The installation of photovoltaic (PV) generation systems is rapidly growing in response to concerns related to energy security and environmental issues such as global warming. PV generation system is considered as a clean and environmentally-friendly source of energy. However, PV generation systems have two major problems which are related to low conversion efficiency of about 15 to 20 % especially in low irradiation conditions and that the amount of electric power generated by PV arrays varies continuously with weather conditions. Thus there is a need for an efficient tool for maximizing the power produced from the PV panel. Here comes the role of Maximum Power point Tracking (MPPT) technology. The MPPT is an instrument that extract maximum power available from the PV array at any given instant. Basically there are two type of MPPT techniques. (i) Mechanical Tracking (ii) Electronic tracking In mechanical tracking, In electronic tracking, MPPT controller is employed, which is an electronic charge controller system is used to track the maximum power point of PV systems. The power available from a PV module passes through a peak at a particular operating point, and this peak is also changes with atmospheric conditions. Hence the change in peak power needs to be continuously tracked. Electronic MPPT system thus uses a DC to DC converter as the MPPT controller, which introduced between the source and load in order to nullify the load mismatch conditions. This is done by varying the duty cycle of the charge controller in such a way to optimize the current drawn from the array. Charge controllers are generally employed with tracking algorithms. Perturb and observe (P & O) method, Incremental conductance (IC) and Hybrid tracking methods are some example of algorithms used in MPPT. Since the ease in digitalized programming and less complicate when compared with other algorithms, P & O algorithm is preferred in this project. P & O method involve perturbing the point (voltage) of operation and measuring the power delivered by the PV array. This process followed by comparing the power values at two consecutive instant that leads to decision on the direction of perturbation in the subsequent sampling cycle.  

1. SOLAR POWER GENERATION
WITH MPP TRACKER
Guided by
Omega A R
Asst. Professor
Dept. of EEE
Presented by
Anoop Kumar N
Pooja Vijayan
Rinu John George
Shambhu R
Veena Chandran S
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2. INTRODUCTION .
• MPPT is a tool for extracting maximum power
from solar panel.
• Impedance matching is the principle behind
Maximum power transfer.
• Boost converter is used as the MPP Tracker
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3. HARDWARE SECTION
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4. SOLAR PANEL .
Panel Design
• Total load = 2x20 = 40W
• Working hours = 7 hrs (9:30 am to 4:30 pm)
• Total watt hour = 45 x 7 = 315Wh [load is taken as 45W with
additional 5W]
Since period of peak sunshine in a day is 4 hrs, so the panel
should capable for charging the battery within this 4 hrs
• Therefore, panel rating must be greater than (315/4 =78W)
2 Solar panel of 100W each is connected in parallel.
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5. Panel Specifications
Electrical Data Mechanical data
Pmax = 100W Solar cell - Monocrystalline
Vmpp = 17.5V No. of cells - 36 cells
Impp = 5.71A Size- 1040mm x 670mm x 34mm
Voc = 21.5V Weight - 8.25kg
Isc = 6.37A
SOLAR PANEL .
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6. Manufactures
• Tata, BHEL, Sharp
Standards
• IEC 61215 : Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic (PV) modules
— Design qualification
• IEC 61730:Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification
• RFID TAG
SOLAR PANEL .
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7. BUZ 20
• N-Channel Power MOSFET
• 15A, 100V
• Gate Voltage – 20V
• Nanosecond Switching Speeds
BOOST CONVERTER .
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8. BOOST CONVERTER .
IR 2101
• High voltage, High speed Power MOSFET and
IGBT driver
• Gate Drive supply ranges from 10V to 20V
• Under Voltage Lockout
• 3.3V, 5V, and 15V Logic input compatible
• Matched propagation delay for both channels
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9. Design
Input Voltage Range (Vi) = (15 -21)V
Switching Frequency f = 10KHz
Output Voltage Vo = 35V
Rmax = 7.2Ω
D = Dlow = 1- (Vinhigh/Vo) = 1- (21/35) = 0.4 or 40%
BOOST CONVERTER .
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10. BOOST CONVERTER .
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Therefore L >
𝐷.(1−𝐷)2.𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥
2𝑓
L >
0.4(1−0.4)2∗7.2
2∗10∗103 =51.85 uH
So we select 82 uH inductor
Critical value of Capacitor,
C =
DH .𝑇
𝑅𝑚𝑖𝑛
DH=1-(Vilow/Vo)
= 1-(15/35)
= 0.6 (60%)
Rmin = 1Ω (assumption)
C =
0.6∗0.0001
1
= 60uF
So we select 470 uFcapacitor

11. BOOST CONVERTER .
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Simulation
Fig.1:Simulation Results of a boost converter with duty cycle = 50%
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12. Design
Load specifications = 12V, 45W
Discharging Time = 7hrs
Watt-hours = 45 x 7
= 315Whr
Thus Amps-hour = 315/12
= 26.25Ahr
12V, 50Ahr lead acid type battery selected (50% is allowed to discharge)
BATTERY .
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13. BATTERY .
Fig.2: Battery Discharging Chara
Pic courtesy: Matlab
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14. SOFTWARE SECTION
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15. LCD INTERFACE .
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• Used for User-
Device interface
• 16×2 alphanumeric
LCD
• LCD used here is
JHD 162A
Fig.3: Circuit Diagram for LCD Interfacing
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16. ADC INTERFACE .
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• ADC used here is
ADC0804
• Step size = Vfull scale / 2n-1
• 11 pins to interface
 8 Data Pin
 3 Control Pin
Fig.4: Circuit Diagram of ADC Interface
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17. 20-01-2015
DUTY CYCLE VARIATION .
SWITCHING FREQUENCY = 10KHz
Fig.6: DUTY CYCLE -25%
Fig.7: DUTY CYCLE -75%
Fig.5: Circuit Diagram
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18. • Debugging of Entire Program
• Testing of the Hardware components
• Hardware implementation
FUTURE WORK .
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19. • Koutroulis And Voulgaris N.C., “Development of a Microcontroller-based
photovoltaic Maximum power point tracking control system”, IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronic, Vol. 16, No. 1, January 2001.
• V.C.Kotak, Preti Tyagi, 2013, DC to DC Converter in Maximum Power Point
Tracker, Vol.2, Issue12, International Journal on Advanced Research in
Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering.
• Mohamed Azab, “A New Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic
Systems,” World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 44
2008.
REFERENCE .
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20. • S.K, Mandal, “Digital Electronics Principles and Applications,” 2nd Edition,
Tata McGraw Hill, 2011.
• Predko Myke., “Programming and Customizing the 8051 Microcontroller,
TATA McGraw Hill Production”, January 1999, Second Edition.
• ADC 0808/0809 8-bit μP compatible A/D converters with 8-channel
Multiplexer, National Instruments, October 1999 Revised March 2013.
• Kenneth J. Ayala., “The 8051 Microcontroller: Architecture, Programming,
and Applications”, Thomson Delmer Learning, July 2004, Third edition.
• Mazidi Muhammad Ali, “The 8051 Microcontroller And Embedded Systems
Using Assembly And C”, Pearson Education, September 2007, Second
edition.
REFERENCE .
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