solar based drip ppt.pptx

WATER TECHNOLOGY CENTRE,PJTSAU
Solar Based Irrigation SystemFor
Energy PovertyAlleviation
AWM-504
PressurizedIrrigation And Design

INTRODUCTION :
• The world population is expected to increase from approximately 7 billion to between 8.8
to 10 billion by 2050, an astounding 25−43% within the next 30 years .
• With this population increase, a greater increase in food and water consumption is
inevitable. Food consumption, and therefore water consumption, is expected to roughly
double by 2050.
• This demand was observed between the 20th and 21st century when the world population
nearly tripled, and consequentially the water consumption increased by six fold.
• It is estimated that irrigation accounts for over 85% of worldwide water consumption and
on average, water consumption for food growth is 70 times higher than that of domestic
usage.

• For developing countries such as India, a large portion of the country is not connected to
the electrical grid.
• Because of this demand for off-the-grid irrigation systems, we should focus mainly on
solar-powered irrigation systems.
• Using solar as an energy source is an attractive alternative because of its cleanliness,
ubiquitousness , and relatively high reliability. Solar energy is the most abundant source of
energy in the World.
• Solar Power is not only an answer to today’s energy crisis but also an environmental
friendly form of energy.
• Photovoltaic generation is an efficient approach for using the solar energy.

• Solar powered irrigation system can be a suitable alternative for farmers in the present
state of energy crisis automatic irrigation system using solar power which drives water
pumps to pump water from bore well to a tank and the outlet valve of tank is automatically
regulated using controller and moisture sensor to control the flow rate of water from the
tank to the irrigation field which optimizes the use of water.
• Solar energy might be one of the easiest ways for farmers to produce energy. Therefore, the
use of solar energy in agriculture is becoming increasingly popular and the energy produced
from this renewable source can be used either on the farm or in the local power grid,
providing the farmer with an additional income.

Components of the solar powered irrigation system:
 A solar generator i.e., a pv panel or array of panels to generate electricity.
 A mountain arrangement for PV panels , fixed or equipped with solar tracking system to
maximize the solar energy yield.
 A pump controller
 Electric motor
 Surface or submersible water pump
 Distribution system and storage tank for irrigation water.

Advantages Of Using A Solar Powered Irrigation System
 Extremely low operating cost
Since solar power is absolutely free, farmers can save on expensive nonrenewable energy
such as gas, diesel, and commercial grid.
 Clean and safe
SPIS is environment-friendly because it does not require fuels that emit harmful substances
such as Carbon Dioxide that may contribute to further damage to the environment and noise
pollution compared to traditional water pumps that use diesel and gas.
 Accessible and sustainable
Enough sunlight reaches the Earth that is why solar energy is totally renewable and
accessible.
 Reliable
The life span of solar panels can be at least 25 years

 Time-saving
Compared to conventional water pumps, the solar water pumps require very low maintenance
that allowed farmers to save time because irrigation operations are no longer done manually.
 Alternative source of income
Farmers can sell surplus energy generated from the solar panels to the grid.
 Increase crop production
SPIS has the potential to provide higher yields than rain-fed agriculture most especially in
areas with less to no rainfall.
 Increase property value
Studies have shown that properties with SPIS would increase the asset’s resale value and
makes the property attractive to buyers.

Barriers For The Extensive Utilization Of Solar-Powered Irrigation System
 Relatively high initial investment cost
Solar power is FREE.
But unfortunately, because of the high manufacturing cost, the minimum earning farmers cannot afford to
install panels for their irrigation system.
Moreover, finance is not accessible and affordable for all.
 Vulnerable to theft
Solar panels often stolen, just like in African countries and often not covered by insurance
 Unawareness that there is an alternative solution
Farmers, especially in far-flung areas, are unaware that there an alternative solution to irrigation problems such
as the SPIS
 Knowledge and information gap
Farmers need to be trained because the operation and maintenance of SPIS require an optimal degree of
technical knowledge and skill.
 Limited access to distributors and installation services
Distributors, extension services or private service suppliers are not available especially in rural areas.

Solar Powered Smart Irrigation Monitoring System Using IoT
• The Solar-Powered Smart Irrigation System aims to provide
an IoT solution in automating the watering process using
an Arduino-based microcontroller and sensors.
• It is an energy efficient and eco-friendly system that
generates electricity from the photovoltaic cells to supply
water to the plants from the water pumps. The watering
process is driven by the moisture content of the soil using
sensors.
• With the integration of IoT, automated irrigation can be
easily access and remotely monitored over the mobile
application through a wireless communication device.
• With these smart irrigation techniques, it replaces the
traditional irrigation system that helps decrease the
manual intervention and mistakes.

• With the global energy crisis, initiative for moving towards application of renewable
resources carried out as possible solution. Investing on zero-carbon emission and using
energy efficient products.
• The solar powered smart irrigation system using IoT demonstrates a collection of data
using sensors for productivity and efficiency.
• The generates a clean energy by utilizing the solar generation technology which improves
cost management and waste reduction for overall improved system performance.
• The system also allows monitoring the irrigation process without manual intervention
hence achieving optimized results and more efficient use of water resources.
• The system is set to deliver a more productive and sustainable irrigation method and
beneficial to the environment.

Major ongoing schemes:
Roof Top Solar (RTS) Programme
Rooftop Phase-I of this programme was launched on 30th December, 2015 in which incentives
and subsidies were provided for residential, institutional and social sectors. For Government
sector, achievement linked incentives were also provided.
Solar Parks:
The Ministry introduced the Solar Parks programme with the objective of facilitating solar
project developers to set up projects in a plug-and-play model. The scheme for development of
solar parks has a target capacity of 40 GW.
Green Energy Corridors
To facilitate evacuation of electricity from RE projects, Green Energy Corridor scheme was
launched in 2015 for setting up of transmission and evacuation infrastructure. The Inter-State
Transmission System (ISTS) component consisting of 3200 ckm transmission lines and 17,000
MVA substations has been completed in March 2020.

Greening of Islands
The Government intends to fully convert Andaman and Nicobar, Lakshadweep islands to Green
Energy where energy needs will be met using RE sources. The Greening of Islands programme
aims to deploy 52 MW of distributed grid-connected solar PV power projects by March 2021.
NEW AREAS
One Sun One World One Grid “We have a dream called One World, One Sun One Grid. We
can generate round the clock electricity from the sun as it sets in one part of the world but rises
in another part. The sun never sets for the entire earth.” Hon’ble Prime Minister has envisioned
the concept of One Sun One World One Grid (OSOWOG), a transnational electricity grid
supplying solar power across the globe in order to make use of availability of sunshine in
different neighbouring countries at different times.

Fig: Aerial view of Pavagada Solar Park
Roof top solar programme

The PM-KUSUM Scheme was launched in 2019 with 3 components:
Component-A: For Setting up of 10,000 MW of Decentralized Grid Connected Renewable
Energy Power Plants on barren land. Under this component, renewable energy based power
plants (REPP) of capacity 500 kW to 2 MW will be setup by individual farmers/ group of
farmers/ cooperatives/ panchayats/ Farmer Producer Organisations (FPO)/Water User
associations (WUA) on barren/fallow land. These power plants can also be installed on
cultivable land on stilts where crops can also be grown below the solar panels. The renewable
energy power project will be installed within five km radius of the sub-stations in order to
avoid high cost of sub-transmission lines and to reduce transmission losses. The power
generated will be purchased by local DISCOM at pre-fixed tariff

Component-B: For Installation of 17.50 Lakh stand-alone solar agriculture pumps. Under this
Component, individual farmers will be supported to install standalone solar Agriculture
pumps of capacity up to 7.5 HP for replacement of existing diesel Agriculture pumps /
irrigation systems in off-grid areas, where grid supply is not available. Pumps of capacity
higher than 7.5 HP can also be installed, however, the financial support will be limited to 7.5
HP capacity
Component-C: For Solarization of 10 Lakh Grid Connected Agriculture Pumps. Under this
Component, individual farmers having grid connected agriculture pump will be supported to
solarize pumps. The farmer will be able to use the generated solar power to meet the
irrigation needs and the excess solar power will be sold to DISCOMs at pre-fixed tariff

Expected outcomes
PM-KUSUM will bring along the following reform/ improvements:
 Day-time reliable power for irrigation
 De-Dieselization Of Farm Sector By Replacing Diesel Pumps With Solar
Pumps
 Enhancing Farmers’ Income
 Curbing Climate Change
 Boosting Domestic Solar Manufacturing
 Reducing The Import Bill
 Soft Loan And Benefits In Conjunction With Other Government Schemes

Variation of discharge of solar pump with solar radiation at different times of a day

Area covers by irrigation system under different solar radiation respectively discharges
ICAR-Central institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal. K.V.RAO et al.(2019)

• The study concludes that if the installed solar panels exclusively used for water pumping
the effective field efficiency is 14.25% though the power generation efficiency of the
system is 71.80%. It is therefore, recommended to plan for alternate use of trapped solar
energy for other purposes during non pumping hours for enhancing the field efficiency of
solar power.
• Use of solar power facilitated to cover maximum area with drip irrigation followed by
portable sprinkler, where as conventional flood irrigation resulted in covering lesser area
as compared to micro irrigation systems.

Operating
pressure
heads,m
Emitter type Parameter
Qver % CV,
dimensionless
EU,% CU,% DU,%
1 T-Tape 20.59 0.122 76.30 90.83 90.33
Eva –flow 12.54 0.071 85.95 94.61 94.53
Flag-dripper 14.73 0.084 83.36 93.68 93.35
1.5 T-tape 15.45 0.130 73.24 90.86 87.77
Eva-flow 13.81 0.078 84.41 94.25 93.63
Flag-dripper 32.37 0.191 77.82 86.43 79.64
2 T-tape 12.48 0.068 85.89 95.03 94.04
Eva-flow 14.77 0.083 83.24 93.93 93.00
Flag-dripper 42.12 0.264 47.17 80.66 70.98
Effect of operating pressure heads and type of emitter on qver CV, EU, CU and DU at different
lateral types in maize crop:
Qver-Flow rate variation of emitter; CV-coefficient of manufacturers variation; EU-emission uniformity; CU-christianseen
uniform coefficient; DU-distribution uniformity.

Operating pressure
heads,m
Emitter type Paramater
Plant height,m Mass of 100 kernels
, g
Yield, kg/m2 IWUE, kg/m2
1 T-tape 2.00 27.54 0.643 1.32
Eva-flow 2.22 30.94 0.833 1.71
Flag-dripper 2.24 27.81 0.658 1.35
1.5 T-tape 2.18 27.54 0.643 1.32
Eva-flow 2.17 35.71 0.722 1.49
Flag-dripper 2.15 28.19 0.649 1.33
2 T-tape 2.31 32.04 0.748 1.54
Eva-flow 2.05 28.75 0.671 1.38
Flag-dripper 2.05 26.18 0.611 1.26
Effect of different lateral lines on some of maize crop parameters and irrigation water use efficiency:
A.M Okasha et al.(2016)
Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.

Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4
Energy cost
Total 475,085.1 330,667.9 224,440.4 134,257.9
Sector 1 82,617.3 17,731.6 91,797.0
Sector 2 248,050.6 206,708.8 42,461.0
Energy cost per area 118.8 82.7 56.1 33.6
Economic saving 0 30.4 52.8 71.7
Solar photovoltaic
power
1.0 2.1
Investment 1.3 2.8
Financial viability
Net present value 288,425 1,276,000
Internal rate of return 9.1 12.2
Payback years 10 8
Energy cost analysis of different scenarios installed in citrus orchards :
Cobo, M.T.C et al.(2014)
University of Córdoba, Spain.

Fig; Data of lifecycle cost estimation of PVP and gasoline pumps in rice crop.
Nikzad et al. (2017)
Department of mechanical engineering ,Iran .

Life cycle costs of diesel and solar PV-operated pumps

Diesel pumps Solar pumps
BCR NPV IRR BCR NPV IRR
1.31 13,423 71 1.91 13,756 80
Net present value (NPV), benefit cost ratio (BCR) andinternal rate of return (IRR) at 15 % discount factor
M. A. Hossain et al.(2015)
Farm Machinery and Postharvest Process Engineering Division, Bangladesh

• The photovoltaic system operated for a period of 168 days and was able to supply the full
water allocation to the experimental field (1000 m3 ha1 ; 1714 m3 ha1 and 1795 m3 ha1 ,
for sector 1, sector 2 and sector 3, respectively) and provide the power requirements to
each sector (5.94 kW, 12.39 kW and 9.6 kW for S1, S2 and S3, respectively).
• In 7 days, the irradiation level was insufficient to satisfy crop irrigation requirements.
However, on the irrigation schedule was updated on only 2 of these days, thus increasing
the irrigation time programmed for the following days since the soil water content was not
sufficient to fulfill the non-satisfied irrigation volume.
• These results indicate that the system behaved very satisfactorily. Moreover, the
substitution of the electricity grid for a 15.4 kW peak power photovoltaic installation during
the entire irrigation season (602 h and 20 min) avoided the emission of 1.2 t CO2 eq.
• The main finding of this work is that solar irrigation in areas with appropriate irradiance
levels is a feasible alternative to use renewable energy sources, when tools like SPIM are
available, increasing the sustainability and profitability of irrigated agriculture.
university of Cordoba , Spain A.M.Garcia et al.(2017)

Year by Year Total Cost Comparison for SPPS versus a Diesel Generator System

Conclusion:
• Solar-powered irrigation technology has been gaining interest worldwide and governments
have been promoting strategies to promote renewable energy solutions, including solar
energy.
• In the agricultural sector, solar-powered irrigation can be particularly successful to
overcome the frequently occurring energy shortages causing disruption of supply needed
for lifting and distributing irrigation water.
• Challenges, however, remain in the monitoring and governance of abstraction through
water pumping systems. Nevertheless, sustainably managed solar-powered irrigation,
ultimately, represents a reliable, cost-effective and environmentally sustainable solution to
reduce farmers’ vulnerability to energy shortages that hampers production capacity.

• Rao, K.V.R., Aherwar, P., Jena, P.C., Soni, K and Gangwar, S., 2019. Utilization of Solar Power for Operating Micro Irrigation
Systems. International Journal Current Microbiological Applied Sciences. 8(2):3443-3448.
• Okasha, A.M., 2016. Performance of a small drip irrigation system powered by solar photovoltaic for corn production.
Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 33(4):1369-1386.
• Cobo, M.T.C., Poyato, E.C., Barrios, M.P.M and Díaz, J.A.R., 2014. Assessing the potential of solar energy in pressurized
irrigation networks. The case of Bembézar MI irrigation district (Spain). Spanish journal of agricultural research, (3):838-
849.
• Hossain, M.A., Hassan, M.S., Mottalib, M.A and Hossain, M., 2015. Feasibility of solar pump for sustainable irrigation in
Bangladesh. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 6(2):147-155.
• Nikzad, A., Chahartaghi, M and Ahmadi, M.H., 2019. Technical, economic, and environmental modeling of solar water
pump for irrigation of rice in Mazandaran province in Iran: A case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 239:118007.
• García, A.M., García, I.F., Poyato, E.C., Barrios, P.M and Díaz, J.R., 2018. Coupling irrigation scheduling with solar energy
production in a smart irrigation management system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 175:670-682.

solar based drip ppt.pptx

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