This document summarizes the structure and magnetic properties of the Sun. It describes the core, radiative zone, and convective zone in the Sun's interior. It also discusses the photosphere, chromosphere, corona, and heliosphere that make up the Sun's atmosphere. The document then focuses on the Sun's magnetic field and how sunspots and solar activity vary in a approximately 11-year cycle. It introduces the alpha-omega dynamo model to explain how differential rotation and plasma currents generate and maintain the Sun's magnetic field through self-exciting dynamo action.
Presentation of Polarization of Light.
Please send comments to solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
For more presentations on different subjects visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
This presentation is in the Optics folder.
Hello, I am Subhajit Pramanick. I and my classmate, Shivani Gupta, both presented this ppt in seminar of our university, Banaras Hindu University. Here it is the experiment how to determine Synodic and Sidereal time period of rotation of the Sun by tracing Sun spots. This presentation consists both the theory as well as experiment part. We hope you will all enjoy by reading this presentation. Thank you.
Presentation of Polarization of Light.
Please send comments to solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
For more presentations on different subjects visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
This presentation is in the Optics folder.
Hello, I am Subhajit Pramanick. I and my classmate, Shivani Gupta, both presented this ppt in seminar of our university, Banaras Hindu University. Here it is the experiment how to determine Synodic and Sidereal time period of rotation of the Sun by tracing Sun spots. This presentation consists both the theory as well as experiment part. We hope you will all enjoy by reading this presentation. Thank you.
Tis ppt gives u a brief glance on the following topics:
Escape Speed
Earth Satellites
Geostationary And Polar Satellites
Weightlessness
If u want to download the ppt mail me to raviteja711@gmail.com
Contents
Magnets, Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines
Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
The Hall Effect
Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
Torque on a Current Loop: Motors and Meters
Magngetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere‘s Law
Magnetic Force between Two Parallel Conductors
Describe the difference between the north and south poles of a magnet.
Describe how magnetic poles interact with each other.
Define Ferromagnet.
Describe the role of magnetic domain in magnetization.
Describe the relationship between electricity and magnetism.
Reflection and Refraction of Optical Rays.
For comments, please contact me at solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
For more presentations on different topics visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
This presentation is in the Optics folder.
Interference is the superposition of two or more waves producing a resultant disturbance that is the sum of the overlapping wave contribution.
For comments please contact me at solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
A few Figures were not downloaded. I recommend to see the presentation on my website in Optics folder.
For more presentations on different subjects visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
Tis ppt gives u a brief glance on the following topics:
Escape Speed
Earth Satellites
Geostationary And Polar Satellites
Weightlessness
If u want to download the ppt mail me to raviteja711@gmail.com
Contents
Magnets, Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines
Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
The Hall Effect
Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
Torque on a Current Loop: Motors and Meters
Magngetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere‘s Law
Magnetic Force between Two Parallel Conductors
Describe the difference between the north and south poles of a magnet.
Describe how magnetic poles interact with each other.
Define Ferromagnet.
Describe the role of magnetic domain in magnetization.
Describe the relationship between electricity and magnetism.
Reflection and Refraction of Optical Rays.
For comments, please contact me at solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
For more presentations on different topics visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
This presentation is in the Optics folder.
Interference is the superposition of two or more waves producing a resultant disturbance that is the sum of the overlapping wave contribution.
For comments please contact me at solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
A few Figures were not downloaded. I recommend to see the presentation on my website in Optics folder.
For more presentations on different subjects visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
What is greenhouse effect ?
Is greenhouse effect have a serious impact on human health?
What we have to do to reduce the greenhouse effect ?
This simple presentation helps to understand the basic facts about greenhouse effect.
PHY 1301, Physics I 1 Course Learning Outcomes forajoy21
PHY 1301, Physics I 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
7. Describe fundamental thermodynamic concepts.
7.1 Explain the various heat transfer mechanisms with practical examples.
7.2 Recognize the ideal gas law and apply it to daily life.
7.3 Describe the relationship between kinetic energy and the Kelvin temperature.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
7.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Unit VII PowerPoint Presentation
7.2
Unit Lesson
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Unit VII PowerPoint Presentation
7.3
Unit Lesson
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Unit VII PowerPoint Presentation
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 13: The Transfer of Heat, pp. 360–379
Chapter 14: The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory, pp. 380–400
Unit Lesson
UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE
Heat Mechanism and Kinetic Theory
PHY 1301, Physics I 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
The Three Methods to Transfer Heat
The above image illustrates the three heat transfer methods. The sun heats the Earth by radiation, the
surface of the Earth heats the air by conduction, and the warm air rises by convection.
What is heat? Heat is energy that moves from a high-temperature object to a low-temperature object. Its unit
is the Joule (J), but sometimes it is measured with the kilocalorie (kcal). The conversion factor between the
two units is 1 kcal = 4186 J. The transfer of heat is processed by the following mechanisms.
Conduction is the process in which heat is transferred through a material. The atoms or molecules in a hotter
part of the material have greater energy than those in a colder part of the material, and thus the energy is
transferred from the hotter place to the colder place. Notice that the bulk motion of the material has nothing to
do with this process. You can easily find examples of conduction. A radiator in your house is one of them. If
you put an object on the radiator, the object will become warmer. Another example is when you pour the
brewed hot coffee into a cold cup; the heat from the hot coffee makes the cup itself hot.
The heat Q conducted during a time t through a bar of length L and cross-sectional area A is expressed as
Q = kA (dT) t / L. Here, k is thermal conductivity, and it depends on the substance; dT is the temperature
difference between the higher temperature and the lower temperature of the bar.
Convection is the process in which heat is transferred by the bulk motion of a fluid. According to the ideal gas
law for constant pressure, the volume (V) is proportional to the temperature (T). V increases as T increases,
and the density decreases within the constant mass. Warm air rises and cooler air goes down; this circulation
makes the energy transported. The generated energy from the center of the sun is transported by convection
near the photosphere. Cool gas sinks while bubbles of hot gas rise. There is a patchwork patte ...
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
2. Characteristics
Core : nuclear fusion extend
from center to ~ 0.2R
Radiative zone : from 0.2R to
0.7R, heat transfert is only
thermal radiation.
Convective zone : from 0.7R to
the sun ‘s surface du soleil, heat
ltransfert is only thermal
convection
Photosphere : is the visible surface
of the sun ~ 400 km width ,
Solar atmosphere includes : the
chromosphere , the coronna and
the heliosphere
3. The solar atmosphere
Chromosphere : low T from
4000 K to100000 T , width
~ 2000 km
Coronna : High T 1 billion
K , chaotic mouvement , can
be seen as halo during a total
solar eclipse
Heliosphere : is the region
from 20R to above..
5. Solar magnetic field : key element to
understand the sun
Magnetism, or magnetic field, is produced on the Sun by the
flow of electrically charged ions and electrons
Events are :
Sunspots are places where very intense magnetic lines of force
break through the Sun's surface.
The sunspot cycle results from the recycling of magnetic fields
by the flow of material in the interior.
The prominences seen floating above the surface of the Sun are
supported, and threaded through, with magnetic fields. The
streamers and loops seen in the corona are shaped by magnetic
fields
6. Sunspots history
Early observations have been recorded by Asian
astronomers (-28 BC) and in Europe in the ‘moyen
Age’ then in 1611 in details par Christoph Scheiner
and Galileo in 1612 with his astronomic telescope.
The astonomic Observatory of Zurich continue to
observe and records these sunspots.
The sunspot itself can be divided into two parts:
The central umbra, which is the darkest part, where
the magnetic field is approximately vertical (normal to
the sun's surface).
The surrounding penumbra, which is lighter, where
the magnetic field lines are more inclined.
7. The sunspot cycle Dalton
Minimun
In 1843 the astronomer Heinrich Schwabe after he
records these sunspots remarks a cycle of about 11
years
In 1849 the Swiss astronomer Johan Rudolf Wolf
establish a formula to calculate the solar activity since
year 1761
The sunspot number = number of spot’s group x
number of each group
Also the Royal Greenwich Observatory records these
sunspots which contains not only the number but also
size and position. In the beginning of the cycle
thesesunspots appears at high altitude in the 2
hemispheres (~ at 40 ).During the cycle the sunspots
will then move near the equator until the next cycle .
This gives us the the butterfly diagram ---->
From these datas the astromers finds that the velocity
rotation at the equator is higher than in the poles.
8. Relation between sunspots and
magnetic field
Hale in 1908 was the first who tougth
that a high magnetic fields is located in
the sunspots ( until 4kG) .these are flux
tube coming to or from.They are
organised by doublet aligned
East/West direction.
Hale-Nicholson Law:
1/the polarity of these doublet are
always opposite (bipolar)
2/the order of the polarity is inversed
from one hemisphere to the other
3/the polarity of the bipolar are
inversed from one cycle of 11 years to
the other ---> the cycle of the
magnetic field is de 22 years.
9. The solar dynamo
The fact that the Sun's magnetic field changes dramatically over the course of
just a few years, and the fact that it changes in a cyclical manner indicates that
the magnetic field continues to be generated within the Sun ---->dynamo
A successful model for the solar dynamo must explain several observations:
1) the 11-year period of the sunspot cycle,
2) the equator-ward drift of the active latitude as seen in the butterfly diagram,
3) Hale's polarity law and the 22-year magnetic cycle,
4) Joy's law for the observed tilt of sunspot groups and,
5) the reversal of the polar magnetic fields near the time of cycle maximum as
seen in the magnetic butterfly diagram
10. The dynamo disk
In the years of 1831–1832, Michael Faraday
discovered the operating principle of
electromagnetic generators
Faraday disk, the first electric generator
When the disk was turns , this induced a
radial electric current. The current flows out
through the contacts , through the external
circuit, and come back into the center of the
disk through the axis.
But is it possible that the current generated
by this process generates also the magnetic
field that the system need ? This is the
mecanism proposed by Larmor in 1919 to
explain the solar magnetic field and this can
be illustrated by the Bullard dynamo (1949)
11. The Bullard dynamo disc (1949)
A conducting disk rotates around its
axis at the angular velocity Omega A
small magnetic field is applied in the
vertical direction which induces a
current in the disk from the axis
towards the edge of the conducting
disk.
Then this current flows in a conducting
loop which if orientated in an
appropriate way, induced a magnetic
field orientated in the same direction as
the initial one.
Thus an infinitesimal magnetic field
can be amplified by this mechanism,
leading to a dynamo
12. The 2 effects
Magnetic fields are produced by electric currents.
These currents are generated within the Sun by
the flow of the Sun's hot, ionized gases. We
observe a variety of flows on the Sun's surface
and within its interior . All of these flows may
contribute in one way or another to the
production of the Sun's magnetic field.
Magnetic fields are a little like rubber bands.
They consist of continuous loops of lines of
force that have both tension and pressure. Like
rubber bands, magnetic fields can be
strengthened by stretching them, twisting them,
and folding them back on themselves. This
stretching, twisting, and folding is done by the
fluid flows within the Sun.
2 effects ( Alpha and Omega ) have been
identified for the solar dynamo :
What is these 2 effects ?
.
13. The Omega Effect
Magnetic fields within the
Sun are stretched out and
wound around the Sun by
differential rotation - the
change in rotation rate as a
function of latitude and
radius within the Sun. This is
called the omega-effect after
the Greek letter used to
represent rotation.
14. The Alpha Effect
Twisting of the magnetic field lines
is caused by the effects of the Sun's
rotation. This is called the alpha-
effect after the Greek letter that
looks like a twisted loop. length.
15. The Alpha Omega dynamo scheme
Combining the 2 effects lead to the Alpha Omega Dynamo
Omega effect
Bpoloidal
Btoroidal
Alpha effect
16. Conclusion
The study of the sunspots
has began long time ago but
we still have some questions
about predictions of the
magnitude of the sunspots ,
the depth and how the
energy is transported to the
surface of the sun .
A lot of models have been
proposed but none of them
is accepted by all
astronomers .
These small sunspots have
still long story ...