineration, and landfills. Efficient collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of solid waste are essential parts of solid waste management.
This document discusses solid waste handling and its importance for public health. It defines different types of solid waste and their sources. Improper solid waste disposal can lead to diseases and environmental pollution. A good solid waste management system involves waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and proper collection and disposal. Regular monitoring and community participation are needed to promote healthy practices and prevent disease.
This document discusses solid waste management. It covers topics like solid waste sources and classification, composition and characteristics. Methods of solid waste disposal include landfilling, composting, incineration and energy recovery. The key aspects of solid waste management are waste minimization, collection, segregation, transportation, treatment and final disposal or energy recovery. Proper management requires efficient collection and transportation systems as well as treatment of waste before disposal to protect the environment.
This document provides an overview of solid waste management. It begins with definitions of solid waste and municipal solid waste. It then discusses sources and types of municipal solid waste, as well as typical generation quantities. The key elements of municipal solid waste management systems are outlined, including collection, transfer, transport, disposal methods like landfilling and incineration, and the 4R concept of reduce, reuse, recycle, recover. Specific collection and disposal methods are described in more detail. The document also discusses the characteristics, composition and impact of municipal solid waste. A case study example is provided at the end to illustrate some of the concepts.
Production & Operations Management (POM)- Waste Management- MBAChandra Shekar Immani
Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials produced by human activity. The principal considerations in waste management are evaluating the type and nature of wastes, estimating total volumes, and assessing handling, storage, transportation and disposal methods. Effective waste management is important for protecting the environment and public health by preventing pollution, rotting garbage, and harmful gases. Common waste disposal methods include landfills, incineration, recovery and recycling, and converting waste to energy. Proper waste management can improve health and safety, reduce costs, generate revenue, increase efficiency, and enhance reputation. Key challenges include improving safety, overcoming poor quality recyclables, employee placement, lack of expertise,
Bioresource and waste management, utilizing biological resources, opting for various process for recycling them on to a large scale which can be a boon to society for human welfare.
Chapter 5 solid waste management and resource recoveryShaheen Sardar
This document provides an overview of solid waste management and resource recovery. It discusses different types of solid waste including municipal solid waste. It covers topics like waste generation, material recovery, recycling, composting, waste-to-energy combustion, and strategies for reducing waste such as source reduction, green product design, labeling, and designing products for recyclability. It also provides examples of recycling programs for textiles and resource reduction programs in Germany.
The document discusses solid waste management and technologies. It describes the objectives of solid waste management as minimizing water generation, maximizing waste collection efficiency, reducing waste volume requiring disposal, and developing environmentally sound treatment and disposal methods. The waste hierarchy is introduced, which involves waste prevention, minimization, reuse, recycling, and disposal. Common solid waste management methods are also summarized, including open dumps, landfills, anaerobic digestion, composting, vermicomposting, encapsulation, and incineration. The document provides an overview of solid waste management and classification.
This document presents information on solid waste management. It defines solid waste and discusses its types and sources. The effects of solid waste are also addressed. The concepts of the 3Rs - reduce, reuse, recycle - for waste management are introduced. Methods of solid waste management include storage, collection, transport, recycling, and disposal. Storage methods include dust bins and paper sacks. Collection occurs through house-to-house pickup or from public bins. Transportation moves waste to disposal sites. Recycling recovers materials for new products. Disposal methods consist of dumping, landfilling, incineration, composting, and burial.
Waste management involves engineering, economic, planning, and management techniques to deal with waste as an undesirable output. It aims to minimize waste and involves processes like reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, energy recovery, and disposal. The key aspects of waste management are processing waste, minimizing waste, recycling waste, and disposing of waste. The waste hierarchy prioritizes reducing, reusing and recycling waste over disposal.
This document summarizes key aspects of Republic Act 9003, also known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 in the Philippines. It establishes a national solid waste management framework and commissions to oversee implementation at the national, provincial, and local levels. It defines terms, roles and responsibilities, and sets requirements for waste collection, transport, and management facilities. The goal is to promote proper waste disposal, reduction, and recycling nationwide in an environmentally sound manner.
The document discusses solid and hazardous waste management. It defines solid waste as discarded materials from various activities and hazardous waste as those posing threats to health or environment. Solid waste includes household, industrial, commercial, institutional, construction, and agricultural waste. It is composed of biodegradable, recyclable, inert, electrical/electronic, hazardous, toxic, and medical waste. The concepts of waste reduction, reuse, recovery and recycling are preferred management options. Key components of management are collection, handling, transferring, and various processing and disposal methods like sanitary landfilling, incineration, and composting which must meet regulatory standards.
This document discusses waste management. It notes that solid waste generation is increasing yearly while available landfills are decreasing. It examines responsibilities for waste and defines different types of waste like household, industrial, and construction waste. It outlines a waste management hierarchy of reduce, reuse, recycle, treat, and dispose. Integrated waste management is described as using a combination of techniques to manage waste streams based on their components and impacts. Implementation of waste management strategies varies between locations based on characteristics, impacts, economics and social acceptance.
The document discusses various topics related to solid waste management including:
1. Identifying sources of solid waste and characterizing waste properties.
2. Designing layouts and landfills as well as new technologies for managing solid waste.
3. Calculating waste generation rates and the composition, characteristics, and degradation times of different types of waste materials.
This document discusses solid waste management. It covers topics like the classification of solid waste, the functional elements of a solid waste management system, sources of waste generation, and methods of collection, recycling, and disposal. The six functional elements of a management system are waste generation, on-site handling, collection, transfer and transport, processing and recovery, and disposal. Organic waste includes materials like food and yard waste, while inorganic waste is non-decomposable materials.
2. Thought of the Day
Cleanliness is Half of Faith…
Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H)
Solid Waste Management 2
3. Waste
• Non-liquid, non-soluble materials ranging
from municipal garbage to industrial wastes
that contain complex and sometimes
hazardous substances.
• Solid wastes also include sewage sludge,
agricultural refuse, demolition wastes, and
mining residues.
• Technically, solid waste also refers to liquids
and gases in containers
Solid Waste Management 3
4. Flow of Materials and Waste in
Industrial Society
Solid Waste Management 4
5. Sources
• Residential
• Commercial
• Institutional
• Industrial (non process
wastes)
• Municipal Solid Waste
(Construction and
Demolition)
• Municipal Services
(excluding treatment
facilities)
• Treatment Facilities
• Industrial
• Agricultural
Solid Waste Management 5
6. Functional Elements of SWM System
• Waste generation
• Waste handling and
separation, storage, and
processing at the source
• Collection
• Transfer and transport
• Separation, processing,
and transformation of
solid waste
• Disposal
Solid Waste Management 6
13. Regulations
• Floodplains
• Endangered Species
• Surface Water
• Groundwater
• Disease Vectors
• Air
• Safety
Solid Waste Management 13
14. Planning
1. Geologic, hydrologic, and climatic circumstances, and the
protection of ground and surface waters
2. Collection, storage, processing, and disposal methods
3. Methods for closing dumps
4. Transportation
5. Profile of industries
6. Waste composition and quantity
7. Political, economic, organizational, financial, and
management issues
8. Regulatory powers
9. Types of waste management systems
10. Markets for recovered materials and energy
Solid Waste Management 14
20. Source Reduction Terms
• Waste
• Source reduction (also known as waste
prevention) or reuse of materials
• Waste reduction and minimization
• Reuse and refurbishing
• Light weighting packaging
• Source expansion (opposite)
• Functional product groupings
Solid Waste Management 20
21. EFFECTS OF SOURCE REDUCTION
Economic
• Reduced pollution from trucks and disposal
• Less resource depletion from excess packaging
not generated
• Economic development of area’s reuse and
repair industries
• Reduced need for landfill capacity
Solid Waste Management 21
22. EFFECTS OF SOURCE REDUCTION
Environmental
• Choice of and extraction of raw materials
• Transport and processing of those materials
• Manufacture of products from those materials
• Use of those products
• Fate at end of life (life-cycle assessment)
Waste Composition
• As consumption changes, quantity and
composition of solid waste generated changes
Solid Waste Management 22
23. Light Weighting
• The process of reducing the amount of a
particular material per unit of product is
known as light weighting
Solid Waste Management 23
24. State Involvement
• Assistance
• Bans and Restrictions
• Deposit and Refund Systems
• Exchange, Donation, and Sale
• Taxes
• Reuse/Repair Industries
• Consumer and Student Education
• Unit Pricing for Waste Reduction - Can systems, Bag
systems, Weight-based systems
• Waste Audits and Source Reduction Plans
• Yard Waste Programs
Solid Waste Management 24
25. DEVELOPING A SOURCE REDUCTION
PLAN- Four Steps
1. Establish an overall source reduction goal
that is separate from the recycling goal with
specification of:
• The baseline year
• Target year
• Type of reduction to be measured (from the
current total waste generation levels, from
current per capita generation levels, or from
the projected increase)
Solid Waste Management 25
27. DEVELOPING A SOURCE REDUCTION
PLAN-Four Steps
3. Select unit of measurement:
• Weight
• Volume
• Weight and volume (preferable, if possible)
Solid Waste Management 27
28. DEVELOPING A SOURCE REDUCTION
PLAN-Four Steps
4. Selected measurement methodology:
• Waste audits
• Sampling (including weighing-in places such as
transfer stations)
• Surveys
• Purchases (tracking sales)
Solid Waste Management 28
29. Consumer Strategies for Source
Reduction
• Avoid unnecessary packaging
• Adopt practices that reduce waste toxicity
• Consider reusable products
• Maintain and repair durable products
• Reuse bags, containers and other items
• Borrow, rent, or share items
• Sell or donate goods instead of throwing them
out
• Compost yard trimmings and food scraps
Solid Waste Management 29
30. Construction and Demolition
• 136 million tons
• 2.8 lb per person per day to landfills
• Deconstruction Efforts
• Careful dismantling of structures before or
instead of demolition to maximize the
recovery of materials
Solid Waste Management 30
31. Special Events
Whole Earth Festival at the University of California
• Use of biodegradable utensils and can liners
• Separate collection of compost
• Promotion of foods that do not require utensils
• Serving foods such as pizza with a napkin instead of a plate
• Educational booths to inform people about composting
• Use of durable items (plates, utensile, etc.)
• Reward program for food vendors utilizing innovative waste
prevention programs
• Not allowing the use of materials that would require
disposal
Solid Waste Management 31
33. TOXICITY-PRODUCT MANAGEMENT
POLICY
• Life-Cycle Analysis PRODUCTION
• Product Bans MANAGEMENT POLICY
• Packaging Policies • Clean Production
• Product Labeling • Design for the
• Targeted Product Environment
Procurement • Toxics Use Reduction
• Extended Producer • Integrated Pest
Responsibility Management
• Product Substitutes
Solid Waste Management 33
34. COLLECTION OF SOLID WASTE
1. The logistics of solid waste management
2. The types of waste collection services
3. The types of collection systems, equipment,
and personnel requirements
4. The collection routes
5. The management of collection systems
6. The collection system economics
Solid Waste Management 34
36. Layout of Collection Routes
The four general steps involved in
establishing collection routes
include:
1. Preparation of location maps
showing pertinent data and
information concerning the
waste generation sources
2. Data analysis and, as
required, preparation of
information summary tables
3. Preliminary layout of routes
4. Evaluation of the preliminary
routes and the development
of balanced routes by
successive trials
a) Route layout with overlap
b) Route layout without overlap
Solid Waste Management 36
37. Recycling Materials
The materials to be recycled
can include:
• paper
(newspaper, cardboard, m
ixed paper, etc.)
• glass
(amber, green, and/or
flint)
• Cans
(aluminum, ferrous, bimet
al)
• Plastics
(PET, HDPE, PS, PVC, PP, Waste Management
Solid
L 37
38. RECOVERY OF RECYCLABLE MATERIALS
FROM SOLID WASTE
There are three main methods that can be used to
recover recyclable materials from MSW:
1. Collection of source-separated recyclable materials by
either the generator or the collector, with and without
subsequent processing
2. Commingled recyclables collection with processing at
centralized materials recovery facilities (MRFs)
3. Mixed MSW collection with processing for recovery of
the recyclable materials from the waste stream at mixed-
waste processing or front-end processing facilities
Solid Waste Management 38
39. Technical Considerations in the
Planning and Design of MRFs
The technical planning and design of MRFs
involves three basic steps:
1. Feasibility analysis
2. Preliminary design
3. Final design
Solid Waste Management 39
40. Feasibility Analysis
• Functions of the MRF
• Conceptual design
• Siting
• Economics
• Ownership and operation
• Procurement
Solid Waste Management 40
41. Preliminary Design
• Process flow diagrams
• Prediction of materials recovery rates
• Development of materials mass balances and
loading rates for the unit operations
(conveyors, screens, shredders, etc.), which make
up the MRF
• Selection of processing equipment
• Facility layout and design
• Staffing needs
• Environmental issues
• Health and safety issues
Solid Waste Management 41
42. Final Design
• Preparation of final plans and specifications
that will be used for construction
• Preparation of environmental documents
• Preparation of detailed cost estimates
• Preparation of the procurement documents
Solid Waste Management 42
47. Hazardous Waste Categories
• Ignitability includes liquids with a flash point, at
standard temperature and pressure, less than 140°F
• Corrosivity includes aqueous wastes with a pH at or
below 2.0 (acids) or at or above 12.5 (bases)
• Reactivity includes unstable chemicals, violent
reactions with water, formation of explosive mixtures
when mixed with water, etc
• Toxicity includes poisons and other toxic substances
that pose a threat to human health, domestic livestock,
pets, or wildlife through ingestion, inhalation, or
absorption
Solid Waste Management 47
48. PROBLEMS OF HAZARDOUS
PRODUCTS
• Health Risks
• Fire Risks
• Toxic Loading
• HW in Wastewater
Solid Waste Management 48
49. SPECIAL WASTES
• Batteries
• Used Oil
• Scrap Tires
• Construction and
Demolition Debris
• Computer and
other electronic
solid waste
Solid Waste Management 49
52. COMPOSTING OF MUNICIPAL
SOLID WASTES
• Composting is the biological decomposition of
the biodegradable organic fraction of MSW
under controlled conditions to a state
sufficiently stable for nuisance-free storage
and handling and for safe use in land
applications
Solid Waste Management 52
54. Biology of Composting
Organisms actively involved in composting can
be classified into six broad groups:
1. Bacteria
2. Actinomycetes
3. Fungi
4. Protozoa
5. Worms
6. some larvae
Solid Waste Management 54
55. Classification
Aerobic vs. Anaerobic
• aerobic decomposition
• invalidating anaerobic composting
Mesophylic vs. Thermophylic
• Mesophilic is the temperature range from
about 5 to 45°C.Thermophilic is the
temperature range from about 45 to 75°C
Solid Waste Management 55
56. Compost Phases
Lag Phase. The lag phase begins as
soon as composting conditions are
established. It is a period of
adaptation of the microbes
characteristically present in the
waste.
Active Phase. The transition from lag
phase to active phase is marked by
an exponential increase in microbial
numbers and a corresponding
intensification of microbial activity.
Unless countermeasures are
taken, the temperature may peak at
70°C or higher
Solid Waste Management 56
57. Compost Phases
• Maturation or Curing
Phase. In the maturation
phase, the proportion of
material that is resistant
steadily rises and
microbial proliferation
correspondingly declines.
Temperature begins an
inexorable decline, which
persists until ambient
temperature is reached.
Solid Waste Management 57
58. Environmental Factors and Parameters
• Nutrients and Substrate
• Chemical Elements
• Availability of Nutrients
• Carbon-to-Nitrogen
Ratio
• Particle Size
• Oxygen (COD, BOD)
Solid Waste Management 58
59. Moisture Content
Maximum
• permissible maximum
• optimum content
Interstitial Volume (porosity)
1. the size of individual particles
2. the configuration of the
particles
3. the extent to which individual
particles maintain their
respective configuration
Minimum
pH Level
Temperature
Mesophylic vs. Thermophylic
Composting
Solid Waste Management 59
60. Performance Parameters
1. oxygen uptake
2. temperature
3. moisture content
4. pH
5. odor
6. color
7. destruction of volatile
matter
8. stability
Solid Waste Management 60
61. Compost Systems
1. windrow
• turned type
• forced aeration
• static pile
2. in-vessel
• horizontal drum
• vertical silo
• open tank
Aeration Mechanisms
Solid Waste Management 61
62. Waste to Energy Combustion
Incineration Technologies Disadvantages
• The volume and weight of the • The capital cost is high
waste are reduced • Skilled operators are required
• Waste reduction is immediate • Not all materials are
• Waste can be incinerated on- incinerable
site • Supplemental fuel is required
• Air discharges can be to initiate
effectively controlled
• Incineration requires a
relatively small disposal area
• using heat-recovery
techniques, cost of operation
reduced
Solid Waste Management 62
64. Landfilling
• Landfilling is the term
used to describe the
process by which solid
waste and solid waste
residuals are placed in a
landfill a) After geo-
• Waste dumps or membrane liner
has been installed
uncontrolled land b) After two lifts of
disposal sites solid waste
c) Landfill with final
• Secure landfills for cover
Hazardous Waste
Solid Waste Management 64