This document summarizes information about solar energy. It discusses that solar energy is energy produced by the sun and can be converted into usable energy forms like electricity. The two main types of solar energy technologies are solar thermal and solar photovoltaic. Solar photovoltaic cells generate electricity directly from sunlight, with the most common types being silicon-based and dye-sensitized solar cells. It also outlines the working principles of these cell types and discusses advantages and disadvantages of solar energy as well as India's solar energy potential and policies.

1. RADHARAMAN ENGG.
COLLEGE
 VIJAY SIR  DEEPAK KUMAR
 Enroll.- 0158ME131036
 Branch – mechanical eng.
GUIDED BY PRESENTED BY
SUBMITED TO - SUNIL SIR(HOD)

2. WHAT IS SOLAR ENERGY?
2
Energy produced by the sun
Clean, renewable source of energy
Converted into usable energy such as
electricity
Originates with the thermonuclear fusion
reactions occurring in the sun.
Represents the entire electromagnetic
radiation (visible light, infrared,
ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves).

3. There are currently two
main types of solar energy
technologies:
solar thermal
solar photovoltaic (PV)

4. 4
Silicon-based
solar cell
Dye-sensitized
solar cell
Photovoltaic Solar Cells
 Generate electricity directly
from sunlight
 Two Main types:
– Single-crystal silicon
(traditional)
• Widespread
• Expensive to
manufacture
– Dye-sensitized (“nano”)
• Newer, less proven
• Inexpensive to
manufacture
• Flexible

5. 5
How a Silicon-Based Solar
Cell Works
Light with energy greater
than the band gap energy of
Si is absorbed
Energy is given to an
electron in the crystal
lattice
The energy excites the
electron; it is free to move

6.  A positive “hole”
is left in the electron’s place
 This separation of electrons and holes
creates a voltage and a current
How a Dye-Sensitized Cell
Works
Light with high enough energy excites electrons
in dye molecules
Excited electrons infused into semiconducting
TiO2, transported out of cell

7. 7
Positive “holes” left in dye molecules
Separation of excited electrons and “holes”
creates a voltage

8. WORKING OF FLAT PLATE
COLLECTOR

9. EQUATION OF FLAT PLATE
COLLECTOR
I(Txα)A = Q(u) + Q(cond.) + Q(conv. + reradi.)
Where,
I = Heat flux falling (W/M2)
T = Heat of amount trans. From glass plate
α= Fraction which is absorbed by absorber plate
A = Area of Plate
Q(u) = Useful heat gain
Q(cond.) & Q(conv.+reradi.) = losses

10. Major Uses of Solar Energy
Daylight
Drying Agricultural Products
Space Heating
Water Heating
Generating Electrical Power
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)
Photovoltaics

11. Advantages of Solar
Energy
 Clean
 Sustainable
 Free
 Provide electricity to remote places

12. Disadvantages of Solar
Energy
Less efficient and costly equipment
Part Time
Reliability Depends On Location
Environmental Impact of PV Cell
Production

13. INDIAN SCENERIO
 Most parts of India receive
good solar radiation 4- 7
kWh/sq. m/day
 Possible to meet growing
energy demands and cover
deficit areas
 Can substantially reduce
consumption of kerosene and
diesel for lighting and power
generation
 Provide access and
empowerment at grass root
level

14. CRYSTALLINE SILICON SOLAR
MODULE EFFICIENCY
TYPICAL IN PRODUCTION
INTERNATIONAL
INDIAN
• SINGLE CRYSTAL 15 – 20.4 %
14 – 17 %
• MULTI CRYSTAL 13 – 16%
13 – 16%

15. SOLAR ENERGY CENTRE
 Solar Energy Centre (SEC) near New Delhi under the
Ministry is the lead Centre for testing and training in
solar energy in the country
 SEC has NABL accredited testing facilities for PV
module qualification as per Indian and International
standards
 SEC is imparting training in solar energy at various
levels
 SEC is regularly conducting international training
programmes in solar energy
 Demonstration of several solar PV and thermal
applications including setting up of 1 MW capacity solar
thermal simulation and validation facility at SEC is
under progress

16. Conclusions
Indian policies have created investment
friendly environment in the country for
entire range of activities announced under
the Mission
India centric R&D and local manufacturing
necessary to reduce the cost to achieve grid
parity preferably by 2016-17
Partnerships necessary with global
stakeholders
India to be a major global player in PV
technology

17. THANKS