Sojib's english spoken [www.onlinebcs.com]

Sojib’s English spoken
Basic spoken Page 1
Prepared by
Sojib Mollik & Rubel Hossain
Bswjk †¯úv‡Kb †ZgbUv KwVb bq †hgbUv Avcwb g‡b K‡i fq cv‡”Qb! GUvi 90%n‡jv
Abykxjb Gi Dc‡i | Avcwb hw` fv‡jvfv‡e Bs‡iwR‡Z K_v ej‡Z Pvb Z‡e Aek¨B wbqwgZ
PP©v Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq GKav‡i wkL‡eb Abäv‡i fzj‡eb|Kxfv‡e Bs‡iwR‡Z K_v ej‡Z
Pvb Zvi wKQzUv wbqg Avgiv GB †bv‡U w`‡qwQ Ges A‡bK †ewk †ewk Abykxjb w`‡qwQ
Avgv‡ì wbqwgZ †dBmeyK MÖæ‡c!
wKQz K_v:
Bs‡iwR MÖvgvi e¨wmK †_‡K ‡kLvi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì GKUv †dBmeyK MÖæc Av‡Q
†hLv‡b Avcwb cv‡eb:
1. e¨wmK Bs‡iwR †kLvi mnR c×wZ
2. ‡¯úv‡Kb †kLvi gRv`vi wbqg
3. Kxfv‡e evwb‡q Bs‡iwR wjL‡Z nq A_©vr wd« n¨vÛ ivBwUs
4. ‡WBwj ÷vi cwÎKvi wKQz †jLv hv wiwWs +ivwUs G `ÿ K‡i Mo‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e
5. wek^we`¨vj‡qi fwZ© cixÿvi cÖ¯`wZ
6. wewmGm mn †h †Kv‡bv PvKwi cixÿvi Bs‡iwR cÖ¯`wZ
7. Avcbv‡ì Bs‡iwR‡Z _vKv KbwdDmv‡bi mgvavb
-Sojib Mollik
Sojib’s English Spoken
Avgv‡ì MÕæcwUi bvg:
 Bs‡iwR `ye©j‡ì Rb¨ ÒENGLISH PLUS”
A_ev Avgv‡K †c‡Z:
 Sojib Mollik(FB ID Name)

Basic spoken Page 2
 Pj cÖ_‡g 13wU Problem Letters - Gi mwVK D”PviY wk‡L †bB
Letters Pronunciation In Words In Sentence
A GB Say, Day He wants to say that May day is a holiday.
F wb‡Pi †VuvU I Dc‡ii `vuZ w`‡q
D”PviY Ki‡Z n‡e
Fan, Fine The fan is fine.
V wb‡Pi †VuvU I Dc‡ii `vuZ w`‡q
D”PviY Ki‡Z n‡e
Valuable, Vote Vote is valuable.
G wR¡ (k³ K‡i D”PviY Ki‡Z
n‡e)
Gym, General The generous general went to the gym.
H GBP& (k³ K‡i D”PviY Ki‡Z
n‡e)
Catch, Touch You can touch me if you can catch me.
J ‡R¡B
(k³ K‡i D”PviY Ki‡Z
n‡e)
Jane, Jail Jane was jailed for two years.
P wd (`yB †Vvu‡U nVvr evZvm †ei
K‡i D”PviY)
Practice, Perfect Practice makes a man perfect.
T wV (nvjKv K‡i, wRnŸvi AvMv
gvwo‡Z †VwK‡q ejyb)
Try, Time Try to maintain time.
K ‡LB King, Queen The king killed the enemy.
Q wLD Quick, Question The queen asked a quick question.
O ID Go, Over Let’s go. Game is over.
R Av (‡k‡l i D”PviY nq bv) Father, Far, here Father was far from here.
W WvejBD Why, wish Why did you wish to win?
 a (GB
) AÿiwU ev‡K¨ Article wn‡m‡e Avm‡j Gi D”PviY n‡e ÕAvÕ (Lye `ªæZ D”PviY Ki‡Z n‡e) :
 He is a teacher. It‘s a pen.  He is a good man.
 ‡Kvb Bs‡iwR kã ‘ay’ w`‡q †kl ‘ay’ Gi D”PviY n‡e ÕGB
Õ :
Words Wrong
Pronunciation
Correct
Pronunciation
May ‡g ‡gB
Say ‡m ‡mB
Day ‡W ‡WB
Clay ‡K ‡K¬B
Lay ‡j ‡jB
Ray ‡i ‡iB
Hay ‡n ‡nB
Words Wrong
Pronunciation
Correct
Pronunciation
Way I‡q I‡qB
Pay ‡c ‡cB
Display wWm‡cø wWm‡cøB
Essay G‡m G‡mB
Gray ‡MÖ ‡MÖB
Friday d«vB‡W d«vB‡WB
Anyway GwbI‡q GwbI‡qB
Avgv‡`i MÕæcwUi bvg:
 Bs‡iwR `ye©j‡`i Rb¨ ÖENGLISH PLUS”
A_ev Avgv‡K †c‡Z:
 Sojib Mollik(FB ID Name)

Basic spoken Page 3
NB: Cambridge Pronouncing Dictionary-‡Z cÖvq
10,000 kã Av‡Q †h¸‡jv ‘-ay’ w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q| wewewm,
wmGbGb Gi wbDR †kvbvi mgq wKsev Bs‡iwR wm‡bgv †`Lvi
mgq †h kãMy‡jv ‘-ay’ w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q Zvi cÖ‡qvM †Lqvj
Ki‡e| hw`I Bs‡iwR k‡ãi D”PviY evsjvq †`Lv‡bv m¤¢e
bq, ZviciI wKQzUv aviYv cvevi Rb¨
D”Pvievsjvq†`Lv‡bvn‡q‡Q|
Practising English Letters with Alphabet :
a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o,
p q, r, s, t u, v, w, x, y, z,
 That is the English Alphabet.
Let us know the correct
Pronunciation Seven Days: NB: K¬v‡m wkþ‡Ki mv‡_ mv‡_ GKvwaKevi Practice Kivi ci evmvq wM‡q Practice Ki‡e Ges
cieZx© K¬v‡m fvj Performance Kivi cÖ¯`wZ wb‡q K¬v‡m Avm‡e|
Let‘s talk about days:
Nam
es of
Twel
ve
mon
ths:
NB:
K¬v‡m
wkÿ‡Ki
mv‡_
mv‡_
GKvwaK
evi
Practic
e Kivi
ci evmvq wM‡q Practice Ki‡e Ges cieZx© K¬v‡m fvj Performance Kivi cÖ¯`wZ wb‡q K¬v‡m Avm‡e|
hw` Bs‡iwR‡Z fv‡jv Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e Aek¨B g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e K_vwU:
 Bs‡iwRUv‡K mve‡R± bv a‡i GKUv fvlv wn‡m‡e aiæb |
Words Wrong
Pronunciation
Correct
Pronunciation
Holiday nwj‡W nwj‡WB
Midday wgW‡W wgW‡WB
Okay I‡L I‡LB
Play ‡cø ‡cøB
Bay ‡e ‡eB
Bad Day e¨vW †W e¨vW †WB
Saturday
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
SL Question Answer
1 What day is it today? Today’s Saturday.
2 What day will it be tomorrow? Tomorrow will be Sunday.
3 What day was it yesterday? Yesterday was Friday.
4 What day will it be the day after
tomorrow?
It will be Monday.
5 What day was it the day before
yesterday?
It was Thursday.
6 What‟s your holiday? Friday’s my holiday.
7 What‟s the last day of the week? Thursday’s the last day of the
week.
8 Which day is the Muslim‟s special
day?
It’s Friday.
9 What happened to you yesterday? I was sick.
10 When‟s your birthday? It’s personal.
11 When‟s your death day? Allah knows.
12 Will you come today? No, not today, tomorrow.
13 Why are you sad today? Because I met you today.
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

Basic spoken Page 4
Number (One – Twenty)
Names of Six Seasons
***Some important
words and their uses:
SL Words Sentences
1 Teacher He’s my English teacher.
2 Class Will you attend tomorrow’s class?
3 Brother What does your brother do? / What’s your brother?
4 Sister Is your sister married?
5 Mother My mother is cooking rice now.
6 Father My father’s a doctor.
7 School Can you remember your school days?
8 College I am a student of this college.
9 University He teaches in this university.
10 Time Please, come on time.
11 Television I watch a lot of television.
12 Computer Do you know how to operate a computer?
13 Love I love my country.
14 Hate I hate those who tell lies.
15 Please May I know your name please?
16 Song Can you sing a song?
17 Table Keep the book on the table?
18 Chair The man sat on that chair.
19 Pen May I use your pen?
20 Pencil Has anyone got any extra pencil?
21 Remember We’ll always remember you.
22 Attention Attentions please, ladies and gentlemen.
23 Sugar No sugar in my tea please.
24 Water Can I drink this water?
25 Serious I’m serious this time.
26 Movies Do you watch English movies?
27 Question Has anybody got any question to ask?
28 Answer I don’t have any answer to your question.
29 Shelter They need a shelter.
30 Best You are my best friend and you are everything to me.
31 God I believe in God.
32 Islam There is no place for extremism in Islam.
33 Muhammad Muhammad (Sm.) is the last Prophet of Islam.
34 Muslim Who is a Muslim? One who submits everything to Allah.
35 Friend He has few friends.
NB: K¬v‡m wkþ‡Ki mv‡_ mv‡_ GKvwaKevi Practice Kivi ci evmvq wM‡q Practice Ki‡e Ges cieZx© K¬v‡m fv‡jv
Performance Kivi cÕ¯`wZ wb‡q K¬v‡m Avm‡e|
Bs‡iwR MÖvgvi wkL‡Z cÕ_‡gB e¨wmK wkL‡Z n‡e|
One Eleven
Two Twelve
Three Thirteen
Four Fourteen
Five Fifteen
Six Sixteen
Seven Seventeen
Eight Eighteen
Nine Nineteen
Ten Twenty
Summer
Rainy
Autumn
Late Autumn
Winter
Spring

Basic spoken Page 5
Self-introduction
Assalamu alaikum/ good morning/ good afternoon/ good evening.
This is ______________________ (tell your full name) before you. I‟ m really happy to introduce myself in a
place like this. I‟m a student/ banker/ executive/ govt. employee/ manager etc. I live at Muradnagar in Comilla. I
am honest and hard-working and I like to take challenge. I am very friendly and extrovert in nature. I read
books and watch movies in my leisure time. I also enjoy travelling and sightseeing. I like to take Bangla foods
of any kind. White is my favorite color. I am learning Spoken English because a person cannot be smart if he/
she cannot speak English. That‟s all about me. Thank you for your patience hearing. Pray for me. Assalamu
alaikum.
Let’s know some common Expressions & Dialogues in English
Kx Lei?  What’s up? 2. Pvwj‡q hvI|  Carry on. 3. evn ! `viæb †Zv |  Wow ! 4. a¨v‡Ëwi !  Oh shit! 5. Avwg Avcbvi mv‡_
GKgZ |  I agree with you. 6. n¨vu, Zv wVK |  Yes, that’s right. 7. NUbvUv Avm‡j ZvB |  That‘s really the case. 8. G‡Kev‡iB
wVK e‡j‡Qb|  You‘re absolutely right. 9. mvevm!  Good job ! / Well done! 10. n¨v‡jv eÜziv!  Hi guys ! 11. wK GK Sv‡gjv! 
What a mess ! 12. Zv‡Z wK?  So what? 13. G n‡Z cv‡i bv!  Oh no! 14. `qv K‡i, g‡bv‡hvM `vI|  Please pay attention. 15.
Gevi †Zvgvi cvjv|  It‘s your turn. 16. wK Kie †f‡e cvw”Q bv|  I‘m at a loss what to do. 17. Av‡i Zzwg †h!  Hey! It‘s you I see.
18. Aek¨B|  Definitely. 19. †Q‡o w`b|  Let it pass. 20. Pzjvq hvK!  Damn it ! 21. GwK!  My goodness! 22. ‡Mvjøvq hvI | 
Go to the dogs. 23. ‡Zvgvi Kx Lei?  What about you? 24. †gvUvgywU|  So so. 25. Kvi wK Av‡m hvq?  Who cares? 26. GB †h
ïbyb|  Excuse me. 27. GKUzI bv|  Not a bit. 28. GUv mwZ¨B PgrKvi|  That‘s really fantastic. 28. ej‡Z †M‡j wKQzB bv|  Next
to nothing. 29. fvlv mshZ K‡iv|  Mind your language. 30. Avmj K_v ej|  Come to the point. 31. †LvjvLywjfv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j|  To
speak frankly. 32. Avwg mwZ¨B Avbw›`Z|  I‘m really pleased/ delighted. 33. GUv‡Zv Avcbvi `qv|  It‘s kind of you. 34. Pzc Ki! 
Keep quiet ! 35. cÖ‡ek wb‡la|  No entrance. 36. h‡Zô n‡q‡Q|  That‘s enough. 37. wK n‡q‡Q?  What happened? 38. wK eyw× !
 What an idea! 39. Avn! GKUz eyS‡Z †Póv Ki ‡Zv!  Oh! Come on. 40. Avgvi K_v ïb‡Qb †Zv ?  Are you with me? 41. Avwg wK
welqUv eySv‡Z †c‡iwQ?  Am I clear to you? 42. wVK ewjwb ?  Am I not right? 43. GUv wK Avm‡jB mZ¨ bq ?  Isn‘t it really true?
44. Kx! Zywg GUv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv ?  What! You can‘t do it? 45. Pzc K‡iv! ev‡R e‡Kv bv|  Shut up! Don‘t talk nonsense. 46. Kx †evKv!
†Zvgv‡K GUv Hfv‡e Ki‡Z †K e‡j‡Q ?  How foolish! Who told you to do it that way? 47. GLvb †_‡K we`vq nI|  Get lost from here.
48. Avgv‡K †`L‡Z `vI|  Let me see. 49. I wbðB|  Oh sure. 50. †K Rv‡b !  Who knows!
Subject Verb Complement Modifier
I wrote a story yesterday.
 Avwg MZKvj GKwU Mí wj‡LwQjvg|
Miraz & I finished our assignment last week.
 wgivR Ges Avwg MZ mßv‡n Avgv‡`i KvR (GmvBb‡g›U) ‡kl K‡iwQjvg|
We learned “present indefinite” the day before yesterday.
 MZ ciï w`b Avgiv “present indefinite” wk‡LwQjvg|
Normal Sentence Pattern in English (Bs‡iwR ev‡K¨i mvaviY bgybv)

Basic spoken Page 6
WH Words
(if needed)
Helping
Verb
Subject Main Verb Complement
(if any)
Modifier
(if any)
Question
Mark
Does he go there ?
 ‡m wK †mLv‡b hvq?
Why don’t you help your friend ?
 ‡Kb Zzwg †Zvgvi eÜz‡K mvnvh¨ Ki bv?
Where does your
friend
live ?
 †Zvgvi eÜz †Kv_vq evm K‡i?
Did you attend the class yesterday ?
 Zzwg wK MZKvj K¬v‡m Dcw¯’Z wQ‡j?
Where did you learn Englsih ?
 Zzwg †Kv_vq Bs‡iwR wk‡LwQ‡j?
Will they come tonight ?
 Zviv wK AvRiv‡Z Avm‡e?
How can I help you ?
 Avwg †Zvgv‡K wKfv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvwi?
Can’t you help the helpless
boy
?
 Zzwg wK Amnvq evjKwU‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvi bv?
Question with only ‘(Be = am/ is / are / was / were / will be)’
WH-Words Be Subject Complement Modifier Q. M.
Are you a liar ?
 Zzwg wK GKRb wg_¨vev`x?
Who (Sub.) are you ?
 Zzwg †K?
What is his opinion ?
 Zvi gZvgZ wK?
Am I lazy ?
 Avwg wK Ajm?.
Why were you inactive ?
 ‡Kb Zzwg wbw®Œq wQ‡j?
Where will you be in the
evening
?
 mÜ¨vq Zzwg †Kv_vq _vK‡e?
Who (Sub.) am I ?
 Avwg †K?
Normal Question Pattern in English (Bs‡iwR‡Z cÕkœ Kivi mvaviY bgybv)

Basic spoken Page 7
Wh-Words
Who?  ‡K / Kviv? Whom?  Kv‡K / Kv‡ì‡K? Whose + noun?  Kvi / Kv‡ì? Ex.- Whose
pen? Kvi Kjg
Which?  ‡KvbwU?
Which + Noun?
Which book? ‡Kvb eBwU?
To whom? Kvi cÖwZ/ Kv‡Q? For whom? 
Kvi / Kv‡ì Rb¨?
About whom?
 Kvi / Kv‡ì m¤ú‡K©?
With whom?
Kvi ev Kv‡ì mv‡_?
Without whom?
Kv‡K / Kv‡ì‡K Qvov?
Under whom?
Kvi/Kv‡ì Aax‡b?
Where from?
‡Kv_v †_‡K?
When? KLb? What for?  wK Rb¨? By which?  ‡KvbwUi Øviv? For which?  ‡KvbwUi Rb¨?
Which + noun?
Which colour?  ‡Kvb is?
What kind of + Noun? ‡hgb-
What kinds of books 
wK ai‡Yi eB?
What type of + Noun ? ‡hgb-What types
of pens?  wK ai‡Yi Kjg?
How much + Noun? 
How much money? 
KZ UvKv? (Uncountable)
How many + noun? ‡hgb -
(Countable) How many tables? 
KZ¸‡jv †Uwej?
How long?  KZÿY? Why? ‡Kb? What?  wK/?
What + noun? (‡Kvb?)
What class?  ‡Kvb †kÖwY?
Noun + of + which +
Noun? ‡hgb- †Kvb †`‡ki
bvMwiK? 
Citizen of which country?
From what time / when?
 KLb †_‡K?
In which + noun?
In which school?
‡Kvb we`¨vj‡q?
When = what time?
 KLb?
Study the following examples with Wh-questions:
Sl Bangla English
1 ‡K †Zvgv‡K GUv e‡jwQj? Who told you this?
2 GUv Kvi Kjg? Whose pen is this?
3 Kvi bvg ZvwjKvq wQj bv? Whose name was not in the list?
4 Zywg †Kv_vq evm Ki? Where do you live?
5 ‡Zvgvi eÜz †Kv_v †_‡K Av‡m? Where does your friend come from?
6 GKRb Qv‡Îi KZ©e¨ wK? What is the duty of a student?
7 Zzwg †Kvb †kÖwY‡Z co? What class do you read in?
8 bq eQi eq‡m Zzwg †Kvb †kÖwY‡Z co‡Z? What class did you read in at the age of nine?
9 Kvi Rb¨ Zzwg me‡P‡q ‡ewk Kó Ki‡Z cvi? For whom can you suffer most?
10 Zzwg Kv‡K me‡P‡q ‡ewk fvjev‡mv? Whom do you love most?
11 Kvi / Kv‡ì mv‡_ Zywg Avm‡e? With whom will you come?
12 Kvi / Kv‡ì m¤ú‡K© Zzwg e‡jwQ‡j? About whom did you tell?
13 Kvi Aax‡b Zzwg PvKzwi K‡iwQ‡j? Under whom did you serve?
14 ‡Kvb eBUv Zywg PvI? Which book do you want?
15 ‡Kvb is Zzwg cQ›` Ki‡e? Which colour will you choose?
16 ‡Kvb eBUv Zzwg PvI? Which book is wanted by you?
17 ‡Kvb MÖv‡g Zzwg evm Ki? In which village do you live?
18 Zzwg †Kv_v †_‡K Avm?. Where are you from?
19 Zzwg †Kv_v †_‡K G‡mQ? Where have you come from?
20 Zzwg †Kv_vq hv‡e? Where will you go?
21 Zzwg †Kv_vq wM‡qwQ‡j? Where did you go?
22 ‡Kvb eBwU m¤ú‡K© Zzwg Zv‡K e‡jwQ‡j? About which book did you tell him?
23 ‡Kvb eB‡q Zzwg GB Z_¨wU †c‡qQ? In which book have you got this information?
24 ‡UªBbwU KLb Qv‡o? When does the train leave?
25 ‡Zvgvi K‡jR KLb QzwU nq? When does your college break up?
26 KZMy‡jv eB Zzwg wK‡bwQ‡j? How many books did you buy?
27 KZ¸‡jv eB Zzwg wKb‡e? How many books will you buy?
28 KZ¸‡jv eB Zzwg wK‡bQ? How many books have you bought?
29 KZ UvKv †Zvgvi ìKvi? How much money do you need?
30 KLb Zzwg XvKvi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv Ki‡e? What time will you start for Dhaka?
31 wK ai‡Yi Dcnvi Zzwg †Zvgvi eÜzi Rb¨ wKb‡Z PvI? What types of gifts do you want to buy for your friend?
32 ewikvj wK‡mi Rb¨ weL¨vZ? What is Barishal famous for?
33 cÖwZw`b Avgv‡ì KZUzKy cvwb cvb Kiv DwPZ? How much water should we drink a day?

Basic spoken Page 8
34 wK ai‡Yi eB Zzwg me‡P‡q †ewk cQ›` Ki? What kinds / sorts of books do you like most?
35 KZÿY Zzwg A‡cÿv KiQ? How long have you been waiting?
36 KZÿY Zzwg †mLv‡b wQ‡j? How long were you there?
37 KZÿY Zzwg Avgvi Rb¨ A‡cÿv K‡iwQ‡j? How long did you wait for me?
38 ‡Kb Zzwg nvmQ? Why are you laughing?
39 ‡Kb Zzwg MZ K¬v‡m Abycw¯’Z wQ‡j? Why were you absent from the last class?
40 ‡Kb Zzwg Zv‡ì cÖwZ GZ wb`©q n‡e? Why will you be so unkind to them?
41 wKfv‡e Zzwg †mLv‡b wM‡qwQ‡j? How did you go there?
42 wKfv‡e Zzwg KvRwU K‡iQ? How have you done the work?
43 wKfv‡e Zzwg wR.wc.G.-5 †c‡qQ? How have you got GPA-5?
45 ‡Kv_vq Bs‡iwR †kLv‡bv nq? Where is English taught?
46 wKfv‡e Bs‡iwR †kLv‡bv nq? How is English taught?
47 ‡K/ Kviv Bs‡iwR ‡kLv‡e? Who will teach English?
48 wKfv‡e Bs‡iwR ‡kLv‡bv n‡e? How will English be taught?
49 Bs‡iwR ‡kLv‡bvi Rb¨ †Kvb c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv n‡e? Which method will be adopted for teaching Englsih?
50 ‡K / Kviv Bs‡iwR ‡kLvi Rb¨ †hvM¨ n‡e bv? Who won’t be fit for learning English?
51 XvKv †Kvb †`‡ki ivRavbx? Which country’s capital is Dhaka?
52 AvR wK evi? MZKvj wK evi wQj? AvMvgxKvj wK evi? What day is today? What day was it yesterday? What day
will it be tomorrow?
51. Zv wK K‡i nq ?  How so? 52. Avwg ZvB g‡b Kwi|  I think so. 53. Avgvi Ggb g‡b nq bv|  I don’t think so. 54. Av‡i
bv, IiKg wKQz bv|  Oh no, not something like that. 55. kvšÍ nI|  Calm down. 56. Pj †`wL|  Let’s have a look.
57. Avgvi wKQz hvq Av‡m bv|  I don’t care. 58. µgvš^‡q|  Little by little. 59. ZvB bvwK?  Is it so? 60. fvj GKUv w`b
KvUvI|  Have a good day. 61. Pj †Kv_vI ewm|  Let’s sit somewhere. 62. G ch©šÍ meB fvj|  So far so good. 63.
Avgvi †Kb †hb g‡b nq|  I tend to think. 64. AvwgI †mUv aviYv KiwQ|  I suppose so. 65. Avwg wKQz g‡b Kwi bv|  I don’t
mind. 66. hw` ZvB nq, Zv‡Z wK?  If so, so what? 67. †Zvgvi K_v †i‡Lv|  Keep your word. 68. †Kvb wKQzB Am¤¢e bv| 
Nothing is impossible. 69. Zywg hv B PvI|  Whatever you want. 70. Zv‡Z †Zvi wK?  What is that to you? 71. Avgvi
Avi wKQzB fv‡jv jvM‡Q bv|  Nothing pleases me any more. 72. Avgvi Pv cvb Ki‡Z gb Pv‡”Q|  I feel like taking tea. 73.
Avwg wK Avcbvi g‡b †Kv‡bv Kó w`‡qwQ?  Have I done any wrong that hurts you? 74. Avcbvi m½ cvIqv Avb‡›ì e¨vcvi|  It‘s nice being
with you. 75. ivZ hZ Mfxi nq, cÖfvZ ZZ wbK‡U Av‡m|  The deeper the night be, the more forward the dawn be. 76. I K_v Qvo|  Let
the matter drop. 77. Avwg †Zvgv‡K gRv †`Lve|  I‘ll teach you a good lesson. 78. GKUy †nu‡U Avm‡j †Kgb nq?  How about going for a
walk? 79. mg‡q mZ¨ cÖKvk cvB‡e|  Time will bring the truth to light. 80. †m bv Avm‡j Kx n‡e?  What if he does not come? 81. †Zvgvi
K_vvi Lye †Rvo|  Your words possess quite power. 81. ‡Kb Avwg c‡ivqv Kie?  Why should I care? 82. Ab¨ wKQz|  Something else.
83. Ab¨ wKQzB bv|  Nothing else. 84. wPšÍv K‡i K_v ej|  Talk sense. 85. Avi wKQz e‡jv bv|  Don‘t say any more. 86. fz‡j hvI| 
Forget it. 87. wK `y:LRbK!  What a pity ! 88. jv&B‡b _vKzb|  Hold on. 89. GÿzwY Ki |  Do it at once. 90. mveav‡b K_v ej|  Speak
with care. 91. wK A™¢zZ!  How strange! 92. Avjøvni ing‡Z|  By the grace of Allah. 93. wK ev‡R eK‡Qv!  How absurd ! 94. aygcvb
wb‡la|  No smoking. 95. jvB‡b `vovI|  Stand in a queue. 96. GKUy wfbœ cÖm‡½ hvIqv hvK|  Let me digress. 97. Kmg, Avwg Kie|
 I swear I will. 98. Avgv‡K ÿgv Ki |  Pardon me. 99. n‡Z cv‡i|  May be. 100. mveavb nI|  Be careful.
Primary Auxiliary Verbs
Be Verb Am/ is/ are (Present); was/ were (Past); shall be/ will be (Future); being, been (V3)
Have Verb Have/ has (Present); Had (Past); Shall have/ will have (Future); having; had (V3)
Note: Present Indefinite Tense ‡K Negative ev Interrogative Kivi mgq Auxiliary Verb wn‡m‡e Do/Does eëüZ nq Ges
Past Indefinite Tense ‡K Negative ev Interrogative Kivi mgq Auxiliary Verb wn‡m‡e Did eëüZ nq|

Basic spoken Page 9
Modal Auxiliary Verb
Shall (e/‡e), should (DwPZ), will (e/†e), would (e/‡e/Z/‡Z/Zvg), can (cviv), could (cvi‡Z/cviZ/ cviZvg), may (cviv), might
(cvi‡Z/ cviZ/ cviZvg), have to/ has to (wKQz Ki‡Z n‡e ev nq eySv‡Z), had to (wKQz Ki‡Z n‡qwQj eySv‡Z), ought to (DwPZ -
should Gi †P‡q †Rvov‡jv), used to (AZxZ Af¨vm eySv‡Z), must (Aek¨B), need (wKQz Kiv cÕ‡qvRb), dare (mvnm Kiv), had
better (eis fvj), would rather (`ywU KvR ev e¯yÍi g‡a¨ GKwU‡K †eu‡Q †bIqvi †ÿ‡Î), am/ is/ are to (wKQz Ki‡Z nq/ n‡e eySv‡Z),
be going to (‡KD wKQz Ki‡Z hv‡”Q ev hvw”Qj eySv‡Z) etc.
Note: Ability A‡_© Can Ges Possibility A‡_© May e¨eüZ nq|
Conjugation of Verbs
SL Present (V1) Meaning Past (V2) Past Participle (V3)
1 Do (Wz) Kiv Did (wWW) Done (Wvb)
2 Go †MŠ) hvIqv Went (I‡q›U) Gone (Mb)
3 Come (Kvg) Avmv Came (†KBg) Come (Kvg)
4 Drink (wWª¼) cvb Kiv Drank (‡Wª¼) Drunk (Wªv¼)
5 Eat (CU) LvIqv Ate (GU) (US-GBU) Eaten (CU&b)
6 Read (wiW& cov Read (†iW) Read (†iW)
7 Play †cøB) ‡Ljv Kiv Played (†cøBW) Played (†cøBW)
8 Sing (wms) Mvb Kiv Sang (m¨vs) Sung (mvs)
9 Take (†UBK) ‡bIqv Took (UzK) Taken †UBKvb)
10 Am / is / are Was / were Been
11 Have / has Had Had
12 Write (ivBU) ‡jLv Wrote (†iŠU) Written (wiUb)
13 Choose (PzR) cQ›` Kiv Chose (†PŠR) Chosen †PŠRb)
14 Draw (Wª) AvuKv Drew (Wªy) Drawn (Wª-b)
15 Fly (d¬vB) Dov Flew (d¬z) Flawn (‡dŠ¬b)
16 Grow †MÖŠ) Rb¥v‡bv Grew (MÖy) Grown (‡MªŠb)
17 Keep (wKc) ivLv Kept †KÞ) Kept (†KÞ)
18 Give (wMf) ‡`Iqv Gave (†MBf) Given (wMfb)
19 Work (Iqv-K&) KvR Kiv Worked (Iqv-KW&) Worked (IqvKW&)
20 Help (†ní) mvnvh¨ Kiv Helped (‡níU&) Helped (†níU&)
21 Know (†bŠ) Rvbv Knew (wbD: US-by) Known (†bŠb)
22 Run (ivb&) ‡`Šov‡bv Ran (i¨vb&) Run (ivb&)
23 Sit (wmU&) emv Sat (m¨vU&) Sat (m¨vU&)
24 Speak (w¯úK&) K_v ejv Spoke (†¯úŠK&) Spoken (†¯úŠKvb&)
25 Stand (÷¨vÛ) `vov‡bv Stood (‡÷vW) Stood (†÷vW)
26 Swim (mywqg) mvuZvi KvuUv Swan (myq¨vg) Swum (myqvg)
27 Want (Iqv›U) PvIqv Wanted (Iqw›UW&) Wanted (Iqw›UW&)
28 Wear {(I‡qqv (i)} cwiavb Kiv Wore {(J (i)} Worn (I-b)
29 Save (‡mBf) iÿv Kiv Saved (†mBf&W) Saved (†mBf&W)
30 Sleep (w¯øc) Nygv‡bv Slept (‡¯øc&U) Slept (‡¯øc&U)
31 Hope (‡nŠc) Avkv Kiv Hoped (‡nŠc&W) Hoped (‡nŠc&W)
32 Cook (KzK) ivbœv Kiv Cooked (KzK&W) Cooked (KzK&W)
33 Bring (weªs) Avbv Brought (eªU) Brought (eªU)
34 Build (weì) wbg©vY Kiv Built (weë) Built (weë)

Basic spoken Page 10
35 Buy (evB) µq Kiv Bought (eU) Bought (eU)
36 Walk (IqvK) nuvUv Walked (IqvK&W) Walked (IqvK&W)
37 Clean (wK¬b) cwi®‹vi Kiv Cleaned (wK¬b&W) Cleaned (wK¬b&W)
38 Say (†mB) ejv Said (†mW) Said (†mW)
39 Sell (†mj) wewµ Kiv Sold (†mŠì) Sold (†mŠì)
40 Think (w_s) wPšÍv Kiv Thought (‡_vU) Thought (‡_vU)
41 Select (wm‡j±) wbe©vPb Kiv Selected (wm‡jw±&W) Selected (wm‡jw±&W)
42 Cut (KvU) KvuUv Cut (KvU) Cut (KvU)
43 Recite (wimvBU) Ave„wË Kiv Recited (wimvBwUW) Recited (wimvBwUW)
44 Laugh (jvd) nvmv Laughed (jvd&W) Laughed (jvd&W)
45 Weep (DBc) Kvbœv Kiv Wept (I‡qÞ) Wept (I‡qÞ)
Tense Indefinite

Continuous

Perfect

Perfect Con.

Present
Active do (s /es)
 Kwi / Ki /
K‡i
am / is / are doing 
KiwQ / KiQ / Ki‡Q
have / has done
 K‡iwQ / K‡iQ /
K‡i‡Q
have / has been
doing  KiwQ / K‡i
AvmwQ
Passive am / is/ are done
 Kiv nq
am / is / are
being done
 Kiv n‡”Q
have / has
been done
 Kiv n‡q‡Q
 No Passive
Past
Active did
 K‡iwQjvg /
K‡iwQ‡j /
K‡iwQj
was / were doing
 KiwQjvg /
KiwQ‡j
/ KiwQj
had done
 K‡iwQjvg /
K‡iwQ‡j /
K‡iwQj
had been doing
 KiwQjvg /
KiwQ‡j /
KiwQj
Passive was / were done
 Kiv n‡qwQj
was / were being
done
 Kiv nw”Qj
had been done
 Kiv n‡qwQj  No Passive
Future
Active shall / will do
 Kie / Ki‡e
shall / will be doing
 Ki‡Z _vK‡e /
Ki‡Z _vKe
shall / will have done
 K‡i _vKe / K‡i _vK‡e
shall / will have been
doing
 Ki‡Z _vK‡e /
Ki‡Z _vKe
Passive shall / will
be done
 Kiv n‡e
shall / will be
being done
 Kiv n‡Z _vK‡e
shall /will have been
done
 Kiv n‡q _vK‡e
 No Passive
NB: Tense I Voice-Gi GB Pattern / Structure ¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e AvqË K‡i wb‡j GKwU evsjv evK¨‡K Lye `ªæZ Ges mn‡R
Bs‡iwR‡Z Translate Kiv hv‡e|
Note: Verb-Gi KvRwU hw` Subject wb‡R K‡i, Zvn‡j Verb-Gi Active Form Use Ki‡Z nq| wKš`, Verb-Gi
KvRwU hw` Subject wb‡R bv K‡i, eis Subject-†KB wKQz Kiv nq Ñ Ggb cÕKvk cvq, Zvn‡j Verb-Gi Passive
n‡e| †hgb- Active Voice-G 'I’-Gi A_© Avwg, wKš` Passive Voice-G ‘I’-Gi A_© `vovq ÔAvgv‡KÕ | ‡hgb Ñ ‘I
have invited the man.’ – GB evK¨wU‡Z Verb-wU Active Form-G Av‡Q Ges GB Sentence-wUi mwVK evsjv
n‡”Q- ÔAvwg †jvKwU‡K wbgš¿Y K‡iwQ|Õ cÿvšÍ‡i, ‘I have been invited to the party.’ Ñ GB Sentence-wU‡Z
Verb-wU Passive Form-G Av‡Q Ges Sentece-wUi mwVK evsjv n‡”Q Ñ ÔAvgv‡K Abyôv‡b wbgš¿Y Kiv n‡q‡Q |Õ
Tense & Voice

101. we`vq|  Good bye. 102. we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j |  To speak in details. 103. Zzwg wK cvMj?  Are you mad? 104.
†Zvgvi GLv‡b Avmvi AbygwZ †bB|  You are not permitted to come here. 105. wK wekÖx!  What a rubbish ! 106. GUv mZ¨ wK
wg_¨v G e¨vcv‡i Avwg wbwðZ bB|  I am not sure whether it‘s true or false. 107. GUv mgqmv‡cÿ |  It‘s time-consuming.
108. Zywg wKfv‡e Avgv‡K Ggb GKUv ----- †K cQ›` Ki‡Z ejQ?  How do you tell me to like such a / an -----. 109.
Avwg GUv cQ›` Kwi bv|  I don‘t like it. 110. Avgvi †`wi n‡q †M‡Q|  I‘m late. 111. †m †mLv‡b hvIqvi e¨vcviUv A¯^xKvi Kij|
 He denied having gone there. 112. wKš` Zv‡Z wK wKQz Av‡m hvq?  But does it matter? 113. Zv‡Z †Zgb wKQz Av‡m hvq bv|
 It matters little. 114. wK †evKv!  How foolish! 115. wK †evKvwg!  How silly ! 116. wK KyrwmZ!  How ugly! 117. Avwg
`y:wLZ| Avwg cÖ_‡g fzjUv K‡iwQjvg|  I‘m sorry. It‘s I who made the mistake first. 118. Av”Qv wVK Av‡Q, Zywg‡Zv B”QvK…Zfv‡e
GUv Ki wb|  It‘s all right, you didn‘t do it intentionally. 119. IUv †Kvb e¨vcvi bv|  That doesn‘t matter. 120. mZ¨ ej‡Z wK
----  To speak the truth / Truly speaking----. 121. Avwg cÖKv‡k¨ aygcvb N„Yv Kwi|  I hate smoking in the public place. 122.
Avmj NUbv nj †h -----|  The real thing is that -----. 123. Gi Øviv Avm‡j hv eySvq Zv n‡jv -----|  What it really means is
that ----. 124. GLb GUv ¯úó †h ----- |  Now it‘s clear that -------. 125. cÖK…Zc‡ÿ |  As a matter of fact / In fact /
Actually 126. ‡m Avm‡j GKUv wRwbqvm|  He’s really a genius. 127. AvR iv‡Zi wWbv‡i Avgvi AwZw_ n‡eb wK?  Would
you be my guest at the dinner tonight? 128. ZvB eywS|  I see. 129. PgrKvi‡Zv!  How funny ! 130. n¨vu, ej‡Z _v‡Kv| 
Yes, go on. 131. NUbvwU wVK ZvB|  That‘s exactly the case. 131. Kx ej‡j Zzwg?  What? 132. nvq Avjøvn !  Oh my God!
133. †h †Kv‡bv fv‡eB †nvK -----|  By hook or by crook ------. 134. Avwg `y:wLZ ‡h Avwg H `„wófw½i we‡ivwaZv KiwQ|  I‘m
afraid I oppose that view. 135. Avgvi AvcwË Av‡Q|  I have an objection. 136. wKš` Avwg `y:wLZ †h Avwg GKgZ n‡Z cviwQ
bv|  But I‘m afraid I can‘t agree. 137. Avwg wK GK wgwbU Avcbvi mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z cvwi?  May I speak to you for a minute?
138. mg‡qi GK †dvo Amg‡qi `k †dvo |  A stitch in time saves nine. 139. Kzm‡½ _vKvi †P‡q GKv _vKv fv‡jv |  Better an
empty house than an ill tenant. 140. KvuvPvq bv †bvqv‡j evuk cvK‡j K‡i Vvm Vvm |  A pet lamb makes a cross ram.
(Too much indulgence spoils a child.) 141. ‡Pvi cvjv‡j eyw× ev‡o|  After death comes the doctor. 142. †kl fv‡jv hvi
me fv‡jv Zvi|  All‘s well that ends well. 143. AvKvk Kzmyg iPbv Kiv|  Build castle in the air. 144. †Zj gv_vq †Zj †Ìqv|
 Carry coal to Newcastle./ Help one who needs no help. 145. evb‡ii Mjvq gy³vi gvjv †Ìqv|  Cast pearls before swine.
146. hv‡i ‡`L‡Z bvix Zvi Pjb evuKv|  Faults are thick where love is thin. 147. Kqjv ayB‡j gqjv hvq bv|  Black will take
no other hue. 148. hZÿY k^vm ZZÿY Avk|  Where there is life there is hope. 149. nvwZ †Nvov †Mj Zj †fov e‡j KZ Rj /
weÁ ‡h_vq fq cvq AÁ ‡m_vq Av‡M avq|  Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. 150. ‡hLv‡b ev‡Ni fq, †mLv‡b mÜ¨v nq|
 Danger often comes where it is feared.
Kg-‡ewk †h †Kv‡bv evsjv evK¨ Bs‡iwR‡Z Translate Kivi mgq Tense & Voice-Gi Pattern / Structure ¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB |
GB Pattern ¸‡jv eënvi K‡i wKfv‡e GKwU evsjv evK¨‡K mn‡R Bs‡iwR Kiv hvq, Zv wKQz D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g ¯úó Kiv n‡jv:
1 Avwg m½xZ cQ›` Kwi| m~Î: {do (s/es) - Kwi / Ki / K‡i}
 I like music.
2 cÕwZ eQi Aa¨vcK Ave`yj gwR` K‡j‡R GKwU eB †gjv AbywôZ nq| m~Î: (am / is / are done - Kiv nq)
 A book fair is held at Adhyapak Abdul Majid College every year.
3 ‡jvKUv‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| m~Î: (have / has been done - Kiv n‡q‡Q)
 The man has been killed.
4 Avgiv AKvi‡Y mgq bó KiwQ | m~Î: (am / is / are doing - KiwQ / KiQ / Ki‡Q)
 We are killing time for nothing.
5 Avgv‡ì cwi‡ek wewfbœfv‡e `~wlZ n‡”Q| m~Î: (am / is / are being done - Kiv n‡”Q)
 Our environment is being polluted in many ways.
6 Avwg †Zvgvi Rb¨ A‡cÿv KiwQ| m~Î: (am / is / are doing - KiwQ / KiQ / Ki‡Q)

 I am waiting for you.
7 GUv wek¦vm Kiv nq †h ‡m Lye mr| m~Î: (am / is / are done - Kiv nq)
 It is believed that he is very honest.
GUv cÖZ¨vkv Kiv nq †h Acy mgvcbx cixÿvq wR.wc.G-5 cv‡e| (wb‡R †Póv Ki| - Try by yourself.)

8 Zzwg cixÿvq Lye fvj K‡iQ| m~Î: (have / has done - K‡iwQ / K‡iQ / K‡i‡Q)
 You have done very well in the exam.
miKvi mgm¨vwU mgvavb Ki‡Z wKQz ¸iZ¡c~Y© c`‡ÿc wb‡q‡Q| (wb‡R †Póv Ki| - Try by yourself.)

9 evjKwU‡K Zvi Lvivc eënv‡ii Rb¨ kvw¯Í †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| m~Î: (have / has been done - Kiv n‡q‡Q)
The boy has been punished for his misconduct.
wKQz bZzb cY¨ Avg`vwb Kiv n‡q‡Q| (wb‡R †Póv Ki| - Try by yourself.)

10 MZKvj Avwg †Zvgv‡K †W‡KwQjvg| m~Î: (did - K‡iwQjvg / K‡iwQ‡j / K‡iwQj)
I called you yesterday.
evjK¸‡jv cÕwZ‡hvwMZvq Ask MÕnY K‡iwQj| (wb‡R †Póv Ki| - Try by yourself.)

11 Avgv‡K †mLv‡b †h‡Z Aby‡iva Kiv n‡qwQj| m~Î: (was / were done - Kiv n‡qwQj)
I was requested to go there.
Aa¨vcK Ave`yj gwR` K‡jR 1995 mv‡j cÕwZôv Kiv n‡qwQj / cÕwZwôZ n‡qwQj| (wb‡R †Póv Ki| - Try by yourself.)

Zv‡ì‡K †mLv‡b Acgvb Kiv n‡qwQj| (wb‡R †Póv Ki| - Try by yourself.)

12 QvÎ-QvÎxiv K¬v‡m MÛ‡Mvj KiwQj| m~Î: (was / were doing - KiwQjvg / KiwQ‡j / KiwQj)
The students were making a noise in the class.
Zviv Avgv‡K †`‡L nvmwQj| (wb‡R †Póv Ki| - Try by yourself.) 
13 ‡jvKUv‡K gyw³c‡Yi Rb¨ AZ¨vPvi Kiv nw”Qj| m~Î: (was / were being done - Kiv nw”Qj)
The man was being tortured for ransom.
Køv‡m MÛ‡Mvj Kivi Rb¨ evjK‡ì‡K kvw¯Í †Ìqv nw”Qj| (wb‡R †Póv Ki| - Try by yourself.)

14 GKw`b Avwg e‡bi ga¨ w`‡q nvuUwQjvg| m~Î: (was / were doing - KiwQjvg / KiwQ‡j / KiwQj)
One day I was walking through a forest.
15 Wv³vi Avmvi c~‡e© †ivMx gviv †Mj| m~Î: (had done & did - K‡iwQjvg / K‡iwQ‡j / K‡iwQj)
The patient had died before the doctor came.
Aemi MÖnY Kivi c~‡e© wZwb eBwU wj‡LwQ‡jb|
He had written the book before he retired.
‡m Avmvi c~‡e©B Avwg MíwU wj‡L †kl Kijvg| (wb‡R †Póv Ki| - Try by yourself.)

Wv³vi givi ci †ivMx gviv †Mj| (wb‡R †Póv Ki| - Try by yourself.)

16 Avwg GKwU eB wjLe| m~Î: (shall / will do - Kie / Ki‡e)
 I will write a book.
Avgv‡ì dvBbvj cixÿv 2020 mv‡j AbywôZ n‡e|
 Our final exam will be held in 2020.
Avgiv welqwU we‡ePbv Kie| (wb‡R †Póv Ki| - Try by yourself.)


17 welqwU we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e| m~Î: (shall / will be done - Kiv n‡e)
The matter will be considered.
Zywg hw` KvRwU bv Ki, †Zvgv‡K kvw¯Í †Ìqv n‡e| (wb‡R †Póv Ki| - Try by yourself.)

18 AvB‡bi hLb Aceënvi nq, ¯^vaxbZv ZLb Le© nq| m~Î: (am / is / are done - Kiv nq)
When law is misused, freedom is curtailed.
19 Zzwg Avgvi Rb¨ A‡cÿv Ki‡Z _vK‡e| m~Î: (shall / will be doing - Ki‡Z _vKe / Ki‡Z _vK‡e )
You will be waiting for me.
cieZx© mßv‡ni GB mgq Avwg myg`ª ˆmK‡Z mvuZvi KvU‡Z _vKe|
This time next week I will be swimming in the sea beach.
wkïwU Gi gv‡qi Rb¨ Kvu`‡Z _vK‡e| (wb‡R †Póv Ki| - Try by yourself.)

20 evwowU wbg©vY Kiv n‡Z _vK‡e| m~Î: (shall / will be being done - Kiv n‡Z _vK‡e)
The house will be being built.
21 Avwg 3 Uvi g‡a¨ XvKv †cØ‡Q _vKe| m~Î: (shall / will have done - K‡i _vKe / K‡i _vKe)
I will have reached Dhaka by 3pm.
Avwg G eQ‡ii †k‡li w`‡K eBwU †jLv †kl K‡i _vKe| (wb‡R †Póv Ki| - Try by yourself.)

22 cÕKíwU 2020 mv‡ji g‡a¨ ev¯Ívevqb Kiv n‡q _vK‡e| m~Î: (shall / will have been done - Kiv n‡q _vK‡e)
The project will have been implemented by 2020.
Sentence Making with Be Verb
Structure 1: Subject + am / is / are + Determiner + Noun / Adjective / D.+ Adjective + Noun (KZ©vi cwiwPwZ, †`vl,
¸Y, Ae¯’v cÖKvk Ki‡Z- Present Indefinite Tense):
Examples:
1. Avwg GKRb wkÿK|  I am a teacher. 2. Avwg cwikÖgx|  I am hard-working. 3. †m/ wZwb Amy¯’|  He is ill. 4. Zzwg GKRb
eëmvqx|  You are a businessman. 5. Avwg wK G e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb bB|  Am I not conscious of this matter? 6. Zzwg wK cvMj?
 Are you mad? 7. †m wK †`vlx?  Is he guilty? 8. Zviv mr|  They are honest. 9. Zviv wK mr bv?  Aren’t they honest?
10. wZwb GKRb wkwÿZ e¨w³|  He is an educated person. 11. Zywg GKRb fvMëvb e¨w³|  You are a lucky man. 12. GwU †mB
eB †hwU MZKvj Avwg wK‡bwQjvg|  This is the book that I bought yesterday. 13. GwU wK †mB Kjg †hwU MZKvj Zywg wK‡bwQ‡j? 
Is this the pen that you bought yesterday? 14. c„_xwe †MvjvKvi|  The earth is round. 15. GwU Avgvi eB|  This is my
book. (GB eBwU Avgvi|  This book is mine.) 16. Zvi †cvkvK bxj Ges Avgvi †cvkvK jvj|  Her dress is green and mine is
red. 17. evsjv‡`k GKwU ¯^vaxb †`k|  Bangladesh is an independent country. 18. Zvi evev GKRb cÖwZwôZ eëmvqx|  His
father is an established businessman. 19. wZwb GKRb †hvM¨ e¨w³|  He is a qualified person. 20. Zvi evev wK GKRb cÖwZwôZ
eëmvqx wQj bv?  Wasn’t his father an established businessman? 21. wZwb GKRb ‡hvM¨ e¨w³ wQ‡jb bv|  He wasn’t a
qualified person. 22. wZwb wK GKRb †hvM¨ e¨w³ wQ‡jb bv?  Wasn’t he a qualified person? 23. wZwb msev`wU †R‡b Avbw›`Z
n‡eb|  He will be glad to know the news. 24. ‡m wK msev`wU †R‡b Avbw›`Z n‡e?  Will he be glad to know the news?
25. ‡m wK msev`wU †R‡b Avbw›`Z n‡e bv?  Won’t he be glad to know the news?
Structure 2: Subject + was / were + Determiner + Noun/ Adjective/ D. + Adjective + Noun (KZ©v Kx wQj ev †Kgb
wQj eySv‡Z- Past Indefinite Tense):
Examples:
Kv‡iv ev †Kv‡bv wKQzi cwiwPwZ, †`vl, ¸Y, Ae¯’v dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z Principal Verb wn‡m‡e Be Verb
(am / is / are / was / were / shall be / will be) Gi eënvi:

1. GK mgq Avwg †Zvgvi gZ QvÎ wQjvg, wKš` GLb Avwg GKRb wkÿK|  Once I was a student like you, but now I am a teacher. 2.
Zywg GKRb wkÿK wQ‡j|  You were a teacher.
3. wZwb GKRb Wv³vi wQ‡jb|  He was a doctor.
4. Zviv GB K‡j‡Ri QvÎ wQj|  They were the students of this college.
5. evjK¸‡jv LyeB cwikªgx wQj|  The boys were very hard-working.
6. †jvKUv wK mr wQj?  Was the man honest?
7. Zywg wK G e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb wQ‡j bv?  Weren’t you conscious of the matter? 8. Avwg wK GKRb mwµq Kgx© wQjvg bv?  Wasn’t I
an active worker? 9. Zviv KwgwUi wbev©wPZ m`m¨ wQj|  They were the selected members of the committee. 10. Zviv wK
KwgwUi m`m¨ wQj bv?  Weren’t they the members of the committee? 11. GUv wQj GKUv D‡ËRbvKi g¨vP|  It was an
exciting match. 12. Avgiv H D‡ËRbvKi g¨vPwU Dc‡fvM K‡i LyeB D‡ËwRZ wQjvg|
 We were very excited to enjoy that exciting match.
`ªæZ Bs‡iwR †kLvi 11 wU `y`©všÍ †KØkj:--
Avcwb Bs‡iwR‡Z `ye©j? Ab¨‡ì‡K AbM©j Bs‡iwR‡Z K_v ej‡Z †`L‡j A_ev Bs‡iwR‡Z
A‡bK fv‡jv wjL‡Z †`L‡j Avcbvi g‡a¨ nxbg¨bZv fi K‡i? wb‡R‡K †QvU g‡b nq?
GB †jLvwU Zvn‡j Avcbvi Rb¨| †kLvi †Kvb eqm †bB| Avcwb Bs‡iwR GZw`b fv‡jvfv‡e
†kLvi my‡hvM cvb wb,Gevi †Zv †c‡q‡Qb| Zvn‡j ïiy n‡q hvK AvR †_‡KB?
AbymiY Kiyb bx‡Pi wUcm¸‡jvt
1) Mfxi wbtk¦vm wbb, Zvici ïiæKiæb ejvt Avcwb Bs‡iwR‡Z K_v ejvi Av‡M hZ †ewk
wPšÍv Ki‡eb, ZZB Avcwb bvf©vm‡b‡m fzM‡Z ïiy Ki‡eb| GZwKQz wPšÍv bv K‡i ejv ïiy
Kiyb| cÖ_g cÕ_g Lye †ewk cvi‡Qb bv? wPšÍvi †Kvb KviY †bB| ax‡i ax‡i mgq evovb|
AvR‡K 2 wgwbU, Kvj‡K 5 wgwbU| Zvici 10 wgwbU, 15 wgwbU K‡i ejvi Abykxjb Kiyb|
wb‡RI eyS‡eb bv, Kxfv‡e Avcwb Bs‡iwR‡Z ¯^”Q‡›` K_v ej‡Z wk‡L †M‡Qb|
2) Bs‡iwR bv Rvbvi Rb¨ wb‡R‡K A‡nZzK †`vlv‡ivc Ki‡e bvt Avcbvi Bs‡iwR Áv‡bi ¯^íZv
_vK‡ZB cv‡i| wKš` †mRb¨ wb‡R‡K KL‡bvB †`vlv‡ivc Ki‡eb bv! Avcwb †Zv wkL‡ZB Pv‡”Qb
GLb| KL‡bv bv †kLvi †P‡q †`wi‡Z †kLvB wK fv‡jv bv?
Please don’t say ‘I DON’T speak English’. Instead you could say:
• I am learning English. Could you speak a little slower?
• I’m sorry, I didn’t understand.
• Could you repeat that?
• So, you’re saying that…. [rephrase what you heard]Ó
• What does _________ mean?
3) mewKQz Abyev` Ki‡Z hv‡eb bvt Avcbvi nq‡Zv g‡b n‡Z cv‡i, Bs‡iwR hLb wkLwQB ZLb
me wKQziB e½vbyev` wk‡L ivLv ìKvi| Avcwb †Pqvi‡K Ö‡K`vivÓ ejv ïiy Ki‡jb| A_ev
†Kvb Phrase †K Avcwb evsjvq Abyev` K‡i †kLvi †Póv Ki‡jb| fz‡jI GB KvR Ki‡Z
hv‡eb bv| GUv Avcbvi †kLvi MwZ‡K G‡Kev‡iB Kwg‡q w`‡e| Zvi †P‡q eo K_v fv‡jv
Bs‡iwR Rvbvi Rb¨ Gme RvbvUv gyL¨ †Kvb welq bq|
• Listen for words you DO understand
• Use contextual clues… so, if you hear, There is a big rhinoceros.If you don’t know
what ‘rhinoceros’ means but you see a big animal in a picture, or someone is pointing
at something. Use those clues to figure out what it means.
4) wb‡Ri Kvb‡K cÕwkw¶Z Kiybt fv‡jv Bs‡iwR Rvb‡Z n‡j Listening Skill evovb| hZ †ewk
Avcwb wbR Kv‡b ï‡b eyS‡eb, ZZB Avcbvi †kLvUv Z¡ivwš^Z n‡e| †ewk †ewk Bs‡iwR gywf
†`Lyb, Mvb ïbyb, WKz‡g›Uvwi †cÕvMÕvg †`Lyb| ax‡i ax‡i Avcbvi Listening Skill A‡bK
Developed n‡q DV‡e|
5) fzj Kivi fq Ki‡eb bvt gvbyl n‡q hLb R‡b¥‡Qb, fzj Avcbvi n‡eB| wKš` †mB fz‡ji
fq K‡i nvZ cv ¸uwU‡q e‡mI _vKv hv‡e bv| Bs‡iwR‡Z K_v ej‡Z wM‡q, wjL‡Z wM‡q Avcwb
hZ †ewk fzj Ki‡eb, ZZ `ªyZB wkL‡Z cvi‡eb| ax‡i ax‡i fz‡ji gvÎv Avcbv AvcwbB K‡g
Avm‡e| Avcwb wb‡RB cv_©K¨ eyS‡Z cvi‡eb|
6) †Póv K‡i hvb, †Q‡o w`‡eb bvt Avcbvi nq‡Zv Bs‡iwR‡Z `¶ n‡Z Ab¨‡ì †P‡q GKUz
†ewkB mgq jvM‡Q| nZvk n‡eb bv| †f‡O co‡eb bv| mevi †kLvi c×wZ Ges mgqmxgv GK

bq| †j‡M _vK‡j Avcwb cvi‡ebB| GUvB wbqg|
7) †QvÆ GKwU LvZvq Phrase ¸‡jv wj‡L ivLybt fv‡jv Bs‡iwR Rvb‡Z †M‡j A‡bK Phrase
Rvbv Riywi| Kv‡RB Phrase †kLvi Dci ¸iyZ¡ w`b| hLbB †Kvb Phrase †Pv‡L co‡e, mv‡_
mv‡_ GKUv †QvÆ LvZvq Uz‡K ivLyb| LvZvUv memgq wb‡Ri Kv‡QB ivLyb| Aemi mg‡q Dwë‡q
†`Lyb| Kv‡R jvM‡e|
8) †bwZevPK K_v/wPšÍv †_‡K weiZ _vKzbt g‡bi fz‡jI KL‡bv †bwZevPK wPšÍv Ki‡eb bv
A_ev wb‡R‡K ej‡eb bv|
Don’t Say:
• You will never learn English.
• Why do I always make mistakes? I am so stupid.
• I never know what to say. English is so hard.
9) j¶¨ wba©viY Kiybt Avcwb KZw`‡bi g‡a¨ wb‡R‡K †Kvb RvqMvq †`L‡Z Pvb, KZUzKz
fv‡jv Bs‡iwR Rvb‡Z Pvb Zv wb‡R wb‡RB wba©viY Kiyb| wb‡Ri mvg‡b GKUv j¶¨ wba©viY
Kiyb| Avcbvi †kLvq MwZ Avm‡e|
10) bZzb wKQz Kiybt e„‡Ëi evB‡i wM‡q fve‡Z wkLyb| mevB †hfv‡e †k‡L, †mfv‡e bv wk‡L
GKUz Ab¨fv‡e †kLvi †Póv Kiyb|
• Try listening to English podcast.
• Take an online English class.
• Listen to music in English.
• Watch TV or news in English.
• Watch YouTube English Lessons
• Take a class from a different teacher.
• Do a language exchange online or in your city
• Find an English speaking friend (native or not)

Structure 3: Subject + will be + Determiner + Noun / Adjective / D. + Adjective + Noun (KZ©v wK n‡e ev †Kgb n‡e
eySv‡Z- Future Indefinite Tense):
Examples:
Avwg GKRb †jLK ne|  I will be a writer. 2. Zywg GKRb wkÿK n‡e|  You will be a teacher. 3. †m GKRb Wv³vi n‡e|  He
will be a doctor. 4. Avgiv H †`‡ki bvMwiK ne|  We will be the citizens of that country. 5. Zviv K¬vewUi m`m¨ n‡e|  They
will be the members of the club. 6. Zviv wK K¬vewUi m`m¨ n‡e?  Will they be the members of the club? 7. Zywg msev`wU †R‡b
Avðh© n‡e|  You will be surprised to know the news. 8. Zzwg/ †Zvgiv †R‡b Avbw›`Z n‡e †h Avgiv GKwU eb‡fvR‡b hvIqvi wm×všÍ
wb‡qwQ|  You will be glad to know that we have decided to go on a picnic. 9. Zviv wK mr n‡e?  Will they be honest?
10. Zywg wK Bs‡iwR wkL‡Z AvMÕnx n‡e?  Will you be interested to learn English? 11. ‡m wK Zvi eÜzi †P‡q Av‡iv †PØKm n‡e? 
Will he be smarter than his friend?
Structure 4: Subject + have been / has been + Determiner + Noun / Adjective / D. + Adjective + Noun + since /
for + time. (AZx‡Zi GKwU mgq †_‡K ïiæ K‡i eZ©gvb ch©šÍ KZ©v wKQz n‡q Av‡Q ev †Kgb n‡q Av‡Q Ggb
eySv‡Z- Present Perfect Tense):
Examples:
1. 2016 mvj †_‡K Avwg G cÕwZôv‡bi GKRb wkÿK|  I have been a teacher of this institution since 2016.
2. Avgvi gv mvZ w`b hver Amy¯’|  My mother has been ill for seven days.
3. Zywg ïiæ †_‡K cwikÕgx|  You have been hard-working since the beginning.
4. evjKwU Zvi ˆkke Kvj †_‡K mr|  The boy has been honest since his childhood.
5. Rb¥ †_‡K Zywg GKRb fvM¨evb gvbyl|  You have been a lucky man since your birth.
Self-test - 101
Translate the following Bangla sentences into English:
1. Zviv Bs‡iwR wkL‡Z AvMÕnx| 2. Zzwg wK Bs‡iwR wkL‡Z AvMÕnx? 3. †jvK¸‡jv Ly&e mr| 4. Zvi evev GKRb cÕ‡KØkjx| 5. †Kb Zywg wbivk? 6. Avwg
Avgvi fwel¨r m¤ú‡K© wbivk bB| 7. Avgiv Avgv‡`i mdjZvi e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ| 8. ‡Kb Zywg KvRwU Ki‡Z AvMÕnx wQ‡j bv? 9. Zviv G e¨vcv‡i A‡bK
AvšÍwiK wQj| 10. †jvK¸‡jv wK AwZw_civqY wQj bv? 11. Zviv A‡bK AwZw_ civqb wQj| 12. wKfv‡e Avgiv Rxe‡b mdj ne? 13. †jvKUv wK
wkwÿZ wQj? 14. ‡jvKUv wkwÿZ wQj bv| 15. Zzwg wK GKRb Wv³vi n‡e? 16. Zvi fvB mvZ w`b hver nvmcvZv‡j Av‡Q| 17. ‡m wK Bs‡iwR‡Z `ÿ?
18. †m wK Bs‡iwR‡Z `ÿ wQj? 19. †m wK Bs‡iwR‡Z `ÿ wQj bv? 20. †jvK¸‡jv wK ÿzavZ© wQj bv? 21. Zywg wK †Zvgvi mdjZvi e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ
wQ‡j?

‡h ‡Kv‡bv evsjv evK¨‡K ZvrÿwYK Bs‡iwR‡Z Translate Ki‡Z mÿg nIqvi c~e©kZ©¸‡jv n‡jv:
1) Vocabulary-i Dci fv‡jv `Lj _vK‡Z n‡e|
2) Tense & Voice-Gi Structure ¸‡jvi Dci cwic~Y© `Lj _vK‡Z n‡e Ges †m¸‡jv eënvi K‡i ZvrÿwYK GKvwaK D`vniY
ˆZwi Kivi `ÿZv _vK‡Z n‡e|
3) Phrase, Clause Ges Changing Sentence-Gi Dci fv‡jv `Lj _vK‡Z n‡e|
4) Non-Finite Verb (A_©vr Gerund, Infinitive Ges Participle) eënv‡ii †ÿÎMy‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e Rvbv _vK‡Z n‡e|
5) Noun, Adjective I Adverb eënv‡ii †ÿÎ¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e Rvbv _vK‡Z n‡e|
5) Sentence Joining m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e|
6) Sentence Extension Method m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e|
NB: Abyw`Z evK¨wU 100% wbf©yj nIqvi Rb¨ Grammar-Gi me Section-Gi DciB fv‡jv `Lj _vK‡Z nq | Z‡e, Dc‡i
D‡jøwLZ welqMy‡jvi Dci fv‡jv `Lj †i‡L wb‡Pi dg©~jv¸‡jv Apply K‡i †Kvb evsjv evK¨‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z Translate Ki‡j
mn‡R GKwU wbfz©j evK¨ ˆZwi Kiv hvq |
dg~©jv 1: ‡K / Kx + wµqv + wK / Kv‡K + wKfv‡e + †Kv_vq + KLb |
dg~jv 2: †K / Kx + wµqv + †Kv_vq + †Kb / wK Kvi‡Y / wK‡mi Rb¨ / wK D‡Ï‡k¨ |
dg~©jv 3: †K / Kx + wµqv (Usually Be) + †Kgb?
Note:  wµqv‡K †K / Kx Øviv cÕkœ Ki‡j Verb Gi Subject cvIqv hvq Ges Subject-Gi RvqMvq Noun / Noun Phrase
/ Pronoun _vK‡e| (Note: Subject-wU e¨w³evPK n‡j Ges Verb wU Passive n‡j Subject †ei Kivi Rb¨
ÔKv‡K / Kv‡ì‡KÕ Øviv cÕkœ Ki‡Z n‡e|)
 wµqv‡K Kx / Kv‡K Øviv cÕkœ Ki‡j Verb Gi Complement cvIqv hv‡e Ges Complement-Gi RvqMvq Noun /
Noun Phrase / Pronoun / Adjective _vK‡e|
 wµqv‡K ÔwKfv‡eÕ Øviv cÕkœ Ki‡j DË‡i wµqvi Manner ev aiY cvIqv hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î GKwU Adverb of
Manner ev Adverb Phrase of Manner Avm‡e|
 wµqv‡K †Kv_vq Øviv cÕkœ Ki‡j DË‡i GKwU Adverb of Place ev Adverb Phrase of Place Avm‡e|
 wµqv‡K KLb Øviv cÕkœ Ki‡j DË‡i GKwU Adverb of Time ev Adverb Phrase of Time Avm‡e|
Note: meMy‡jv Adverbial me ev‡K¨ bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e, Giv G‡ì avivevwnKZv eRvq iv‡L| G‡ÿ‡Î G‡ì avivevwnKZv
n‡e: Manner  Place  Time. Short Technique: M.P.T. awi, ev‡K¨ Manner †bB, Zvn‡j Place GesTime e‡m hv‡e|
Avevi hw` Place bv _v‡K, Zvn‡j Manner Ges Time e‡m hv‡e|
Note: ‡ewkifvM †ÿ‡Î evsjv ev‡Kï GK`g †k‡l wµqv _v‡K|
wb‡¤œ K‡qKwU D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g Dc‡ii welq¸‡jv ¯úó Kiv n‡jv:
Example:
1. kÖwgK¸‡jv mviveQi a‡i KviLvbvwU‡Z `ÿZvi mv‡_ wewfbœ ai‡Yi cY¨ Drcv`b K‡i |
1 6 5 4 3 2
dg~©jv 1:
1. †K cÕ¯`Z K‡i ?  The workers (Subject) 5. †Kv_vq cÕ¯ÍyZ K‡i?  in the factory (Adverb of Place)
2. wµqv / KvR  produce (Verb) 6. KLb cÕ¯`Z K‡i?  all the year round. (Adverb of Time)
3. Kx cÕ¯`Z K‡i?  different kinds of products (Complement)
4. wKfv‡e cÕ¯`Z K‡i?  skillfully (Adverb of Manner)
myZivs, GLb Lye mn‡RB evK¨wU‡K k„y×fv‡e †jLv hvq:
 The workers produce different kinds of products skillfully in the factory all the year round.
2. †g‡n`x GKwU eB wKb‡Z jvB‡eªwi‡Z hv‡”Q |

dg~©jv 2:
1. †K hv‡”Q ?  Mehedi 2. wµqv / KvR  is going
3. ‡Kv_vq hv‡”Q?  to library 4. †Kb/ wK Kvi‡Y/ wK‡mi Rb¨/ wK D‡Ï‡k¨?  to buy a book / for buying a book.
Note: †Kb / wK Kvi‡Y / wK‡mi Rb¨ / wK D‡Ï‡k¨ - GB cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `yBfv‡e Kiv hvq:
 To + V1 + Extension.  For + V1 + ing + Extension.
myZivs, GLb Lye mn‡RB evK¨wU‡K ky×fv‡e †jLv hvq: Mehedi is going to library to buy a book / for buying a book.
3. evsjv‡`k GKwU Mwie †`k |
dg~©jv 3:
1. †K / ‡Kvb †`k ?  Bangladesh
2. wµqv (Usually Be)  is
3. †Kgb †`k?  a poor country.
myZivs, GLb Lye mn‡RB evK¨wU‡K k„y×fv‡e †jLv hvq:  Bangladesh is a poor country.
4. †`wi Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡K wZi¯‹vi Kiv n‡qwQj |
1. Kv‡K wZi¯‹vi Kiv n‡qwQj?  He (Subject)
2. wµqv  was scolded (Passive Verb)
3. wK‡mi Rb¨?  for being late. (Extension)
myZivs, GLb Lye mn‡RB evK¨wU‡K k„y×fv‡e †jLv hvq:  He was scolded for being late.
Dc‡ii ev‡Kï Verb-wU Passice Form-G _vKvi Kvi‡Y Avgiv wµqv‡K ÔKv‡K× Øviv cÕkœ K‡i Subject †ei K‡iwQ|
5. GB evwowU 1935 mv‡j wbg©vY Kiv n‡qwQj |
1. Kx wbg©vY Kiv n‡qwQj?  This house (Subject)
2. wµqv  was built (Passive Verb)
3. KLb?  in 1935
myZivs, GLb Lye mn‡RB evK¨wU‡K k„y×fv‡e †jLv hvq:  This house was built in 1935.
***Dc‡ii ev‡Kï Verb-wU Passice Form-G Av‡Q Ges Avgiv wµqv‡K ÔKxÕ Øviv cÕkœ K‡i Subject †ei K‡iwQ|
Structure 1: Subject + have/ has + Determiner + Noun/ Adj.+ Noun (Kv‡iv wKQz Av‡Q eySv‡Z-Present Indefinite Tense):
Examples:
1. evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK HwZnvwmK ¯’vb Av‡Q|  Bangladesh has many historical places.
2. ‡jvKwUi GKwU my›ì `„wófw½ i‡q‡Q|  The man has a nice attitude.
3. Avgv‡ì mvs¯‹…wZKfv‡e AMÕmi GKwU mgvR i‡q‡Q|  We have a culturally advanced society
Structure 2: Subject + does not / do not + have + Determiner + Noun / Adjective + Noun (Kv‡iv wKQz †bB eySv‡Z):
Examples:
1. Avgvi Mvwo †bB|  I don’t have a car.
2. ‡Zvgvi mZZv †bB|  You don’t have honesty.
3. Zvi eyw×gËv †bB|  He doesn’t have intelligence.
4. Mixe †jvKwUi †Kv‡bv Avkªq †bB|  The poor man doesn’t
have any shelter.
Structure 3: Do / does + Subject + (not) + have + Noun / Adjective + Noun? (Kv‡iv wKQz Av‡Q bvwK †bB Ggb cÖkœ
Have Verb
KZ©vi wKQz Av‡Q, ‡bB, wQj, wQj bv, _vK‡e, _vK‡e bv Gi~c A_© cÖKv‡ki †ÿ‡Î Principal Verb
wn‡m‡e Have / Has / Had / (Will) have Gi eënvi |

Ki‡Z):
Examples:
1. ‡Zvgvi Kv‡Q wKQz UvKv Av‡Q?  Do you have some money? 2. Zvi wK Mvwo Av‡Q?  Does he have a car? 3. Zvi wK Mvwo †bB?
 Doesn’t he have a car?
4. ‡jvKwUi wK †Kv‡bv evwo †bB?  Doesn’t the man have any house? 5. ‡Zvgvi wK †Kv‡bv eÜy †bB?  Don’t you have any
friend? 6. ‡Kb †Zvgvi †Kv‡bv eÜz †bB?  Why don’t you have any friend?
Structure 4: Subject + Had + Determiner + Noun / Adjective + Noun (Kv‡iv wKQz wQj eySv‡Z - Past Indefinite Tense):
Examples:
1. Avgvi GKwU Kw¤úDUvi wQj|  I had a computer. 2. ‡Zvgvi mZZv wQj|  You had honesty. 3. Avgv‡ì wKQz `vwqZ¡ wQj|
 We had some duties. 4. ‡jvKwUi GKwU cyÎ wQj|  The man had a son. 5. evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU †MØiegq AZxZ wQj| 
Bangladesh had a glorious past. 6. Avgv‡ì wµ‡KU g¨vPwU Dc‡fvM Kivi GKwU my‡hvM wQj|  We had an opportunity to enjoy
the cricket match.
Structure 5: Subject + did not + have + Determiner + Noun / Adjective + Noun (Kv‡iv wKQz wQj bv eySv‡Z):
Examples:
1. Avgvi †Kv‡bv Mvwo wQj bv|  I didn’t have any car. 2. ‡Zvgvi †Kv‡bv mgm¨v wQj bv|  You didn’t have any problem. 3.
Avgv‡ì †Kv‡bv AvkÕq wQj bv|  We didn’t have any shelter. 4. gwnjv‡ì evB‡i hvIqvi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM wQj bv|  The women didn’t
have any opportunity to go out.
Structure 6: Did + Subject + have + Determiner + Noun/ Adjective + Noun? (Kv‡iv wKQz wQj wKbv Ggb cÖkœ Ki‡Z): Examples:
1. Avgvi wK †Kv‡bv fzj wQj?  Did I have any mistake? 2. Avgvi wK †Kv‡bv Ae`vb wQj bv?  Didn’t I have any contribution? 3.
‡Zvgvi †Kv‡bv AskMÕnY wQj bv|  You didn’t have any participation.
4. Zvi †Kv‡bv fvj eÜz wQj bv|  He didn’t have any good friend. 5. evsj‡`‡ki wK †Kv‡bv †MØiegq AZxZ wQj bv?  Didn’t
Bangladesh have any glorious past? 6. ‡Kb †Zvgvi KvRwU Kivi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM wQj bv?  Why didn’t you have any
opportunity to do the work?
Structure 7: Subject + will have + Determiner + Noun/ Adjective + Noun.
(Kv‡iv wKQz _vK‡e Ggb eySv‡Z- Future Indefinite Tense):
Examples:
1. Avgvi GKwU my‡hvM _vK‡e|  I will have an opportunity.
2. ‡Zvgvi GKwU my›ì Kÿ _vK‡e|  You will have a nice room.
3. Zv‡ì wKQz mgm¨v _vK‡e|  They will have some problems.
Structure 8: Will + Subject + have + D. + Noun/ Adjective + Noun?
(Kv‡iv wKQz _vK‡e wKbv Ggb cÖkœ Ki‡Z):
Examples:
1. Avgvi wK GKwU Mvwo _vK‡e?  Will I have a car? 2. ‡Zvgvi wK †mLv‡b GKwU mg„× Rxeb _vK‡e?  Will you have a prosperous
life there? 3. ‡Kb welqUv m¤ú‡K© †Zvgvi wKQz ejvi _vK‡e bv?  Why won’t you have anything to say about the matter?
Answer key to Self-test - 101
1 They are interested / eagar to learn English. 2 Are you interested to learn English?
3 The men are very honest. 4 His father is an engineer.
5 Why are you hopeless / pessimistic / disappointed? 6 I am not hopeless about my future.
7 We are sure of our success. 8 Why weren‟t you interested to do the work?
9 They were very sincere about this matter. 10 Weren‟t the men hospitable?
11 They were very hospitable. 12 How will we be successful in life?
13 Was the man educated? 14 The man wasn‟t educated.
15 Will you be a doctor? 16 His brother has been in hospital for seven days.
17 Is he good at English? 18 Was he good at English?
19 Wasn‟t he good at English? 20 Weren‟t the people hungry?
21 Were you sure of your success?
Self-test -102

1. QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì wKQz KvR I `vwqZ¡ Av‡Q| 2. Zvi wKQz mgm¨v Av‡Q| 3. Zvi wK †Kv‡bv mgm¨v Av‡Q? 4. Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †bB| 5.
‡Zvgvi wK eBwU Av‡Q? 6. ‡Zvgvi wK †Kv‡bv cvm‡cvU© †bB? 7. ‡Zvgvi wK †Kv‡bv cvm‡cvU© wQj bv? 8. Avgv‡ì GKwU D‡ËRbvKi
wµ‡KU g¨vP Dc‡fvM Kivi my‡hvM wQj| 9. †Zvgvi wK †mLv‡b hvIqvi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM _vK‡e? 10. †Kb †Zvgvi KvRwU Kivi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM
_vK‡e bv? 11. Avgvi wK PvKzwiwU Kivi †Kv‡bv †hvM¨Zv †bB? 12. †Zvgvi mZZv †bB| 13. Zvi wK mZZv †bB? 14. Zv‡ì wK b~b¨Zg
mvaviY Ávb †bB? 15. †jvKUvi wK †Kv‡bv eÜz wQj bv? 16. †Kb Zvi †Kv‡bv eÜz wQj bv?
S
L
Present Indefinite
mvaviYfv‡e †Kv‡bv wel‡qi eY©bv w`‡Z, memgq ev evievi N‡U Ggb wKQz cÖKvk Ki‡Z, wPišÍb mZ¨, mvaviY mZ¨
HwZnvwmK mZ¨, êÁvwbK mZ¨, ixwZ, Af¨vm, ‡jL‡Ki DØ„wZ, KweZvi jvBb BZ¨vw` ‡ÿ‡Î Present Indefinite Tense
eëüZ nq |
Affirmative:  Subject + V1 (s / es) + Object / Extension.
Negative:  Subject + do not / does not + V1 + Obj. / Ext.
Interrogative:  (WH words – if needed) do / does + S + V1 + Obj. / ext.?
Negative Interrogative:  (WH – if needed) don‟t / doesn‟t + S + V1 + Obj. / ext.?
Imperative:  V1+ Obj. / Ext.  Don‟t + V1 + Ext.
 Let + Obj. + V1 + Obj. / Ext.  Let‟s + V1 + Obj. / ext.
Optative:  May + S + V1 + Obj. / ext.
Exclamatory:  What a / an + Adjective + Noun + S + Verb!
 How + Adjective / Adverb + Noun + S + Verb!
Note: Sub. 3rd person Singular n‡j Verb Gi mv‡_ S / es hy³ Ki‡Z nq|
Passive:  S + am / is / are (not) + V3 + by + agent / ext.
 (WH words – if needed) Am / is / are + S + V3 + by + agent / Ext. ( To make a question)
 Let + Obj. + be + V3 + Ext.
1 Avgv‡ì K‡jR mKvj 10 Uvq ïiæ nq Ges 3:30 Uvq QzwU
nq|
Our college starts at 10:00 a.m. and breaks up at 3:00 p.m.
2 Avgvi g‡b nq †jvKUv mr| I think the man is honest.
3 Avwg GB bxwZ mg_©b Kwi bv| I don‟t support this policy.
4 Zzwg wK Rvb bv †h Bs‡iwR GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK fvlv? Don‟t you know that English is an international language?
5 ‡Kb Zzwg Bs‡iwR wkL bv? Why don‟t you learn English?
6 Zviv Bs‡iwR wkL‡Z Pvq bv| They don‟t want to learn English.
7 ‡Zvgv‡ì K‡j‡R wKfv‡e Bs‡iwR †kLv‡bv nq? How is English taught in your college?
8 iæcv wK‡mi Rb¨ eëüZ nq? What is silver used for?
9 ‡Kb ‡jvKUv‡K Gfv‡e Acgvb Kiv nq? Why is the man insulted in this way?
10 Zzwg wK †jvKUv‡K †Pb? Do you know the man?
11 ‡g‡q¸‡jv wK mvuZvi KvuU‡Z Rv‡b? Do the girls know how to swim?
12 Zviv wK †Zvgv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i bv? Don‟t they help you?
13 Zzwg wK wbqwgZ K‡j‡R hvI bv? Don‟t you go to college regularly?
14 ‡Kb Zzwg wbqwgZ K‡j‡R hvI bv? Why don‟t you go to college regularly?
15 cwi‡ek wKfv‡e `~wlZ nq? How is environment polluted?
16 ‡m Avgv‡K wei³ K‡i bv| He doesn‟t disturb me.
17 Zzwg †ewk K_v ej| You talk too much.
18 Gÿywb evwo wd‡i hvI| Go back home at once.
19 Avgv‡K wKQz ej‡Z `vI| Let me say something.
20 Avgv‡K †kl Ki‡Z `vI| Let me finish.
21 Avgv‡K †evKv evbv‡bvi †Póv K‡iv bv| Don‟t try to befool me.
22 P‡jv mgvRUv‡K e`‡j †`B| Let‟s change the society.
23 Avjøvn †Zvgv‡K iÿv KiæY| May Allah save you.

24 Zzwg Rxe‡b mdj nI| May you be successful in life.
25 wK wejvmeûj Rxeb †m hvcb K‡i! What a luxurious life he leads!
26 Mixe †jvKMy‡jv KZ Amnvq! How helpless the poor people are!
27 nvq! †jvKUv Avi ‡bB| Alas! The man is no more.
28 KvRwU Kiv ‡nvK| Let the work be done.
29 jvBbwU/ QÎwU †Ku‡U `vI| Pen through the line.
30 PvivwU‡Z cvwb `vI| Water the plant.
31 wb‡Ri PiKvq †Zj `vI| Oil your own machine.
Self-test -103
1. Avwg memgq †mLv‡b hvB| 2. Avwg wbqwgZ wek¦we`¨vj‡q hvB bv| 3. Zywg Avgv‡K mvnh¨ Ki bv| 4. †m Avgv‡K mg_©b K‡i bv|
5. Avwg gv‡Sgv‡S Bs‡iwR ewj| 6. mviv we‡k¦ Bs‡iwR ejv nq| 7. Avgv‡ì‡K K_v ejvi my‡hvM †Ìqv nq|
8. Avgv‡ì‡K K_v ejvi my‡hvM †Ìqv nq bv|
9. †Kb Avgv‡ì‡K K_v ejvi my‡hvM †Ìqv nq bv?
10. jvB‡eªix‡Z eB wewµ nq| 11. cÕwZeQi GLv‡b GKwU eB †gjv AbywôZ nq|
12. wKfv‡e fvlv †kLv nq? 13. wKfv‡e cvnvo MwVZ nq? 14. iƒcv wK‡mi Rb¨ eëüZ nq?
15. †Kv_vq dj wewµ nq? 16. Zywg wK Rvb bv †h Bs‡iwR GKwU AvšÍRv©wZK fvlv?
17. †Kb Zzwg Bs‡iwR ‡kL bv? 18. †Kv_vq Bs‡iwR †kLv‡bv nq?
19. GUv wek¦vm Kiv nq †h †jvKUv mr|
20. †Zvgvi eÜz wK †Zvgv‡K KvRUv Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i bv?

Dialogue on the Importance of English
John: Hello! How are you?
Milton: Pretty well / fine / so so / thanks and
you?
John: I am also fine by the grace of Allah.
. John: Does your teacher give you any advice?
Milton: He always advises us to practise English by talking with anybody
such as with our friends, classmates or with our family members whenever we
get the scope.
John: Why do you learn English? I mean, why
are you interested to learn English?
Milton: Don‟t you know that English is an
international language? Though it‟s not our
mother tongue, the importance of English can‟t be
ignored
John: Do you practise English everyday?
Milton: Yes, I do.
John: How can you explain this?
Milton: Learning Englsih is being / getting
popular day by day. Englsih is so important that
we can‟t move without English
John: Does your teacher teach any grammar?
Milton: Yes, he teaches grammar and that‟s not very complex. He says that
grammar is one kind of technique to learn a language.
John: But I think it‟s difficult to learn English.
Milton: Why do you think it difficult?
John: Because there is no scope to learn
English well. Traditional grammars are not
enough to learn English correctly.
Milton: But we’re lucky enough that we have
an opportunity to learn English properly.
John: Does he give you new words?
Milton: Yes, he does.
John: Where are you learning English?
Milton: I‟m learning English from Rubel‟s English
Language Clinic.
John: What is the benefit of learning English in our individual life?
Milton: To speak frankly, spoken English is the demand of modern world. Not
only in our individual or personal life but also in our official, professional or
international life we need Englsih.
John: Where does it locate?
Milton: It‟s situated at Ramchandrapur in
Comilla.
John: Would you please make these points clear?
Milton: You know well that to get a good job, to talk with foreigners, to
maintain international dealings or if you go abroad, you need English for easy
communication. Besides, to face any competitive exam or official affairs we
can‟t ignore English.
John: Can you speak English fluently?
Milton: No, I can‟t but I‟m trying.
John: Now I can understand the importance of learning English. I also feel the
necessity of learning English.
Milton: Our teacher says, “To learn a language is to win a nation.” So we
should have due interest to learn
a language
John: Can you speak English correctly?
Milton: I try to speak. Our teacher tells us to
speak English all the time so that we can speak
English
John: How much time will it take to learn Spoken
English?
Milton: At least, it will take three months.
John: Are you able to speak correct English?
Milton: Sometimes I feel hesitation because I think that others may laugh at
me if I make mistakes.
John: At the beginning everything seems to be tough, but you know practice
makes a man perfect. So you should not have any hesitation while speaking
English.

Tongue Twisters for Fluency
#1#
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
(wcUvi cvBcvi GK †VvKi gwi‡Pi AvPvi wb†qwQj |)
Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers?
(wcUvi cvBcvi wK GK †VvKi gwi‡Pi AvPvi wb‡qwQj ?)
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
(hw` wcUvi cvBcvi GK †VvKi gwi‡Pi AvPvi wb‡q _v‡K)
Where‘s the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?
(Z‡e gwi‡Pi AvPv‡ii g‡a¨ †VvKiwU †Kv_vq?)
#2#
Betty Botter had some butter, (‡ewU eUv‡ii wKQz gvLb wQj)
―But,‖ she said, ―this butter‘s bitter. (wKš`, †m ejj, gvLbwU †Z‡Zv)
If I bake this bitter butter, (hw` Avwg GB †Z‡Zv gvLbwU †kuwK,)
it would make my batter bitter. (Avgvi Zij KvB †Z‡Zv n‡q hv‡e |)
But a bit of better butter— (wKš` GKUz fvj gvLb --)
That would make my batter better.‖ (Avgvi Zij KvB‡K Av‡iv fv‡jv Ki‡e |)
So she bought a bit of butter, (ZvB †m GKUz gvLb wKbj,)
Better than her bitter butter, (Zvi †Z‡Zv gvL‡bi †P‡q fv‡jv,)
and she baked it in her batter, (Ges GUv‡K †m Zvi Zij KvB‡qi g‡a¨ †kuK‡jv,)
and ‗twas better Batty Botter (Ges †ewU eUvi wVK wQj)
bought a bit of better butter. (wKQz fvj gvLb †Kbvq |)
#3#
A big black bug bit a big black bear (GKwU eo Kv‡jv
Qvo‡cvKv GKwU eo Kv‡jv fvjøyK‡K Kvgo w`j)
made the big black bear bleed blood.
(G‡Z eo Kv‡jv fvjøyKwUi i³ So‡jv |)
#4#
One smart fellow, he felt smart.
Two smart fellows, they felt smart.
Three smart fellows, they all felt smart.

Present Continuous Tense
eZ©gv‡b †Kv‡bv KvR Pj‡Q ev †KD †Kv‡bv wKQz Ki‡Q Ggb eySv‡Z Present Continuous Tense eëüZ nq |
Affirmative: Subject + am / is / are + V1+ ing + Object / Extension. (KiwQ / KiQ / Ki‡Q)
Negative: Subject + am / is / are + not + V1 + ing + Obj. / Ext. (KiwQ bv / KiQ bv / Ki‡Q bv)
Interrogative: (WH words – if needed) Am / is / are + S + V1 + ing + Obj. / ext.?
Negative Interrogative: (WH – if needed) Am / is / are + S + not + V1 + ing + Obj. / ext.?
Passive: S + am / is / are (not) + being + V3 + by + agent / ext. (Kiv n‡”Q)
(WH words – if needed) Am / is / are + S + being + V3 + by + agent / Ext.? ( To make a question)
Examples:
1 Avwg mgm¨vwU mgvavb Kivi †Póv KiwQ| I am trying to solve the problem.
2 ‡m GLb co‡Q| He is reading now.
3 Avgv‡ì †`‡ki RbmsL¨v ax‡i ax‡i evo‡Q| The population of our country is increasing gradually.
4 KvRwU wK †kl n‡”Q? Is the work being finished?
5 Avi e„wó n‡”Q bv| It is not raining any more.
6 ILv‡b wK n‡”Q? What is going on there?
7 AvR Avgiv K‡Vvi KvR KiwQ| We are working hard today.
8 ‡Kb mgm¨vwU mgvavb Kiv n‡”Q bv? Why is the problem not being solved?
9 wbwe©Pv‡i gvby‡li `¦viv gvbyl nZ¨v Kiv n‡”Q| Men are being killed by men indiscriminately.
10 Avgiv GLb Bs‡iwR wkLwQ bv| We are not learning English now.
11 cwi‡ek wK wewfbœfv‡e `~wlZ n‡”Q bv? Isn‟t the environment being polluted in many ways?
12 Zv‡ì‡K wK Acgvb Kiv n‡”Q? Are they being insulted?
13 ‡m wK AvR K‡j‡R hv‡”Q bv? Isn‟t he going to college today?
14 Zzwg wK wKQy fveQ? Are you thinking something?
15 Zzwg wK fveQ? What are you thinking?
16 Zviv †Kv_vq hv‡”Q? Where are they going?
17 Zv‡ì‡K ‡Kv_vq ‡bIqv n‡”Q? Where are they being taken?
18 ‡jvK¸‡jv‡K KvivMv‡i AZ¨vPvi Kiv n‡”Q| The men are being tortured in the prison.
19 ‡Kb Avgv‡K wek¦vm Kiv n‡”Q bv? Why am I not being believed?
20 miKvi mgm¨vwU mgvavb Ki‡Z wKQz c`‡ÿc wb‡”Q| The government is taking some steps to solve the problem.
Self-test - 4
1. GB g~û‡Z© Avwg Avgvi covi K‡ÿ cowQ| 2. Zzwg Avgv‡K wei³ KiQ|
3. MÛ‡Mvj K‡iv bv, wkïwU Nygv‡”Q| 4. Avwg Avgvi Awd‡m AvwQ| Avwg GLb KvR KiwQ|
5. QvÎwU GKUv fzj K‡i‡Q| G Kvi‡Y, Zv‡K GLb kvw¯Í †`qv n‡”Q|
6. Zviv GB g~û‡Z© iv‡Zi Lvevi Lv‡”Q| 7. cÕwZw`b †m ev‡m P‡o K‡j‡R hvq, wKš` AvR hv‡”Q †Uª‡b| 8. Avgv‡ì cwi‡ek w`b w`b `~wlZ n‡”Q| 9.
†m †Kb Kvu`‡Q? 10. Avwg wK †Zvgv‡K wei³ KiwQ? 11. ‡m †Kv_vq hv‡”Q? 12. †Kb Avgv‡K wei³ Kiv n‡”Q? 13. wKfv‡e cwi‡ek `~wlZ n‡”Q? 14.
Avgv‡ì †`‡ki RbmsL¨v w`b w`b evo‡Q| 15. †Kb wbwe©Pv‡i gvbyl nZ¨v Kiv n‡”Q? 16. Zviv wK KvRwU Kivi †Póv Ki‡Q? 17. Avgiv wK †Kv‡bv fzj
KiwQ? 18. miKvi wK †Kv‡bv c`‡ÿc wb‡”Q? 19. mgm¨vwU mgvavb Kivi Rb¨ wKQz ¸iZ¡c~Y© c`‡ÿc †bIqv n‡”Q| 20. †jvKUv‡K AKvi‡Y AZ¨vPvi
Kiv n‡”Q|

Present Perfect Tense
eZ©gv‡b ‡KD †Kv‡bv KvR m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q Ggb eySv‡Z Present Perfect Tense eëüZ nq |
Affirmative: Subject + have / has + V3 + Object / Extension. (K‡iwQ / K‡iQ / K‡i‡Q)
Negative: Subject + have / has + not + V3 + Object / Ext. (Kwiwb / Kiwb / K‡iwb)
Interrogative: (WH words – if needed) Have/ has + S + V3 + Object / ext.?
Negative Interrogative: (WH – if needed) Have / has + S + not + V3 + Object / ext.?
Passive: Sub. + have/ has (not) + been + V3 + by + agent/ ext. (Kiv nqwb)
(WH words – if needed) Have/ has + S + been + V3 + by + agent / Ext.? ( To make a question)
1 Zywg cixÿvq A‡bK fv‡jv K‡iQ| You have done very well in the exam.
2 Avwg cixÿvq Lvivc Kwiwb| I haven‟t done bad in the exam.
3 Zzwg wK cixÿvq wR.wc.G.-5 ‡c‡qQ? Have you got GPA-5 in the exam?
4 ‡Kb Zzwg Zv‡K Acgvb K‡iQ? Why have you insulted him?
5 wKfv‡e Zzwg KvRwU K‡iQ? How have you done the work?
6 Avgv‡K †mLv‡b wbgš¿Y Kiv n‡q‡Q| I have been invited there.
7 eBwU wK ‡jLv n‡q‡Q? Has the book been written?
8 Zv‡ì†K ‡Kv_vq †bIqv n‡q‡Q? Where have they been taken?
9 KvRwU †kl Kiv n‡q‡Q| The work has been finished.
10 Avgiv G‡K Aci‡K `xN©w`b a‡i ‡`wL wb| We have not seen each other for a long time.
11 Zzwg wK KL‡bv fvi‡Z wM‡qQ? Have you ever been to India?
12 Zzwg Kv‡K †W‡KQ? Whom have you called?
13 Kv‡K WvKv n‡q‡Q? Who has been called?
14 wKQz bZzb cY¨ wK Avg`vwb Kiv n‡q‡Q? Have some new products been imported?
15 Avgvi †gvevBjwU Pzwi n‡q †M‡Q| My mobile has been stolen.
16 ‡Zvgv‡K we‡q‡Z wbgš¿Y Kiv n‡q‡Q| †Kb Zzwg hvI wb? You have been invited to the wedding. Why haven‟t you gone?
17 evey Zvi PvwewU LuyR‡Q| †m GUv cv‡”Q bv| †m Zvi Pvwe
nvwi‡q‡Q|
Babu is looking for his key. He can‟t find it. He has lost his
key.
18 Ôwcqvm wK GLv‡b?× Ôbv, †m evB‡i †M‡Q|× „Is Pias here?‟ „No, he has gone out.‟
19 ÔZzwg wK ÿyavZ©?Õ
Ôbv, Avwg GKUz Av‡M `ycy‡ii Lvevi †L‡qwQ|×
„Are you hungry?‟ „No, I have just had lunch.‟
20 Avwg wPwVwU wj‡LwQ, wKš` Avwg GL‡bv GUv cvVvBwb| I have written the letter, but I haven‟t sent it yet.
21 GB †h, Zzwg wK GBgvÎ †cØ‡QQ? Hello. Have you just arrived?
22 ÔwPwVUv cvVv‡Z fz‡jv bv|×
ÔAvwg B‡Zvg‡a¨ GUv cvwV‡qwQ|×
„Don‟t forget to send the letter.‟
„I‟ve already sent it.‟
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
‡Kv‡bv KvR c~‡e© Avi¤¢ n‡q eZ©gvb mgq ch©šÍ Pj‡Q eySv‡j Present Perfect Continuous Tense eëüZ nq |
Affirmative: Subject + have / has + been + V1 + ing + Object / Extension + for / since + time.
Interrogative: (WH words – if needed) Have / has + S + been + V1 + ing + Object / Ext.?
1 mKvj †_‡K e„wó n‡”Q| It has been raining since morning.
2 Zviv Avgv‡ì Rb¨ 2 N›Uv a‡i A‡cÿv Ki‡Q| They have been waiting for us for 2 hours.
3 Zzwg KZÿY a‡i GLv‡b A‡cÿv KiQ? How long have you been waiting here?
4 evjK¸‡jv KZÿY †`Øov‡”Q? How long have the boys been running?

5 Avwg †Zvgv‡K Avav N›Uv a‡i LuyRwQ| I have been looking for you for half an hour.
6 ‡m mviv w`b †Uwjwfkb †`L‡Q| He has been watching television all day.
7 Zzwg KZw`b a‡i Bs‡iwR wkLQ? How long have you been learning English?
8 ‡Zvgvi Rvgv¸‡jv GZ †bvsiv †Kb? Zzwg wK KiQ? Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
9 mvwKe GKRb fv‡jv wµ‡KU †L‡jvqvi| †m AvU eQi †_‡K
‡Lj‡Q / †L‡j Avm‡Q|
Sakib is a good cricketer. He has been playing since he was
eight.
Self-test – 5 (Present perfect & Present Perfect Continuous)
1. Avwg m¤úªwZ Zv‡K †`‡LwQ| 2. Zzwg wK m¤úªwZ Zv‡K †`‡LQ?
3. Avwg B‡Zvg‡a¨ eBwU ‡jLv †kl K‡iwQ| 4. Zzwg cixÿvq A‡bK fv‡jv K‡iQ|
5. Zzwg †Kv_v †_‡K G‡mQ? 6. Zzwg wK †Zvgvi evwoi KvR †kl K‡iQ?
7. bv¯`vi ci †_‡K GL‡bv Avwg wKQz LvBwb| 8. mKvj †_‡K e„wó n‡”Q|
9. †Kv‡bv mgm¨vB GL‡bv mgvavb nqwb| 10. Zv‡K GKUv PvKzwi †`qv n‡q‡Q|
11. ‡Zvgv‡K wKQz ejvi my‡hvM †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|
12. m¤úªwZ evR‡i wewfbœ ai‡Yi †gvevBj †dvb Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q|
13. †Kb †jvKUv‡K PvKzwi †_‡K eiLv¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q?
14. Zywg KZÿY a‡i A‡cÿv KiQ?
15. Avwg 3 eQi hver GLv‡b KvR KiwQ| 16. †m GBgvÎ evB‡i †M‡Q|
17. †Kb †m evB‡i †M‡Q?
18. Zzwg wK KL‡bv XvKvq wM‡qQ?
19. WvKvwZi e¨vcv‡i `yRb‡K ‡MÕßvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| 20. 2006 mvj †_‡K Avwg Bs‡iwR wkLwQ|
Structure 1: Subject + V2 + Object / Extension. (KZ©v wKQz K‡iwQj eySv‡j- Past Indefinite Tense – Active):
Examples:
1. MZKvj Avwg GKwU gywf †`‡LwQjvg|  I watched a movie yesterday. 2. Avgiv GKRb Wv³vi †W‡K cvwV‡qwQjvg|  We called in a
doctor. 3. MZ eQi Zvi evev gviv wM‡qwQj|  His father died last year. 4. Zviv Avgv‡K wbgš¿Y K‡iwQj|  They invited me. 5.
Avgiv 30 wgwbU †dv‡b K_v e‡jwQjvg|  We talked over phone for 30 minutes. 5. kvnvbv 5 eQi hver Rvcvwb fvlv Aa¨qb K‡iwQj| 
Shahana studied Japanee language for 5 years. 6. Avwg KvRwU †kl Kijvg, ‰mK‡Z †un‡U †Mjvg Ges mvuZvi KvuUvi Rb¨ my›ì GKwU ¯’vb
Luy‡R †cjvg|  I finished the work, walked to the beach and found a nice place to swim.
Structure 2: (Wh-word – if needed) Did + Subject + V1 + Object / Extension? (KZ©v wKQz K‡iwQj bvwK K‡iwb Ñ Ggb
cÖkœ Kivi †ÿ‡Î - Past Indefinite Tense – Active):
Examples:
1. Avwg wK †jvKUv‡K mvnvh¨ Kwiwb?  Didn’t I help the man?
2. Zzwg wK MZKvj K‡j‡R hvI wb?  Didn’t you go to college yesterday?
3. †Kb Zzwg MZKvj K‡j‡R Avmwb?  Why didn’t you come to college yesterday?
4. MZKvj Zywg †Kv_vq wM‡qwQ‡j?  Where did you go yesterday? 5. ‡Kb Zywg †Zvgvi evevi mv‡_ Lvivc AvPiY K‡iwQ‡j?  Why did
you misbehave with your father? 6. Zviv wK †Zvgv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwb?  Didn’t they help you?
Structure 3: Subject + was / were + V3 + Extension / (by + agent). (KZ©v wb‡R wKQz K‡iwb eis KZ©v‡KB wKQz Kiv n‡qwQj A_ev wKQz
Kiv n‡qwQj ev msNwUZ n‡qwQj wKš` †K K‡iwQj †mUv ejv Riæwi bq Ñ Ggb †ÿÎ eySv‡j- Past Indefinite Tense –Passive):
Examples:
1. MZKvj Avgvi †gvevBjUv Pzwi n‡qwQj|  My mobile was stolen yesterday. 2. Zv‡K †h‡Z ejv n‡qwQj|  He was told to go. 3.
Avgv‡K Abyôv‡b wbgš¿Y Kiv n‡qwQj|  I was invited to the party. 4. 1995 mv‡j K‡jRwU cÕwZôv Kiv n‡qwQj|  The college was
established in 1995. 5. 1961 mv‡j Kw¤úDUvi Avwe®‹vi Kiv n‡qwQj|  Computer was invented in 1961.
Past Indefinite Tense
KZ©v AZxZ Kv‡j wKQz K‡iwQj ev wKQz Kiv n‡qwQj Ggb eySv‡Z Past Indefinite Tense eëüZ nq |

Note: wKQz Kiv nqwb Ñ Ggb A_© cÖKv‡k Was / were + not eëüZ nq:
6. Zv‡K we‡q‡Z wbgš¿b Kiv nqwb|  He was not invited to the wedding. 7. Zv‡K KvRwU Ki‡Z ejv nqwb|
 He was not told to do the work. 8. †ivg GKw`‡b MwVZ nqwb|  Rome was not built in a day.
Structure 4: (WH words-if needed) + Was / were + Subject + V3 + Extension / (by + agent)? (wKQz Kiv
n‡qwQj bvwK nqwb Ñ Ggb cÖkœ Kivi †ÿ‡Î - Past Indefinite Tense –Passive):
Examples:
1. KvRwU wK h_vmg‡q Kiv n‡qwQj?  Was the work done in time? 2. †Kb KvRwU Kiv nqwb?  Why wasn’t the work done? 3.
‡jvKwU‡K †Kb nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj?  Why was the man killed? 4. AvnZ †jvK¸‡jv‡K †Kb nvmcvZv‡j †bIqv nqwb?  Why weren’t
the imjured men taken to hospital? 5. Zv‡K †Kv_vq †bIqv n‡qwQj?  Where was he / she taken?
Self-test -6 (Past Indefinite Tense)
1. MZ eQi Avwg Rvcvb ågb K‡iwQjvg| 2. †m Zvi MvowU †aØZ K‡iwQj| 3. KZÿY Zywg Zv‡ì Rb¨ A‡cÿv K‡iwQ‡j? 4. †m †envjvwU evRvj| 5.
†m mKvj 8:00 Uvq wegvbe›ì †_‡K wdij, 9:00 Uvq Avg‡K †dvb Kij Ges 10:00 Uvq Avgvi mv‡_ †`Lv Kij| 6. †m Rbvjv¸‡jv †givgZ K‡iwb|
7. MZiv‡Z Avwg Zv‡K †`‡LwQjvg| 8. GUv wek¦vm Kiv n‡qwQj †h ‡jvKUv mr wQj| 9. †m Avgv‡K mvnh¨ K‡iwb| 10. Avwg Zvi mv‡_ †`Lv Kwiwb|
11. Zywg GKUv eo fzj K‡iwQ‡j| 12. wPwVUv MZ †mvgev‡i cvVv‡bv n‡qwQj| 13. evjK¸‡jv cÕwZ‡hvwMZvq AskMÕnY K‡iwQj| 14. Zvi mv‡_ †`Lv
Ki‡Z Avgv‡K Aby‡iva Kiv n‡qwQj| 15. Zv‡ì‡K wK †mLv‡b Acgvb Kiv n‡qwQj? 16. KLb †Zvgv‡K KvRwU Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv n‡qwQj? 17. wKfv‡e
‡Zvgv‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv n‡qwQj? 18. †Kb Avgv‡ì‡K Avgv‡ì AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv n‡qwQj? 19. QwewU AvuKvi Rb¨ †Kvb is cQ›` Kiv n‡qwQj?
20. †Kb †jvK¸‡jv‡K Gfv‡e AZ¨vPvi Kiv n‡qwQj?
Structure 1: Subject + was / were + V1 + ing + Object / Extension. (Active):
Examples:
1. H mgq QvÎiv †Ljva~jv KiwQj|  The students were playing at that time. 2. Avwg bvUKwU Dc‡fvM KiwQjvg|  I was enjoying
the play. 3. QvÎ-QvÎxiv Køv‡m MÛ‡Mvj KiwQj| The students were making noise in the class. 4. MZKvj G mgq Avwg ‰mK‡Z
e‡mwQjvg|  Yesterday at this time, I was sitting in the sea beach. 5. Zviv iv‡Zi Lvevi Lvw”Qj, welqwU Av‡jvPbv KiwQj Ges fv‡jv
mgq KvUvw”Qj|  They were taking dinner, discussing the matter and having a good time.
Structure 2: Subject1 + was / were + V1+ing + Object/ Extension + when/ while + Subject2 +
V2 + Object / Extension. (Active)
OR
When / while + Subject1 + V2 + Object / Extension, Subject2 + was / were +
V1 + ing + Object / Extension. (Active)
Examples:
1. hLb Avgvi eÜz Avmj, Avwg ZLb †Uwjwfkb †`LwQjg|  I was watching television when my friend came. / When my friend
came, I was watching television. 2. bxjv Zvi Av½yj cy‡o †d‡jwQj hLb †m ivbœv KiwQj|  Nela burnt her fingers when she was
cooking . 3. hLb †dvbUv †e‡R DVj, ZLb †m ivbœv KiwQj|  When the phone rang, she was cooking. 4. hLb f~wgK¤ú ïiæ nj, ZLb Zzwg
Kx KiwQ‡j?  What were you doing when the earthquake started?
5. †m hLb WvKj, Avgiv ZLb Aa¨qb KiwQjvg|  We were studying when she called.
Structure 3: Subject1 + was / were + V1+ing + Object / Extension + when / while + Subject2 +
Past Continuous Tense
 AZxZ Kv‡j ‡Kv‡bv KvR PjwQj Ggb eySv‡j Past Continuous Tense eëüZ nq |
 AZx‡Z `ywU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ GKwU msNwUZ nIqvi mgq Aci GKwU KvR PjwQj Ñ Ggb †ÿ‡Î Pjgvb KvRwU eySv‡Z
Past Continuous Tense Ges Aci KvRwU eySv‡Z Past Indefinite Tense nq |
 AZx‡Z `ywU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ `ywU KvRB PjwQj Ggb †ÿ‡Î `ywU KvRB Past Continuous Tense Øviv cÖKvk Kiv
nq |

was / were + V1 + ing + Object / Extension. (Active)
or
When / while + Subject1 + was / were + V1 + ing + Object / Extension, Subject2 +
was / were + V1 + ing + Object / Extension. (Active)
Examples:
1. hLb Avwg wUwVUv wjLwQjvg, ZLb Avwg g‡bv‡hvM w`w”Qjvg bv, ZvB Avwg wKQz fzj K‡i †d‡jwQjvg|  I was not paying attention while
I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes. 2. hLb Zzwg A‡cÿv KiwQ‡j, ZLb Kx KiwQ‡j?  What were you doing
while you were waiting? 3. Zvwbqv KvR KiwQj bv Ges AvwgI KvR KiwQjvg bv|  Tania wasn’t working, and I wasn’t
working either. 4. hLb †m K_v ejwQj, Zzwg wK kybwQ‡j?  Were you listening while he was talking? 5. hLb ‡mZy cowQj, wgZz
ZLb †Uwjwfkb †`LwQj|  While Setu was reading, Mitu was watching television.
Structure 4: Subject + was / were + being + V3 + Extension. (Passive):
Examples:
1. K¬v‡m MÛ‡Mvj Kivi Rb¨ QvÎ‡ì‡K kvw¯Í †Ìqv nw”Qj|  The students were being punished for making noise in the class. 2.
hLb we`y¨± P‡j †Mj, eB¸‡jv ZLb Qvcv nw”Qj|  The books were being printed when power failed.
Self-test -7 (Past Indefinite & Past Continuous)
1. MZ eQi G mgq Avwg jÛ‡b emevm KiwQjvg| 2. MZivZ 10 Uvq Zzwg Kx KiwQ‡j? 3. Avwg ¯^Y©v‡K Bkviv w`‡qwQjvg (wave to), wKš` †m
ZvKvw”Qj bv| 4. eva‡bi mv‡_ hLb Avgvi †`Lv n‡qwQj, Avwg ZLb †nu‡U evwo hvw”Qjvg| 5. Avwg MZKvj cv‡K© †Zvgv‡K †`‡LwQjvg| Zywg Nv‡mi
Dci e‡mwQ‡j Ges GKwU eB cowQ‡j| 6. Avwg Avgvi wc‡V AvNvZ †c‡qwQjvg hLb Avwg evMv‡b KvR KiwQjvg| 7. hLb Avwg b`xi cvo w`‡q
nvuUwQjvg, ZLb iweb‡K †`Ljvg| ZvB, Avwg _vgjvg Ges Avgiv Mí Kijvg| 8. hLb AwbK †cuØQj, ZLb Avgiv iv‡Zi Lvevi Lvw”Qjvg| 9. hLb
‡g‡n`x †cuØQj, ZLb Avgiv ‡Uwjwfkb †`LwQjvg| 10. Avwg AbyôvbwU Dc‡fvM KiwQjvg, wKš` Avgvi eÜz evwo †h‡Z †P‡qwQj| 11. hLb Avwg
†cuØQjvg, ZLb Rvwn` Avgvi Rb¨ A‡cÿv KiwQj| 12. MZKvj G mgq Zywg Kx KiwQ‡j? 13. hLb Avwg moK eivei nuvUwQjvg, Avwg Avgvi wcQ‡b
cv‡qi kã ïb‡Z †cjvg| †KD GKRb Avgv‡K AbymiY KiwQj| Avwg fq †c‡q †Mjvg Ges †`Øov‡Z ïiæ Kijvg|
14. hLb Avwg ZvKvw”Qjvg bv, Acy ZLb Avgvi Quwe wbj|
15. hLb Avwg †QvU wQjvg, Avwg GKRb cvBjU n‡Z †P‡qwQjvg|
16. Avgiv Lye KwVb Ae¯’vq wQjvg, Kx Ki‡Z n‡e Avgiv RvbZvg bv|
17. hLb `~N©UbvwU N‡UwQj, ZLb Zzwg KZ `ªæZ Mvwo Pvjvw”Q‡j?
18. hLb Avwg †Mvmj KiwQjvg, ZLb ìRvi N›Uv evRj|
19. Avgiv GKwU `~N©Ubv †`Ljvg hLb Avgiv ev‡mi Rb¨ A‡cÿv KiwQjvg| 20. †UwjwfkbwU Pvjy wQj, wKš` †KDB Bnv †`LwQj bv| 21. Avgiv Nywg‡q
cojvg hLb †m cwÎKv cowQj| 22. MZKvj hLb Avwg mvB‡Kj Pvwj‡q evwo hvw”Qjvg, GKUv †jvK Avgvi mvg‡b iv¯Ívq †ei nj| Avwg Lye `ªæZ
hvw”Qjvg, wKš` fvM¨µ‡g mgqgZ _vg‡Z mÿg njvg Ges Zv‡K AvNvZ Kwiwb| 23. K‡qK mßvn c~‡e© †ejvj Ges `yjvj Gi mv‡_ Avgvi wegvbe›`‡i
†`Lv n‡qwQj| Zviv `yevB hvw”Qj Ges Avwg jÛ‡b hvw”Qjvg| hLb Avgiv wegv‡bi Rb¨ A‡cÿv KiwQjvg, ZLb Avgiv †Lvk Mí Kijvg (have a
chat)| 24. MZKvj Avwg kn‡i cj‡K †`‡LwQjvg, wKš` †m Avgv‡K †`‡Lwb| †m Ab¨w`‡K ZvwK‡qwQj|
Structure 1: Subject + will + V1 + Object / Extension.
Structure 2: (Wh-Words) + will + Subject + V1 + Object / Extension?
Structure 3: (Wh-Words) + won‟t (will not) + Subject + V1 + Object / Extension?
Structure 4: Subject + will be + V3 + Extension / by + agent. (Passive)
Structure 5: Will + Subject + be + V3 + Extension / by + agent? (Passive)
Structure 6: Subject + am / is / are going to + V1 + Object / Extension. (To express a plan in future)
Structure 7: Subject + am / is / are going to be + V3 + Extension / (by + agent).
Example:
1. †dvbUv evR‡Q| Avwg GUv aie|  ‘The phone is ringing. I’ll get it.’
2. Avwg †Zvgvi wec‡` †Zvgvi cv‡k `vove|  I will stand by you in your danger.
3. Zywg hw` fvjfv‡e co, Zzwg fvj wiRvë Ki‡e|
Future Indefinite Tense
fwel¨r Kv‡j †Kv‡bv KvR msNwUZ n‡e Giƒc eySv‡j Future Indefinite Tense eëüZ nq |

 If you read hard, you will make a good result.
4. Zviv GKwU eb‡fvR‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡e|  They will arrange a picnic.
5. hLb Avwg Z_¨wU cve, Avwg †Zvgv‡K Zv cvVv‡ev|
 I will send you the information when I get it. 6. GB fvix †UwejUv bvov‡Z Zywg wK Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e?
 Will you help me move this heavy table? 7. Avwg wb‡R wb‡R me evwoi KvR Kie bv|  I won’t do all homework myself.
8. wPšÍv K‡iv bv| Avwg mveavb _vKe|  Don’t worry. I’ll be careful. 9. Avwg KvD‡K †Zvgvi †Mvcb K_v eje bv|  I won’t tell
anyone your secret. 10. KvRwU wK h_vmg‡q †kl Kiv n‡e?  Will the work be done in time? 11. cÕKíwU wK ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡e bv?
 Won’t the project be implemented? 12. †Kb cÕKíwU ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡e bv?  Why won’t the project be implemented? 13.
Zviv wK Bs‡iwR wkL‡e?  Will they learn Englsih? 14. Zv‡ì‡K wKfv‡e Bs‡iwR wkLv‡bv n‡e?  How will they be taught
English? 15. Avgv‡K †Kv_vq †bIqv n‡e?  Where will I be taken? 16. Avgv‡ì cixÿv KLb AbywôZ n‡e?  When will our exam
be held? 17. †Kb Avgv‡ì cixÿv mgqgZ AbywôZ n‡e bv?  Why won’t our exam be held in time? 18. †Zvgv‡K Abyôv‡b wbgš¿Y Kiv
n‡e|  You will be invited to the party. cUzqvLvjx Avwg Avgvi QzwU KvuUve|  I am going to spend my vacation in
Patuakhali. 19. hLb Avwg eo ne, Avwg GKRb Awf‡bZv ne|  I am going to be an actor when I grow up. 20. Avgiv mÜ¨v 6 Uvq
†`Lv Kie|  We are going to meet at 6.00 pm. 21. Avgiv GKwU bZzb cÕKí ïiæ Kie/ Ki‡Z hvw”Q|  We are going to start a
new project. 22. GKUv bZyb cÕKí kyiæ n‡Z hv‡”Q / Kiv n‡e|  A new project is going to be started.
More about Shall / Will
SL Bangla English
A KZ©v wKQz Ki‡e Ggb wm×všÍ †bIqvi †ÿ‡Î Will eëüZ nq | (We use I‟ll (I will) when we decide to do something at the time of
speaking.)
1 In, Avwg Rvbvjv¸‡jv †Lvjv †i‡L w`‡qwQ| Avwg hve Ges †m¸‡jv
eÜ K‡i wè|
Oh, I’ve left the windows open. I will go and shut
them. (You can not use ‘I go and shut’.)
2 ÔZzwg wK cvb Ki‡Z PvI?× ÔAvwg Av‡gi Rym PvB|Õ ‘What would you like to drink?’ ‘I’ll have
mango juice, please.’
3 ÔZzwg wK R¨vK‡K †dvb K‡iwQ‡j?× ÔIn bv, Avwg fz‡j wM‡qwQjvg|
GLb Avwg Zv‡K †dvb Kie|×
„Did you phone Jack?‟ „Oh no, I forgot. I‟ll phone him
now.‟
B ‡¯úv‡Kb Bswj‡k Will-Gi Negative Form n‡”Q Won’t| (In spoken English the negative of will is usually won‟t (will not).
4 Avwg ‡`L‡Z cvw”Q Zzwg Lye e¨¯Í, myZivs Avwg †ewkÿY _vKe bv| I can see you’re very busy, so I won’t stay long.
C B‡Zvg‡a¨ ‡Kv‡bv wKQz Kivi wm×všÍ †bIqv n‡q‡Q ev Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q - Ggb ‡ÿ‡Î „will‟ eënvi bv K‡i Avgiv „I‟m doing…/
I‟m going to do…..‟ eënvi Kwi | Note: I‟m going to do something = I‟ve decided to do it.
I am doing something = I‟ve arranged to do something. fwel¨revYx Kivi †ÿ‡Î will Ges going to Gi g‡a¨ ‡Zgb cv_©K¨ †bB |
(There is not much difference between will and going to in predicting the future.) - See example no. - 11
5 Avwg AvMvgx kwbevi QzwU‡Z hve / hvw”Q| I‟m going on holiday next Saturday. (not I‟ll go)
6 Zzwg wK AvMvgxKvj KvR Ki‡e? Are you working tomorrow? (not Will you work)
7 ÔZzwg hLb evB‡i wQ‡j, mvjgvb †dvb K‡iwQj|×
ÔwVK Av‡Q| Avwg Zv‡K Kj e¨vK Kie|×
„Salman phoned while you were out.‟ „Ok. I‟ll call him
back.‟
8 ÔZzwg hLb evB‡i wQ‡j, mvjgvb †dvb K‡iwQj|×
Ôn¨vu, Avwg Rvwb| Avwg Zv‡K Kj e¨vK Kie / Ki‡Z hvw”Q|×
„Salman phoned while you were out.‟ „Yes, I know. I am
going to call him back.‟
9 ÔmyRvbv nvmcvZv‡j|× ÔIn, mwZ¨? Avwg RvbZvg bv| Avwg hve Ges
Zv‡K †`Le|×
„Sujana is in hospital.‟ „Oh really? I didn‟t know. I‟ll go
and visit her.‟
10 ÔmyRvbv nvmcvZv‡j|× Ôn¨vu, Avwg Rvwb|× Avwg AvR mÜ¨vq Zv‡K
†`Le|×
„Sujana is in hospital.‟ „Yes, I know. I‟m going to visit her
this evening.‟
11 Avgvi g‡b nq AvR we‡K‡j AvenvIqvUv fvj _vK‡e| I think the weather will be nice this afternoon.
I think the weather is going to be nice this afternoon.
D KvD‡K †Kv‡bv cÖ¯Íve Kiv, m¤§wZ †`qv, cÖwZkÖæwZ †`qv ev KvD‡K wKQz Ki‡Z ejvi †ÿ‡Î Avgiv will eënvi Kwi|
(We use will when we offer, agree, promise to do something or ask somebody to do something.)
12 H e¨vMUv fvwi †`Lv‡”Q| GUv wb‡Z †Zvgv‡K Avwg mvnvh¨ Kie| That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it. (not I help)
13 ÔZzwg wK wUg‡K GB eBUv w`‡Z cvi?× ÔwbðB, AvR we‡K‡j hLb
Avwg Zv‡K †`Le, Avwg Zv‡K eBUv w`‡q wè|×
‘Can you give Tim this book?’ ‘Sure, I will give it to
him when I see him this afternoon.’
14 UvKvUv avi †`qvi Rb¨ †Zvgv‡K/ Avcbv‡K abëv`| Avwg ïµev‡i
†Zvgv‡K †diZ wè|
Thanks for lending me the money. I’ll pay you back on
Friday.

15 Avwg Iqv`v KiwQ| hv N‡UwQj Zv Avwg KvD‡K eje bv| I won’t tell anyone what happened. I promise.
16 `qv K‡i Zywg †Uwjwfk‡bi fwjDgUv Kgv‡e wK?
Avwg Avgvi cov‡kvbvq g‡bvwb‡ek Kivi †Póv KiwQ|
Will you please turn the television down?
I’m trying to concentrate on my studies.
E ‡Kv‡bv wKQy Ki‡Z Am¤§wZ Rvbv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î Avgiv won‟t eënvi Kwi| (We use won‟t to express refusal.)
17 Avwg Zv‡K Dc‡`k †`qvi †Póv K‡iwQ, wKš` †m ‡kvb‡e bv| I’ve tried to give her advice, but she won’t listen.
18 ‡gwkbwU Pvjy n‡e bv| The machine won’t start.
(the car refuses to start)
F ‘Shall I .....?’ Ges ‘will you .....?’ Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ jÿ¨ Ki |
(Notice the difference between ‘Shall I .....?’ and ‘will you .....?’).
19 Avwg wK RvbvjvUv Lyje? Shall I open the window?
(Do you want me to open the window?)
20 Avgvi Kv‡Q ‡Kvb UvKv †bB| Avwg wK Kie? I’ve got no money. What shall I do?
(What do you suggest?)
21 ÔAvgiv wK hve?Õ
ÔGK wgwbU A‡cÿv Kiæb| Avwg GL‡bv cÕ¯`Z nBwb|
‘Shall we go?’
‘Just a minute. I’m not ready yet.’
22 AvR mÜ¨vq Avgiv †Kv_vq hve? Where shall we go this evening?
23 Avwg wK ìRvUv eÜ K‡i wè?
Zzwg wK ìRvUv eÜ K‡i w`‡e?
Shall I shut the door? (Do you want me to shut it?)
Will you shut the door? (I want you to shut it.)
G Probably, I expect, (I’m) sure, (I) think, (I) don’t think, I wonder – G‡ì mv‡_ Avgiv mPivPi Will (‘ll) eënvi Kwi |
24 Avgvi AevK jv‡M wK NU‡e| I wonder what will happen.
25 Avgvi g‡b nq bv cixÿvwU Lye KwVb n‡e| I don’t think the exam will be very difficult.
26 ‡Zvgvi wK g‡b nq mvweŸ‡ii Rb¨ †h DcnviwU Avgiv wK‡bwQjvg †m
Zv cQ›` Ki‡e?
Do you think Sabbir will like the present we bought for
him?
27 cixÿv wb‡q `ywðšÍv K‡iv bv| Avwg wbwðZ Zzwg K…ZKvh© n‡e| Don’t worry about the exam. I’m sure you will pass.
28 Avwg AvR †ejvj‡K †`wLwb| Avkv Kwi AvR mÜ¨vq †m †dvb w`‡e| I haven’t seen Belal today. I expect he will phone this
evening.
29 m¤¢eZ AvRiv‡Z Avwg †`wi K‡i evwo wdie| I’ll probably be home late tonight.
H Hope Gi ci mvaviYZ Avgiv Present Tense eënvi Kwi, Z‡e will I eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i |
30 Avwg Avkv Kwi gvmyg cixÿvwU‡Z K…ZKvh© n‡e| I hope Masum passes the exam.
(or I hope Masum will pass….)
31 Avkv KiwQ AvMvgxKvj e„wó n‡e bv| I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
I fwel¨r m¤ú‡K© K_v ej‡Z Avgiv mvaviYZ Will eënvi Kwi, Z‡e gv‡Sgv‡S eZ©gvb (GB g~û‡Z© eySv‡Z) eySv‡ZI Will
eëüZ n‡Z cv‡i |
32 Aa¨ÿ‡K GLb †dvb wÌ bv| †m e¨¯Í _vK‡e| Don’t phone the principal now. He’ll be busy.
J mvaviYZ I & We Gi mv‡_ Avgiv Shall eënvi Kwi, Z‡e †¯úv‡Kb Bswj‡k me‡ÿ‡ÎB will eënvi Kiv hvq |
33 AvR mÜ¨vq Avgvi †`wi n‡e| I shall be late this evening. (or I will be …..)
34 m¤¢eZ Avwg kx‡Z jÛ‡b hve| I shall probably go to London in the winter.
(Or I will probably go ……)
K Shall Gi negative form Shan’t (shall not).
35 AvMvgxKvj Avwg GLv‡b _vKe bv| I shan’t be here tomorrow. (or I won’t be….)
Self-test -10 (I’ll do / I’m doing / I’m going to do / I was going to do )
1. Avvgvi g‡b nq Avmv` mv‡ne PvKzwiUv cv‡e| Zvi A‡bK AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q|
2. AvMvgxKvj iv‡Z Avwg GKwU Abyôv‡b hve| Zywg wK Avgvi mv‡_ hv‡e?
3. AvR mÜ¨vq Avwg †Zvgvi mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡Z cvie bv| Avgvi GK eÜz Avgvi mv‡_ †`Lv
Ki‡Z Avm‡e|
4. KzKziUv‡K †Zvgvi fq cvIqvi ìKvi †bB| GUv †Zvgv‡K Kvgov‡e bv|
5. MZKvj hv N‡UwQj Zvi Rb¨ Avwg `y:wLZ| GgbUv Avi NU‡e bv|

6. Avwg Avgvi †cøB‡bi wU‡KU ‡c‡qwQ| Avwg AvMvgxKvj hve| 7. Avwg GLv‡b Avi bv _vKvi wm×všÍ wb‡qwQ| Kvj Avwg _vKvi Rb¨ Ab¨ GKUv RvqMv
LuyRe| 8. Avwg †f‡ewQjvg e„wó n‡e, wKš` nqwb| 9. MZKvj Avwg wKQz bZzb Rvgv wKb‡Z hvw”Qjvg, wKšÍ Avwg Lye e¨¯Í wQjvg Ges †`vKv‡b hvIqvi
mgq cvB wb| 10. ÔAvwg kybjvg mvwKe A‡bK UvKv †c‡q‡Q| †m Zv w`‡q wK Ki‡e?× Ô†m GKwU bZzb Mvwo wKb‡e|× 11. ÔAvgvi wKQz UvKv ìKvi|× ÔwVK
Av‡Q, Avwg †Zvgv‡K wKQz UvKv avi wè| †Zvgvi KZ UvKv ìKvi?× 12. ÔhLb evB‡i hv‡e, GKUv msev`cÎ Avbvi K_v ¯§iY †i‡Lv|× ÔwVK Av‡Q, Avwg
fzje bv|× 13. Avwg AvMvgxKvj †Zvgvi mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡Z cvie bv| Avwg dzUej †Lje| 14. Pzc! G‡Zv †ewk kã K‡iv bv| Zzwg mevB‡K RvwM‡q
Zzj‡e| 15. †h PvKzwiUv‡Z Zywg AvMÕnx wQ‡j †m PvKzwiUvi e¨vcv‡i Zzwg Kx Ki‡e Zywg wK wm×všÍ wb‡qQ? 16. djvdj wb‡q wPšÍv K‡iv bv| Avwg wbwðZ
Zzwg wRwcG-5 cv‡e|
‡h me †ÿ‡Î Would eëüZ nq:
A AZxZ wb‡`©kK fwel¨r cÖKv‡k (to express past indicating future):
A  ‡m ejj †h †m AvUUvq GLv‡b _vK‡e|
 †m wRÁvmv Kij Avwg Zv‡K mvnh¨ Kie
wKbv|
 Zviv Avgv‡K ejj †h m¤¢eZ Zviv Avm‡e
bv|
 He said that he would be here at eight o’clock.
(His words were: ‘I will be there at eight o’clock.) 
She asked if I would help her.
 They told me that they probably wouldn't come.
B KZ©v KíYv Ki‡Q Ggb †Kv‡bv NUbvi djvdj cÖKv‡k would eën„Z nq |
(Used for talking about the result of an event that you imagine.)
B  Zv‡K †QvU Pz‡j my›ì †`Lv‡e|
 Zzwg hw` Zv‡K †`L‡Z †h‡Z †m Lywk nZ|
 ZvovZvwo Ki! bvU‡Ki ïiæUv bv cvIqv j¾vKi
n‡e|
 GUv MÕnY Ki‡j †m †evKvi cwiPq w`‡e|
 She'd look better with shorter hair.
 If you went to see him, he would be delighted.
 Hurry up! It would be a shame to miss the
beginning of the play.
 She'd be a fool to accept it (= if she accepts it).
C ‡Kv‡bv GKwU KvR msNwUZ nIqvi bv nIqvi Kvi‡Y Ab¨ Av‡iKwU KvR msNwUZ n‡qwQj ev nqwb Ñ Ggb aviYv cÖKv‡k would Gi
eën„Z nq | (Used for describing a possible action or event that happened or did not, in fact, happen, because something else happened or did not
happen first.)
C  Avwg hw` mgqgZ weÁvcbwU †`LZvg, Avwg
PvKzwiUvi Rb¨ Av‡e`b KiZvg|
 †m hw` Bgvi cvwU©‡Z bv †hZ, Zv‡ì KL‡bvB †`Lv
nZ bv|
 If I had seen the advertisement in time, I
would have applied for the job.
 They would never have met if she hadn't
gone to Emma's party.
D e³vi cÖZ¨vkv Abyhvqx wKQz NUzK Ggb eySv‡Z would Gi eënvi (Subject + wish (that) Subject + would  is used for saying that
somebody wants something to be happened):
D  Avwg PvB Zywg GK wgwb‡Ui Rb¨ Pzc _vK‡e|  I wish you'd be quiet for a minute.
E ‡KD wKQz Ki‡Z B”QzK bq Ñ Ggb eySv‡Z would Gi eënvi (Used to show that sb was not willing or refused to do sth):
E  hwÌ †m RvbZ †h GUv fzj wQj †m GUv cwieZ©b
Ki‡e bv|
 She wouldn't change it, even though she
knew it was wrong.
F f`ªfv‡e KvD‡K †Kv‡bv wKQz Ki‡Z ejvi †¶‡Î would Gi eënvi (Used to ask sb politely to do sth):
F  Avgv‡K K‡qK wgwb‡Ui Rb¨ GKv _vK‡Z w`‡eb wK?  Would you mind leaving me alone for a few
Usage of Modal Auxiliary Verb
Modal Auxiliary Verb ¸‡jvi ci Active Voice-Gi †ÿ‡Î V1 A_©vr, Verb-Gi Base Form e‡m Ges Passive Voice-Gi
‡ÿ‡Î Be + V3 A_©vr, Be + Verb Gi Past Participle Form eëüZ nq |
Active Voice:  Modal Auxiliary Verbs + V1
Passive Voice:  Modal Auxiliary Verbs + be + V3

 `qv K‡i Avgvi Rb¨ òRvUv Lyj‡eb wK? minutes?
 Would you open the door for me, please?
G mwebq Request ev Offer cÖKvk Ki‡Z (Used in polite offers or invitations):
G  Zzwg wK m¨vÛDBP wb‡e?
 Zzwg wK ïµev‡i Avgvi mv‡_ iv‡Zi Lvevi Lv‡e?
 Would you like a sandwich?
 Would you have dinner with me on Friday?
H cQ›`-AcQ›` e¨³ Kivi †¶‡Î (Used to say what you like, love, hate etc.):
H  Avwg Kwd cQ›` Kwi|
 Avwg †Zvgvi mgv‡jvPbv KiwQjvg ‡Zvgvi GgbUv
fvev Avwg AcQ›` Kwi|
 Avwg PvB Zzwg Avgv‡ì mv‡_ Avm|
 I'd love coffee.  I'd hate you to think I was
criticizing you.  I'd rather come with you.
 I'd rather you came with us.
I AZx‡Z n‡Zv ev NU‡Zv Ggb aviYv cÖKv‡k would Gi eënvi (Used for talking about things that often happened in the past):
I  Avgvi wcZv-gvZv hLb evB‡i wQj, Avgvi `vw`
Avgvi †`Lv‡kvbv KiZ|
 †m B memgq cÕ_g mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ GwM‡q †hZ|
 When my parents were away, my grandmother
would take care of me.
 He'd always be the first to offer to help.
J Used for talking about behaviour that you think is typical ( usually disapproving):
J  Ô‡m ejj †h GUv †Zvgvi †`vl wQj|× Ô‡ek, †m‡Zv
GgUvB ej‡e, ej‡e bv? †m KL‡bvB Avgv‡K cQ›` K‡iwb|
 ‘She said it was your fault.’
‘Well, she would say that, wouldn't she?
She's never liked me.’
K cÖej B”Qv cÖKv‡k would eënvi (Used to express a strong wish):
K  GUv †`L‡Z hw` †m †eu‡P _vKZ!
 hw` Avevi Avwg wkï n‡Z cviZvg!
 Would that he had lived to see it!
 Would that I could be a child again!
‡h me †ÿ‡Î Can / Could / May/ Might eëüZ nq:
A KZ©vi wKQz Kiv m¤¢e ev KZ©vi wKQz Kivi mÿgZv Av‡Q - Ggb eySv‡Z can eëüZ nq | {We use can to say that
something is possible or allowed or that somebody has the ability to do something.
Structure: Subject + can + V1 + Ext. (Active)  The negative form of can is can’t (can not)}
1 ‡kvevi N‡ii Rvbvjv ‡_‡K Avgiv n«`wU †`L‡Z cvB| We can see the lake from our bedroom window.
2 ÔAvgvi Kv‡Q Kjg †bB|× ÔZzwg AvgviUv eënvi Ki‡Z cvi| ‘I have’t got a pen.’ ‘You can use mine.’
3 Zzwg wK †Kv‡bv we‡`wk fvlvq K_v ej‡Z cvi? Can you speak any foreign language?
4 Zzwg hw` PvI Avwg Avm‡Z cvwi Ges AvMvgxKvj †Zvgvi
mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡Z cvwi|
I can come and see you tomorrow if you like.
5 Ô‡cø× kãwU we‡kl¨ I wµqv Dfq n‡Z cv‡i| The word ‘play’ can be a noun or a verb.
6 Avwg `y:wLZ, Avwg ïµev‡i Abyôv‡b Avm‡Z cvie bv| I’m afraid I can’t come to the party on Friday.
B You can say that somebody is able to do something, but can is more usual:
7 ‡kvevi N‡ii Rvbvjv †_‡K Avgiv n«`wU †`L‡Z cvB| We are able to see the lake from our bedroom window.
C wKš` Can Gi ïaygvÎ `ywU Form i‡q‡Q: Can (eZ©gvb) Ges Could (AZxZ)| myZivs , gv‡Sgv‡S Ab¨vb¨ Tense-G
Be able to eënvi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb nq | wb‡Pi evK¨¸‡jv Zzjbv Ki | (But can has only two forms: can (present) and could
(past). So sometimes it is necessary to use be able to. Compare the following sentences.)
8 I can’t sleep. (Avwg Nygv‡Z cviwQ bv|) I haven’t been able to sleep recently.
(Avwg B`vwbs Nygv‡Z cvwi wb|)
9 Maria can speak French, Spanish and English. Applicants for the job must be able to speak two foreign

(gvwiqv †d«Â, ¯ú¨vwbk Ges Bs‡iwR ej‡Z cv‡i |) languages. (PvKzwiwUi Rb¨ Av‡e`bKvix‡ì‡K Aek¨B `ywU we‡`wk fvlv
ej‡Z cvi‡Z n‡e / mÿg n‡Z n‡e |)
D Ability Ges Permission cÖKvk Ki‡Z Can eëüZ nq:
10  bvwmi A¼wU Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 Avwg wK GLb †h‡Z cvwi?
 Nasir can do the sum. (Ability)
 Can I go now? (Permission)
E See, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand BZ¨vw` Verb-Gi mv‡_ Avgiv mPivPi Could eënvi Kwi
| (Could is the past of can. We use could specially with: see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand etc.)
11 †nv‡U‡j Avgiv GKwU PgrKvi Kÿ †c‡qwQjvg|
Avgiv n«`wU †`L‡Z cviZvg|
We had a lovely room in the hotel. We could see the
lake.
12 ‡hBgvÎ Avwg †nu‡U K‡ÿ cÕ‡ek Kijvg, Avwg M¨v‡mi MÜ
†cjvg|
As soon as I walked into the room, I could smell gas.
13 Avwg bvU¨kvjvi wcQ‡b e‡mwQjvg Ges Lye fvjfv‡e ‡kvb‡Z
cvBwb|
I was sitting at the back of the theater and couldn’t
hear very well.
F KZ©vi †Kv‡bv wKQz Kivi mvaviY mÿgZv ev AbygwZ wQj - Ggb eySv‡ZI Avgiv Could eënvi Kwi |
(We also use could to say that somebody had the general ability or permission to do something.)
14 Avgvi `v`v cvuPwU fvlv ej‡Z cviZ| My grandfather could speak five languages.
Avgiv m¤ú~Y© Aemi wQjvg| Avgiv hv ‡P‡qwQjvg ZvB
Ki‡Z †c‡iwQjvg|
We were totally free. We could do what we wanted.
G Could and was able to
KZ©vi mvaviY mÿgZv wQj eySv‡Z Avgiv could eënvi Kwi | wKšÍy KZ©v we‡kl cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv wKQz K‡iwQj ev Ki‡Z
mÿg n‡qwQj - Ggb eySv‡Z Avgiv was / were able to Or Managed to eënvi Kwi |
(We use could for general ability. But if we want to say that somebody did something in a specific situation, we use was / were able to or managed to
(not could):
15 Lye `ªæZ febwUi g‡a¨ AvMyb Qwo‡q coj, wKš`
‡mØfvM¨µ‡g cÕ‡Z¨‡KB evuP‡Z mÿg nj|
The fire spread through the building very quickly, but
fortunately everybody was able to escape / managed to
escape. (not could escape)
16 Avgiv RvbZvg bv †WwfW †Kv_vq wQj, wKš` Ae‡k‡l Avgiv
Zv‡K Lyu‡R †c‡Z mÿg njvg|
We didn’t know where Devid was, but we managed to
find / were able to find him in the end. (not could find)
H wb‡Pi evK¨ `ywU Zzjbv Ki | (Compare the following sentences.)
17 Mike was an excellent tennis player when he
was younger. He could beat anybody. (gvBK
hLb Av‡iv ZiæY wQj, †m LyeB `ÿ †Uwbm †L‡jvqvi wQj|
†m ‡hKvD‡K civwRZ Ki‡Z cviZ| (He had the
general ability to beat anybody – Zvi ‡hKvD‡K
civwRZ Kivi mvaviY mÿgZv wQj)
Mike and Jack played tennis yesterday. Jack played
well, but Mike managed to beat him. (gvBK Ges R¨vK
MZKvj †Uwbm ‡L‡jwQj| R¨vK fvj †L‡jwQj, wKš` gvBK Zv‡K civwRZ
Ki‡Z mÿg n‡qwQj / nj|)
I Note: Couldn’t ‡h †Kv‡bv cwiw¯’wZ‡Z eënvi Kiv m¤¢e |
(The negative couldn’t (could not) is possible in all situations.)
18 Avgvi `v`v mvuZvi KvuU‡Z cviZ bv| My grandfather couldn’t swim.
19 Avgiv †WwfW‡K me RvqMvq Lyu‡RwQjvg, wKšÍy Avgiv Zv‡K
Lyu‡R †c‡Z cvwi wb|
We looked for Devid everywhere, but we couldn’t find
him.
20 R¨vK fvj †L‡jwQj, wKšÍy gvBK‡K civwRZ Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| Jack played well, but couldn’t beat Mike.
J Ability in the past cÖKvk Ki‡Z Could eëüZ nq | (Could is used to express the ability in the past.)
21  ‡m A¼wU Ki‡Z cviZ|
 Zzwg Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡Z|
 He could do the sum.
 You could help me.
K May, Might Øviv Permission Ges Probability eySvq | Note: AbygwZ †bIqvi †ÿ‡Î Can Gi †P‡q May AwaK
AvbyôvwbK | (In case of permission may is more formal than can.)
22  Avwg wK GLb †h‡Z cvwi?  AvMvgxKvj e„wó n‡Z
cv‡i|  AvMvgxKvj e„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
 May I go now?  It might rain tomorrow. 
It mayrain tomorrow.

Sojib's english spoken [www.onlinebcs.com]

Sojib's english spoken [www.onlinebcs.com]

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