This document discusses the basics of photovoltaic (PV) systems. It explains that PV systems convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity using PV modules made of cells. The modules are connected into arrays to produce more electricity. PV systems store the electricity in batteries and use inverters to convert it to alternating current (AC) for powering loads. They can operate connected to the electric grid or independently.

2. Introduction
to PV
systems
• PV is referred to
“Photo-Voltaic”
• Photo-Voltaic effect is the
ability to convert photons
energy into DC electricity.

3. PV Array
Components
• The basic of PV is
the cell.
• A group of series
connected cells is
called
Module/Panel.
• A group of
connected
modules consist
the Array.

4. Principle of work

5. System Components

6. PV Module
• Convert sunlight to DC
current.

7. Charge
Controller
Regulate
charging/discharging
batteries.

8. Batteries
• Store Electrical Energy for
later use.
• Deep-Cycle batteries.

9. Inverter
Convert the DC voltage to AC
to use with the normal
electrical loads.

10. Advantages
of PV
systems
Solar energy is
completely
renewable source.
Solar cells make no
noise.
Low maintenance
required.

11. Disadvantages
of PV systems
EXPENSIVE TO BUY REQUIRES LARGE SPACES
HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON
THE ENVIRONEMNT

12. Factors affecting solar panels
TEMPERATURE SHADING DUST

13. PV system types
ON-Grid
PV system
OFF-Grid
PV system

14. ON-Grid / OFF-Grid