Solar prominences are huge loops of solar material that extend outward from the sun's surface. They can be several miles wide and tall. Prominences form over timescales of about a day and contain cooler plasma than the corona, appearing as bright features against the dark sky. The largest prominence observed was over 350,000 km long. Prominences are anchored in the photosphere by magnetic fields and supported against gravity, existing at boundaries between magnetic polarities. They can persist in the corona for several months before erupting.
Contents
Introduction to Pulsar.
Properties of pulsar.
Discovery of pulsar.
Formation of pulsar from neutron star.
Crab pulsar & Binary pulsar.
Mechanism & radiating process of pulsar.
Application & Milestone.
Contents
Introduction to Pulsar.
Properties of pulsar.
Discovery of pulsar.
Formation of pulsar from neutron star.
Crab pulsar & Binary pulsar.
Mechanism & radiating process of pulsar.
Application & Milestone.
This presentation is about landslide and i prepared this to know about the knowledge of landslide and how to do during landslide for safe. I hope to see your comments.
Please write a full essay describing the following phenomen solar and.pdfthangarajarivukadal
Please write a full essay describing the following phenomen solar and how the Sun\'s magnetic
field produces each of prominences, solar flares, CME\'s and auroras.
Solution
The sun, like the earth, generates a magnetic field that extends out into space. However, the
sun\'s magnetic field changes both its shape and intensity over the surface, and over time, much
more rapidly.In the Sun, the flows of hot plasma in the convection zone create the solar magnetic
field. The plasma is a hot gas \"soup\" with many free charged particles (electrons and protons).
The moving charges are a current, and produce magnetic fields, just like the current in coils of
wire around the nail. What\'s different in the sun? The convection current is driven by the heat
from the Sun\'s fusion, instead of a battery.
Sunspots are regions of very strong magnetic field, where the field lines get so crowded together
that they push up through the surface, bringing some of the hot plasma with them in a spectacular
arc, or loop. We see the end of the loop as a sunspot on the sun\'s visible surface, or photosphere.
This dense bundle of field lines creates huge magnetic pressures. What is magnetic pressure? We
know what pressure is in a gas: if you compress some gas, like squeezing a balloon, it tries to
push out again.
A solar flare is a magnetic storm on the Sun which appears to be a very bright spot and a gaseous
surface eruption. Solar flares release huge amounts of high-energy particles and gases and are
tremendously hot (from 3.6 million to 24 million °F). They are ejected thousands of miles from
the surface of the Sun.
A solar prominence (also known as a filament) is an arc of gas that erupts from the surface of the
Sun. Prominences can loop hundreds of thousands of miles into space. Prominences are held
above the Sun\'s surface by strong magnetic fields and can last for many months. At some time
in their existence, most prominences will erupt, spewing enormous amounts of solar material
into space.
The outer solar atmosphere, the corona, is structured by strong magnetic fields. Where these
fields are closed, often above sunspot groups, the confined solar atmosphere can suddenly and
violently release bubbles of gas and magnetic fields called coronal mass ejections. A large CME
can contain a billion tons of matter that can be accelerated to several million miles per hour in a
spectacular explosion. Solar material streams out through the interplanetary medium, impacting
any planet or spacecraft in its path. CMEs are sometimes associated with flares but can occur
independently..
Maybe too in-depth for most elementary students, but very good broad coverage for teacher background or more advanced students in elementary or middle school.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Solar Prominence
1. -Solar prominence
Solar Prominence is a huge loop of solar material extending
from the sun. Again, these are several miles wide and tall.
A prominence is a large bright feature extending outward from the Sun's surface, often
in a loop configuration. Prominences are anchored to the Sun's surface in the
photosphere, and extend outwards into the Sun's corona. While the corona consists of
extremely hot ionized gases, known as plasma, which do not emit much visible light,
prominences contain much cooler plasma, similar in composition to that of the
chromosphere. A prominence forms over timescales of about a day, and stable
prominences may persist in the corona for several months. Some prominences break apart
and give rise to coronal mass ejections.A typical prominence extends over many
thousands of kilometers; the largest observed by SOHO was seen in 1997 and was some
350,000 km (216,000 miles) long [1]
- some 28 times the diameter of the Earth. The mass
contained within a prominence is typically of the order of 100 billion tonnes of
material.If a prominence occurs on the disc of the sun it appears darker than its
background (due to the lower temperature of the plasma). These are referred to as solar
filaments.
Solar activity » Prominences
Prominences are among the most beautiful of solar phenomena. They are the analogues
of clouds in the Earth’s atmosphere, but they are supported by magnetic fields, rather
than by thermal currents as clouds are. Because the plasma of ions and electrons that
makes up the solar atmosphere cannot cross magnetic field lines in regions of horizontal
magnetic fields, material is supported against gravity. This occurs at the boundaries
between one magnetic polarity and its opposite, where the connecting field lines reverse
direction. Thus, prominences are reliable indicators of sharp field transitions. (The fields
are either up or down; tilted fields are unusual.) As with the chromosphere, prominences
are transparent in white light and, except during total eclipses, must be viewed in Hα. At
eclipse the red Hα line lends a beautiful pink to the prominences visible at totality. The
density of prominences is much lower than that of the photosphere; there are few
collisions to generate radiation. Prominences absorb radiation from below and emit it in
all directions, a process called pure scattering. The visible light emitted toward Earth at
the limb has been removed from the upward beam, so the prominences appear dark
2. against the disk. But the sky is darker still, so they appear bright against the sky. The
temperature of prominences is 5,000–50,000 K. In the past, when radiative processes
were not well understood, prominences seen dark against the disk were called filaments.
There are two basic types of prominences: (1) quiescent, or long-lived, and (2) transient.
The former are associated with large-scale magnetic fields, marking the boundaries of
unipolar magnetic regions or sunspot groups. Because the large unipolar plates are long-
lived, the quiescent prominences are as well. These prominences may have varied forms
—hedgerows, suspended clouds, or funnels—but they always take the form of two-
dimensional suspended sheets. Stable filaments often become unstable and erupt, but they
may also just fade away. Few quiescent prominences live more than a few days, but new
ones may form on the magnetic boundary.The equilibrium of the longer lived
prominences is indeed curious. While one might expect them to eventually fall down,
they always erupt upwards. This is because all unattached magnetic fields have a
tremendous buoyancy and attempt to leave the Sun. When they do escape, they produce
not only a splendid sight but also a transient shock wave in the corona called a coronal
mass ejection, which can cause important geomagnetic effects.Transient prominences are
an integral part of solar activity. Sprays are the disorganized mass of material ejected by a
flare. Surges are collimated streams of ejecta connected with small flares. In both cases
some of the material returns to the surface. Loop prominences are the aftermath of flares.
In the flare process a barrage of electrons heats the surface to millions of degrees and a
hot (more than 10 million K), dense coronal cloud forms. This emits very strongly,
cooling the material, which then, since there is no magnetic support, descends to the
surface in elegant loops, following the magnetic lines of force.The spectrum of
prominences seen against the sky reflects their history. Quiescent prominences have no
source of energy except some conduction from the corona, which is a small effect
because heat cannot cross the field lines. The spectrum is similar to the chromosphere,
except in the chromosphere, spicule motions produce broad lines, while the prominence
lines are quite narrow until they erupt, indicating little internal motion. Surges and sprays
also usually display low excitation because they are often cool material seized and
ejected by magnetic forces. Loop prominences, on the other hand, are cooling from a
very hot post-flare coronal condensation and have just become visible. Thus, they show
high-excitation lines of ionized helium and strong ultraviolet emission, as befits a gas at
30,000 to 100,000 K.
Image gallery
Solar Prominence
Detached Solar
A limb's flare and after-
flare prominence
Major eruptive
prominence (Skylab1973)