কম্পিউটারের চমক বা ব্যাসিক কম্পিউটার ,লেখকঃ মাহবুবুর রহমান , পৃষ্ঠা সংখ্যাঃ ৮৬

1. 1
KgwcDUv‡ii PgK!
gvneyeyi ingvb
wmm‡UK cvewj‡KkÝ wjwg‡UW
eyKm& GÛ KgwcDUvi Kg‡cø·, 38/3, evsjvevRvi, XvKv
†dvb t 7112406, 01714184844-5-6, 01711622565
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox
www.facebook.com/tanbir.cox

2. 2
KgwcDUv‡ii PgK!
cÖ_g cÖKvk t wewmGm KgwcDUvi †gjv, wW‡m¤^i, 1998 Bs
ms¯‹iY t GwcÖj 2010
cÖKvkK t e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK
wmm‡UK cvewj‡KkÝ wjt
cÖ”Q` wWRvBb t †jLK
¯^Z¡ t †jLK
K‡¤úvR t †gvnv¤§` Avj-Avgxb miKvi
g~`ªY t †niv wcÖ›Uvm©
evsjvevRvi, XvKv-1100
g~j¨ t 20 UvKv gvÎ|
ISBN : 984-8480-109-9
Computer-er Chamak : by Mahbubur Rahman ;
Published by Managing Director : Systech Publications Ltd, 38/3, Banglabazar,
Dhaka-1100.  Author, Price : Tk. 20
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

3. 3
†jL‡Ki K_v
KgwcDUv‡ii Pg‡Ki †Kvb †kl †bB| Pg‡Ki ci PgK †`wL‡q G
GKwUgvÎ cÖhyw³ mviv wek¦‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q| GKwesk kZvãxi
ØvicÖv‡šÍ `uvwo‡q AvRI hw` KvD‡K wkLv‡Z nq KgwcDUvi wK? Bnv
wK Ki‡Z cv‡i, KgwcDUvi wk‡L wK jvf BZ¨vw` Zvn‡j wK ej‡Z
cvwi Avi cÖkœKZ©v hw` GKRb wkwÿZ e¨w³ nDb Zvn‡j?
GKwUgvÎ ev· Zvi Dci cuvP ermi covïbv? GwUB bvwK me wKQz
Ki‡Z cv‡i? GwU m¤¢e? Gai‡bi AviI nvRv‡iv cÖ‡kœi m¤§ywLb
n‡Z nq G cÖhyw³‡Z mswkøó mevB‡K| cÖvq A‡bKUv mgq w`‡q
eySv‡bvi ci Avevi cÖkœ Av‡m Av”Qv eySjvg G cÖhyw³ Qvov †Kvb
MZvšÍi †bB, Zv fvB †Kv_vq wkLe? wK wkLe? †Kvb KgwcDUvi
wKbe? †Kv_v †_‡K wKbe? B›Uvi‡bU †Kv_v †_‡K ms‡hvM wbe
BZ¨vw`| Gme cÖ‡kœi DËi wb‡q G cÖKvkbv| eBwU KgwcDUvi
cÖhyw³‡Z AvMÖnx‡`i wccvmv †gUv‡e, G cÖhyw³‡Z `ÿ A‡b‡Ki
wewfbœ cÖ‡kœi mgvavb †`‡e| GKwesk kZvãxi †hvM¨ bvMwiK n‡Z
n‡j Avcbv‡K Aek¨B KgwcDUvi Rvb‡Z n‡e| AZ¨šÍ Aí mg‡qi
A_P AK¬všÍ cwikª‡gi dmj G cÖKvkbvwU Avcbv‡K GwM‡q wb‡q
hv‡e A‡bK `~i| Avi G‡ZB Avgvi mdjZv| RvwZi nv‡Z G
cÖKvkbvwU Dcnvi w`‡Z cvivq gnvb cÖfy Avjøvni †kvKwiqv Ávcb
KiwQ| weÁcvVK‡`i †h †Kvb MVbg~jK civgk© mv`‡i MÖnYxq|
eBwUi DrKl©Zv mva‡b Avcbv‡`i mn‡hvwMZv GKvšÍfv‡e Kvg¨|
 gvneyeyi ingvb
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

4. 4
m~wPcÎ
KgwcDUvi wK?.......................................................................................5
KgwcDUv‡ii ˆewkó¨................................................................................6
KgwcDUvi †K Avwe®‹vi K‡i..................................................................... 8
KgwcDUv‡ii wewfbœ hš¿cvwZ....................................................................14
KgwcDUvi msMVb.................................................................................17
BbcyU wWfvBm .....................................................................................18
†K›`ªxq cÖwµqvKiY Ask.........................................................................21
KgwcDUv‡ii †g‡gvwi.............................................................................22
AvDUcyU wWfvBm..................................................................................26
KgwcDUvi fvlv................................................................................... 30
KgwcDUv‡ii cÖ‡qvM ............................................................................. 33
gvwëwgwWqv .........................................................................................44
fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU ..................................................................................47
B›Uvi‡bU............................................................................................51
KgwcDUvi wkÿv t †Kb wkL‡eb? wK wkL‡eb?............................................. 58
Z_¨ cÖhyw³..........................................................................................67
Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Ae`vb...............................................................................67
Z_¨ cÖhyw³i µgweKvk...........................................................................68
B›Uvi‡bU........................................................................................... 70
†UwjKbdv‡iÝ..................................................................................... 70
B‡jKwUªK dvÛ UªvÝdvi ..........................................................................71
G·cvU© wm‡÷g....................................................................................72
†iveU ............................................................................................... 73
K…wÎg eyw×gËv (Artificial Intelligence- AI) .........................................74
KgwcDUvi fvBivm............................................................................... 77
KgwcDUvi †Kbv ...................................................................................79
KgwcDUvi †Kb wKb‡eb .........................................................................79
wK KgwcDUvi wKb‡eb............................................................................79
wcwm †Kbv t LyuwUbvwU welq.......................................................................82
wcwm bó n‡j wK Ki‡eb?........................................................................86
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

5. 5
KgwcDUvi wK ?
KgwcDUvi GKwU AZ¨vaywbK B‡jKUªwbK hš¿| Ab¨vb¨ B‡jKUªwbK hš¿ †hgbt †iwWI,
†Uwjwfkb, wfwmAvi, B‡jKwUªK Nwo, K¨vjKz‡jUi, d¨v· BZ¨vw` †_‡K KgwcDUvi
m¤ú~Y© wfbœ GK hš¿| Gi Kv‡Ri ÿgZv mwZ¨B Avðh©RbK| eZ©gvb `ywbqvq G
hš¿wU‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q gvbyl AZ¨šÍ `ªæZMwZ‡Z mdjZvi kx‡l© †cuŠ‡Q hv‡”Q|
KgwcDUvi‡K w`‡q me ai‡bi KvR Kiv‡bv hvq| Ab¨vb¨ B‡jKUªwbK h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨
`yÕGKwUi †ewk KvR Kiv‡bv hvq bv| wKš‘ GKwUgvÎ KgwcDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ A‡bK iK‡gi
KvR Kiv hvq| KgwcDUv‡ii cÖavb `yÕwU ˆewkó¨ n‡jv t
GK. KgwcDUvi Zvi †g‡gvwi‡Z †Kvb wb‡`©k hv‡K KgwcDUv‡ii fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg ejv
nq Zv Ges jÿ jÿ Z_¨ msiÿY K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i|
`yB. AZ¨šÍ `ªæZMwZ‡Z I wbfz©jfv‡e wb‡`©wkZ wb‡`©kmg~n cvjb ev Z_¨ cÖwµqvKiY
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Computer kãwU wMÖK Computare kã †_‡K G‡m‡Q| Computare k‡ãi A_© n‡”Q
MYbv Kiv| Computer k‡ãi A_© MYbvKvix hš¿| c~‡e© KgwcDUvi w`‡q ïay wnmve-
wbKv‡ki KvRB Kiv n‡Zv| wKš‘ eZ©gvb AZ¨vaywbK KgwcDUvi w`‡q AZ¨šÍ `ªæZMwZ‡Z
RwUj wnmve-wbKv‡ki KvR wbfz©jfv‡e Kiv QvovI eû iK‡gi wecyj KvR Kiv hvq|
KgwcDUvi †m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨ †KvwU †KvwU wnmve-wbKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i| KgwcDUv‡i KvR
Kivi MwZ wnmve Kiv nq b¨vbv‡m‡K‡Û (NS)| b¨vbv‡m‡KÛ n‡”Q GK †m‡K‡Ûi
GKkZ †KvwU fv‡Mi GKfvM mgq gvÎ| KgwcDUv‡ii Af¨šÍ‡i i‡q‡Q A‡bK eZ©bx|
B‡jKUªb cÖev‡ni gva¨‡g KgwcDUv‡ii hveZxq KvR-Kg© cwiPvwjZ nq| B‡jKUªwbK
ms‡K‡Zi Dci wfwË K‡i ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q KgwcDUvi j¨vs¸‡qR ev KgwcDUv‡ii
fvlv| KgwcDUv‡ii †evaMg¨ G fvlvi gva¨‡g KgwcDUv‡i †h wb‡`©k †`qv nq ZviB
wfwˇZ KgwcDUvi djvdj cÖ`vb K‡i| KgwcDUv‡ii G wb‡`©kvewj‡K ejv nq
†cÖvMÖvg| †cÖvMÖvg Qvov KgwcDUvi GKwU Ro c`v_© wfbœ Avi wKQy bq| Dchy³
†cÖvMÖv‡gi cÖfv‡e KgwcDUvi Ro c`v_© n‡Z MvwYwZK kw³m¤úbœ eyw×gvb h‡š¿ cwiYZ
n‡Z cv‡i|
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

6. 6
KgwcDUv‡ii ˆewkó¨ t
†h mKj we‡kl ˆewk‡ó¨i Kvi‡Y KgwcDUvi we‡k¦i me©‡kªô h‡šÎ i~cvšZwiZ n‡q‡Q
Zvi cÖavb cÖavb K‡qKwU wb‡¤œ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|
`ªæZMwZ t KgwcDUv‡ii Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q Am¤¢e `yªyZMwZ‡Z Kvh© m¤cv`b Ki‡Z
cviv| b¨v‡bv‡m‡K‡Û jÿ †KvwU †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y, fvM BZ¨vw` wnmve-wbKvk m¤cv`b
Ki‡Z cv‡i| GK b¨v‡bv †m‡KÛ mgq n‡jv GK †m‡K‡Ûi GKkZ †KvwU fv‡Mi
GKfvM mgq|
wbfz©jZv t wbf©zjZv KgwcDUv‡ii Avi GKwU Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨| A_v©r KgwcDUvi †Kvb
fzj K‡i bv| gvby‡li †`Iqv Z_¨ ev Dcv‡Ëi wfwˇZ 100% wbfz©j djvdj cÖ`vb
K‡i|
K¬vw›ZnxbZv t h‡š¿i GKwU ¯^vfvweK ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q K¬vwšÍnxbZv| KgwcDUvi †h‡nZz
GKwU hš¿, ZvB Bnv ivZ w`b K¬vwšÍnxb, weiw³nxb Ges wekªvgnxbfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
¯§„wZ t KgwcDUv‡i wekvj ¯§„wZ kw³ i‡q‡Q| †KvwU †KvwU †WUv I wb‡`©k Zv‡Z
msiÿY Kiv hvq| KgwcDUvi mnvqK ¯§„wZ e¨envi K‡i †h‡Kvb cwigvY Z_¨ ¯§„wZ‡Z
aviY K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i Ges `ªyZZg mg‡q AweK…Zfv‡e Zv ¯§iY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
¯^qswµqZv t KgwcDUvi ¯^qswµqfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| KgwcDUvi‡K †Kvb Kv‡Ri
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ I wb‡`©kbv `vb Ki‡j KgwcDUvi wb‡R †_‡KB m¤c~Y© KvRwU
mgvav Ki‡Z cv‡i|
e¨env‡ii eûg~wLZv t e¨env‡ii eûg~wLZv KgwcDUv‡ii Avi GKwU ˆewkó¨| GKRb
gvbyl †Kvb GKwU we‡kl Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cvi`kx© n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi wewfbœ hšÎmg~nI
GK GKwU we‡kl KvR Kivi Rb¨ ˆZwi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ KgwcDUvi Ggb GKwU
hšÎ hv w`‡q mvaviY wnmve-wbKvk †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Rxe‡bi wewfbœ ch©v‡q RwUj
KvRKg© Z_v ˆeÁvwbK mgm¨v, M‡elYv BZ¨vw`i Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv hvq|
KgwcDUvi †K Avwe®‹vi K‡i
m„wóKZ©v gvbyl‡K eyw× w`‡q‡Qb| gvbyl A‡bK mvabv K‡i gw¯Í¯‹‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q A‡bK
wKQy Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Q Ges Ki‡Q| †hgb, Rb gvK©Yx †iwWI Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Qb| hw`
cÖkœ Kiv nq KgwcDUv‡ii Avwe®‹viK †K ? Zvn‡j Gi DËi wK n‡e ? Gi DËi n‡e
e¨vcK| KviY, KgwcDUvi GKR‡b Avwe®‹vi K‡ibwb| hy‡M hy‡M wewfbœ e¨w³,
cÖwZôv‡bi †Póv I mvabvi d‡j AvR‡Ki AvaywbK KgwcDUvi Avwe®‹…Z n‡q‡Q Ges
Av‡iv AZ¨vaywbK KgwcDUvi Avwe®‹v‡ii Rb¨ wewfbœ e¨w³/ cÖwZôvb †Póv K‡i hv‡”Q|
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

7. 7
ZvB KgwcDUvi Avwe®‹vi Rvb‡Z n‡j cÖ_g †_‡K Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g
Avwe®‹…Z MYbvKvix h‡š¿i bvg BwZnvm †N‡U hZUzKz Rvbv hvq cÖvq Pvi nvRvi ermi
c~‡e© Pxbv‡`i ˆZwi A¨vevKvm bvgK MYbvKvix hš¿wUB cÖ_g MYbvKvix hš¿| hv‡K
KgwcDUv‡ii c~e©cyiæl ejv nq| †m n‡Z AvR Aewa A‡bK ch©vq AwZµg K‡i
eZ©gvb AvaywbK KgwcDUvi Avgv‡`i mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡q‡Q| AvaywbK KgwcDUv‡ii
†gŠwjK iƒc‡iLv ˆZwi K‡ib e„wUk MwYZ wekvi` Pvj©m e¨v‡eR (Charles Babbage)|
1833 mv‡j wZwb c~e© cÖR‡b¥i mKj hš¿ MY‡Ki Rb¨ ¯§„wZfvÛv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
Dcjwä K‡i ÒA¨vbvwjwU‡KjÓ bvgK GKwU hš¿ ˆZwii cwiKíbv K‡ib| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y
Zvi G cÖ‡Póv ev¯Íe iƒc`v‡b mg_© bv n‡jI Zvi G cwiKíbvi Dci wfwË K‡iB
AvR‡Ki AvaywbK KgwcDUvi Avwe®‹…Z n‡q‡Q| G Kvi‡Y Pvj©m e¨veR‡K KgwcDUv‡ii
Avw` wcZv ev KgwcDUv‡ii RbK ejv n‡q _v‡K| Pvj©m e¨v‡e‡Ri cwiKíbv I cÖ‡Póv
cieZx©Kv‡j G wel‡q M‡elYvi c_ D‡b¥vwPZ K‡i‡Q| cieZx©‡Z †jwW A¨vWv AvMvóv,
d«v¼ eÛBDb mn Av‡iv A‡b‡K Zvi cw_K…r n‡q G wel‡q wbR avibvi weKvk NUvb|
1887 mv‡j Wt nvig¨vb n‡jwi_ hy³iv‡óªi Av`gïgvix Kv‡R e¨env‡ii Rb¨ B‡jK‡Uªv
†gKvwbK¨vj e¨e¯’vq cvÂKv‡W©i mgš^q NwU‡q GKwU Z_¨ cÖwµqvKi‡Yi hš¿ Avwe®‹vi
K‡ib| G h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ `ªæZ Av`gïgvixi wi‡cvU© ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e n‡qwQj| 1896
mv‡j n‡jwi‡_i G hš¿ ˆZwii Rb¨ Òn‡jwi_ †Uey‡jwUs †gwkb †Kv¤úvwbÓ bvg w`‡q
GKwU †Kv¤úvwb cÖwZôv K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z G RvZxq Av‡iv K‡qKwU ‡Kv¤úvwb wg‡j
weL¨vZ KgwcDUvi cÖ¯‘ZKvix cÖwZôvb ÒB›Uvib¨vkbvj weR‡bm †gwkb K‡c©v‡ikbÓ
ms‡ÿ‡c IBM Gi Rb¥ nq|
gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi nvfv©W© wek¦we`¨vj‡qi MwY‡Zi Aa¨vcK nvIqvW© GBP. AvB‡Kb AvB,
we, Gg Gi PviRb cÖ‡KŠkjxi mn‡hvwMZvq 1944 mv‡j Mark-1 bv‡g cÖ_g ¯^qswµq
mvaviY B‡jK‡Uªv‡gKvwbK¨vj wWwRUvj KgwcDUvi ˆZwi K‡ib| gvK©-1 wQj 51 dzU
j¤^v, 8 dzU DuPz| G‡Z 7 jÿ hš¿vs‡ki Rb¨ 500 gvBj j¤^v Zvi e¨envi Kiv
n‡qwQj| Gi IRb wQj 5 Ub| hš¿wU 15 eQi Pvjy wQj| GLb GwU nvf©vW©
wek¦we`¨vj‡q Av‡Q|
1946 mv‡j hy³iv‡óªi †cbwmjfvwbqv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK Wt Rb gDmwj Ges
Zvi GK QvÎ †cªmcvi GKvW© (ENIAC) bv‡g ˆZwi K‡ib cÖ_g cÖR‡b¥i wWwRUvj
KgwcDUvi| AvKv‡i G KgwcDUvi wQj e„nr| IRb wQj cÖvq 30 Ub| GwbqvK cÖwZ
†m‡K‡Û 5000 †hvM we‡qvM Ki‡Z cviZ|
1946 mv‡j nv‡½ixq MwYZwe` Rb wbDg¨vb (John Von Neuman) ÒmsiwÿZ
†cÖvMÖvgÓ ("Internal Stored Program") aviYvwU D™¢veb K‡ib| wZwbB cÖ_g
KgwcDUv‡ii ÒZ_¨ I wb‡`©kÓ msiwÿZ ivLvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| Zvi aviYv‡K Kv‡R
jvwM‡q †KgweªR wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖ‡dmi gwik DBjKk (Maurice Wilkes) 1946
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

8. 8
mv‡j EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer) bvgK mwZ¨Kv‡ii
me©cÖ_g ¯^qswµq B‡jKUªwbK&m wWwRUvj KgwcDUvi cÖ¯‘Z K‡ib|
fb wbDg¨v‡bi bxwZ‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q EDASC ˆZwii c~‡e©B ENIAC Gi wbg©vZv
gDmvj I †cÖmcvi GK©vW ENIAC bvgK KgwcDUvi ˆZwi‡Z wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| wKš‘
Gwi g‡a¨ Zviv wb‡Riv GKwU ‡Kv¤úvbx cÖwZôv K‡ib e‡j ENIAC ˆZwi‡Z †`wi nq|
1950 mv‡j Zviv EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)
ˆZwi K‡ib| G KgwcDUv‡i wKQy Z_¨, wb‡`©k I †cÖvMÖvg msiÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v wQj|
Gici Rb gDmvj I †cÖmcvi GKvW© wb‡R‡`i †Kv¤úvwb‡Z 1951 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m
BDwbe¨vK-1 (UNIVAC = Universal Automatic Calculator) ˆZwi K‡ib| GwUB nj
me©cÖ_g evwYwR¨K wfwˇZ ˆZwi B‡jKUªwbK KgwcDUvi| G KgwcDUv‡i wÎóvj Wv‡q‡U
my¨BP Ges f¨vwKDg wUDe mvwK©U e¨envi Kiv nq| G KgwcDUv‡ii D‡jøL‡hvM¨
ˆewkó¨ nj GwU GKB m‡½ cov (Read), MYbv (Compute) Ges Z_¨ †jLvi (Write)
KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv| cÖ_g UNIVAC-1 wU mieivn Kiv nq gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi Bureau
of Census Awd‡m, wØZxqwU wegvb evwnbx‡Z Ges Z…ZxqwU mieivn Kiv nq Avwg© g¨vc
mvwf©m Awd‡m| gvDmvj Ges GKvW© Gi †`Lv‡`wL wewfbœ ‡Kv¤úvwb evwYwR¨K wfwˇZ
KgwcDUvi ˆZwi Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i| Gi g‡a¨ AvBweGg wQj AMÖMY¨| 1953 mv‡j
AvBweGg IBM 701 bvgK KgwcDUvi ‰Zwi K‡i| G mg‡q †cÖvMÖvg ˆZwi Kiv nZ
evBbvix fvlv e¨envi K‡i|
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

9. 9
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

10. 10
1948 mv‡j UªvbwRói (Transistor) Avwe®‹…Z nIqvi ci KgwcDUv‡i evj&‡ei e`‡j
UªvbwRó‡ii e¨envi ïiæ nq| UªvbwRói e¨eüZ KgwcDUvi¸‡jv AvKv‡i †QvU n‡q
†h‡Z ïiæ K‡i| G KgwcDUvi¸‡jv Av‡Mi KgwcDUvi A‡cÿv DbœZ wQj| Av‡Mi gZ
G¸‡jv Nb Nb bó n‡Zv bv Ges KvRI Ki‡Zv Av‡Mi †P‡q `ªæZ MwZ‡Z| UªvbwRói
e¨eüZ G KgwcDUvi‡K wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i KgwcDUvi ejv nq| Gw`‡K KgwcDUvi‡K
wb‡`©k †`qvi Dcvq I mnR n‡q †Mj †gwkb j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri RvqMvq nvB †j‡fj
j¨vs¸‡qR G‡m covq| KviY B‡Zvg‡a¨ `yBRb weÁvbx BASIC bv‡gi KgwcDUvi
†cÖvMÖvg Kivi fvlv D™¢veb K‡ib| G fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg wjLv LyeB mnR| d‡j GwU LyeB
RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i|
UªvbwRóv‡ii ci Av‡m AvBwm (IC) Gi e¨envi| wmwjKb ev †mwgKÛv±i-Gi GKwU
ÿz`ª As‡k GKvwaK UªvbwRói mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡j Zv‡K ejv nq AvBwm ev mgwš^Z
mvwK©U (Integrated Circute-IC)| AvBwm e¨envi K‡i ˆZwi nj bZzb cÖR‡b¥i
KgwcDUvi| G¸‡jvi AvKvi nj c~‡e©i †P‡q A‡bK †QvU Ges cvkvcvwk †e‡o †Mj
¸YMZ gvb| `ªæZZi nj Kv‡Ri MwZ| AvBwm e¨eüZ KgwcDUvi ¸‡jv‡K Z…Zxq
cÖR‡b¥i KgwcDUvi ejv nq|
KgwcDUv‡ii me‡P‡q eo wecøe N‡U gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi Avwe®‹v‡ii g‡a¨ w`‡q| 1971
mv‡j Av‡gwiKvi B‡›Uj (Intel) bvgK ‡Kv¤úvwb me©cÖ_g gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi
(Microprocessor) ˆZwi K‡i| gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi n‡”Q GK eM©Bw gv‡ci AwZ Aí
AvqZb wewkó wmwjKb bvgK cv‡Z nvRvi nvRvi UªvbwRói mwbœ‡ewkZ GKwU hš¿vsk|
gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi e¨envi K‡i KgwcDUvi ˆZwi Kivq KgwcDUv‡ii AvqZb †QvU GKwU
10/12 Bw †Uwjwfk‡bi mgvb n‡q hvq| d‡j `vg K‡g hvq, e¨env‡ii myweav †e‡o
hvq Ges Kv‡Ri ÿgZv nvRvi nvRvi ¸Y †e‡o hvq| gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi w`‡q ˆZwi
KgwcDUvi‡KB AvaywbK gvB‡µvKgwcDUvi ev cv‡m©vbvj KgwcDUvi ejv nq|
KgwcDUv‡ii †kªYx wefvM
AvK…wZ, g~j¨, msiÿY ÿgZv, Z_¨ cÖwµqvKiY I Kvh© m¤úv`b Ges e¨env‡ii myweav
BZ¨vw`i Dci wfwË K‡i KgwcDUvi‡K wewfbœ †kªYx‡Z wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| AvK…wZMZ
w`K †_‡K KgwcDUvi‡K Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| fvM¸‡jv nj t
1) mycvi KgwcDUvi (Super Computer)
2) †gBb‡d«g KgwcDUvi ( Mainframe Computer)
3) wgwb KgwcDUvi (Mini Computer)
4) gvB‡µv KgwcDUvi (Micro Computer)
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

11. 11
1) mycvi KgwcDUvi
AvK…wZMZ w`K †_‡K me©e„nr GB KgwcDUv‡ii Z_¨ msiÿY I Z_¨ cÖwµqvKi‡Yi
ÿgZv AZ¨šÍ kw³kvjx I `ªæZ MwZ m¤úbœ| wecyj cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Kv‡R e¨eüZ AwaK
e¨qeûj GB KgwcDUvi mvaviYZ ˆeÁvwbK M‡elYv I e„nr cÖwZôv‡b e¨eüZ nq|
D`vniY t CRAY-1, CRAY X-MP, CYBER-205 .
2) †gBb‡d«g KgwcDUvi
mycvi KgwcDUv‡ii †P‡q †QvU wKš‘ Ab¨vb¨ KgwcDUv‡ii †P‡q eo G ai‡bi
KgwcDUvi GKB m‡½ A‡bK¸‡jv MÖnY gyL / wbM©gb gyL miÄvg Ges A‡bK iKg
mnvqK ¯§„wZi mv‡_ ms‡hvM iÿv K‡i KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| eo eo cÖwZôv‡b G ai‡bi
KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi †`Lv hvq| D`vniY t UNIVAC 1100/01, IBM 6120, IBM
4341, NCR N8370, DATA GENERAL CS30 BZ¨vw`|
3) wgwb KgwcDUvi
gvSvwi ai‡bi G †kªYxi KgwcDUvi‡K GKwU mvaviY †Uwe‡j emv‡bv m¤¢e| G †kªYxi
KgwcDUv‡iI Uvwg©bv‡ji gva¨‡g e¨enviKvix KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| G ai‡bi
KgwcDUv‡ii †K›`ªxq cÖwµqvKiY As‡ki Rb¨ mvaviYZ GKK †evW© wewkó eZ©bx
e¨eüZ nq| mvaviYZ e¨vs‡Ki wnmve msµvšÍ Kv‡R G †kªYxi KgwcDUvi e¨eüZ nq|
D`vniY t PDP11, NOVA3, IBM S/34, IBM S/36 BZ¨vw`|
4) gvB‡µv KgwcDUvi
eZ©gvb we‡k¦ me‡P‡q RbwcÖq G ai‡bi KgwcDUvi¸‡jv AvK…wZMZ w`K n‡Z †QvU
Ges `v‡gI Lye m¯Ív| †K›`ªxq cÖwµqvKiY Ask wn‡m‡e Microprocessor Gi e¨envi
gvB‡µv KgwcDUv‡ii cÖavb ˆewkó¨| Awdwmqvj Kv‡R e¨envi QvovI M„n¯’vjx KvR,
†Ljva~jv I wPË we‡bv`b Ges e¨w³MZ Kv‡R G ai‡bi KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi e¨vcK
nv‡i †e‡o P‡j‡Q| G Rb¨ G †kªYxi KgwcDUvi‡K wc.wm ev Personal Computer ejv
nq| weªd‡KBR I †QvU eB‡qi AvKv‡iI eZ©gv‡b G ai‡bi KgwcDUvi cvIqv hvq|
D`vniYt IBM P.C, TRS 80, APPLE 64 BZ¨vw`| gvB‡µvKgwcDUvi ev cv‡m©vbvj
KgwcDUvi‡K wZbwU †kªYx‡Z fvM Kiv nq| h_vt 1. mycvi gvB‡µv (Super Micro), 2.
†W¯‹Uc (DeskTop) Ges j¨vcUc (LapTop)
1. mycvi gvB‡µv
mycvi gvB‡µv KgwcDUvi me‡P‡q kw³kvjx gvB‡µvKgwcDUvi| Gi Av‡iK bvg
IqvK© †ókb| G †kªYxi KgwcDUv‡ii ÿgZv wgwb KgwcDUv‡ii KvQvKvwQ weavq
G¸‡jv †gBb‡d«‡gi ¯’vb `Lj K‡i wb‡”Q|
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

12. 12
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

13. 13
2. †W¯‹Uc
G †kªYxi KgwcDUvi mn‡RB GKwU †W¯‹ Gi Dci (Top) ivLv hvq e‡j G¸‡jv‡K
†W¯‹Uc KgwcDUvi ejv nq| †hgb t AvBweGg cv‡m©vbvj KgwcDUvi, G¨vcj
†gwKb‡Uvk BZ¨vw`|
3. j¨vcUc
†W¯‹Uc KgwcDUvi A‡cÿv ÿz`ª KgwcDUvi¸‡jv j¨vcUc bv‡g cwiwPZ| G¸‡jv
†`L‡Z †QvU G¨vUvwP †K‡mi gZ I enY‡hvM¨ Ges KvR Kivi mgq Lap (†Kvj) Gi
Dci (Top-G) †i‡L KvR Kiv hvq e‡j G¸‡jv‡K ejv nq LapTop KgwcDUvi|
j¨vcUc KgwcDUvi ¸‡jv‡K Avevi `yB‡kªYx‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| h_v t
1 †bvU eyK (Note Book) Ges 2 wcwWG (PDA)
†bvUeyK
†QvU Wv‡qix ev †bvUey‡Ki AvK…wZi j¨vcUc KgwcDUvi¸‡jv G bv‡g cwiwPZ|
G¸‡jv‡K cvIqvi eyKI ejv nq|
wcwWG
mve-‡bvU eyK wcwWG (PDA = Personal digital Assistance) GK †kªYxi j¨vcUc
KgwcDUvi| AvK…wZMZ w`K QvovI MVbMZ w`K †_‡K KgwcDUvi‡K wZbwU †kªYx‡Z
fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
h_v t (1) wWwRUvj KgwcDUvi (Digital Computer)
(2) A¨vbvjM KgwcDUvi (Analog Computer)
(3) nvBweªW ev ksKi KgwcDUvi (Hybrid Computer)
(1) wWwRUvj KgwcDUvi
Z_¨ cÖwµqvKiY I wnmv‡ei Rb¨ G ai‡Yi KgwcDUvi eY© ev AsK ms‡K‡Zi gva¨‡g
Z_¨MÖnY K‡i Ges djvdj cÖKvk K‡i| G ai‡bi KgwcDUvi wbfz©jfv‡e MvwYwZK I
hyw³MZ KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| AvšÍ©RvwZK wbq‡g wWwRUvj ms‡K‡Zi abvÍK Zi½
D”PZv‡K 1 Ges FYvÍK Zi½ D”PZv‡K 0 wnmv‡e aiv nq| 1 I 0 w`‡q MwVZ
KgwcDUv‡ii GB cÖavb fvlv‡K wØZxq ev evBbvix msL¨v ejv nq| wWwRUvj KgwcDUvi
eBbvix c×wZ‡Z A_©vr 1 I 0 Gi Dcw¯’wZi Dci wbf©i K‡i DcvË msMÖn K‡i KvR
K‡i _v‡K| cÖPwjZ A‡_© KgwcDUvi ej‡Z wWwRUvj KgwcDUvi‡KB eySvq|
(2) A¨vbvjM KgwcDUvi
A¨vbvjM KgwcDUv‡i eY© I AsK ms‡K‡Zi cwie‡Z© µgvMZ ev Analog ˆe`y¨wZK
ms‡KZ e¨envi Kiv nq| †iv`, Zvc, Pvc, DËv‡ci Rb¨ m„ó ˆe`y¨wZK Zi½‡K
A¨vbvjM KgwcDUvi Input wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i Ges DcvË cÖwµqvKi‡Yi djvdj
mvaviY cÖ`k©‡bi KvuUv w`‡q †`Lv‡bv nq A_ev cøUvi w`‡q AsKb Kiv nq| ivmvqwbK,
†c‡Uªvwjqvg I Lv`¨ cÖwµqvKiY wk‡í A¨vbvjM KgwcDUv‡ii eûj e¨envi Av‡Q|
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

14. 14
(3) nvBweªW KgwcDUvi
wWwRUvj Ges A¨vbvjM G `yB ai‡bi KgwcDUv‡ii mgš^‡q MwVZ KgwcDUvi‡K
nvBweªW ev ksKi KgwcDUvi ejv nq| †ek wKQy ˆeÁvwbK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨
nvBweªW KgwcDUvi e¨eüZ nq|
AvBweGg, AvBweGg Kg‡cwUej KgwcDUvi wK ?
B‡›Uj (Intel) †Kv¤úvwb 1971 mv‡j gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi ˆZwi K‡i| gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi
Avwe®‹v‡ii d‡j KgwcDUv‡ii `ªæZ DbœwZ nq| gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi w`‡q gvB‡µv
KgwcDUvi ev cv‡m©vbvj KgwcDUvi ˆZwi nq| B‡›Uj †Kv¤úvwbi gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi w`‡q
hy³iv‡óªi IBM (International Business Machineries) †Kv¤úvwb KZ…©K ˆZwi
gvB‡µvKgwcDUvi ev cv‡m©vbvj KgwcDUvi AvBweGg wcwm bv‡g cwiwPZ|
Compatible kãwUi A_© nj Abyiƒc, Dc‡hvwMZv mv`„k¨c~Y© BZ¨vw`| B‡›Uj †Kv¤úvbxi
gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi ev Ab¨vb¨ †Kv¤úvbx KZ…©K ˆZwi Abyiƒc gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi e¨envi K‡i
wewfbœ †Kv¤úvwb gvB‡µvKgwcDUvi ev cv‡m©vbvj KgwcDUvi ˆZwi K‡i evRviRvZ
Ki‡Q| G mg¯Í KgwcDUvi AvBweGg †Kv¤úvwbi ˆZwi gvB‡µvKgwcDUv‡ii Abyiƒc|
A_©vr IBM KgwcDUv‡i e¨eüZ md&UIq¨vi G mg¯Í KgwcDUv‡i e¨envi Kiv hvq| †m
Rb¨ G mg¯Í KgwcDUvi‡K AvBweGg Kg‡cwUej KgwcDUvi ejv nq| IBM PC Qvov
Ab¨vb¨ †h mKj KgwcDUv‡i IBM wcwmi Rb¨ ˆZwi md&UIq¨vi I wewfbœ hš¿vw` P‡j
ev Pvjv‡bv hvq †mme KgwcDUvi‡K †K¬vbI ejv nq| †K¬vb‡K GK K_vq AvBweGg
wcwmi nvW©Iq¨v‡ii bKj ejv nq| eZ©gvb mviv we‡k¦ AvBweGg †K¬vb-B †ekx e¨eüZ
nq| IBM QvovI †h mg¯Í †Kv¤úvwb IBM Compatible KgwcDUvi ˆZwi K‡i Ggb
K‡qKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †Kv¤úvwb nj - Compaq, Hewlett Packard, Digital, Dell, Acer,
ALR, AST, AMT BZ¨vw`|
G¨vcj, G¨vcj †gwKb‡Uvk
wóf DRwbqvK Ges wó‡fb Rem Gi MZ weL¨vZ Apple Company-Gi ˆZwi
KgwcDUvi¸‡jv Apple, Apple ii bv‡g cwiwPZ| G ¸‡jv IBM ev IBM Compatible
†_‡K wfbœ| g‡Uv‡ivjv bvgK †Kv¤úvwbi ˆZwi gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi w`‡q G¨vcj †gwKb‡Uvk
ˆZwi Kiv nq| IBM Gi Rb¨ ˆZwi md&UIq¨vi APPLE KgwcDUv‡i Pvjv‡bv hvq bv|
Avgv‡`i †`‡k Apple KgwcDUvi mvaviYZ cÖKvkbv RM‡Z †ewk e¨eüZ n‡”Q|
KgwcDUv‡ii wewfbœ hš¿cvwZ
GKwU AvaywbK gvB‡µv KgwcDUvi ev wcwmÕi mv‡_ _v‡K 1| gwbUi (wUwfi gZ)
2| Kx-‡evW© (GKwU †evW© wewfbœ Kx-i mvwi) 3| wm‡÷g BDwbU ( GKwU e·)
4| gvDm I gvDm c¨vW
e‡·i gZ †`L‡Z †hwU‡Z cvIqvi my¨BP _v‡K, d¬wc wW‡¯‹U XzKv‡bvi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q,
Reset my¨BP Av‡Q Ges K¬K w¯úW (Turbo) †`Lv hvq GwUB g~jZt KgwcDUvi| Gi
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

15. 15
wfZ‡iB KgwcDUv‡ii me Kvh©µg msNwUZ nq| hviv KgwcDUvi nvW©Iq¨vi BwÄwbqvi
Zviv Gi wfZ‡ii wewfbœ hš¿cvwZ m¤ú‡K© e¨vcK Ávb iv‡Lb| mvaviY e¨enviKvix‡`i
KgwcDUv‡ii wfZ‡i wK wK hš¿cvwZ Av‡Q Zv Rvbvi AvMÖn _vK‡Z cv‡i| wb‡¤œ G
m¤ú‡K© mswÿß Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj| KgwcDUv‡ii wm‡÷g BDwb‡Ui wfZ‡i wb¤œwjwLZ
Ask ¸‡jv _v‡K t
1| gv`vi †evW© (Mother Board)
2| wewfbœ ai‡bi KvW© (Various Types of Card)
3| d¬wc wW¯‹ WªvBf (Floppy Disk Drive)
4| nvW© wW¯‹ (Hard Disk)
5| ms‡hvMKvix Zvi (Power Supplier, etc)
6| cvIqvi mvcøvBqvi BZ¨vw` (Power Supplier, etc)
gv`vi †evW©
KgwcDUv‡ii †Kwms Gi wfZ‡i mshy³ nvjKv meyR wmwjK‡bi Dci wewfbœ
hš¿cvwZhy³ †evW©‡K gv`vi †evW© ejv nq|
gv`vi †ev†W© wb¤œwjwLZ Parts ¸‡jv _v‡K t
1| cÖ‡mmi (Processor)
2| g¨v_ †Kv-cÖ‡mmi (Math Co-Processor)
3| i¨vg (RAM) I ig (ROM)
4| wiPvR© e¨vUvix (Rechargeable Battery)
5| úU (Expansive Slot)
6| Kx-‡evW© Kv‡b±i I Ab¨vb¨ †cvU© BZ¨vw`|
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

16. 16
wb‡¤œ †Kvb& Parts wU wK K‡i ms‡ÿ‡c Zvi eY©bv †`qv nj t
1| cÖ‡mmi (Processor) t †K›`ªxq cÖwµqvKiY
Ask ev wmwcBD (Central Processing Unit -
CPU) KgwcDUv‡ii me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask|
A‡bK †ÿ‡Î ms‡ÿ‡c G‡K ïay cÖ‡mmiI ejv
nq| KgwcDUv‡ii Rb¨ G‡K gw¯Z®‹ wn‡m‡e a‡i
†bqv hvq|
3| i¨vg (RAM) t A¯’vqx ¯§„wZ| KgwcDUv‡ii Kg©ÿgZv Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i| i¨vg
hZ †ewk n‡e †Kvb †cÖvMÖv‡g ZZ †ewk `ªæZ MwZ‡Z KvR Kiv hv‡e|
4| ig (ROM) t ¯’vqx ¯§„wZ| cÖ‡mm‡ii mv‡_ jvMv‡bv _v‡K| ig ¯§„wZ‡Z wKQy wb‡`©k
c~e© †_‡K (KgwcDUvi wbg©vZviv) w`‡q †`qv _v‡K| †h¸‡jvi wfwˇZB KgwcDUv‡ii
me Kvh©µg wbqwš¿Z nq|
5| CMOS e¨vUvwi t KgwcDUvi hLb eÜ _v‡K ZLb CMOS G f¨vjymg~n (†hgbÑ
ev‡qvm KbwdMv‡ikb, ZvwiL Ges mgq msµvšÍ Z_¨) ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³
hywM‡q _v‡K|
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

17. 17
6| Expansion Slot t gv`vi †ev‡W©i GKcÖKvi Kv‡b±i hv Add-in †K gv`vi †ev‡W©i
mv‡_ hy³ K‡i|
7| Key Board Connector t gv`vi †ev‡W© ¯’vqxfv‡e hy³ GK cÖKvi Kv‡b±i hv Kx-
‡evW© †K mshy³ Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq|
2| wewfbœ ai‡bi KvW© (Various Types of Cards)
g~j KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ evowZ hš¿ (†hgbt gwbUi, wW¯‹ WªvBf g‡Wg BZ¨vw`)
mshy³ Kivi Rb¨ H h‡š¿i m¤úK©hy³ wKQy hš¿ gv`vi †ev‡W© mshy³ Ki‡Z nq|
G¸‡jv‡K wfbœ wfbœ bv‡gi KvW©/K‡›Uªvj ejv nq| †hgb t VGA Card, Sound Card,
Floppy Controller, Hard Disk Controller BZ¨vw`|
3| Floppy Disk Drive
KgwcDUv‡ii †Kwms Gi mvg‡bi w`‡K jvMv‡bv _v‡K| †Lvjv gyLwU evwn‡i _v‡K| Gi
wfZi w`‡q wW‡¯‹U XzKv‡bv nq| d¬wc WªvBf, wW‡¯‹U n‡Z Z_¨ co‡Z I wjL‡Z cv‡i|
4| Hard Disk
eZ©gv‡b me KgwcDUv‡iB nvW©wW¯‹ _v‡K| wewfbœ †cÖvMÖvg Ges DcvË nvW©wW‡¯‹
msiwÿZ _v‡K|
5| Power Supplier
KgwcDUv‡ii †Kwms Gi wcQ‡bi w`‡K cvIqvi mvcøvBqvi mshy³ _v‡K| Gi wcQ‡bi
AskwU evwn‡i _v‡K| G‡Z Kv‡b±i _v‡K| Kv‡b±‡i K¨vejm hy³ K‡i Zv B‡jKwUªwmwU
†ev‡W© jvMv‡bv nq| cvIqvi mvcøvB‡qi mv‡_ mshy³ K¨vejm Ab¨vb¨ hš¿vs‡k mshy³
K‡i Zv‡Z we`y¨r Pvjbv Kiv nq|
KgwcDUvi msMVb
GKwU cv‡m©vbvj gvB‡µv KgwcDUv‡ii w`‡K ZvKv‡j Avgiv Gi wZbwU Ask †`L‡Z
cvB| wUwfi gZ GKwU Ask hv‡K ejv nq gwbUi, GKwU Kx-‡evW© Ges GKwU e·
hv‡K ejv nq wm.wc.BD ev wm‡÷g BDwbU| wm‡÷g BDwb‡Ui wfZ‡i A‡bK
hš¿cvwZ‡K ejv nq nvW©Iq¨vi (Hardware)| KgwcDUvi wKfv‡e KvR K‡i Gi Dci
wfwË K‡iB Gi hš¿cvwZ msMwVZ Kiv nq| GKwU KgwcDUvi e¨e¯’vcbvq msMwVZ
hš¿cvwZ wb¤œwjwLZ PviwU cÖavb †kªYx‡Z wef³| h_v t
1| BbcyU wWfvBm (Input Device)
2| †m›Uªvj cÖ‡mwms BDwbU (Central Processing Unit)
3| ¯§„wZ fvÛvi (Memory)
4| AvDUcyU wWfvBm (Output Device)
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

18. 18
1| BbcyU wWfvBm
KgwcDUvi‡K w`‡q †Kvb KvR Kiv‡Z PvB‡j cÖ_‡gB Gi wfZ‡i Z_¨ ev †cÖvMÖvg
XzKv‡Z n‡e| †h me hš¿cvwZi gva¨‡g †Kvb wb‡`©k, †WUv ev DcvË Ges †cÖvMÖvg
KgwcDUv‡i †`qv nq †m me hš¿cvwZ‡K MÖnYgyL gva¨g ev BbcyU wWfvBm ejv nq|
Kx-‡evW© BbcyU wWfvBm wnmv‡e me‡P‡q †ewk e¨eüZ nq| Kx-‡evW© QvovI Av‡iv
A‡bK hš¿cvwZ Av‡Q †h¸‡jv BbcyU wWfvBm wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq| wb‡¤œ BbcyU wWfvBm
wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ggb KZ¸‡jv hš¿cvwZi bvg D‡jøL Kiv nj t
K) Kx-‡evW©
GKwU †ev‡W©i g‡a¨ Bs‡iRx eY©, msL¨v, we‡kl wPý I †jLv wewfbœ Kx ¸‡jv
mvwie×fv‡e mvRv‡bv _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b e¨eüZ Kx-‡evW© ¸‡jv‡Z 101wU A_ev 102wU
A_ev 104wU Kx ev †evZvg Av‡Q| Bs‡iRx eY© I msL¨v Ges we‡kl wP‡ý wPwýZ Kx
¸‡jv mvaviY UvBcivBUv‡ii gZ Ges web¨vm ev mvRv‡bvI GKB iKg| Kx-‡evW© me
KgwcDUv‡iB _v‡K| GwU GKwU AZ¨vek¨Kxq BbcyU wWfvBm|
L) gvDm
wPKb j¤^v Zvi w`‡q KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ Bu`yi m`„k ÿz`ª hš¿vsk hv w`‡q
KgwcDUv‡i BbcyU †`qv nq Zv-B nj gvDm| GwUI GKwU RbwcÖq eûj e¨eüZ BbcyU
wWfvBm| gvDm bovPov Ki‡j gwbU‡ii c`©vq GKwU Zxi wPý bovPov Ki‡Z ‡`Lv
hvq| gvDm bovPov K‡i B‡”QgZ ZxiwU‡K `ªæZ ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i wewfbœ wb‡`©k
(Command) Gi Dci wb‡q gvD‡mi evg †evZvg †P‡c A_©vr wK¬K& K‡i KgwcDUvi‡K
wewfbœ wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kiv nq| GQvovI gvD‡mi mvnv‡h¨ c`©vq wjwLZ welq, MÖvd Qwe
BZ¨vw` wbqš¿Ymn Av‡iv bvbv cÖKvi KvR Kiv hvq|
M) ¯‹¨vbvi
cÖKvkbv RM‡Z GwU GKwU AZ¨vek¨Kxq RbwcÖq BbcyU wWfvBm| Gi gva¨‡g
K¨v‡givq †Zvjv Qwe, †iLv, †jLv BZ¨vw` ûeû KgwcDUv‡i w`‡q †`qv hvq| ¯‹¨vbv‡ii
mvnv‡h¨ KgwcDUv‡i †bqv Qwe, †iLv, †jLv BZ¨vw` B‡”QgZ GwWU K‡i †h †Kvb
†cÖvMÖv‡gi welqe¯‘i g‡a¨ ewm‡q wcÖ›U Kiv hvq| ¯‹¨vbvi wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i|
†hgb - Hand Held Scanner, Flatbed Scanner ev Drum Scanner BZ¨vw`|
N) jvBU‡cb
jvBU‡cb n‡”Q GK ai‡Yi Av‡jvK ms‡e`bkxj B‡jKUªwbK †cb hv KgwcDUv‡i
BbcyU wWfvBm wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq| jvBU †c‡bi mvnv‡h¨ MÖvwd· †Ue‡jU I gwbU‡ii
c`©vq wWRvB‡bi KvR Kiv hvq Ges gvD‡mi b¨vq †gby KgvÛ wm‡j± Kiv hvq|
AvDUcyUcÖ‡mwmsBbcyU
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

19. 19
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox
www.facebook.com/tanbir.cox

20. 20
O) IGgAvi (OMR= Optical Mark Reader)
OMR Gi mvnv‡h¨ ¯‹¨vbv‡ii gZ wjwLZ welqe¯‘ KgwcDUv‡i †`qv nq| Z‡e wKQyUv
cv_©K¨ Av‡Q| OMR †Kvb welq gvK© Kiv ïay wPý¸‡jv cvV K‡i KgwcDUvi‡K
Rvbvq| c~‡e©B †mU Kiv †cÖvMÖv‡gi wfwˇZ KgwcDUvi djvdj cÖ`vb K‡i| eZ©gvb
gva¨wgK cixÿvq ˆbe©¨w³K cÖ‡kœi DËi `ªæZ hvPvB K‡i djvdj cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨
IGgAvi c×wZ e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q|
P) g‡Wg
†gv‡Wg (Modem) kãwUi cy‡iv A_© n‡jv ÔgWy¨‡jUi-wWgWy¨‡jUi (Modulator-
Demodulator)Õ| †gv‡Wg n‡”Q GKwU ˆe`y¨wZK wWfvBm| †bUIqvwK©s‡q Z_¨vewj
Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î †gv‡Wg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| †gv‡Wg Modulation Ges
Demodulation KvR `ywU K‡i _v‡K| †Kv‡bv KgwcDUvi n‡Z AvMZ Z_¨‡K †gv‡W‡gi
gva¨‡g wWwRUvj weU n‡Z A¨vbvjM wmMb¨v‡j iƒcvšÍi Kiv nq| G KvRwU‡K
Modulation e‡j| Avevi A¨vbvjM wmMbvj‡K wWwRUvj we‡U iƒcvšÍi Kivi KvR‡K
Demodulation e‡j| G KvRwUI †gv‡W‡gi gva¨‡g m¤úvw`Z nq| hLb KgwcDUvi
n‡Z Z_¨ †gv‡W‡g hvq ZLb GwU Z_¨‡K wWwRUvj weU n‡Z A¨vbvjM wmMb¨v‡j
iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i| Avi hLb iƒcvšÍwiZ A¨vbvjM wmMb¨vj Aci cÖv‡šÍ Ab¨ KgwcDUv‡i
hy³ †gv‡W‡g †cŠu‡Q ZLb Zv Avevi A¨vbvjM wmMb¨v‡j KgwcDUv‡ii †evaMg¨
wWwRUvj we‡U iƒcvšÍi K‡i| Gfv‡eB `ywU KgwcDUv‡ii g‡a¨ †gv‡W‡gi gva¨‡g
†hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb Kiv hvq| †gv‡Wg †Uwj‡dvb jvBb, †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej, dvBevi
AcwUK K¨vej BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Q) Rqw÷K
†evZvghy³ nvZj m`„k¨ G hš¿wU Zvi w`‡q KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ hy³ K‡i KgwcDUv‡i
†Ljvayjv Kiv nq| wUwf Ges wfwWI †Mg‡mI G hš¿wU e¨eüZ n‡Z †`Lv hvq| Gi
nvZj a‡i bvov‡q gvD‡mi gZ wb‡`©kbv †`qv nq|
R) MÖvwdKm& U¨ve‡jU ev wWwRUvBRvi
KgwcDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wWRvBb (CAD = Computer Aided Design) Kivi Rb¨ G
hš¿wU e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| wWRvBb †ev‡W©i Dci GK ai‡bi Kjg w`‡q Gu‡K
KgwcDUv‡i BbcyU †`qv nq|
S) wWwRUvj K¨v‡giv
PjšÍ Qwe Zz‡j Zv KgwcDUv‡i †`qvi Rb¨ wWwRUvj K¨v‡giv e¨eüZ nq| G RvZxq
K¨v‡givq Qwe Zzj‡Z wdj¥ Gi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| wWwRUvj K¨v‡givq †Zvjv Qwe
K¨v‡givi ¯§„wZ‡Z _v‡K| KgwcDUv‡ii m‡½ Zv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ K¨v‡giv mshy³ K‡i
K¨v‡givi Qwe KgwcDUv‡i wb‡q †bqv nq|
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

21. 21
†K›`ªxq cÖwµqvKiY Ask (CPU)
†K›`ªxq cÖwµqvKiY Ask ev wmwcBD-B nj KgwcDUv‡ii cÖavb Ask| G‡K
KgwcDUv‡ii gw¯Í¯‹ ejv nq| KgwcDUv‡ii hveZxq Kvh©µg wbqš¿Y K‡i wmwcBD|
c Bw›`ªq w`‡q Abyfe Kiv †Kvb mgm¨v Avgv‡`i gw¯Í‡¯‹ †cŠuQv‡j gw¯Í‡¯‹i ¯§„wZ‡Z
iwÿZ Ávb I AwfÁZv Øviv gw¯Í¯‹ H mgm¨vi mgvavb Avgv‡`i nvZ, cv, gyL ev
Ab¨vb¨ AsM cÖZ¨‡½i gva¨‡g w`‡q _v‡K| KgwcDUv‡ii †ÿ‡ÎI †Zgwb BbcyU
wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g cÖvß Z_¨ †g‡gvix‡Z iwÿZ wb‡`©‡ki wfwˇZ wmwcBD mgm¨vwUi
mgvavb AvDUcy‡Ui gva¨‡g w`‡q _v‡K| Av‡MKvi KgwcDUv‡i Avf¨šÍixb cÖavb Ask
A_©vr wmwcBD-Gi Ask¸‡jv Avjv`v mshy³ _vK‡Zv| 1971 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvi B‡›Uj
(Intel) bvgK †Kv¤úvwb cÖ_g gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi ˆZwi K‡i| gvB‡µvKgwcDUvi ev
cv‡m©vbvj KgwcDUv‡ii †K›`ªxq cÖwµqvKiY BDwbU ej‡Z GLb gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi‡KB
†evSv‡bv nq|
D`vnib t Intel Core i7 , Intel Core2 Duo ,AMD Phenom II BZ¨vw`|
gvB‡µvcÖ‡mm‡ii ÿgZv I ˆewk‡ó¨i DciB KgwcDUv‡ii ÿgZv Ges Ab¨vb¨ ˆewkó¨
wbf©i K‡i| gvB‡µvcÖ‡mm‡ii cÖavb KvR¸‡jv nj t
1| KgwcDUv‡ii †g‡gvix‡Z msiwÿZ †cÖvMÖvg wbe©vn Kiv|
2| MvwYwZK/hyw³g~jK KvR Kiv|
3| †g‡gvix, ALU As‡ki g‡a¨ Z_¨ cÖwµqvKi‡Yi KvR Ges Ab¨vb¨ As‡ki m‡½
Z_¨ wewbg‡qi KvR wbqš¿Y Kiv|
4| BbcyU Ges AvDUcyU Ask¸‡jvi m‡½ Kv‡Ri mgš^q Kiv|
Gme Kv‡Ri Rb¨ gvB‡µvcÖ‡mm‡ii wfZ‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq mvwK©U _v‡K| Dc‡i DwjøwLZ
KvR¸‡jv Kivi Rb¨ gvB‡µvcÖ‡mm‡ii †fZ‡ii msMVb‡K Avevi wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv
hvq|
1| wbqš¿Y Ask (Control Unit)
2| MvwYwZK/hyw³K Ask (Arithmetic/Logic Unit)
3| ¯§„wZ (Memory)
wbqš¿Y Ask
K‡›Uªvj BDwbU KgwcDUv‡ii wewfbœ As‡ki g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab K‡i KgwcDUv‡ii mg¯Í
Kvh©KvwiZv wbqš¿Y K‡i| BbcyU wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g Avmv Z_¨¸‡jv cÖ_‡g Rgv nq
wmwcBD-Gi A¯’vqx ¯§„wZ‡Z| K‡›Uªvj BDwbU †m Z_¨¸‡jv cÖ_‡g ¯§„wZ †_‡K
MvwYwZK/hyw³K BDwb‡U †cÖiY K‡i| GLv‡b MvwYwZK Ges hyw³g~jK KvR¸‡jv m¤úbœ
nIqvi ci K‡›Uªvj BDwb‡Ui wb‡`©‡k †m¸‡jv Avevi A¯’vqx ¯§„wZ‡Z wM‡q Rgv nq|
K‡›Uªvj BDwbU Gfv‡e, Z‡_¨i Av`vb cÖ`vb wbqš¿Y Kiv QvovI KgwcDUv‡ii
hš¿cvwZ‡KI wbqš¿Y K‡i|
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

22. 22
MvwYwZK/hyw³ BDwbU
wmwcBD-Gi G As‡k cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Rb¨ MvwYwZK mgm¨vi mgvavb hyw³ I wm×všÍg~jK
KvR msNwUZ nq| A_©vr G AskwU hveZxq wn‡me wb‡Kk I †WUv we‡kølY K‡i
djvdj cÖ`vb K‡i|
A¯’vwq ¯§„wZ ev †iwR÷vi
`ªæZ cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Rb¨ wmwcBD-Gi g‡a¨ A‡bK¸‡jv Flip Flop (B‡jKUªwbK mvwK©U
hvi mvnv‡h¨ KgwcDUv‡ii Af¨šÍixY ¯§„wZfvÐv‡i wWwRUvj we`y¨r ¯ú›`b w`‡q ˆZwi
evBbvwi Z_¨ mÂq K‡i ivLv nq) A¯’vqx ¯§„wZ _v‡K| G¸‡jv‡K ejv nq †iwRóvi
(Register)| cÖwµqvKi‡Yi mgq ¯^íÿY Z_¨ iÿ‡Yi Rb¨ †iwR÷vi `iKvi nq|
Gme †iwR÷v‡i `ªæZ Z_¨ wjLb I cVb m¤¢e| MvwYwZK/hyw³ As‡k Z_¨
cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Rb¨ †iwR÷vi e¨eüZ nq| †iwR÷vi¸‡jv wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i|
KgwcDUv‡ii †g‡gvwi
gvby‡li gZ KgwcDUv‡ii I †g‡gvwi ev ¯§„wZ i‡q‡Q| KgwcDUv‡ii †g‡gvwi `yB
cÖKvi| h_v t
1| cÖavb †g‡gvwi (Main Memory)
2| mnvqK †g‡gvwi (Auxiliary Memory)
1| cÖavb †g‡gvwi
wmwcBD-Gi mv‡_ mivmwi hy³ KgwcDUv‡ii Avf¨šÍixY ¯§„wZ‡K cÖavb ¯§„wZ ejv nq|
G‡K cÖv_wgK ¯§„wZ ev Avf¨šÍixY ¯§„wZI (Internal Storage) ejv nq| BbcyU
wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g AvMZ DcvË cÖavb ¯§„wZ‡Z cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Rb¨ Ae¯’vb K‡i|
hZÿY cÖwµqvKi‡Yi KvR P‡j ZZÿYB †mB Dcv˸‡jv cÖavb ¯§„wZ‡ZB Ae¯’vb
K‡i| KgwcDUv‡ii †Kvb c¨v‡KR †cÖvMÖvg ev A¨vwcø‡Kkb †cÖvMÖv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ Z_¨
cÖwµqvKi‡Yi mgq cÖavb ¯§„wZ‡Z H Z_¨ Ges †cÖvMÖvg `yB-B cÖavb ¯§„wZ‡Z Ae¯’vb
K‡i| KgwcDUv‡ii e¨env‡ii Rb¨ K‡qKai‡bi cÖavb ¯§„wZ ev cÖv_wgK ¯§„wZ i‡q‡Q|
gvB‡µv KgwcDUvi ev wcwm-‡Z eûj e¨eüZ Aa©cwievnx ev †mwg KÛv±i ¯§„wZ `yB
cÖKvi| h_v t
1) A¯’vqx ¯§„wZ ev i¨vg (RAM = Random Access Memory)
2) ¯’vqx ¯§„wZ ev ig (ROM = Read Only Memory)
1) A¯’vqx †g‡gvwi ev i¨vg (RAM)
BbcyU wWfvBm n‡Z AvMZ me Z_¨ i¨vg-G G‡m Rgv nq Ges cÖwµqvRvZ nIqvi
Rb¨ Ae¯’vb K‡i| wmwcBD AwZ mn‡R i¨vg †_‡K Z_¨ ev wb‡`©k wb‡q djvdj ˆZwi
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

23. 23
K‡i msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ Avevi i¨vg-G cvVvq| i¨v‡g Z_¨ Rgv _v‡K A¯’vqx B‡jKwUªK
c×wZ‡Z| G Rb¨ i¨v‡g me Z_¨ _v‡K A¯’vqxfv‡e| gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi mivmwi i¨v‡gi
Rvbv Ae¯’vb wVKvbv †_‡K Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i KvR K‡i ev Z_¨ cÖwµqvRvZ K‡i| GLv‡b
mivmwi (Random) Z_¨ msMÖn Kivi Rb¨ hvIqv hvq (Access) e‡j G‡K Random
Access ejv nq| KgwcDUv‡ii my¨BP eÜ Ki‡j ev †Kvb Kvi‡Y we`y¨r P‡j †M‡j
i¨vg-G mwÂZ me Z_¨ ev †cÖvMÖvg gy‡Q hvq| gv`vi †ev‡W© i¨vg¸‡jv e¨vsK AvKv‡i
emv‡bv _v‡K| 512MB, 1 GB, 2 GB BZ¨vw` gv‡bi i¨vg gwWDj evRv‡i cvIqv hvq|
cÖ‡qvRb n‡j AwZwi³ i¨vg jvwM‡q KgwcDUv‡i A¯’vqx †g‡gvwi evov‡bv hvq| i¨v‡gi
aviY ÿgZv ‡ekx n‡j
DbœZZi G¨vwcø‡Kkb
†cÖvMÖvg wb‡q KvR Kiv
hvq| i¨vg ÿgZv †ewk
n‡j Kv‡Ri MwZ I
`ÿZv e„w× cvq| GKwU
D`vni‡Y G e¨vcviwU cwi®‹vi nIqv hvq| aiæY, GKwU †evZ‡j wewfbœ ai‡bi mv‡U©i
†evZvg Av‡Q| GKwU †cø‡U Avcwb †evZvg¸‡jv †X‡j wbw`©ó †Kvb GKwU †evZvg Lyu‡R
†ei Ki‡eb| †cøU ev evwUUv hw` †QvU nq Zvn‡j GLvb †_‡K Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z mgq
jvM‡e †ewk| wKš‘ GKwU Qov‡bv †cøU ev evm‡b hw` †evZvg¸‡jv †X‡j Lyu‡Rb Zvn‡j
`ªæZ †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| KgwcDUv‡ii †ÿ‡ÎI †Zgwb i¨v‡gi ÿgZv †ewk n‡j
Kv‡Ri MwZ e„w× cvq|
2) ¯’vwq ¯§„wZ ev ig (ROM)
KgwcDUv‡ii ¯§„wZi G As‡k KgwcDUvi cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ Z_¨ejx Ges (ASCII)
†KvW wjwce× _v‡K| GwU GKwU ¯’vqx ¯§„wZ| KgwcDUv‡ii we`y¨r mieivn eÜ K‡i
w`‡jI G ¯§„wZ‡Z iwÿZ Z_¨ejx gy‡Q hvq bv| G ¯§„wZ‡Z wKQy †gŠwjK ev AwZ
cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’vqx wb‡`©k _v‡K| G wb‡`©k¸‡jvi mvnv‡h¨B gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi KgwcDUvi
cwiPvjbv K‡i| KgwcDUvi ˆZwii mgq i‡g Gme ¯’vqx Ges AcwieZ©bxq wb‡`©kvejx
mwbœ‡ewkZ K‡i †`qv nq| G wb‡`©kvejx‡K A‡bK mgq dvg©Iq¨vi (Firmware)
wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq| ROM G bZzb wKQy ms‡hvRb, ms‡kvab ev cwieZ©b Kiv
hvq bv|
2| mnvqK ¯§„wZ
KgwcDUvi cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ Z_¨ejx Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Z_¨ ev †cÖvMÖvg †gBb
†g‡gvwi‡Z ¯’vqxfv‡e msiÿY K‡i ivLv hvq bv| wKš‘ Auxillary ev External
†g‡gvwi‡Z e¨enviKvixi Z_¨‡K ¯’vqxfv‡e msiÿY Kiv hvq| Aw·jvix †g‡gvwi n‡Z
KgwcDUv‡i †Kvb Z_¨ ev wb‡`©k †`qv hvq Ges KgwcDUvi n‡Z †Kvb Z_¨ ev wb‡`©k
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

24. 24
Aw·jvix †g‡gvwi‡Z msiÿY K‡i ivLv hvq| ZvB Aw·jvix †g‡gvwi BbcyU/AvDUcyU
wWfvBm wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| G †g‡gvwi †_‡K †KejgvÎ e¨enviKvix cyivZb Z_¨
gy‡Q w`‡Z cv‡i Ges bZzb Z_¨ wjL‡Z cv‡i| G †g‡gvwii aviYÿgZv †_‡K A‡bK
†ewk| Aw·jvix †g‡gvwi wewfbœ AvKvi AvK…wZ I aviY ÿgZv m¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K| †Uc,
d¬wc wW‡¯‹U, nvW©wW¯‹ BZ¨vw` Aw·jvix †g‡gvix|
nvW©wW¯‹
Avwki `k‡K nvW©wW‡¯‹i cÖPjb ïiæ nq|
GB wW¯‹‡K DBb‡P÷vi wW¯‹I ejv nq|
GB wW‡¯‹ iwÿZ Z_¨mg~n mn‡R bó nq
bv e‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj c¨v‡KR Ges
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨mg~n nvW©wW‡¯‹ msiÿY Kiv
nq| nvW©wW¯‹ bó nIqv ev †gvQbxq †Kvb
KgvÛ e¨ZxZ GLvbKvi Z_¨mg~n bó nq
bv| Z‡e fvBiv‡mi Avµg‡Y Z_¨ bó
n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB fvBivm †_‡K
mveavb _vK‡j nvW©wW‡¯‹i Z_¨mg~n
nvivevi fq _v‡K bv| wW¯‹wU AwaK aviYÿg weavq GLv‡b A‡bK Z_¨ msiÿY Kiv
hvq| mvaviYZ 160 wMMvevBU †_‡K K‡qK †Uiv evBU ev Z`~ä© aviYÿgZvm¤úbœ
nvW©wW¯‹ evRv‡i cvIqv hv‡”Q| nvW©wW¯‹ e¨env‡ii R‡b¨ Avjv`v WªvB‡fi cÖ‡qvRb nq
bv| wW¯‹ Ges WªvBf GKmv‡_B ms‡hvwRZ _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î GKvwaK wW¯‹ GK-m‡½ ci
ci †i‡L wjLb I cV‡bi Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b Kiv nq| †Kwms-Gi g‡a¨ K‡qKwU ¯Œz Øviv
GwU ¯’vcb Kiv nq weavq d¬wcwW‡¯‹i b¨vq GwU‡K mn‡R GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨Î ¯’vbvšÍi
Kiv hvq bv| d¬wc wW‡¯‹i Zzjbvq nvW©wW¯‹ A‡bK `ªyZMwZ‡Z Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b K‡i|
wmwW ig (CD-ROM)
wmwW ig (CD-ROM)-Gi c~Y©bvg Kgc¨v± wW¯‹ wiW Abwj †g‡gvwi (Compact Disk
Read Only Memory)| wmwW ig GKwU AcwUK¨vj gva¨g| †ewkifvM †ÿ‡Î wmwW ig
G¨vjywgwbqvg Ges cøvw÷‡Ki ˆZwi n‡q _v‡K| †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î Avevi ¯^Y© Ges
cøvw÷‡Ki ˆZwi n‡q _v‡K| wmwW ig PvKwZwUi e¨vm 4.72 Bw Ges cyiZ¡ 1.2
wgwjwgUvi| AcwUK¨vj gva¨‡g Z_¨ msiÿY Ges cVb KvR Kivi Rb¨ †jRvi iwk¥
e¨envi Kiv nq| Z_¨ msiÿY ev wjLvi Rb¨ †jRvi iwk¥ H gva¨‡gi mvi‡dm ev
Av¯Íi‡Yi wbw`©ó c¨vUvb©© cywo‡q †`q| Avevi H msiwÿZ Z_¨‡K covi Rb¨ wmwW
WªvBf Ab¨ ai‡bi †jRvi iwk¥ e¨envi K‡i| GB iwk¥ wmwWi Av¯ÍiY‡K ¯‹¨vb K‡i
Z_¨‡K wPwýZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wmwW WªvB‡f Ab¨vb¨ msiÿY gva¨‡gi b¨vq †gKvwbK¨vj
†nW †bB G Kvi‡Y G‡Z †nW µvk Kivi m¤¢vebv †bB| ZvB G‡Z SzuwK Kg wU‡K †ewk
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

25. 25
w`b Ges IfviivBU nq bv| cÖ_g cÖ_g †h me wmwW-ig †ewi‡qwQj Zv †_‡K ïay Z_¨
cov †hZ, wKš‘ Zv‡Z †Kvb Z_¨ †jLv †hZ bv| eZ©gvb bZzb ai‡bi wmwW-ig
†ewi‡q‡Q hv‡Z Z_¨ evievi †jLv hvq I cov hvq; G¸‡jv‡K ejv nq wmwW-Avi |
mnR enb‡hvM¨ GKwU gvÎ wmwW‡Z A‡bK †ewk Z_¨ ivLv hvq ZvB eZ©gv‡b wmwWi
e¨envi e¨vcK| RbwcÖq G msiÿY gva¨gwUi ˆewkó¨ n‡jvÑ Z_¨ aviYÿgZv A‡bK
(650 †gMvevB‡Ui g‡Zv), mn‡R enb Kiv hvq Ges ¯’vwqZ¡ A‡bK, g~j¨ Kg, GKwU
gvÎ wmwW‡Z cÖvq 70 wgwb‡Ui PjwPÎ Ges 18 N›Uvi kã aviY Kiv hvq|
wmwW‡Z A‡bK Z_¨ ivLv hvq e‡j eZ©gv‡b GwU e¨vcK e¨eüZ n‡”Q| wmwW‡Z †jLv,
Qwe Ges kã msiÿY K‡i cÖ`k©b Kiv hvq weavq eZ©gv‡b wewfbœ Pjw”PÎ wmwW‡Z
cvIqv hvq| GQvovI Mvb, WvB‡i±wi, eB, wcwiIwW‡Kjm KgwcDUvi A¨vwcø‡Kkb,
†Mg wkÿvg~jK Z_¨vejx wmwW‡Z cvIqv hvq| GbmvB‡K¬vwcwWqvi g‡Zv wekvj wekvj
fwjDg¸‡jv‡K GKwU gvÎ wmwW‡Z evRv‡i cvIqv hvq| ZvB A‡bK g~j¨ w`‡q A‡bK
MÖš’ hv N‡ii A‡bK RvqMv `Lj K‡i Zv bv wK‡b AZ¨šÍ Kg `v‡g wmwW wK‡b e¨envi
Kiv hvq|
wWwfwW
1996 mv‡ji †klfvM †_‡K evRv‡i G‡m‡Q m¤ú~Y© bZzb ai‡bi wmwWÑZvi bvg †`qv
n‡q‡Q wWwfwW ev wWwRUvj fvm©vUvBj wW¯‹ (Digital Versatile Disc)| G‡K GLb
†ewkifvM †ÿ‡Î Pjw”PÎ †`Lvi Kv‡R jvMv‡bv n‡”Q e‡j KL‡bv KL‡bv wWwRUvj
wfwWI wW¯‹I ejv nq| wWwfwW-†Z Z_¨ aviYÿgZv wmwW-Gi †P‡q cÖvq cuwPk¸Y
†ewk| wWwfwW-Gi aviYÿgZv 4 †_‡K 17 wMMvevBU ch©šÍ| kã, Qwe Ges
KgwcDUv‡i Z_¨ m‡qi †ÿ‡Î wWwfwW n‡jv GK ˆecøweK AMÖMwZ| wmwW Ges wWwfwW
wW¯‹ `yB-B mgvb| 1.2 wgwjwgUvi cyiæ n‡jI wmwW-‡Z Z_¨ avi‡Yi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q GKwU
gvÎ wfw˯Íi, A_P wWwfwW‡Z i‡q‡Q 0.6 wgwjwgUvi cyiæ `yÕwU wfw˯Íi| wWwfwW †_‡K
Z_¨ covi Rb¨ KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ wWwfwW WªvBf _vK‡Z n‡e|
BDGmwe d¬vm wW¯‹/†cb wW¯‹
wmwW, wWwfwW, wRc wW‡¯‹i Z_¨ aviYÿgZv †ewk n‡jI G¸‡jv‡Z Z_¨ msiÿY Kiv
Ges covi Rb¨ WªvB‡fi cÖ‡qvRb nq| eZ©gv‡b KgwcDUv‡ii gv`vi‡ev‡W©i BDGmwe
(BDwbfv‡m©j wmwiqvj evm) †cv‡U© jvwM‡q mn‡R Z_¨ †jLv I covi bZzb GK mnvqK
¯§„wZ gva¨g †ei n‡q‡Q| AZ¨šÍ nvjKv I mn‡R enb‡hvM¨ Kj‡gi K¨v‡ci g‡Zv
†`L‡Z G gva¨gwU‡K †cb wW¯‹ ejv nq| BDGmwe B›Uvi‡dm 1.1 e¨envi K‡i GB
†cb wW¯‹¸‡jv †cv‡U© Ry‡o w`‡q Lye `ªyZB Gi gva¨‡g WvUv Kwc ev wiW Kiv hv‡e| 32
†gMvevBU †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i †cbwW¯‹¸‡jvi m‡e©v”P K¨vcvwmwU K‡qK wMMvevBU ch©šÍ|
dzj w¯ú‡W GB wW¯‹¸‡jv 12 †gMvweUm cvi †m‡K‡Û WvUv UªvÝdvi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

26. 26
BDGmwe †cvU© †_‡KB cvIqvi MÖnY K‡i e‡j Gi Avjv`v †Kv‡bv cvIqvi mvcøvB‡qiI
cª‡qvRb nq bv| G‡Z Av‡iv Av‡Q
ivBU/wWwjU †cÖv‡UKkb myBP, kK
†iwRmU¨vÝ BZ¨vw` myweav| Wy‡iej
†÷v‡iR wn‡m‡eI GwU cÖvq 10 eQi
ch©šÍ WvUv a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i| nU
cøvM GÛ †cø myweavi Kvi‡Y BÝU‡j
†Kvb Sw° Sv‡gjv †bB| DB‡ÛvR
98, GgB, G·wc, DB‡ÛvR 2000
Ges g¨vK 8.6 ev Z`~aŸ©, wjbv·
2.4.0 ev Z`~aŸ© †h‡Kvb Acv‡iwUs
wm‡÷gB GwU‡K mv‡cvU© K‡i d‡j †h‡Kvb cøvU©d‡g©B GwU e¨envi Kiv hv‡e hw`
BDGmwe †cvU© _v‡K|
AvDUcyU wWfvBm
KgwcDUv‡i †Kvb wb‡`©k ev DcvË Bbcy‡Ui gva¨‡g MÖnY K‡i K‡›Uªvj BDwb‡Ui wb‡`©‡k
¯§„wZfvÛv‡i iwÿZ †cÖvMÖv‡gi wfwˇZ †m›Uªvj cÖ‡mwms BDwb‡Ui mvgwMÖK Kvh©µg
m¤ú‡bœi ci mgvavbwU †h gva¨‡gi gva¨‡g e¨enviKvix‡K w`‡q _v‡K Zv‡K AvDUcyU
wWfvBm ejv nq| wb‡æ AvDUcyU wWfvBm wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ggb KZ¸‡jv
gva¨‡gi eY©bv †`qv nj t
gwbUi
KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ †Uwjwfk‡bi c`©vi b¨vq Ask i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b KgwcDUv‡i
e¨eüZ hveZxq Z_¨vejx, †jLv, Qwe BZ¨vw` cÖ`wk©Z nq| Dnv‡K wWm‡cø BDwbU ev
ms‡ÿ‡c gwbUi ejv nq| gvB‡µvKgwcDUvi ev wcwm‡Z mvaviYZt 14 Bw gv‡ci
gwbUi e¨eüZ nq| Gi †P‡q †QvU ev eo AvKv‡ii gwbUiI cvIqv hvq| †Uwjwfk‡bi
b¨vq gwbUiI mv`v Kv‡jv ev iwOb n‡Z cv‡i| c~‡e©i XT †gwk‡b e¨eüZ g‡bv‡µvg
gwbU‡i MÖvwdKm (wPÎ) cÖ`wk©Z n‡Zv bv| eZ©gvb Kv‡j e¨eüZ VGA, SVGA
gwbUi¸‡jv‡Z wbLyuZ wPÎ cÖ`wk©Z nq| wUwf KvW© e¨envi K‡i gwbU‡i wUwfi b¨vq
†Uwjwfkb †ókb †_‡K m¤úÖPvwiZ Abyôvb †`Lv hvq|
eZ©gvb mg‡q †h ai‡bi gwbUi¸‡jv evRv‡i cvIqv hvq †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q t
1. K¨v‡_vW †i wUDe ev wmAviwU gwbUi (Cathode Ray Tube or CRT
Monitor)
2. wjKz¨BW wµ÷vj wWm‡cø ev GjwmwW gwbUi (Liquid Crystal Display or
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

27. 27
LCD Monitor)
3. cøvRgv gwbUi (Plasma Monitor)
4. UvPw¯Œb gwbUi (Touchscreen Monitor)
5. AM©vwbK jvBU GwgwUs wWm‡cø ev IGjBwW gwbUi (Organic Light Emitting
Display or OLED Monitor)
GK mg‡q CRT gwbUi¸‡jv e¨vcKfv‡e e¨eüZ n‡jI eZ©gv‡b LCD gwbUi¸‡jv †ek
RbwcÖq n‡q D‡V‡Q| G¸‡jvi e¨enviI †e‡o‡Q|
gwbUi †i‡Rvjy¨kb
gwbU‡ii w¯Œ‡b AvDUcyU ev †Kv‡bv wPÎ cÖ`k©‡bi †ÿ‡Î AwZ ÿz`ª ÿz`ª we›`y e¨eüZ nq
hv‡`i wc‡·j e‡j| Avi cÖwZwU wc‡·j ci¯úi †_‡K KZUzKz `~‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡e Zvi
`~iZ¡‡K ejv n‡q _v‡K Dot pitch| GwU hZ Kg n‡e gwbU‡ii †i‡Rvjy¨kb ZZ †ewk
n‡e|
wcÖ›Uvi
†h h‡š¿i gva¨‡g KgwcDUv‡i cÖvß djvdj KvM‡R Qvucv‡bv hvq Zv‡K wcÖ›Uvi ejv nq|
Bnv eûj e¨eüZ AvDUcyU wWfvBm| KgwcDUv‡i †Kvb WKz‡g›U ˆZwi K‡i wcÖ›U
nIqvi wb‡`©k w`‡jB wcÖ›U n‡e bv| cÖ‡Z¨K wcÖ›Uv‡ii wbR¯^ wcÖ›U WªvBfvi (†cÖvMÖvg)
Av‡Q| KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ wcÖ›Uv‡ii WªvBfviwU Bb÷j K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
Avgv‡`i †`‡k eûj e¨eüZ wcÖ›Uvi ¸‡jv n‡”Q t
1) WU& g¨vwUª· wcÖ›Uvi (Dot Matrix Printer)
2) jvBb wcÖ›Uvi (Line Printer)
3) †jRvi wcÖ›Uvi (Laser Printer)
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

28. 28
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

29. 29
1) WU& †gwUª· wcÖ›Uvi
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e `v‡g m¯Ív G mg¯Í wcÖ›Uv‡i Kvwji wie‡bi Dci †nWv‡ii wcb †P‡c
KvM‡R Qvcv nq| G mg¯Í wcÖ›Uv‡ii wcÖ›U gvb (Print Quality) wbf©i K‡i †nWv‡ii
wc‡bi Dci| wcb †ewk _vK‡j wcÖ›U †ewk fvj nq| WU&‡gwUª‡·i wcÖ›Uvi †nW 9, 24,
48 Ges 36 wcb m¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K| c~‡e© 9 wcbhy³ wcÖ›Uvi †ewk e¨eüZ n‡Zv|
eZ©gv‡b 24 wcb hy³ wcÖ›Uvi Avgv‡`i †`‡k †ewk e¨eüZ nq| NEC, Epson
†Kv¤úvbxi ˆZwi WU&‡gwUª· wcÖ›Uvi †ewk RbwcÖq|
2) BsK‡RU wcÖ›Uvi
†QvU AvK…wZi G mg¯Í wcÖ›Uv‡ii wcÖ›U †KvqvwjwU DbœZ| G‡Z WU&‡gwUª‡·i gZ
weiw³Ki kã nq bv| G mg¯Í wcÖ›Uv‡ii `vg Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e m¯Ív n‡jI Gi KvwU©‡Ri
(Kvwj) `vg †ewk nIqv‡Z G ai‡bi wcÖ›Uv‡ii RbwcÖqZv Kg|
3) †jRvi wcÖ›Uvi
RbwcÖq G mg¯Í wcÖ›Uv‡ii wcÖ›U †KvqvwjwU LyeB DbœZ| KgwcDUv‡i K‡¤úvR K‡i
GRvZxq wcÖ›Uv‡i †Uªwms †ccv‡i †jRvi wcÖ›U K‡i D”P Av‡jv‡Z †cøU K‡i K‡i Ad‡mU
†cÖ‡m jÿ jÿ Kwc Qvwc‡q eB g~`ªY Kiv nq| Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖKvkbv Kv‡R
e¨vcKfv‡e G ai‡bi wcÖ›Uvi e¨eüZ nq| †jRvi wcÖ›Uv‡i e¨eüZ KvwU©R (Kvwj)
†Uvbvi ejv nq| G¸‡jvi `vg Lye †ewk e‡j †jRvi wcÖ›Uvi Lye e¨vqeûj| mv`v Kv‡jv
QvovI A‡bK †jRvi wcÖ›Uvi iwOb †jLv ev Qwe Qvcv‡Z cv‡i| wcÖ‡›U Qvcvi Kvwji NbZ¡
(DPI) Ges wgwb‡U KZ c„ôv Qvcv‡Z cv‡i Zvi Dci wbf©i K‡i †jRvi wcÖ›Uv‡ii g~j¨
wbYx©Z nq| AvBweGg Kg‡cwUej KgwcDUv‡ii Rb¨ Hewlett Packard (HP) bvgK
†Kv¤úvwbi wewfbœ g‡W‡ji †jRvi wcÖ›Uvi AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖq|
4) cøUvi
mvaviYZt WU&‡gwUª· wcÖ›Uvi Ges †jRvi wcÖ›Uv‡i 14 BwÂi †P‡q †ewk PIov KvM‡R
wcÖ›U Kiv hvq bv| wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii AvwK©‡UKPvivj wcÖ›U, b·v Ges gvbwPÎ A‡bK †ewk
PIov KvM‡R wcÖ›U Ki‡Z nq| cøUvi bvgK GK ai‡bi wcÖ›Uv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ G ai‡bi
Kv‡Ri wcÖ›U Kiv nq| cøUv‡i wcÖ›U Kiv nq †cb (Pen) Gi mvnv‡h¨| G‡Z AwZ wPKb
†_‡K †gvUv wewfbœ ai‡bi †cb (Pen) e¨envi K‡i wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii b·v Ges gvbwP‡Îi
m~ÿvwZm~² †iLvi my¯úó wPÎ wcÖ›U Kiv hvq|
Dc‡iv³ eûj e¨eüZ RbwcÖq AvDUcyU wWfvBm¸‡jv QvovI Av‡iv †h me AvDUcyU
wWfvBm mPivPi e¨eüZ nq Ggb KZ¸‡jv nj t nvW©wW¯‹ I d¬wc wW¯‹, wdj¥ †iKW©vi,
g¨vM‡bwUK †Uc Ges w¯úKvi BZ¨vw`|
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

30. 30
KgwcDUv‡ii fvlv
gvby‡li gZ KgwcDUv‡iiI fvlv Av‡Q| Z‡e †m fvlv m¤ú~Y© wfbœ ai‡bi| KgwcDUvi
GKwU AZ¨vaywbK B‡jKUªwbK hš¿| B‡jKUªwbK ms‡K‡Zi Dci wfwË K‡i ˆZwi Kiv
n‡q‡Q KgwcDUv‡ii fvlv| evBbvix c×wZi 1 Ges 0 Øviv cÖKvk Kiv hvq| Giƒc
evBbvix †h †Kvb msL¨v‡K B‡j±ªwbK Ab/Ad K‡i cÖKvwkZ fvlvB nj B‡jKUªwbK
j¨vs¸‡qR ev KgwcDUv‡ii fvlv| evBbvix nj Ggb msL¨v c×wZ hv‡Z †h †Kvb
msL¨v‡K 0 Ges 1 Øviv cÖKvk Kiv hvq| †hgb t 29 †K 11101 Øviv 203 †K
11001011 Øviv cÖKvk Kiv hvq| Gfv‡e †h †Kvb msL¨v‡K 1 Ges 0 Øviv cÖKvk Kiv
hvq| KgwcDUvi †Kej B‡jKUªwbK ms‡KZ A_©vr mvwK©‡U we`y¨r Av‡Q wK †bB Zv
†ev‡S| A_©vr KgwcDUvi ïay `ywU Ae¯’v †ev‡S| evBbvix 1 Øviv we`y¨r Av‡Q (On)
Ges 0 `¦viv we`y¨r †bB (Off) Gi Dci wfwË K‡iB KgwcDUv‡ii fvlv ˆZwi Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G‡Zv †Mj msL¨vi K_v| Gfv‡e †h ‡Kvb kã ev wPý KgwcDUvi‡K †evSvi
Dc‡hvMx K‡i A_©vr 0 Ges 1 G iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i †`qvi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡q‡Q KgwcDUvi
j¨vs¸‡q‡R|
KgwcDUv‡ii fvlv‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv nq
1| †gwk‡bi fvlv (Machine Language)
2| A¨v‡m¤^jx fvlv (Assembly Language)
3| D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv (High Level Language)
1| †gwk‡bi fvlv
0 Ges 1 G `yÕwU evBbvix msL¨vi mywbw`©ó I myk„sLj Dc¯’vcbv‡KB †gwkb j¨vs¸‡qR
ejv nq| G fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg wjL‡Z n‡j KgwcDUvi nvW©Iq¨v‡ii Dci fvj Ávb _vKv
Avek¨K| G fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg †jLvi Rb¨ KgwcDUv‡ii cÖwZwU wb‡`©k I ¯§„wZ ¯’v‡bi
cÖK…Z Ae¯’vi aviYv _vK‡Z nq| G fvlvq GK ai‡bi †gwk‡bi Rb¨ wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg
Ab¨ ai‡bi †gwk‡b e¨envi Kiv hvq bv| cÖ_g I wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i KgwcDUv‡i †gwkb
j¨vs¸‡qR e¨eüZ nZ|
2| A¨v‡m¤^jx j¨vs¸‡qR
†gwkb j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri gZ evBbvix msL¨v 0 Ges 1 mivmwi e¨envi bv K‡i eis KZ¸‡jv
we‡Ui mgwó‡K K‡qKwU Bs‡iRx e‡Y©i mvnv‡h¨ we‡kl †Kv‡W cÖKvk K‡i KgwcDUvi‡K
†evSv‡bv nq| G †KvW¸‡jv‡K A¨v‡m¤^jx †KvW ev A¨v‡m¤^jx j¨vs¸‡qR ej nq|
Gfv‡e ms‡KZ mnhv‡M MwVZ nq e‡j G‡K mvs‡KwZK fvlvI ejv nq| G ms‡KZ‡K
mvs‡KwZK ev †b‡gvwbK †KvW ejv nq| G fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg wjL‡ZI KgwcDUv‡ii
Avf¨šÍixY msMV‡bi Dci aviYv `iKvi|
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

31. 31
3| D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv
G fvlvq Avgv‡`i cwiwPZ evK¨ eY© I msL¨v e¨envi K‡i †cÖvMÖvg iPbv Kiv nq|
Gfvlvq Lye `ªæZ Ges mn‡R †cÖvMÖvg wjLv hvq| Gfvlvq †cÖvMÖvg wjL‡Z Lye `ÿZvi
cÖ‡qvRb †bB| G fvlvi me‡P‡q eo myweav nj, G fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg †h †Kvb
KgwcDUv‡i e¨envi Kiv hvq| 25 wUiI †ewk D”PZi fvlv Av‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ cÖavb
K‡qKwU nj t †ewmK (BASIC), c¨vm‡Kj (PASCAL), †dviUvb (FORTAN),
†Kvej (COBOL), Uv‡e©v wm (TURBO C) BZ¨vw`|
mdU&Iq¨vi ev †cÖvMÖvg
GZÿY Avgiv KgwcDUv‡ii fvlv m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| †Kvb mgm¨ mgvav‡bi Rb¨
KgwcDUv‡ii fvlvq †h mvwie× myk„sLj wb‡`©k †`qv nq Zv‡K mvaviY A‡_© †cÖvMÖvg ev
mdU&Iq¨vi ejv nq| †Uc‡iKW©vi, K¨v‡mU I Ab¨vb¨ mewKQy _vKv m‡Ë¡I hw`
K¨v‡m‡Ui wdZvq Mvb †iKW© Kiv bv _v‡K Zvn‡j †hgb Mvb ïbv hv‡e bv| wVK †Zgwb
KgwcDUvi bvgK hš¿wUi mewKQy _vK m‡Ë¡I mdU&Iq¨vi bv _vK‡j †Kvb KvRB n‡e
bv| ZvB mdU&Iq¨vi‡K KgwcDUv‡ii cÖvY ejv nq| KgwcDUvi w`‡q G KvR Kiv hvq
†m KvR Kiv hvq-G¸‡jv Avm‡j meB nj mdU&Iq¨vi ev †cÖvMÖv‡gi KvR| KgwcDUv‡i
`ÿ †cÖvMÖvgvi/KgwcDUvi BwÄwbqviiv KgwcDUv‡ii fvlv w`‡q †cÖvMÖvg wj‡Lb| wewfbœ
mdU&Iq¨vi cÖwZôvb wewfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi mdU&Iq¨vi ˆZwi K‡i evRviRvZ
K‡i| gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi wej †MBU‡mi Microsoft Corporation c„w_exi cÖ_g †kªYxi
mdU&Iq¨vi cÖwZôvb| mdU&Iq¨vi‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v t
1| e¨envwiK mdU&Iq¨vi (Application Software)
2| wm‡÷g mdU&Iq¨vi (System Software)
1| e¨envwiK mdU&Iq¨vi
KgwcDUvi e¨enviKvix Zvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv wb‡RB myweavgZ fvlv e¨envi K‡i †h
†cÖvMÖvg iPbv K‡ib ZvnvB n‡jv e¨envwiK mdU&Iq¨vi| Gme †cÖvMÖvg‡K e¨enviKvix
wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvgI ejv nq| A‡bK e¨vcK e¨envwiK mgm¨vi mgvavbK‡í evwYwR¨K
wfwˇZ ‡Kvb cÖwZôvb KZ…©K A‡bK †cÖvMÖvgviiv mw¤§wjZfv‡e †h †cÖvMÖvg ˆZwi K‡i
_v‡Kb Zvnv‡K mdU&Iq¨vi c¨v‡KR A_ev c¨v‡KR †cÖvMÖvg (Package Program) ejv
nq| G ai‡bi †cÖvMÖv‡g e¨envwiK mgm¨vi c~Y©v½ mgvavb †`qvi e¨e¯’v _v‡K|
K‡qKwU c¨v‡KR †cÖvMÖv‡gi D`vniY t
 gvB‡µvmdU& IqvW© (MS Word)
 gvB‡µvmdU& G‡·j (MS Excel)
 gvB‡µvmdU& d·‡cÖv (MS Foxpro)
 gvB‡µvmdU& cvewjkvi (MS Publisher)
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

32. 32
2| wm‡÷g mdU&Iq¨vi
†h mdU&Iq¨vi KgwcDUv‡ii wewfbœ hš¿cvwZ wbqš¿Y K‡i e¨envwiK †cÖvMÖvg‡K
mv_©Kfv‡e Pvjbv Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i Zv‡K wm‡÷g mdU&Iq¨vi ev c×wZ mswkøó
†cÖvMÖvg ejv nq| KgwcDUv‡ii Rb¨ GwU GKwU Acwinvh© Ask| KgwcDUvi
cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ wewfbœ †cÖvMÖvg wm‡÷g mdU&Iq¨v‡ii AšÍf©‚³| e¨envwiK
wewfbœZv Abymv‡i wewfbœ iKg wm‡÷g mdU&Iq¨vi i‡q‡Q| †hgb, KgwcDUv‡ii wewfbœ
hš¿cvwZmg~n wbqš¿Y I e¨envwiK †cÖvMÖvgmg~n cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ †h mKj wm‡÷g
mdU&Iq¨vi i‡q‡Q Zv Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g (Operating System) ms‡ÿ‡c OS bv‡g
cwiwPZ| †hgbt MS-DOS, UNIX, WINDOWS BZ¨vw` Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g
mdU&Iq¨vi|
Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg
†gwk‡bi fvlv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb fvlvq iwPZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K †gwk‡bi fvlvq Abyev` K‡i
KgwcDUv‡i Pvjbv Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ wm‡÷g mdU&Iq¨vi‡K Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg ejv
nq| wZb ai‡bi Abyev`K nj t
1| A¨v‡m¤^jvi (Assembler)
2| K¤úvBjvi (Compiler)
3| B›Uvi‡cÖUvi (Interpreter)
Avevi A‡bK¸‡jv mvnvh¨Kvix ev BDwUwjwU (Utility) †cÖvMÖvg i‡q‡Q hv wm‡÷g
mdU&Iq¨v‡ii AvIZvq c‡o| †hgb t wcwm Uzjm (P.C-Tools), bU©b KgvÛvi (NC)
BZ¨vw`|
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

33. 33
KgwcDUv‡ii cÖ‡qvM
KgwcDUvi e¨env‡ii e¨vcKZv Ges mve©RbxbZv GZUvB e„w× †c‡q‡Q †h AvR
me©‡ÿ‡ÎB KgwcDUvi e¨eüZ n‡”Q| Avgv‡`i gZ Dbœqkxj †`k¸‡jv‡Z KgwcDUv‡ii
cÖPjb Kg NU‡jI DbœZ we‡k¦ Ggb †Kvb †ÿÎ †bB †hLv‡b KgwcDUvi e¨eüZ n‡”Q
bv| KgwcDUv‡ii e¨vcK cÖPj‡bi cÖavb KviYB n‡”Q Gi Am¤¢e Kg©ZrciZv|
e¨enviKvixi †`qv wb‡`©k GwU myôzfv‡e cvjb K‡i _v‡K| GwU e¨envi K‡i bvbv iKg
my‡hvM myweav cvIqv hv‡”Q mn‡RB| KgwcDUvi Zv‡K †`qv KvR wbf©yjfv‡e K‡i|
e¨enviKvix G‡K †hfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb GwU †mfv‡eB cwiPvwjZ n‡e| GwU
kZKiv 100 fvM wbfz©j djvdj cª`vb K‡i| Gi i‡q‡Q Am¤¢e MwZ| GB AZ¨vwaK
MwZB G‡K K‡i Zz‡j‡Q AviI †ewk RbwcÖq| KgwcDUvi‡K †Kvb wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Ki‡j
Zv †m GZUvB `ªæZ K‡i w`‡Z mÿg hv gvbyl wb‡R Ki‡j cÖPzi mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb coZ|
Gi MwZ gvby‡li mgq‡K euvwP‡q w`‡q‡Q| GwU m¤ú~Y© ¯^qswµqfv‡e Kg© m¤úv`b K‡i|
wekvj wekvj KvR, M‡elYv, wn‡me-wb‡Kk me AwZ mn‡RB mviv hvq Gi Øviv|
Aweivg KvR Ki‡jI GwU K¬všÍ, weaŸ¯Í, †µvavwš^Z n‡q I‡V bv| Gi †Kvb gvbweK
¸Yvewj †bB| hš¿ e‡j G‡K hLb ZLb e¨envi Kiv hvq| KgwcDUvi e¨env‡ii
Av‡iKwU eo KviY n‡”Q GwU wekvj wekvj me Z_¨vejx mh‡Zœ `xN© w`b msiÿY K‡i
ivL‡Z cv‡i| gvby‡li †ÿ‡Î fz‡j hvevi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| wKš‘ KgwcDUvi KLbI fz‡j
hvq bv; hw` bv Gi msiwÿZ Z_¨mg~n gy‡Q †`qv bv nq| KgwcDUvi e¨envi K‡i AvR
K‡qK †m‡K‡Û we‡k¦i GK cÖvšÍ †_‡K Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ †hvMv‡hvM Kiv hvq| G‡Z †hvMv‡hvM
†ÿ‡Î ˆecøweK DbœwZ N‡U‡Q| e¯‘Z G mg¯Í Kvi‡YB KgwcDUv‡ii e¨vcK cÖPjb
N‡U‡Q|
KgwcDUv‡ii gva¨‡g ev‡RU wbqš¿‡Y
GKwU †`‡ki evwl©K Avq-e¨‡qi hveZxq welq Zvi ev‡R‡U D‡jøL Kiv _v‡K| ev‡R‡Ui
Dci wbf©i K‡iB †Kvb c‡Y¨i `vg ev‡o Avevi †Kvb c‡Y¨i `vg K‡g| ev‡RU
cÖ‡YZvM‡Yi h‡_ó `ÿZvi cwiPq w`‡Z nq GB ev‡R‡U cÖYq‡bi †ÿ‡Î| †Kbbv
†`‡ki mvwe©K A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v cÖwZdwjZ nq G‡Z| ZvB ev‡RU nIqv PvB
hy‡Mvc‡hvMx, AvaywbK I ¯^”Q | G‡ÿ‡Î KgwcDUvi cÖhyw³ we‡kl myweav cÖ`vb K‡i|
hveZxq wn‡me wb‡Kk `ªæZ mviv hv‡”Q KgwcDUv‡ii gva¨‡g †m mv‡_ fz‡ji gvÎvI
K‡g hv‡”Q | KgwcDUv‡ii gva¨‡g wewfbœ Z_¨ we‡kølY K‡i Zv Gi ¯§„wZ‡Z msiÿY
Kiv hv‡”Q | fwel¨‡Z Gme Z_¨vw` e¨envi KivI hv‡”Q | G‡Z ev‡RU cÖYq‡b MwZi
mÂvi n‡q‡Q| ïay RvZxq ev‡RUB bq, wewfbœ Awdm ev cÖwZôv‡bi ev‡R‡Ui †ÿ‡ÎI G
myweav cvIqv hvq| mwVKfv‡e cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©Pvix‡`i Kv‡Ri wn‡me, †eZ‡bi wn‡me
cvIqv hvq KgwcDUv‡i Z_¨ we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g| †m mv‡_ fwel¨r cwiKíbv †bqvI
mnRZi n‡q hv‡”Q |
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

34. 34
e¨vswKs †ÿ‡Î KgwcDUvi
KgwcDUv‡ii gva¨‡g GLb e¨vsK¸‡jv‡Z AvaywbK e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v cÖYqb Kiv m¤¢e
n‡q‡Q| e¨vsK¸‡jv‡Z RbM‡Yi wecyj cwigvY A_© Rgv ivLv nq| cÖwZw`b jvL jvL
UvKv RbMY‡K w`‡Z nq Ges MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K Ab¨ cÖwZôv‡bi n‡qI
wKQy `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z nq| Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q M¨vm wej, wUwf-‡iwWI BZ¨vw`i
jvB‡mÝ Gi UvKvI e¨vsK¸‡jvi MÖnY Kiv| e¨vsK¸‡jv †h‡nZz Avw_©K †jb‡`b K‡i
_v‡K †m‡nZz Gme A‡_©i myôz wnmve ivLvUvI Riæwi| mvgvb¨ fzj n‡j weivU
†Mvj‡hv‡Mi AvksKv i‡q‡Q| cÖPwjZ c×wZ‡Z UvKv Rgv †`qv Ges Zz‡j †bqvq cÖPzi
mg‡qi AcPq nq| GLb KgwcDUvi Pvjy nIqvq mgq †eu‡P hv‡”Q | me wn‡me-wb‡Kk
mn‡RB mviv m¤¢e n‡”Q | KgwcDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ e¨vswKs cÖwZôv‡bi KvR wbfz©jfv‡e
Ges `ªæZ MwZ‡Z m¤úbœ Kiv hvq| KgwcDUv‡i GKwU e¨vs‡Ki †jb‡`‡bi m‡½ RwoZ
cÖwZwU gvby‡li bvg-wVKvbv, mvs‡KwZK b¤^i, mwÂZ A‡_©i cwigvY BZ¨vw` me wKQy
Z_¨ ivLv hvq| d‡j UvKv †Zvjv I Rgv †`qvi mgq KgwcDUvi Kx-‡ev‡W©i `yÕPviwU
†evZv‡g Pvc w`‡qB e¨w³i wnmve Lv‡Zi c~Y© wPÎ cvIqv hvq|
KgwcDUv‡ii gva¨‡g wKfv‡e me©vaywbK e¨vswKs †mev
KgwcDUvi cÖhyw³i †Quvqvq AvR mvgvb¨ Kv‡W©B wekvj A‡¼i A_© wb‡q Ny‡i †eov‡bv
hvq mviv we‡k¦i †h †Kvb RvqMvq| Ôcøvw÷K gvwbÕ bv‡g L¨vZ wewfbœ †µwWU KvW© w`‡q
hLb ZLb A_© †Zvjv m¤¢e n‡”Q | hLbB †Kvb e¨w³i A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb co‡Q wZwb
we‡k¦i †hLv‡bB _vKzb bv †Kb ivZ-w`b PweŸk NÈvi †h †Kvb mg‡qB KgwcDUvi
wbqwš¿Z e¨e¯’vq UvKv †Zvjvi we‡kl h‡š¿ (ATM- Autometic Teller
Machine) KvW© †dv‡bi gZ GKwU wn‡m‡ei KvW© XzwK‡q w`‡j KgwcDUvi Rvb‡Z
PvB‡e KZ UvKv †Zvjvi cÖ‡qvRb| ZLb H h‡š¿i msL¨v MYbvi †evZvg¸‡jvq Pvc
w`‡q UvKvi cwigvY Rvwb‡q w`‡j m‡½ m‡½ h‡š¿i †fZi †_‡K UvKv †ewi‡q Avm‡e|
†kqvi evRvi wbqš¿‡Y KgwcDUvi
AvRKvj AwaKvsk †`‡ki †kqvi evRvi¸‡jv KgwcDUvi wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q| G‡Z Kv‡R
`ªæZZv I MwZkxjZv G‡m‡Q| †kqvi evRvi¸‡jv‡Z IqvBW Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (Iqvb)
Ges †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© (j¨vb) wm‡÷g cÖeZ©‡bi d‡j we‡k¦i †h †Kvb ¯’v‡bi
wewb‡qvMKvixiv †kqvi evRv‡i wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb| Ab-jvB‡bi gva¨‡g †kqv‡ii
mvwe©K Ae¯’v, g~j¨m~P‡Ki DÌvb-cZb BZ¨vw` me wKQy †`‡L-ey‡S-ï‡b wewb‡qvM Kivi
my‡hvM cvb GKRb e¨emvqx| †kqv‡ii `vg, Kwgkb KgwcDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wn‡me Kiv
hvq| KgwcDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †kqvi msµvšÍ wewfbœ Z_¨ we‡kølY K‡i †Kvb e¨w³ †Kvb
†kqvi †Kbv ev wewµ Kiv jvfRbK Zv wVK Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

35. 35
e¨emvwqK †hvMv‡hvM iÿvq KgwcDUvi
e¨emvi †ÿÎwU AvR ïay †`k Ry‡oB we¯Í…Z bq eis Zv AvR wek¦Ry‡o Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q|
ZvB e¨emvi `ªæZ I Awew”Qbœ †hvMv‡hvM †bUIqvK© Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o‡Q| †`kxq Ges
AvšÍR©vwZK e¨emvwqK cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi m‡½ wbqwgZ †hvMv‡hvM ivLv Riæwi| †Kvb
e¨emvwqK cÖwZôv‡bi hw` †`‡ki †fZi Ges evB‡i wewfbœ kn‡i AvÂwjK ev kvLv
Awdm _v‡K Zvn‡j cÖavb Kvh©vj‡q H me AvÂwjK ev kvLv Awdm¸‡jv cÖwZ w`‡bi,
GgbwK cÖwZ gyn~‡Z©i wn‡mecÎ Ges KvR-K‡g©i wjwLZ weeiY KgwcDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨
wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i ev Rvb‡Z cv‡i| G Rb¨ cÖavb Kvh©vjq Ges Ab¨vb¨ AvÂwjK ev
kvLv Kvh©vj‡q ¯’vwcZ KgwcDUv‡ii g‡a¨ AvšÍtms‡hvM ev †bUIqvK© _vK‡Z nq|
Gfv‡e eo GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK, cwiPvjK ch©v‡qi e¨w³eM© Zuv‡`i K‡ÿ
e‡mB e¨emv‡qi Avq-e¨q, KvR K‡g©i weeiY BZ¨vw` KgwcDUv‡ii c`©vqB †`L‡Z
cv‡ib| B‡jKUªwbK †gBj †cÖiY, KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ d¨v· †gwk‡bi ms‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g
AvšÍR©vwZK e¨emvwqK †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢e n‡”Q |
wWcvU©‡g›Uvj †÷v‡i †Kbv‡ePvq KgwcDUvi
wewfbœ †`‡k wWcvU©‡g›Uvj †÷vi¸‡jv‡Z †Kbv‡ePvI GLb KgwcDUvi K‡i _v‡K|
evi‡Kv‡Wi mvnv‡h¨ GwU Kiv nq| evi‡KvW n‡jv wewfbœ †ev‡ai j¤^vj¤^v Kv‡jv `vM|
G‡K BDwbfvm©vj †cÖvWv± †KvWI (Universal Product Code-UPC) e‡j| †`vKvb
†_‡K weµxZ wRwb‡mi c¨v‡K‡Ui Dci gvby‡li myweavi Rb¨ evi‡Kv‡Wi wb‡P Zv †h
msL¨v eySvq ZvI †jLv _v‡K| Gici GKwU KgwcDUvi evi‡KvW wiWv‡ii mvnv‡h¨
evi‡KvWwU c‡o A_©vr Zv †Kvb †Kvb msL¨v eySvq †R‡b †bq| KgwcDUv‡ii ¯§„wZ‡Z
cÖwZwU wRwb‡mi evi‡KvW b¤^i I `vg †jLv _v‡K| G †_‡K KgwcDUvi wewµZ
wRwb‡mi bvg I `vg wj‡L wej ˆZwi K‡i Ges †m mv‡_ wewµZ wRwb‡mi ÷K cÖ‡qvRb
Abyhvqx ms‡kvab K‡i|
B-Kgvm© t
AvRKvj e¨emvq-evwY‡R¨i Ab¨Zg nvwZqvi wnmv‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q KgwcDUvi|
KgwcDUvi †bUIqvK© B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g AvRKvj N‡i e‡mB e¨emvq-evwY‡R¨i
mKj KvRKg© Kiv hvq| c„w_exi GK cÖvšÍ †_‡K Aci cÖv‡šÍi †h‡Kvb kwcs †m›Uv‡i
µq-weµq Kiv hvq| N‡i e‡mB µq Kiv wRwb‡mi `vg cwi‡kva Kiv hvq| G
e¨e¯’v‡K e‡j B-Kgvm©| †Kej KgwcDUvi Ges B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Kivi d‡jB GZ
wKQy m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

36. 36
wPÎ t eB †Kbvi Rb¨ GKwU I‡qe mvBU
†hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vq KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi
†hvMv‡hvM †ÿ‡Î KgwcDUv‡ii AbycÖ‡e‡ki d‡j †hvMv‡hvM ev hvZvqv‡Zi MwZ e„w×
†c‡q‡Q| G‡Z RwUjZvi Aemvb N‡U‡Q| B‡jKUªwbK c×wZ‡Z AvR we‡k¦i †h †Kvb
¯’v‡b †hvMv‡hvM Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q | ZvQvov AvKvk, moK, †ijc‡_ †hfv‡e w`b w`b
evn‡bi msL¨v e„w× cv‡”Q Zv‡Z †hme RwUjZv †`Lv w`‡”Q Zv mn‡RB mgvavb Ki‡Z
KgwcDUvi Kvh©Kix Ae`vb ivL‡Q| AvR †hvM‡hvM e¨e¯’v mnR n‡q c‡o‡Q GB
AZ¨vaywbK cÖhyw³i e‡`Šj‡Z|
wegvb hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’vq KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi
wegv‡bi wUwKU eywKs, †d«BU I UªvwdK e¨e¯’vi myôz wbqš¿‡Y e¨eüZ n‡”Q KgwcDUvi|
wegvb Pvjv‡ZI KgwcDUvi PvjK‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i| wegvb Pvjbvi mgq D”PZv,
evZv‡mi †eM, w`K, Pvc, DòZv BZ¨vw` bvbvwea w`‡Ki cÖwZ jÿ¨ †i‡L `ªæZ wewfbœ
e¨cv‡i wm×všÍ wb‡Z nq; we‡kl K‡i hLb wegv‡bi MwZ‡eM †ewk _v‡K| gvby‡li c‡ÿ
GZ `ªæZ wm×všÍ †bqv Am¤¢e| wKš‘ KgwcDUvi G me Z_¨ we‡kølY K‡i KLb wK Kiv
DwPZ mv‡_ mv‡_ e‡j w`‡Z cv‡i| ZLb PvjK Dchy³ e¨e¯’v wb‡Z cv‡ib| KLbI
KLbI AZ¨šÍ `ªæZ e¨e¯’v †bIqvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j KgwcDUvi wb‡RB †m e¨e¯’v †bq|
wegv‡bi PjvPj c_ wbqš¿Y, DÇqb-AeZiY, R¡vjvbx wbqš¿Y BZ¨vw` me Kv‡RB
KgwcDUvi e¨eüZ n‡”Q | G Qvov cvBjU‡`i cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨I KgwcDUvi
mvBgy‡jkb c×wZ e¨eüZ nq|
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

37. 37
Drcv`b wbqš¿‡Yi †ÿ‡Î KgwcDUv‡ii f‚wgKv
wewfbœ Kj-KviLvbvq Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i wbqš¿‡Y eZ©gv‡b KgwcDUvi we‡kl Ae`vb
ivL‡Q| c‡Y¨i cÖwZw`‡bi µq-weµq, Pvwn`v BZ¨vw` AvR mn‡RB KgwcDUv‡ii
gva¨‡g wn‡me-wb‡Kk Kiv hv‡”Q | G‡Z msM„nxZ wewfbœ Z_¨vw` we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g
evRv‡ii eZ©gvb Ae¯’v, fwel¨r evRvi Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hvq| mvwe©K evRvi
cwiw¯’wZ we‡kølY K‡i †Kv¤úvwb Zvi c‡Y¨i Drcv`b evov‡”Q ev Kgv‡”Q | G
cwiw¯’wZ we‡køl‡Y KgwcDUvi `ªæZ djvdj w`‡”Q, Kv‡R m„wó Ki‡Q MwZkxjZv,
evRv‡i c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v e„w× ev Kgvi KviYI we‡kølY Kiv hv‡”Q Gi d‡j|
†ij hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’vq KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi
†ij hvZvqv‡ZI KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi ïiæ n‡q‡Q| UvBg †Uwej ˆZwi, Avmb msiÿY,
†Kvb †Uªb †Kvb jvB‡b hv‡e Zv wbY©q, `yN©Ubv cÖwZ‡iva BZ¨vw`‡Z KgwcDUvi e¨envi
Kiv n‡”Q | †Kvb †÷kb †_‡K †Kvb †UªbwU KLb †Q‡o hv‡e, KLb †cuŠQ‡e Zvi
mgqm~Px KgwcDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wba©viY Kiv nq| G‡Z mgqi AcPq nq bv Ges
†ijc‡_ hvZvqvZKvix hvÎx‡`i myweav nq| evsjv‡`k ‡ijI‡q‡Z †i‡ji fvov msMÖn,
wUwKU cÖ`vb I MÖnY, wUwKU eywKs BZ¨vw` Kv‡R KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi ïiæ n‡q‡Q|
G‡Z A‡bK myweav n‡q‡Q| †hgbt GKwU Mvox XvKv †_‡K PUªMÖvg hv‡e| c‡_ Kzwgjøvq
_vg‡e| XvKv †_‡K wKQy hvÎx Kzwgjøvq bvg‡e Ges wKQy hvÎx Kzwgjøv †_‡K DV‡e| XvKv
†_‡K KZRb hvÎx Kzwgjøvi wU‡KU KvUj Zv Kzwgjøvi wU‡KU KvD›Uv‡ii †jvK
KgwcDUvi †`‡L eyS‡Z cvi‡e Ges †m Abyhvqx †m Kzwgjøv †_‡K H wQU bv¤^v‡ii
PÆMªv‡gi wU‡KU w`‡e| Gfv‡e †i‡ji me †÷k‡bi KgwcDUvi¸‡jv †bUIqvK© Kiv
_vKvi Kvi‡Y wQ‡Ui mwVK e¨envi m¤¢e nq|
†bŠ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vq KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi
mvaviYZ AwaK gvjvgvj cwien‡b †bŠ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v AwaK Dc‡hvMx| gvj †Zvjv,
Lvjvm Kiv, K‡e hvÎv n‡e, K‡e †cuŠQ‡e BZ¨vw` me Z_¨vw`B AvRKvj KgwcDUv‡i
cÖwµqvKiY Kiv n‡”Q | gvjvgvj cwien‡b KgwcDUv‡ii gva¨‡g AMÖxg eywKsI Kiv
m¤¢e| ZvQvov †bŠhv‡bi Ae¯’vb, MwZ wbqš¿Y, cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡M cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY
BZ¨vw`i mnvqK wn‡m‡e KgwcDUvi e¨eüZ n‡”Q | R¡vjvwb I gvjvgv‡ji IRb
wb‡`©kbv I wbqš¿‡Y KgwcDUvi e¨eüZ nq|
ˆeÁvwbK M‡elYvi †ÿ‡Î KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi
M‡elYvi mKj kvLvi †P‡q ˆeÁvwbK M‡elYvi K_v wPšÍvI Kiv hvq bv| c`v_©,
imvqb, MwYZ, cwimsL¨vb, cÖvwYweÁvb, Dw™¢`weÁvb me M‡elYv‡ZB KgwcDUvi
e¨envi Kiv nq| we‡køl‡Yi KvR `ªæZ I wbf©yjfv‡e Kivi Rb¨ KgwcDUviB GKgvÎ
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

38. 38
Aej¤^b| †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î Z‡_¨i cwigvY †ewk n‡Z cv‡i| gvby‡li c‡ÿ GZ wekvj
Z_¨ we‡kølY Kiv m¤¢e bq| KvR Ki‡Z Ki‡Z cwikªvšÍ n‡q co‡j G‡ÿ‡Î fzj nevi
m¤¢vebv †e‡o hvq| wKš‘ KgwcDUvi AbeiZ KvR Ki‡jI K¬všÍ nq bv eis wbf©yjfv‡e
KvR K‡i †`q| G Rb¨ M‡elYvi †ÿ‡Î KgwcDUvi Acwinvh© hš¿| weÁv‡bi KwVb,
RwUj I `xN© m~Î Ges Z‡_¨i m~²vwZm~² we‡kølY I wnmve-wbKvk KgwcDUv‡ii
mvnv‡h¨ wbfz©jfv‡e m¤úv`b Kiv hvq| GQvov M‡elYvi Rb¨ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi
myweav‡_© wek¦we`¨vjq, ¸iæZ¡c~Y© MÖš’vMvi I M‡elYv cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ KgwcDUv‡ii
mvnv‡h¨ AvšÍt‡hvMv‡hvM ev B›Uvi‡bU e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
KgwcDUv‡ii gva¨‡g wkÿv`vb
KgwcDUv‡ii gva¨‡g wkÿv welq‡K wkÿv_x©‡`i Kv‡Q AvKl©Yxqfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv
hvq| GgbwK cvV¨ welq‡K QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i g‡b †Mu‡_ †`qvi Rb¨ KgwcDUvi me‡P‡q
Kvh©Ki gva¨g| KgwcDUv‡i wkÿv`v‡bi d‡j wkÿv_x©iv Zv‡`i Bw›`ªq‡K †ewk K‡i
Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z `ªæZ Zviv welqwU wk‡L †dj‡Z cv‡i| KgwcDUv‡i Qwe
Gu‡K, mPj Qwe cÖ`k©b K‡i, covi Kvwnbx wb‡q ˆZwi Pjw”PÎ BZ¨vw` wkÿv_x©‡`i g‡b
†ewk †iLvcvZ K‡i Ges Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ K_vI Zv‡`i mn‡RB g‡b _v‡K| G
me¸‡jv my‡hvM K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i KgwcDUvi| †QvU K¬v‡mi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ Mí, BwZnvm
BZ¨vw` KvUz©b wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb K‡i Ges eo K¬v‡mi QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i †ÿ‡Î weÁvb,
BwZnvm, f‚‡Mvj cÖf…wZ welq¸‡jv iwOb wPÎvejxi gva¨‡g †`wL‡q cvV`vb Kiv hvq|
weÁv‡bi bvbv welq †hgb- †mŠiRMr, MÖn-bÿÎ, Dw™¢` I cÖvwYRMZ, BwZnvm, f‚‡Mvj,
imvqb, c`v_©we`¨v, wewfbœ cixÿv-wbixÿv KgwcDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ mPj wP‡Îi gva¨‡g
cÖ`k©b K‡i mn‡RB wkÿv †`qv m¤¢e| covkbvi wewfbœ welq m¤ú‡K©, M‡elYv
m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vewj msMÖ‡n we‡k¦i eo eo jvB‡eªix‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv hvq
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g| G Qvov B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g GK †`‡k e‡m Ab¨ †`‡ki K‡jR ev
eo eo wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b N‡i e‡mB cov‡kvbv Kiv hvq| †hgb, A·‡dvW© B›Uvi‡b‡U
wkÿvc×wZ Pvjy K‡i‡Q| cÖPwjZ wkÿv`vb c×wZi †P‡q KgwcDUv‡i wkÿv`vb AwaK
Kvh©Kix e‡j B‡Zvg‡a¨B cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|
cixÿvi djvdj cÖwµqvKi‡Y KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi
cixÿv_x©‡`i cÖvß djvdj hvPvB-evQvB K‡i KgwcDUvi P‚ovšÍ djvdj cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
we‡kl mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i| eZ©gv‡b djvdj KgwcDUv‡ii gva¨‡gB cÖwµqvKiY Kiv
n‡”Q | mviv †`‡ki AmsL¨ cixÿv_x©i cÖvß b¤^i wkÿv †evW©¸‡jvi KgwcDUvi †m›Uv‡i
Avmvi ci Gme b¤^i †hvM †`qv, m‡e©v”P b¤^i Abyhvqx G¸‡jv‡K mvRv‡bv, Avjv`v
Avjv`vfv‡e, cÖwZwU wel‡q cÖvß b¤^i Q‡K †`qv, cÖ_g wefvM, wØZxq wefvM, Z…Zxq
wefvM, ÷¨vÛ wba©viY, †jUvi wba©viY, †dj wba©viY, kZKiv cv‡mi nvi, AK…ZKv‡h©i
kZKiv nvi, KZRb cixÿv_x© cixÿv w`j, ¯’wMZ djvdj, ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri bvg BZ¨vw`
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

39. 39
me KvR KgwcDUv‡i Z_¨ we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖwµqvKiY Kiv nq| GgbwK wkÿv †evW©
KZ…©K cÖ`vbK…Z b¤^icÎ I mb`cÎ Gi meB GLb KgwcDUv‡iB Kiv n‡”Q |
cÖKvkbv wk‡í KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi
cÖKvkbv wk‡í KgwcDUvi cÖhyw³ GK Afvebxq mvdj¨ G‡b‡Q| Gi d‡j ˆecøweK
cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| Av‡M †hLv‡b mxmvi Aÿi e¨envi K‡i hveZxq Qvcvi KvR
Kiv n‡Zv †mLv‡b KgwcDUvi wbf©i cÖKvkbv AvR k³ Avmb †Mu‡o e‡m‡Q| AvR
Avgiv hZ eB-cy¯ÍK, g¨vMvwRb, cÎ-cwÎKv, wfwRwUs KvW©, wMd&U KvW© BZ¨vw` hv wKQy
DbœZ Qvcvi Aÿi †`LwQ Zv meB m¤¢e n‡q‡Q KgwcDUv‡ii e¨env‡i| †jLvi
gvSLv‡b †Kvb kã eo, Avevi †Kvb kã †QvU Kivi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| G KvRwU Lye
mn‡RB Kx-‡ev‡W© `yÕGKwU Av½yj Pvwj‡qB Kiv hvq| A_P G KvRwU cÖPwjZ c×wZ‡Z
A‡bKUvB RwUj| G‡Z Kv‡Ri MwZ `ªæZ n‡”Q | Avevi †jLvi gvSLv‡b evbvb fzj
n‡j ev †Kvb jvBb ev` w`‡Z n‡j ZvI mn‡RB gy‡Q ev` †`qv hvq| Aÿi‡K Mvo-
nvjKv meB Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q Gi d‡j| eB-cy¯ÍK, g¨vMvwR‡b †jLvi mv‡_ mv‡_ wewfbœ
QweI Ry‡o †`qv _v‡K| KgwcDUv‡ii gva¨‡g ¯‹¨vbvi bvgK h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ Gme Qwe
mivmwi †jLvq ewm‡q †`qv hvq| G‡Z cÖPwjZ c×wZ‡Z c‡RwUf ˆZwi K‡i Qwe
Qvcv‡bvi Sv‡gjvq †h‡Z nq bv| mgq Ges A_© `yÕ†UvB euv‡P G‡Z A_P Qvcvi gvb nq
wbLuyZ|
wPwKrmv †ÿ‡Î KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi
†ivM n‡j gvbyl wPwKrm‡Ki kiYvcbœ nq| wPwKrmK †iv‡Mi aib Abyhvqx e¨e¯’vcÎ
cÖ`vb K‡ib| KLbI †iv‡Mi AvKvi RwUj n‡j bvbv ai‡bi cixÿv wbixÿvi cÖ‡qvRb
c‡o| G me cixÿv wbixÿv KgwcDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cwiPvwjZ nq| KgwcDUvi wbqwš¿Z
WvqvMbw÷K †m›Uvi¸‡jv †ivMx‡`i me©vaywbK cixÿv-wbixÿv Ges wPwKrmv myweav cÖ`vb
K‡i| KgwcDUvi ms‡hvwRZ wewfbœ hš¿cvwZ †hgb t Avëªvm‡bvMÖvg hš¿, ¯‹¨vbvi, Mvgv
K¨v‡giv cÖf…wZi mvnv‡h¨ m~²vwZm~² †ivM wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e| KgwcDUv‡i cixÿv-
wbixÿvi d‡j wbf©yj Z_¨ cvIqv hvq e‡j wPwKrmK‡`i c‡ÿ mwVK †ivM wbY©q Kiv
m¤¢e nq Ges e¨e¯’vc_¨vw`I †`qv mnRZi nq| KgwcDUvi Wv³vi‡K mwVK Ilya I
Ily‡ai gvÎv wbY©‡q mvnv‡h¨ K‡i| †ZRw¯Œq wPwKrmvq GwU AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox
www.facebook.com/tanbir.cox

40. 40
wPÎ t wPwKrmvq KgwcDUvi
gv_vi RwUj Acv‡ikbmn bvbv ai‡bi Acv‡ik‡b KgwcDUvi we‡klfv‡e mvnvh¨
K‡i| Pÿz cixÿv, i³ MÖæc wbY©q, Jlya wbe©vPb BZ¨vw` meB KgwcDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨
Kiv nq| A‡bK mgq KgwcDUvi wb‡RB †ivM wbY©q Ki‡Z cv‡i| KgwcDUv‡ii
¯§„wZ‡Z †i‡L †`qv wewfbœ †ivM jÿYmn †iv‡Mi bvg Ges wewfbœ †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv ev
Jly‡ai bvg w`‡q ivL‡Z nq| Gici †Kvb †ivMxi †ivM jÿYmg~n Ges cixÿvi
djvdj Z_¨ ev BbcyU wn‡m‡e KgwcDUv‡i w`‡j KgwcDUvi mv‡_ mv‡_ †iv‡Mi bvg I
wPwKrmvwewa ev Ily‡ai bvg e‡j w`‡Z cv‡i| wPwKrmv‡ÿ‡Î eûj e¨eüZ GKwU
md&UIq¨vi n‡”Q gvBwmb| G md&UIq¨v‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cÖ‡kœvËi c×wZ‡Z KgwcDUvi
†ivM wbY©q K‡i Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq †cÖmwµckb cÖ`vb K‡i|
cÖwZiÿv e¨e¯’vq KgwcDUv‡ii f‚wgKv
B‡jKUªwbK cÖhyw³i weKvk NUvi mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖwZiÿv e¨e¯’vqI e¨vcK cwieZ©b mvwaZ
n‡q‡Q| †mB cÖvPxbKv‡ji Xvj Z‡jvqv‡ii hy× c×wZ GLb †bB| kÎæ‡K Kvey Ki‡Z
GLb cvigvYweK A¯ e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q | Gi fqvenZv my`~icÖmvix| jvL jvL
†jv‡Ki g„Zz¨i KviY GB A¯•mg~n| Gme hy×v¯ ˆZwi Kiv LyeB RwUj| †Kej
we‡k¦i DbœZ †`k¸‡jvB G¸‡jvi AwaKvix| G mg¯Í cvigvYweK Ges AvaywbK wewfbœ
A¯vw`, wgmvBj ˆZwii †ÿ‡Î KgwcDUvi e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q | Gme gviYv¯•
Drcv`b KivI †hgwb KwVb KvR Zv msMÖ‡n ivLvUvI †Zgwb Riæwi| †Kvb Kvi‡Y
Ae‡njvi d‡j Gme gviYv¯ †h †Kvb gyn~‡Z© we‡ùvwiZ n‡Z cv‡i| Kv‡RB G‡`i
mwVK wbqš¿‡Y e¨eüZ n‡”Q KgwcDUvi| wewfbœ hy‡× kÎæ‡`‡ki jÿ¨e¯‘‡Z †ÿcYv¯•
nvgjv Pvjv‡Z AvR KgwcDUvi e¨eüZ n‡”Q | KgwcDUvi Gme †ÿcYv‡¯•i MwZc_
wba©vwiZ K‡i †`q, KLb GwU †Qvov n‡e ZvI wba©vwiZ K‡i †`q| d‡j Gme gviYv¯•
jÿ¨Py¨Z nq bv| AvaywbK †mbvevwnbxi me kw³i g~‡jB i‡q‡Q KgwcDUvi| DbœZ
we‡k¦i †`k¸‡jvi mgiv¯• wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q wewfbœ mycvi KgwcDUvi| G‡`i MwZ Ges
Kvh©ÿgZv AZ¨waK| PvjKwenxb µzR, †UvgvnK, ¯‹vW© cÖf…wZ †ÿcYv¯ wbf©yjfv‡e
kÎæi GjvKvq wb‡ÿc Ki‡Z KgwcDUv‡ii Rywo †bB| DbœZ †`k¸‡jv nvRvi nvRvi
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

41. 41
gvBj cvjøvi AvšÍt‡`kxq †ÿcYv¯ ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| G‡`i wbqš¿‡Y e¨eüZ n‡”Q
KgwcDUvi| GK K_vq AvwacZ¨ we¯Ív‡i, kw³i w`K †_‡K GKK Ae¯’v‡b hy³ivóª
Avm‡Z †c‡i‡Q GB KgwcDUv‡ii e‡`Šj‡ZB| Gi †Rv‡i hy³ivóª ivwkqv‡KI Uc‡K
G‡m‡Q| AvR ejv n‡”Q mvBevi hy‡×i K_v, †hLv‡b gvby‡l gvby‡l hy× K‡i i³cvZ
NUvi m¤¢vebv †bB mewKQyB cwiPvwjZ n‡e KgwcDUv‡i| AvRKvj wewfbœ †`‡k
KgwcDUviPvwjZ QÙ‡ekx ˆmb¨ hy× gnovq Ask wb‡”Q | mvwe©Kfv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j
GKwU AvaywbK cÖwZiÿv e¨e¯’v Mo‡Z n‡j KgwcDUvi Qvov Dcvq †bB|
wewfbœ ai‡bi wWRvBb ˆZwi‡Z KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi
wewfbœ ai‡bi hš¿cvwZ †gvUiMvwo, RvnvR, wegvb, gnvKvkhvb, gvB‡µvwPc cÖf…wZ
ˆZwii RwUj B‡jKUªwbK mvwK©U, †mZz, Nievwo, ˆZRmcÎ BZ¨vw`i wWRvBb ˆZwi‡Z
KgwcDUvi MÖvwd· e¨envi Kiv nq| G‡Z Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ GKB wRwb‡mi A‡bK¸‡jv
wWRvBb ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡`i myweav, Amyweav I Dc‡hvwMZv Zzjbv K‡i †`Lv hvq| GQvov
Qwe¸‡jv‡K B‡”Q gZ eo K‡i †Kvb m~² Ask LyuwU‡q †`LvI m¤¢e nq| cÖ‡qvR‡b
KgwcDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wWRvBbI ms‡kvab Kiv hvq| G‡Z †Kvb bZzb g‡Wj ev¯Í‡e
cixÿv K‡i †`L‡Z †h weivU A_© Ges `xN© mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zvi A‡bKUvB †eu‡P
hvq| †h ‡Kvb ai‡bi bKkvB AvR KgwcDUv‡i Kiv n‡”Q | KgwcDUvi w`‡q Kvco ev
kvwoi b·v ev †cvkv‡Ki wWRvBb Kiv hvq|
¯’vcZ¨ we`¨vq KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi
eZ©gv‡b ¯’vcZ¨ we`¨vq KgwcDUvi AZ¨vek¨Kxq gva¨g wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| ¯’vcZ¨
bKkvi cÖwZ‡ÿ‡ÎB KgwcDUv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| evwo ˆZwi Ki‡Z eZ©gv‡b ÔK¨vW
(CAD- Computer Aided Designing)Õ e¨eüZ nq| G‡Z †h ïay bvbv ai‡bi
my›`i my›`i wWRvBb cvIqv hvq ZvB bq, evwo ˆZwi n‡j Zv‡K †Kvb cvk †_‡K wK
iKg †`Lv‡e ZvI Av‡M †_‡KB †evSv hvq| ¯’vcZ¨ K‡g©i †UKmB Gi e¨vcv‡i wm×všÍ
I cwiKíbv cvIqv hvq| ïay evwo ˆZwii †ÿ‡ÎB bq eo eo †mZz, cvZvj moK,
d¬vBIfvi iv¯Ív BZ¨vw`i bKkv cÖYqb Kiv nq KgwcDUv‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki Ac~e© ¯’vcZ¨
wbg©vY ˆkjx e½eÜz †mZzI GKB c×wZ‡Z ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| GwU wbgv©Y Ki‡Z kZ kZ
KgwcDUvi e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q|
ms¯‹…wZi †ÿ‡Î KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi
AvR ms¯‹…wZI KgwcDUvi cÖhyw³ n‡Z `~‡i †bB| m½x‡Zi myi m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i
KgwcDUvi| m½xZ cwiPvjK‡`i Zv‡`i Kv‡R mnvqZv K‡i KgwcDUvi| GRb¨
B‡Zvg‡a¨ evRv‡i wewfbœ md&UIq¨vi †ewi‡q‡Q| G ai‡bi md&UIq¨vi‡K wgwW
(MIDI- Musical Instruments Digital Interface) md&UIq¨vi e‡j|
eZ©gv‡b Ggb myi m„wói md&UIq¨vi ˆZwi n‡q‡Q hv we‡k¦i eo eo Avi bvgx`vgx myi
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

42. 42
mªóv wn‡m‡e L¨vZ †e‡Uv‡fb, evL, myimgªvU †gvRvU© BZ¨vw` L¨vwZgvb m½xZ‡Ái bZzb
bZzb myi m„wó Ki‡Z mÿg| G ai‡bi GKwU †cÖvMÖv‡gi bvg n‡”Q Mozart 42nd|
weL¨vZ m½xZÁ †gvRv‡U©i wmçwb msL¨v †hLv‡b 41 †mLv‡b GB md&Iq¨vi m„wó K‡i
Zvi bZzb wmçwb| GKB NUbv N‡U‡Q †e‡Uv‡fb I evL Gi †ÿ‡Î| ïay m½xZB bq
AvR-Kvj bvgx`vgx wewfbœ wPÎwkíxi wPÎ cÖ`k©bxi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡”Q B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
gva¨‡g| G‡Z we‡k¦i mevB G me wkíKg© m¤c‡K© mn‡RB AewnZ n‡Z cvi‡Qb|
wewfbœ †`‡ki wkí-ms¯‹…wZ-K…wó wb‡q B›Uvi‡bU I‡qe mvBUI Kiv n‡”Q hv †_‡K
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨vw` cvIqv m¤¢e n‡”Q | ms¯‹…wZi wewfbœ avivq AvR AbycÖ‡ek N‡U‡Q
KgwcDUv‡ii| G‡Z ms¯‹…wZ µgkt AviI DbœZ n‡q DV‡Q|
we‡bv`‡b KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi
KgwcDUvi bvbvfv‡e gvbyl‡K we‡bv`b w`‡q _v‡K| we‡kl K‡i gvwëwgwWqv KgwcDUvi
D™¢ve‡bi d‡j we‡bv`‡bi gvÎv AviI †e‡o †M‡Q| Aem‡i Mvb †kvbv, Qwe †`Lv meB
GLb m¤¢e KgwcDUv‡i| eZ©gv‡b nwjD‡W wekvj wekvj A‡_©i ev‡R‡U †hme Qwe ˆZwi
n‡”Q Zvi meB Kiv n‡”Q KgwcDUv‡ii gva¨‡g| Aev¯Íe me `„k¨‡K Avðh© ev¯Íe iƒc
†`q KgwcDUvi| wbwg‡lB gvbyl‡K wekvj ˆ`‡Z¨i g‡Zv wKsev Mvwjfvm© Uªv‡fjm Gi
wjwjcy‡Ui g‡Zv †QvU K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i KgwcDUvi| BwU, RyivwmK cvK©, Uviwg‡bUi,
UvBUvwbK, MWwRjv, wmbev` BZ¨vw`mn AviI AmsL¨ Qwe‡Z †h Avðh© †KivgwZ
†`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q GmeB m¤¢e n‡q‡Q KgwcDUv‡ii e‡`Šj‡Z| KgwcDUv‡ii KvimvwR‡Z
`k©K gyn~‡Z©B P‡j hvb †mB †KvwU †KvwU eQi Av‡Mi RyivwmK hy‡Mi Wvqv‡bvmi‡`i
Kv‡Q| Avi KgwcDUvi MÖvwdK&‡mi fqvbK kw³i wb`k©b MWwRjv mixm„cwU hLb Zvi
iev‡ii cv w`‡q †UvwKI kn‡ii g‡Wj ¸uwo‡q †`q ZLb KgwcDUv‡ii G KvimvwR‡K
ev¯ÍeB g‡b K‡ib Rvcv‡bi `k©Kiv| wkniY RvMv GK Abyf‚wZ m„wó K‡i KgwcDUvi
MÖvwdK&‡m ˆZwi Gme Qwe; hv we‡bv`‡b µgktB cÖfve †i‡L P‡j‡Q| A‡b‡KB Aem‡i
†Lj‡Z ev Qwe AvuK‡Z fvjev‡mb| GKvRwU m¤¢e K‡i‡Q KgwcDUvi| KgwcDUv‡ii
mvnv‡h¨ DbœZ me Qwe AvuKv m¤¢e n‡”Q | G‡Z B‡”Q gZ iO ˆZwi Kiv hvq Ges Qwe‡Z
bvbv G‡d± (Effect) Ry‡o †`qv hvq| Avi †Ljvayjvi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q KgwcDUv‡i
me©vaywbK me KgwcDUvi †Mg| Gi cvkvcvwk cÖPwjZ Zvm ev `vev †LjvI ev` c‡owb|
Gme †Mg we‡k¦i wkï-wK‡kvi, hyeK-e„× mevi Aemi mgqUzKz‡K we‡bv`‡b fwi‡q
Zzj‡Q| A‡b‡KB Aem‡i eB co‡Z fvjev‡mb ev g¨vMvwRb, cÎ-cwÎKv co‡Z| G
me wKQyB AvR B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g N‡i e‡mB cvIqv hv‡”Q | Avi B›Uvi‡b‡U wek¦ågY
†Zv Aemi‡K fwi‡q †Zv‡j Abvwej Avb‡›`|
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

43. 43
AvenvIqvi †ÿ‡Î KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi
AvenvIqv m¤c‡K© fwel¨revYx Ki‡Z cv‡i KgwcDUvi| c„w_exi Pvicv‡k Ny‡i †eov‡bv
m¨v‡UjvBU¸‡jv †_‡K AvenvIqv gЇji bvbv Z_¨vw` †c‡q Zv wewfbœ we‡køl‡Yi
gva¨‡g KgwcDUvi Rvwb‡q w`‡”Q †Kv_vq ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡q‡Q, †Kv_vq n«vm
†c‡q‡Q, †Kvb A‡j e„wó n‡e, †Kvb A‡j n‡e bv, †Kv_vq AvKvk †gNhy³ ev
†gNgy³ _vK‡e BZ¨vw` me Z_¨| G‡Z mn‡RB AvenvIqv m¤c‡K© mg¨K aviYv jvf
Kiv hvq| Avevi †Kv_vI cÖjqsKvix N~wY©So, U‡b©‡Wv AvNvZ nvbvi cwiw¯’wZ m„wó
Ki‡j KgwcDUvi cÖvß Z_¨vejx‡K we‡kølY K‡i AvMvg mZK© K‡i w`‡”Q | d‡j
Dc`ªæZ AÂj †_‡K †jvKRb‡K mwi‡q †bqv m¤¢e n‡”Q | †Kv_vq K‡e f‚wgK¤ú n‡Z
cv‡i ev n‡j Zvi gvÎv †Kgb n‡e ZvI Rvwb‡q w`‡Z cv‡i KgwcDUvi| MÖxb nvDm
G‡d‡±i d‡j I‡Rvb ¯Í‡ii ÿq cixÿv K‡i KgwcDUvi weÁvbx‡`i bvbv Z_¨ w`‡”Q |
ZvQvov AvenvIqvRwbZ bvbv cwieZ©b cixÿv-wbixÿv I we‡kølY K‡i KgwcDUvi
cÖwZwbqZB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨vw` w`‡”Q| welye‡iLvi Icvk †_‡K †b‡g Dò cvwbi †mªv‡Zi
d‡j m„ó Rjevqyi cÖwZwµqv Gj-wb‡bv Ges Zvi wecixZ cÖwZwµqv jv-wbbv Df‡qB
ˆewk¦K Rjevqyi web¨v‡m †h cÖfve †i‡L P‡j‡Q ZvI KgwcDUv‡ii gva¨‡g cixÿv Kiv
n‡”Q | Gj-wb‡bvÕi cÖfv‡e we‡k¦ Liv I Abve„wó Ges jv-wbbvi cÖfv‡e AwZe„wó I eb¨v
†`Lv †`Lv †`q| hy³iv‡óªi RvZxq gnvKvk M‡elYv ms¯’v ÔbvmvÔ Zvi DcMÖn wPÎ
we‡kølY K‡i G m¤úwK©Z bvbv Z_¨vw` w`‡”Q |
f‚-gЇji M‡elYvq KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi
m¨v‡UjvBU n‡Z cÖvß f-‚gÛ‡ji g„wËKv ¯Íi M‡elYv K‡i KgwcDUvi wbw`©ó †Kvb
GjvKvi f‚-cÖK…wZi MVb wbY©q Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gi Ici e¨vcK we‡kølY Pvwj‡q wewfbœ
ai‡bi LwbR c`v_© cÖvwß mnR nq| ZvQvov cÖvß Lwb‡Ri cwigvY KZ, evwYwR¨Kfv‡e
Zv D‡Ëvjb jvfRbK wKbv, gv‡bi w`K †_‡K Gme LwbR †Kgb G mg¯Í me Z_¨B
KgwcDUvi cÖ`vb K‡i| K¨vj‡dvwb©qv Bbw÷wUDU Ae †UK‡bvjwRi f‚-c`v_©we`MY
KgwcDUv‡i GKwU g‡Wj ˆZwi K‡i‡Q †hLv‡b f‚-¯Í‡ii MVb m¤ú~Y©fv‡e web¨vm Kiv
n‡q‡Q| c„w_exi G‡Kev‡i †K‡›`ª Av‡Q Zß Zij ¯Íi, hvi bvg Ô†KviÕ| Zvi Ici
1800 gvBj Ry‡o cyiæ Aa©Zij Ôg¨v›UjÕ Avi ZviI Ic‡i Av‡Q ¯Œv÷| f‚-¯Í‡ii hZ
IjU-cvjU Zvi g~‡jB Av‡Q g¨v›U‡ji MwZ| cÖvq mv‡o wZb gvBj cyiæ ¯Œv‡÷ MZ© K‡i
g¨v›Uj ch©šÍ †cuŠQv Kvh©Z Am¤¢e| c~‡e© c‡ivÿ ch©‡eÿY Kiv n‡jI KgwcDUv‡i
m¤cÖwZ Gi g‡Wj ˆZwi K‡i welqwU AviI fv‡jvfv‡e †evSv †M‡Q|
K…wl †ÿ‡Î KgwcDUv‡ii e¨envi
DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z AvRKvj K…wlKv‡RI KgwcDUvi e¨eüZ n‡”Q | fvjRv‡Zi exR,
mvi, KxUbvkK evQvB‡Z KgwcDUvi mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K| exR †ivcY, Pviv ecb, Ilya
†`qv, dmj KvUv, gvovB Kiv †_‡K ¸`v‡g †Zvjv ch©šÍ me KvR wewfbœ h‡š¿i gva¨‡g
KgwcDUvi wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| bvbv ai‡bi K…wl Z_¨I GwU mieivn K‡i _v‡K| MÖxb
nvD‡m dmj, mewR ev dj Pv‡l Dchy³ ZvcgvÎv wbqš¿‡Y KgwcDUvi Kvh©Kix f‚wgKv
cvjb K‡i| KgwcDUv‡ii gva¨‡g bvbv ai‡bi M‡elYv Pvwj‡q cÖwZwbqZ DbœZ
cÖRvwZi PvivMvQ Drcv`b mnR n‡”Q |
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

44. 44
gvwëwgwWqv
gvwëwgwWqv k‡ãi A_© eû gva¨g| mvaviY KgwcDUv‡ii mv‡_ AwZwi³ wKQy nvW©Iq¨vi
I md&UIq¨vi hy³ K‡i KgwcDUv‡i KvR Kivi cvkvcvwk Qwe †`Lv, Mvb †kvbv I
Ab¨vb¨ KvR Kiv hvq| GKB hš¿ w`‡q Giƒc eûwea KvR Kiv hvq e‡j G‡K
gvwëwgwWqv ev eû gva¨g ejv nq| gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g gvby‡li fve cÖKv‡ki me
KqwU gva¨g †hgb t †jLv ev †U·U, MÖvwd·, AwWI ev kã, wfwWI ev Pjgvb Qwe Ges
B›UviG¨vKwUf KgwcDwUs BZ¨vw` gva¨g¸‡jv‡K cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
gvwëwgwWqvi e¨envi
eZ©gv‡b me©ÎB gvwëwgwWqvi e¨vcK e¨envi jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| wb‡P gvwëwgwWqv
e¨env‡ii K‡qKwU †ÿÎ D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv t
we‡bv`b t KgwcDUv‡i gvwëwgwWqvi e¨env‡i cÖPwjZ wUwf, wfwmwc, wfwmAvi, K¨v‡mU
†cøqvi cÖf…wZi Av‡e`b AvR dzwi‡q †h‡Z e‡m‡Q| †Kbbv G myweav¸‡jv GK‡Î GKwU
gvwëwgwWqv KgwcDUv‡i cvIqv hvq| wUwf †`Lv, Qwe †`Lv, Mvb †kvbv me we‡bv`‡bi
Av‡qvRb GK‡Î gvwëwgwWqv‡Z Kiv m¤¢e|
wkÿv‡ÿÎ t wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î gvwëwgwWqvi e¨envi wkÿvi welq‡K Av‡iv AvKl©Yxq Ges
ü`qMÖvnx K‡i †Zv‡j| GKB mv‡_ Z_¨, Qwei e¨env‡i wkÿvi welq wbLyuZfv‡e dz‡U
I‡V| G‡Z wkÿv_x© Lye mn‡RB cÖ‡qvRbxq welq m¤ú‡K© ¯úó aviYv jvf Ki‡Z mÿg
nb| Pjgvb Qwe wkÿvi welq‡K Av‡iv Mfxifv‡e dzwU‡q †Zv‡j| AvRKvj BwZnvm,
weÁvb, f‚‡Mvj, fvlv, evbvb BZ¨vw`mn Av‡iv AmsL¨ welq wb‡q evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ
wkÿvg~jK md&UIq¨vi wmwW-i‡g cvIqv hv‡”Q| c¨v_jwR, GbvUwg, wdwRIjwR,
†nvgwdwR·, wnDg¨vb †eªBb cÖf…wZ †gwWK¨vj mvB‡Ýi wmwW-ig i‡q‡Q| wkï‡`i
wkÿvg~jK wmwW-ig¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡”Q wRwmGmB wdwR·, K¨v‡gw÷ª,
g¨v_‡gwU·, †¯úv‡Kb Bswjk cÖf…wZ| BwÄwbqvwis-Gi †ÿ‡Î †gKvwbRg, B‡jKwUªwmwU
GÛ g¨vM‡bwURg cÖf…wZ wmwW-ig evRv‡i cvIqv hvq| GQvov Iqvì© G¨vUjvm, †¯úwjs
Kx, MvBW wiWvi, wcwm‡Møve, †jv‡Mv BZ¨vw` wkÿvg~jK md&UIq¨viI i‡q‡Q|
gvwëwgwWqv
AwWI ev kã†jLv ev †U·U
MÖvwd·
wfwWI
B›Uv‡iKwUf
KgwcDwUs
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

45. 45
D`vniY (wek¦Kvl weª‡UwbKv)
wek¦‡Kvl ev GbmvB‡K¬vwcwWqvq c„w_exi ïiæ †_‡K G ch©šÍ me ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ web¨¯Í
_v‡K| †h‡Kvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ Rvb‡Z wek¦‡Kv‡li mvnvh¨ wb‡Z nq| GKwU wek¦‡Kv‡li
g~j¨ KZ? wek¦‡Kvl weª‡UwbKvi wÎkwU wekvj mvB‡Ri fwjq‡gi g~j¨ K‡qK jÿ UvKv|
A_P G wekvj wek¦‡Kvl‡K gvÎ K‡qKwU wmwW‡Z Aí UvKvq cvIqv hvq| KvM‡Ri
wek¦‡Kvl †_‡K †Kvb Z_¨ c„ôv Dwë‡q Dwë‡q †ei Ki‡Z nq| wKš‘ wmwW wek¦‡Kvl Pvjy
K‡i mvP© e‡· UwcK wj‡L wb‡`©k w`‡j gyn~‡Z©B gwbU‡ii iwOb c`©vq H welqwU P‡j
Av‡m| wmwW ev gvwëwgwWqv wek¦‡Kv‡li AviI GKwU ˆewkó¨ nj G‡Z A‡bK wfwWI
wK¬c _v‡K hv mvaviYZ KvM‡Ri wek¦‡Kvl m¤¢e bq| †hgb Avcwb A¨vWjd wnUjvi
m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Pv‡”Qb| GbmvB‡K¬vwcwWqv wmwWwU ïiæ K‡i mvP© e‡· Hitler wj‡L
G›Uvi Kx Pvc‡jB c`©vq wnUjvi m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ P‡j Avme| Video †jLv‡Z
wK¬K Ki‡j wnUjv‡ii RxešÍ fvlY Zvi K‡É ïbv hv‡e| GQvovI wnUjv‡ii m¤ú‡K©
Z_¨ Rvb‡Z wM‡q Gi mv‡_ m¤cwK©Z wewfbœ Z_¨ I Abvqv‡m Rvbv hv‡e| eZ©gv‡b
gvwëwgwWqv wmwWi AviI PgK n‡jv G‡Z hy³ I‡qe Avc‡MÖW e¨e¯’v| Avcwb GKwU
eB wK‡b‡Qb| eBwU‡Z cieZ©x‡Z AviI A‡bK bZzb Z_¨ mg„× wØZxq ms¯‹iYwUI
wKb‡Z nq| cÖwZwbqZ wbZ¨ bZzb Z‡_¨i D™¢e n‡”Q| cÖwZw`b GKevi K‡i eB‡qi
ms¯‹iY †ei Kiv m¤¢e bq| wKš‘ gvwëwgwWqv wek¦‡Kvl ¯^qswµqfv‡e Avc‡WU n‡e|
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui mv‡_ Avc‡WU wjsK Ki‡j A_©vr Avcbvi wmwWwU ïiæ K‡i KgwcDUv‡ii
mv‡_ B›Uvi‡bU hy³ K‡i Avc‡WU †jLv‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡jB MZKvj bZzb †h ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
Z_¨ Avwe®‹…Z n‡q‡Q ZvI Avcbvi KgwcDUv‡i P‡j Avm‡e|
27 nvRvi UvKv g~‡j¨i eB †c‡Z cv‡ib gvÎ 120 UvKvi wmwW‡Z
GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU evsjv‡`k KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ evsjv‡`‡ki GbmvB‡K¬vwcwWqv (Ávb
†Kvl)| G‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm, mgvR, A_©bxwZ, K…wó, weÁvb BZ¨vw` wel‡qi
cÖvPxb †_‡K eZ©gvb mgq ch©šÍ wewfbœ wel‡qi we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ i‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU 500
c„ôvi 10 wU L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ wekvj G Z_¨ fvÛviwU evsjv Ges Bs‡iwR fvlvq cÖKvk
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

46. 46
†`k we‡`‡ki cÖvq 1300 cwÐZ e¨w³i mnvqZvq cÖvq 6600 wU cÖeÜ mwbœ‡ewkZ
n‡q‡Q| evsjv ms¯‹i‡Yi g~j¨ 10 nvRvi UvKv Ges Bs‡iwR ms¯‹i‡Yi g~j¨ 17 nvRvi
UvKv| A_©vr evsjv Ges Bs‡iwR G `yfvlvq cÖKvwkZ ms¯‹i‡Yi GK‡Î g~j¨ 27 nvRvi
UvKv| Gi wmwW fvm©‡bi g~j¨ gvÎ 120 UvKv (`yB wmwW)| G `yBwU wmwW Avcbvi
msMÖ‡n _vK‡j Avcwb 27 nvRvi UvKv g~‡j¨i 20 LÐ eB‡qi cÖvq 10 nvRvi c„ôv Z_¨
mn‡RB enb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| wmwW †_‡K `ªæZ Z_¨ Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
evsjvwcwWqvi wmwWwU Avcbvi KgwcDUv‡ii wmwW WªvB‡f XywK‡q wKQzÿY ci c`©vq
cÖKvwkZ B›Uvi‡d‡mi mvP© e‡· †h Z_¨wU †`L‡Z Pvb †mwU UvBc K‡i G›Uvi Kx
Pvc‡j mv‡_ mv‡_ c`©vq †m Z_¨wU †`Lv‡e| †hgb mvP© e‡· e‡›` †jLvwU UvBc Ki‡j
ZvwjKv †`Lv‡e| ZvwjKvi cÖ_‡g e‡›` Avjx wgqv 1 Rxebx †jLv‡Z gvDm c‡q›Uvi
wb‡q Wvej wK¬K Ki‡j weL¨vZ †jLK e‡›` Avjx wgqvi Rxebx Avm‡e| Gfv‡e Avcwb
mn‡RB †h †Kvb wel‡qi Z_¨ Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb| Avcbvi evmvq hw` KgwcDUvi _v‡K
Zvn‡j evsjv wcwWqvi wekvj G msMÖnwU ivL‡Z cv‡ib|
AvMÖnx A‡b‡Ki Aby‡iv‡ai wfwˇZ cÖvc¨Zv mnR Kivi Rb¨ evsjv evRvi¯’ wmm‡UK cvewj‡Kk‡Ý
cvIqvi hv‡”Q| †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡j Kzwiqv‡i Avcbvi wVKvbvq cvwV‡q †`qv n‡e| 2 wmwW+wWwfwW e‡·
g~j¨ t 120 UvKv+ Kzwiqvi PvR© = 150 UvKv|
wecYb t wecYb evov‡Z AvRKvj eo eo cÖwZôvb¸‡jv Zv‡`i cY¨, weµq †mev,
†Kv¤úvwb †cÖvdvBj mewKQy wmwW-‡Z K‡i MÖvnK/†fv³vi Kv‡Q cvwV‡q w`‡”Qb|
†Kv¤úvwb Zvi wbR¯^ Bb nvDm †Uªwbs-G e¨envi K‡i gvwëwgwWqv †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb|
†hvMv‡hvM t gvwëwgwWqvi e¨envi wfwWI †Uwj‡dvb-Gi g‡Zv AZ¨vaywbK †Uwj‡dvb
†hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv K‡i hv‡Z †Uwj‡dv‡b AvjvciZ `yÕRb e¨w³ c`©vq ci¯úi‡K
cÖZ¨ÿ Ki‡Z mÿg nb|
wPwKrmv t B›Uvi‡b‡U gvwëwgwWqv cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡iB we‡k¦i eo eo me Wv³vi‡`i
KvQ †_‡K GKRb †ivMx mn‡RB wPwKrmvc_¨ †c‡Z cv‡ib| N‡i e‡mB c„w_exi Ab¨
cÖv‡šÍ Aew¯’Z †Kvb wPwKrm‡Ki mv‡_ K_v ejv hvq| †iv‡Mi weeiY, aib, m‡e©vcwi
hveZxq AmyL-wemy‡Li m¤ú‡K© Avjvc K‡i †ivM-e¨vwa wbim‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY
Kiv hvq|
cÖKvkbv t wmwW-i‡gi †QvU GKUz RvqMvq wekvj wekvj eB¸‡jvi ¯’vb †`Iqv hvq|
GgbwK G‡Z w¯’i Qwe, Pjgvb Qwe kãmn ms‡hvRb Kiv hvq| G‡Z †h‡Kvb welq n‡q
I‡V Av‡iv ü`qMÖvnx| gvwëwgwWqvi e¨envi AvRKvj GZUvB e„w× †c‡q‡Q †h fwel¨‡Z
nqZ †jLvcovi Rb¨ wkÿv_©x‡K LvZv, Kjg, eB wb‡q ¯‹zj-K‡j‡R QyU‡Z n‡e bv|
wekvj wekvj eB‡qi ¯‘‡ci RvqMv `Lj Ki‡e wmwW-ig|
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

47. 47
fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU
XvKvi GKwU bvgKiv ¯‹z‡ji fy‡Mv‡ji wkÿK †gvnv¤§` Djøvn 4_© †kªYxi QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i
K·evRvi mgy`ª ˆmKZ m¤ú‡K© cov‡”Qb| wZwb gy‡L my›`ifv‡e †jKPvi w`‡q eySv‡Z
Pv‡”Qb wKš‘ QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i‡K AvKwl©Z K‡i g‡bv‡hvMx Ki‡Z cvo‡Qb bv| Gfv‡e bv
cov‡q wZwb Ab¨ GKwU c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡jb| wZwb KgwcDUvi j¨ve †_‡K GKwU
KgwcDUvi Ges GKwU gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i G‡b †`kxq GKwU wkÿvg~jK gvwëwgwWqv
wmwW †hwU‡Z K·evRvi mgy`ª ˆmKZ m¤ú‡K© wfwWI eY©bv Av‡Q Zv Pvwj‡q w`‡jb|
QvÎ-QvÎxiv wKQyUv g‡bv‡hvMx n‡q evsjvfvlvq AwWI eY©bvmn wfwWI‡Z we‡k¦i me©e„nr
mgy`ª ˆmKZ K·evRv‡ii mgy`ª Ges Gi cvwicvwk¦©K `„k¨ ‡`L‡Z wQj| wKš‘ ZviciI
Zv‡`i `y‡óvwg K‡gwb| Kjg w`‡q GKRb Av‡iKR‡bi wcQ‡b †LvPv †`qvi `„k¨
m¨v‡ii †Pv‡L coj| m¨vi wKQyUv nZvk n‡jb| wZwb fve‡Z _vK‡jb wK K‡i Zv‡`i‡K
Av‡iv †ewk g‡bv‡hvMx Kiv hvq| m¨v‡ii Nwbô eÜz ivwk`yj nvmvb m¨vi Gw`K w`‡q
hvw”Q‡jb| wZwb G ¯‹z‡jiB KgwcDUv‡ii wkÿK| ey‡qU ‡_‡K KgwcDUvÍ mv‡q‡Ý cvk
K‡i wewkó KgwcDUvi weÁvbx W.Kvq‡Kvev‡`i Awa‡b fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU wb‡q KvR
K‡i‡Qb| m¤cÖwZ wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki K‡qKwU ¯’v‡bi Dci wkÿvg~jK fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU
†cÖvMÖvg ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb| m¨vi‡K †`‡LB fy‡Mv‡ji m¨vi †gvnv¤§` Djøvn WvK w`‡jb|
Zvi Wv‡K mviv w`‡q ivwk`yj nvmvb m¨vi G‡m cÖkœ Ki‡jb
wK †d«Û †Kb WvK‡j ?
Amg‡q nVvr wcÖwÝcvj m¨v‡ii iæg †_‡K †ei n‡”Qv| e¨vcvi wK ?
H‡h cÖ‡R±Uv †hwU wb‡q GZw`b ‡`Šov‡`Šwo-GZ cwikªg| Zv m¤ú~Y© n‡q‡Q|
mewKQy wVKfv‡e †mUAvc Ki‡Z †c‡owQ| cª¨vKwUK¨vwj Kivi AvR‡K dvBbvj
AbygwZ wb‡q wb‡qwQ| Zv Zzwg WvK‡j †Kb ?
†`v¯Í Avgvi gbUv fvj †bB|
†Kb ?
Av‡i e‡jv bv| ÷z‡W›U‡`i‡K KZ my›`ifv‡e cov‡Z Pvw”Q wKš‘ I‡`i‡K
g‡bv‡hvwMB Ki‡Z cvowQ bv|
Zzwg wK cov”Q ?
K·evRvi mgy`ª ˆmKZ|
†`v¯Í Zzwg †Kvb wPš‘v K‡iv bv| `k wgwbU ci †Zvgvi ÷z‡W›U‡`i‡K wb‡q j¨v‡e
Av‡mv|
`kwgwbU ci †gvnv¤§` Djøvn m¨vi ÷z‡W›U‡`i‡K wb‡q KgwcDUvi j¨v‡e
Avm‡jb| ivwk`yj m¨vi ÷z‡W›U‡`i‡K GKwU gRvi wRwbm †`Lv‡eb e‡j mswÿß
GKwU †jKPvi w`‡jb| m¨vi‡K ej‡jb ZzwgI †`L‡Z cvi| j¨ve Gwm‡÷›U
mevB‡K gv_vq we‡kl †nj‡gU Ges nv‡Z we‡kl †Møvem I cv‡q we‡kl
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox

48. 48
hš¿cvwZm¤úbœ Ry‡Zv cwo‡q w`‡jb|
†gvnv¤§` Djøvn m¨vi K·evRvi mgy`ª ˆmK‡Z G‡m‡Qb| mvg‡b wekvj mgy`ª|
wekvj wekvj †XD G‡m Zx‡i AvP‡i covi kã| mgy‡`ªi ZR©b MR©b| †mv †mv
evZvm| wcQ‡b cvwLi kã| m¨vi mgy‡`ªi cvwbi w`‡K G¸‡jb| Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í
cvwb‡Z †b‡gB co‡jb| cv‡q cvwbi VvÐv Abyf~wZ| wbPz n‡q nvZ w`‡q cvwb
¯úk© Ki‡jb| VvÐv cvwbi ¯úk© †c‡jb| mgy‡`ªi Zxi w`‡q wKQyÿY nuvU‡jb|
GB‡Zv wKQyÿY Av‡M Qv·`i‡K K¬v‡k hv cov‡jb GLb wZwb ev¯Í‡e meB
†`L‡Qb, meB Abyfe Ki‡Qb| Gfv‡e c‡bi wgwb‡Ui g‡Zv wZwb we‡k¦i me‡P‡q
e„nr mgy`ª ˆmK‡Zi wePiY K‡i ev¯Í‡e A‡bK wKQy †`L‡Z _vK‡jb| GKmgq
me wKQy AÜKvi| KgwcDUvi j¨v‡ei mnKvix Imgvb m¨v‡ii †nj‡gW Ly‡j
w`‡jb| wZwb Zb¥q n‡q wKQyÿY e‡m _vK‡jb| GI wK m¤¢e| wZwb ¯^cœ †`L‡Qb
bv‡Zv| wcQ‡b wd‡i †`L‡jb Zvi `yó me QvÎ-QvÎxivI ZviB g‡Zv Zb¥q n‡q
e‡m Av‡Q| wKQyÿ‡Yi g‡a¨B †Nvi KvUj| ivwk`yj m¨vi gyPwK †n‡m ej‡jb wK
m¨vi †Kv_vq wM‡qwQ‡jb ? QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i‡KI wZwb cÖkœ Ki‡jb| mevB mg¯^‡i
Reve w`j-K·evRvi m¨vi|
GB n‡jv fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU| wbðq Rvb‡Z B‡”Q Ki‡Q fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU wK ?
cÖK…Z A‡_© ev¯Íe bq wKš‘ ev¯Í‡ei †PZbv D‡`ªMKvix weÁvb wbf©i Kíbv‡K
fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU ev Abyf‡e ev¯ÍeZv wKsev Kí ev¯ÍeZv e‡j| fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU
g~jZ KgwcDUvi cÖhyw³ I wmgy‡jkb Z‡Ë¡i Dci cÖwZwôZ| fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU‡Z
wÎ-gvwÎK B‡gR ˆZwii gva¨‡g AwZ Am¤¢e KvRI Kiv m¤¢eci nq| Kíbvi
cvLvq fi K‡i B‡”Q Ki‡j Pvu‡`i gvwU‡Z †nu‡U Avmv, cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡ii
MfxiZg A‡j Ny‡i Avmv, gvby‡li
gw¯Í‡®‹i wbDivj ms‡hv‡Mi Dci w`‡q nvuUv
wKsev RyivwmK cv‡K©i †mB AwZKvq
Wvqv‡bvm‡ii ZvovI LvIqv hvq| fvPz©qvj
wi‡qwjwU GKwU KgwcDUvi wbqwš¿Z cwi‡ek
†hLv‡b e¨enviKvix H cwi‡e‡k gMœ n‡Z,
ev¯Í‡ei AbyKi‡Y m„ó `„k¨ Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z,
†mB mv‡_ ev¯Í‡ei b¨vq kªeYvbyf‚wZ Ges ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK fvev‡eM, D‡ËRbv
Abyf‚wZ cÖf…wZi AwfÁZv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| e¨enviKvix‡K gv_vq †nW
gvD‡›UW wWm‡cø (Head Mounted Display-HMD), nv‡Z GKwU †WUv †Møvf (Data
Glove) ev GKwU c~Y©v½ ewW my¨BU (Body Suit) ci‡Z nq Ges fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU
Zv‡K †Kvb iKg kvixwiK SzuwK ev wec` QvovB ev¯Íe AwfÁZv cÖ`vb K‡i|
Useful Bangla eBooks :-www.facebook.com/tanbir.ebooks
Library of free ebooks:www.tanbircox.blogspot.com

49. 49
Avgvi fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwUi AwfÁZv
2005 mv‡ji gv‡P© Av‡gwiKvi †U·vm A½iv‡R¨i wnD÷b¯’ bvmvq hvIqvi
†mŠfvM¨ nq| bvmv Ny‡i Ny‡i A‡bK wKQz †`Lvi my‡hvM nq| Puv‡`i cv_i nvZ
w`‡q ¯úk© K‡i Awff~Z nB| bvmvq ivLv Wvwg gnvk~b¨hv‡b ewm| Avgv‡K
we‡kl ai‡bi Pkgv I Av‡iv wKQz wWfvBm †`qv nq| AÜKv‡i myBP Ab K‡i
†`qv nq| Avwg gnvk~‡b¨ P‡j hvw”Q| wewfbœ MÖn,DcMÖn, DjKv wcÛ Ges
gnvk~‡b¨i Av‡iv A‡bK wKQz †`wL| cÖvq 15 wgwbU ci gnvk~b¨hvbwU wb‡q
c„w_ex‡Z P‡j Avwm| jvBU Ab K‡i †`qvi ci †`wL Avwg bvmvi H Wvwg
gnvk~b¨hvbwU‡ZB e‡m AvwQ| GB n‡jv fvP©yqvj wiqvwjwU| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki
fvmvbx b‡fv w_‡qUvi‡K fvP©yqvj wiqvwjwUi LyeB mvgvb¨ GKwU D`vniY wn‡m‡e
†`L‡Z cvwi| fvi‡Zi KwjKvZvi mv‡qÝ wmwU‡Z hvIqvi my‡hvM n‡j UvBg
†gwk‡b D‡V fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib| mv‡qÝ wmwUi Wvwg
gnvk~b¨hvbwU c„w_exi Avw` Kvj †_‡K AvaywbK hyM ågY Kiv‡q wb‡q Avm‡e|
wPÎ t †jLK gvneyeyi ingvb Av‡gwiKvi bvmvq fvPz©qvj wiqvwjwUi gva¨‡g gnvk~‡Y¨ ågb Ki‡Qb
w
w
w
.fb.com
/tanbir.cox