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Bangla for Bank Job
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2.
2 evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi
mswÿß BwZnvm 01| wLª÷c~e© mßg kZ‡K cvwYwb cÖ_g e¨KiY iPbv K‡ib ms¯‥…Z fvlvq hvi bvg wQj ÒAóva¨vqxÓ| 02| cÖ_g evsjv e¨KiY iPbv K‡ib g¨vby‡qj `¨ Avmmy¤úmuvD 1734 mv‡j cZz©wMR fvlvq| 03| cÖ_g evsjv e¨KiY cÖKvwkZ nq 1743 mv‡j, cZz©MxR fvlvq, ‡ivgvb ni‡d| 04| me©cÖ_g cZzM©xR fvlvq iwPZ evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi bvg Vocabolario em idioma Bengalla, e portuzuez dividido em duas partes. 05| Bs‡iRx‡Z cÖ_g evsjv e¨KiY iPbv K‡ib b¨v_vwb‡qj eªvwm n¨vj‡nW 1778 mv‡j| Zvi e¨Ki‡Yi bvg A Grammar of the Bengali Language| 06| ev½vjx‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g evsjv e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq 1826 mv‡j Bs‡iRx fvlvq| Zvi †jLv e¨vKi‡Yi bvg Bengali Grammar in English Language| 07| evsjv fvlvq cÖ_g evsjv e¨vKiY iPbv K‡ib ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq 1833 mv‡j| Zvi e¨vKi‡Yi bvg wQj †M․oxq e¨vKiY| 08| W: gyn¤§` knx`yjøvni †jLv e¨vKi‡Yi bvg Ôev½vjv e¨vKiYÕ (1935)| 09| W: mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi †jLv e¨vKi‡Yi bvg Òfvlv cÖKvk ev½vjv e¨vKiYÓ (1939)| evsjv fvlvi mswÿß BwZnvm 1. fvlvi g~j Dcv`vb- aŸwb| 2. fvlvi g~j DcKiY- evK¨| 3. evsjv fvlv B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq fvlv †Mvôxi AšÍM©Z| 4. W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvn Gi g‡Z evsjv fvlvi Rb¥ nq †M․oxq Acåsk †_‡K 650 wLª÷v‡ã A_©vr mßg kZvãx‡Z| 5. W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq Gi g‡Z evsjv fvlvi Rb¥ nq 950 wLª÷v‡ã A_©vr `kg kZ‡K gvMax Acåsk †_‡K| 6. evsjv fvlvi fwMoe m¤úK©xq fvlv mg~n nj Amwgqv I Iwoqv| 7. evsjv fvlvi D™¢e I weKvk m¤ú‡K© W. mybxwZ Kzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq GKwU eB wj‡Lb hvi bvg – ‘Origin and Development of Bengali Language. 8. m¨vi RR© wMÖqvm©b- Gi g‡Z evsjv fvlvi DrcwË - gvMax cÖvK…Z †_‡K| 9. m¨vi RR© wMÖqvm©‡bi gZ‡K mg_©b w`‡q‡Qb - W: mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq| 10. evsjv fvlvi AvbygvwbK eqm - cÖvq †`o nvRvi eQi| 11. eZ©gv‡b c„w_ex‡Z fvlv cÖPwjZ Av‡Q - mv‡o wZb nvRv‡ii †ewk| 12. eZ©gv‡b c„w_ex‡Z evsjv fvlv e¨enviKvixi msL¨v KZ- cÖvq PweŸk †KvwU| 13. c„w_ex‡Z mKj fvlvi g‡a¨ evsjv fvlvi Ae¯ vb - mßg| 14. fvlve¨enviKvix †jvKmsL¨vi we‡ePbvq evsjv fvlvi Ae¯ vb - PZz_©| 15. Official language ev `vßwiK cwifvlv wnmv‡e evsjv fvlvi Ae¯ vb - `kg| evsjv fvlvi kã m¤¢vi Zrmg (ms¯‥…Z) kã K) Y, l, ¶, F, t : hy³ kã mg~n Zrmg (ms¯‥…Z) kã| †hgbÑ jeY, e„¶, `x¶v, wk¶v, Fwl, KY©, P¶z BZ¨vw`| L) evsjv mvZ ev‡ii bvg I ev‡iv gv‡mi bvg Zrmg/ms¯‥…Z kã| †hgbÑ kwb, iwe, †mvg, Avlvp, kªveY, fv`ª BZ¨vw`| M) `k w`‡Ki bvg Zrmg kã| †hgbÑ DËi, `w¶Y, c~e©, cwðg, ClvY, evqy, AwMoe, •biær, EaŸ©, Aat| N) gnvKvk msμvšÍmKj kã Zrmg kã| †hgbÑ P›`ª, m~h©, b¶Î, MÖn, DcMÖn, Dév, bxnvwiKv, a~g‡KZz BZ¨vw`| O) wn›`y ag© msμvšÍmKj kã Zrmg kã| †hgbÑ †`e, †`ex, ivgvqY, gnvfviZ, c~Rv BZ¨vw`| P) ms¯‥…Z DcmM©, ms¯‥…Z cÖZ¨q Ges wemM© mwÜ mvwaZ mKj kã Zrmg kã| †hgbÑ welgxfeb, mylg, gvbe, hv`e, cvÐe BZ¨vw`| Aa©Zrmg kã Aa©Zrmg kãmg~n g~j kãmg~n †_‡K weK…Z n‡e| †hgbÑ Kv‡qZ (Kvq¯ ) cjøxi cyiæZ (cy‡ivwnZ) myiæh (m~h©) †Wvevi ci P‱`‡ii (P‱`ª) †RvQbv (†R¨vrm′v) ivwˇi (ivwÎ) wgwËi (wgÎ) cvovi †Mi¯ (M„nv¯ ) evwo‡Z †M‡jb †K‡óv (K…ò) VvKz‡ii hwÁ (hÁ) Ki‡Z| AvR ew`¨ (•e`¨) VvKz‡ii †Qiv‡Ï (kªv‡×) Zvi g‰Íi (g‰¿) covi †bg‰¿Y′ (wbg‰¿Y) wQj| wKš‧ wewói (e„wó) Kvi‡Y AvR †Miv‡gi (MÖvg) wQwi (kªx) Kzw QZ (KzrwmZ) n‡q †M‡Q| Pvwiw`‡K Kv`vq cv co‡Z †Nb′vq (N„Yv) Zvi MZi (MvÎ) Dwë‡q Avm‡Z jvMj| KvR †kl K‡i wZwb †L‡Z em‡jb| wKš‧ Lvev‡i †mvqv` (¯^v`) GZB wew Qwi (wekªx) †h Zvi wcwË (wcË) R¡‡j hvw Qj| LveviUv Dw Qó (Drm„ó) g‡b n‡Z jvMj| Zvi civY (cÖvY) hvq Ae¯ v Ae‡k‡l hZ‡bi (h‡Z′i) mv‡_ m°j (mKj) †K †cb′vg (cÖYvg) Rvwb‡q P‡j †M‡jb|
3.
3 Z ¢e
kã g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e:- LuvwU evsjv kã nj Z™¢e kã| †`kx kã LuvwU evsjv kã bq| ‡hgb:- KvbvB (K…ò) Ges Zvi eD evwo †_‡K cv-G nvUv cvnvwo (cvnvo) gvwUi iv¯Ívi euvK †cwo‡q Puv‡`i nv‡U †M‡jb| fvj K‡i nvZ gyL ay‡q gv_vq cvwb w`‡q Zviv gvQ w`‡q fvZ †Lj| Zviv `BI †Lj| wKš‧ mv‡_ UvKv Kg _vKvq Zvi eD AvuP‡j evav UvKv †ei K‡i w`j| Ae‡k‡l Puv‡`i Zviv Av‡jvq evwo wdij| ‡`kx kã ‡bov eûw`b c‡i evwo‡Z hvIqvq Zvi gv Zvi LvIqv wb‡q A‡bK hZoe Ki‡jb| wZwb Kzjv fwZ© †XuwK QvUv PvDj, huvZvq fv½v Wvj wb‡q cvwZ‡j K‡i Pzjvq Pvcv‡jb ivboevi Rb¨| wZwb Pzjv R¡vjv‡jb Lo, Kzov Avi Kqjv w`‡q| Zvi gv hLb ivboev Ki‡Qb †bov Nyi‡Z †e‡iv‡jb Ges †`L‡jb IuZ †c‡Z _vKv GKwU evNWvk Zv‡`i Kv‡jv †Lvov cvVv wU‡K Kvgo w`‡q‡Q| Zv †`‡L wZwb P‡j †M‡jb MÖv‡gi c‡_| †`L‡jb Z‡`i †QvU LywK †Lvcv K‡i †NvgUv c‡o RjcvB Mv‡Qi ‡Mvovq e‡m _vbKzwb cvZv Zzj‡Q| evwo †divi mgq wZwb guvPv †_‡K avgv fwZ© wS½v, ay‱`j I jvD wb‡q wdi‡jb| Ae‡k‡l wZwb †cU f‡i Lvevi †L‡jb mewR, †Usiv gv‡Qi †Svj, KvZjv, MRvi I †Pjv gv‡Qi †cvbv w`‡q| we‡K‡j wZwb gB w`‡q MvQ †_‡K KzwoUv WvMi (Wv½i) Wve cvi‡jb c‡i wZwb wWw½ wb‡q M‡Ä †M‡jb| †mLvb †_‡K evZvmv, aywZ, †Xvj I †Uvco wKb‡jb| evwo †divi c‡_ jvwV w`‡q ev`yo I †Xvov mvc Zvwo‡q b`x‡Z †XD Zz‡j evwo wdi‡jb| we‡`kx kã evsjv fvlvq wewfboe we‡`kx fvlv †_‡K A‡bK¸‡jv we‡`kx kã G‡m‡Q| Z‡e wewfboe fvlv †_‡K ag© msμvšÍA‡bK kã G‡m‡Q| ZvB mn‡R g‡b ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g Pj ag© msμvšÍ kã mg~‡ni QKwU †`wL| Aviwe: gv`ªvmvi gmwR‡` gyqvw¾‡bi Avhvb ï‡b gymwjøiv GKwÎZ n‡jb| †`vqv †k‡l Bgvg mv‡ne d‡Zvqv w`‡jb †h- Avjøvn& KziAv‡bi Avqv‡Z gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ Kvwjgv, mvjvZ, mvIg, nR¡, hvKvZ, dih K‡i‡Qb| `ywbqvi Gme Kivi †hvM¨Zv _vKvi ciI hviv Ki‡eb bv Zv‡`i Cgvb bvB| Zviv Kvwdi| hviv imy‡ji †`Lv‡bv c‡_ Bev`vZ Ki‡eb AvwLiv‡Z Zviv cv‡eb Rvb′vZ| Avi hviv nvivg, nvjvj c‡ivqv Ki‡eb bv nvk‡ii gq`v‡b cv‡eb Rvnvb′vg| dviwm: †Lv`v †d‡ikZv wb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb ¸bvn& wnmve Kivi Rb¨| bvgvh, †ivhv Ki‡j †e‡nkZ bB‡j †`vhL| cZz©wMR: wMR©vi cvw`ª μzk c‡o hxïi evYx cÖPvi K‡ib| ms¯‥…Z/Zrmg: ivgvqY gnvfvi‡Zi †jLKiv, Fwliv †`e †`ex‡`i c~Rvi ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv K‡ib| Zviv †`Lvb †e` I MxZvi †`Lv‡bv gv‡M© hviv c_ Pj‡e Zv‡`i Rb¨ ¯^M© Zviv _vK‡e †`e‡jv‡K| Ab¨_vq Avevi cybR©b¥ n‡e Ges Zvi ci ‡h‡Z n‡e bi‡K †hLv‡b mKj cvcvZ¥vi wVKvbv| Aviwe kã evsjv fvlvq e¨eüZ cÖvq mKj AvBb msμvšÍkã Aviwe kã| gRvi welq nj ÔAvBbÕ| ke`wUB Avevi dviwm kã| wKQz D`vniY wb‡goe †`Iqv nj:- AvBb msμv‰Íkã Av`vj‡Zi mvg‡bi gq`v‡b DwKj, †gv³vi, gyûwi, gy‡Ýd, `vjvj I Avmvwgmn A‡b‡KB †gvKÏgvi Kvi‡Y Rgv‡qZ n‡q‡Qb| Rjw` mK‡j GRjv‡m nvwK‡gi mvg‡b R‡ov n‡jb| `wjj RvwjqvwZi ARynv‡Z gvgjv| IRi I ‣KwdqZ †kvbvi ci nvwKg Kvq`v-Kvbyb wnmve K‡i Avmvwg‡`i GKRb‡K Rwigvbv Ki‡jb AciRb‡K nvR‡Zi ûKzg w`‡jb| wKš‧ D PZi Av`vjZ gvgjv LvwiR K‡i gvgjv i` K‡i w`‡jb| wk¶v DcKiY I wk¶v msμv‰Íkã gv`ivmv I g³‡e Qv·`i KziAv‡bi wZjvIqvZ I ZR©gvi Dci Zvwjg †`Iqv nq| Zv‡`i c¶ †_‡KB Mwie wk¶v_x©‡`i †`vqvZ, Kjg I wKZve †`Iqv nq G‡jg jv‡fi Rb¨| cÖwZ eQi gnii‡gi w`b Qv·`i mb` cÖ`vb Kiv nq| e¨emv msμv‰ÍZ_¨ gmjv e¨emv‡qi gvwjK gvZeŸi mv‡ne wm‱`yK †_‡K Znwe‡ji A_© wb‡q e¨emv ïiæ Kij| wKš‧ LvRbv msμvšÍ wnmve wbKv‡k Mj` nIqvq Zv‡`i e¨emv‡q †Kvb jvfB njbv| Aciw`‡K Zzdv‡b RvnvR Wywei Kvi‡Y A‡bK †jvKmvb nIqvq †m dZzi n‡q dwKi n‡q †Mj| wewea C‡`i w`b mKv‡j myjZvb Ges beve bv‡qe‡K mv‡_ wb‡q dwKi I gymvwdi‡`i mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡jb| Aci w`‡K Avwgi Gi Kb¨v ‡g․mygx Zvi KÉ mvd K‡i †gvjv‡qg ¯^‡i Zejv I Zvbcyiv wb‡q MR‡ji †iIqvR KiwQj| Zvi GB MR‡ji myi †fv‡ii nvIqvq ‡f‡m Qwo‡q coj| dviwm kã cÖkvmwbK kã ev`kvn& Zvi `iev‡i e‡m ev‱`v‡`i bvwjk wb‡q KvR Ki‡Qb| AvR dwiqv` G‡m‡Q †Mvg¯Ív I †ckKvi-Gi bv‡g| Zviv iOgnj bvgK j¯‥iLvbvi `v‡ivqv‡bi KvQ †_‡K †e-AvBwb fv‡e eLwmm wb‡q‡Q| miKvi cÖavb nIqvq wZwb Zv ei`v¯Íbv K‡i digvb cvwV‡q wmcvwn Øviv Zv‡`i ‡MÖdZvi Kij| Zv‡`i KvivMv‡i wb‡q Zv‡`i Revbew‱` †bIqv nj| †Mv‡q‱`viv Z`šÍKij| †e-kig, e¾vZ‡`i KvimvwR aiv covq Zv‡`i cÖ_‡g eiLv¯Í c‡Î ev`kvn& `¯ÍLZ Ki‡jb| Zvici `yÕRb
4.
4 cv‡jvqvb †Kv‡Zvqvj
Zv‡`i Rjøv`‡`i nv‡Z n¯ÍvšÍi Kij| Ae‡k‡l †Mvj‱`vR I Zxi‱`vR‡`i Øviv Zv‡`i g„Zz¨`Û †`Iqv nj| e¨emvq msμv‰ÍZ_¨ Pkgvi KviLvbvq KvwiMiiv A‡bK †Lvk †gRvR wb‡q Lvmv K‡i Pkgv •Zwi Kij| ‣Zwii ci †mwU‡K weμ‡qi Rb¨ †bqv nj e‱`‡ii evRv‡ii `iMvi cv‡k †`vKv‡b| †`vKvb`vi bgybv wn‡m‡e wKQz Pkgv Szwj‡q ivL‡jb| LwiÏviiv G‡m Zv‡`i †cvkvK I †Pnvivi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`L‡jb| cQ‱` n‡j Lye Lywk n‡q Lwi` Ki‡jb| Pkgv †`vKvb †_‡K LyPiv I cvBKvwi `yB fv‡eB wewμ nj| †m․wLbiv Avg`vwb Kiv Pkgv e¨envi K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K A‡bK Pkgv ißvwb Kiv nq| wewea bZzb RvgvZv k¦ïi evwo hvevi †ejvq ¯¿xi Rb¨ evMvb evwMPv †_‡K †Mvjvc MvwjPv wbj, k¦vïwii Rb¨ Rvg`vwb kvwo wbj Ges k¦ï‡ii Rb¨ `wR©i †`vKvb †_‡K †ikwg Kvc‡oi cvqRvgv, cvÄvwe I iægvj wbj| Lvb`vwb es‡ki k¦ïi evwo‡Z Zvi AvMg‡b †kvi‡Mvj c‡o †Mj| mK‡j Avb‡›` †eûk n‡q †Mj| Zvi Rb¨ vi cQ‡›`i Mig Lvbvi e‡‱`ve¯ÍKiv nj| Zvi Rb¨ ivav nj †gviM, †cvjvI, wewiqvwb, Svj †MvmZ, mewR Ges RÏ©v| LvIqvi ci Zv‡K ZigyR LvIqv‡bv nj| Ae‡k‡l mvbvB evwR‡q Zv‡K we`vq †`Iqv nj| iOabyi mvZ i‡Oi bxj (Zrmg) ev‡` evwK iO¸‡jvi bvg dviwm kã| wci mv‡ne †ivR mKv‡j wgwn ckwg Kvco c‡o †ivkbvB fv‡e kvM‡i`‡`i mv‡_ †`Lv K‡ib| †mw`wb mKv‡j GK mivBLvbv †_‡K GK kqZvb‡K †Rvi K‡i a‡i Avbv nj| wci mv‡ne Zvi `iRvi big Z³vi Ici e‡m †cqvjv nv‡Z Zvi wePvi Ki‡jb| wePv‡i Rvbvjvi KvV w`‡q Awfhy³i †Kvg‡i wcwU‡q Zv‡K bv¯Ívbvey` K‡i Zvi †n¯Í‡b¯ÍKiv nj| ZzwK© kã Lvb mv‡n‡ei evwo‡Z Zvi DReyK eveywP©i Ni †_‡K †eMg mv‡n‡ei AvjLvjøv w`‡q evbv‡bv †evPKvq fiv jvk cvIqv †Mj| `v‡ivMv evey Lvb mv‡n‡ei Ni †_‡K †Zvc, e‱`yK, PvKz, eviæ` I KuvwP †μvK Kij Ges Zv‡K Kvey K‡i a‡i wb‡q †Mj| Ae‡k‡l Zvi evev, `v`v-`vw` I bvbv-bvwb `v‡ivMv mv‡ne‡K Kzwb©k K‡i gyP‡jKv w`‡q Zv‡K Qvwo‡q Avbj| cZ©ywMR kã eo †Q‡j ¯‥z‡j hvevi ci Avqv Zvi Rb¨ B¯úv‡Zi Avjgvwii †fZ‡i Mvgjvq K‡i AuvZv, †cu‡c, †cqviv, Avbvim I Ab¨vb¨ Lvevi ivLj| wKš‧ Zvi †QvU †Q‡j Pvwe nvwi‡q †djj| c‡i wgw¯¿, evjwZ‡Z K‡i AvjKvZiv, Avjwcb I †c‡iK G‡b Zvjv Lyjj| Zvi eo †Q‡j ¯‥zj †_‡K G‡m mvevb, †Zvqvjv, evjwZ I gM wb‡q †Mvmj Kij| †Mvmj m¤úboe K‡i †m dj¸‡jv †Lj AviI †Lj AvPvi Ges †evgv gvK©v cvDiæwU| c‡i Kvgiv †_‡K eviv‱`vq †ewo‡q †K`vivq e‡m †envjv evRvw Qj| Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj cv‡ki KvwY©‡k KvwgR cov I gv_vq wdZv euvav GK †g‡q‡K Lywk Kiv| wKš‧ †g‡qi fvB wc¯Íj wb‡q Avkvq †m fq †c‡q †Mj Ges Kvgivq wd‡i †Mj| divwm kã ‡i‡bmuvi mgq divwm K¨v‡d †i‡¯Íviuvq Bs‡iR I Ij‱`vRiv e‡m we¯‥zU †L‡Z †L‡Z AvuZvZ KiwQj †h- mKj KvZz©R ey‡R©vqv‡`i M¨v‡i‡Ri wW‡cv‡Z ivLv n‡e Ges Kzc‡bi gva¨‡g n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv n‡e| Rvcvwb kã c¨v‡MvWvi cvw`ª Kviv‡Z P¨vw¤úqb mybvwg nvwiwKwii c~e©vfvm ï‡b f‡q nvm′v‡nbv evMv‡b AvZ¥nZ¨v Kij| c‡i Zv‡K cÖ_‡g wi·vq Ges c‡i mv¤úv‡b K‡i wb‡q hvIqv nj| mgv_©K kã AwM′ t Abj, ewý, cveK ,ûZvkb, ‣ek¦vbi, R¡jb,K…lvYy, wkLver,wkwLby, evqymLv, ûZfyK, kywP, wc½j, wek¦cv, wngviwZ,evqymLv, Awbj, mL, mßvsky, me©fyK ,wkLv| Ak¦ t †Nvov, †NvUK, nq ,evRx, ZziM, Zzi½g, †kªô, evnb, ‡n«lv, giæ`ª_, †NvUKx, †Nvox, evgx, eoev| AvKvk t A¤^i, †e¨vg, bf, MMb, AšÍix¶, k~b¨‡jvK, Avmgvb, `y¨‡jvK, bxwjgv, k~b¨, AbšÍ, myic_, A¤^i‡jvK, L‡jvK, L‡Mvj, b¶Î‡jvK, B_vi, b‡fv‡jvK, b‡fvgÐj, bf¯ j, Qvqv‡jvK| Ck¦i t Avjøv, †Lv`v, Bjvnx, mªóv, wek¦cwZ, ci‡gk¦i , RM`xk¦i, RM`xk, RMrcwZ, RMrwcZv,RMrmªóv, RMboev_, RMb¥q, fvM¨eÜz, Avw`bv_, c„w_¡k, Ag‡ik, AšÍhv©gx, †jvKbv_, cigcyiæl, ci‡gk¦i, cigvZ¥v, c‡ik, ci‡gk, wefy avZv, RMØÜz| Kb¨v t ‡g‡q, Kb¨v, bw›`bx, Zbqv, `ywnZv, AvZ¥m¤¢ev, cywÎKv, `vwiKv, ZbyRv, gvBqv, `yjvjx, cyÎx, Kzgvix, K‡b , Sx, †ewU, wSqvix, AvZ¥Rv| ‡KvwKj t †Kv‡qj, wcK, cif„Z, cicyó, Ab¨cyó, KvKcyó, Kj‡Nvl, emšÍmLv, emšÍx, emšÍ`~Z, emšÍ †Nvl, Kyûg›`ª, gay‡Nvl, †Kv‡qwjqv, KvKcy Q| ‡Kk/Pzj t AjK, wPKzi, KzšÍj, Pzj, Keix| Pvu` t P›`ª, myavKi, kkx, kkai, kkv¼, wØRivR, wea~, †mvg , P›`ªgv, wbkvcwZ, wbkvPi, myavwbwa, wngvsï, myavsky ,myavKi, B›`y , kxZvsï, g„Mv¼, wbkvbv_, iRbxKvšÍ, ZvivcwZ, Zvivbv_, †R¨vrmoevbv_, iv‡Kk , myavwbwa| ‡XD t Ewg©, exwP , Zi½, K‡jøvj, D‡jøvj, wn‡jøvj, exwPgvjv, jni , jnix, gnvZi¶v, g‡nvwg©, RjK‡jøvj †Rvqvi , Zi½f½, Zi½gvjv, Zi½jnix, †KvUvj, N~wY©|
5.
5 Zxi
t ZU, cywjb, •mKZ, K~j, wKbvi, Avkªq, Aewa, avi, cvo, ki| w`b t w`em, An, Aý, evi ,†ivR, evmi, AnivÎ, w`bivwÎ, w`emiRbx, w`bhvwgbx, mveb ,PweŸkN›Uv, AócÖni, AvUcÖni| bvix t igbx, ivgv, evgv, Aejv, gwnjv, ¯¿x, †g‡q, †g‡qgvbyl, †g‡q‡Q‡j, jjbv, A½bv, gvbex, gvbweKv, Kvwgbx, AvIivZ , †Rbvbv, †NvwlZv, †Nvlv, Rvwb, evjv, ewbZv, fvgvbx, keix, cÖZxc`wk©bx, ¯¿x‡jvK, fvwgbx| b`x t b`, b`-b`x, ZwUbx, cÖevwnbx, ‣kevwjbx, †mªvZw¯^bx, †mªvZ¯^Zx, wbS©wiYx, `wiqv, MvO, mwir, mgy`ªKvšÍv, mgy`ª`wqZv, †mªv‡Zvenv, g›`vwKbx, †mªv‡Zven, K‡jøvwjbx| cvwb t Rj, evwi, mwjj, Ac, bxi , D`K, D`, †Zvq, eviæY, cÖb`, Biv, Bjv, cy®‥i , m¤¢e , Zvgi, kx‡ZvËg, Rxeb | cvwL t wenM, wen½, kKzšÍ, LM, wØR, AšÍR, †LPi, cÎM, cÎx, c¶ai, wPwoqv, cvL-cvLvwj| cÙ t Kgj, Drcj, c¼R, Kzgy` , ‣Kie, Kyej, Kz‡ej, A‡šÍvR, Kzejq, Kzgy`x, kZ`j, Aiwe›`, bwjb, ivRxe, bwjbx, m‡ivR, m‡ivwRg , mwjjR, wemKzmyg, wemR, ivwÎnvm, KvÄ, bxiR, Bw›`ivjq, Kz‡kkq, bxjcÙ, bx‡jvrcj, bxj Kgj, jvjcÙ, i³Kzgy`, i³Kgj, †k¦Z Kgj| ce©Z t wMwi, ‣kj, cvnvo, Aw`ª, f~ai, gnxai, bM, APj, k„½ai, wMwiai, bvMvwaivR, w¶wZai, †gw`bxai, c„w_exai, c„_¡xai, Aebxai, aiYxai, aivai, emyavai| cyÎ t AvZ¥R, b›`b, `yjvj, myZ, Zbq, †Q‡j, †LvKv, Av‡Z¥v™¢e, ZbyR, ¯^R, `viK, Kzgvi, cyÎK, cyZ, †cv, cy‡j, ‡cvZK, ‡eUv| cv_i t cvlvY, cÖ¯Íi, wkjv, wkj, Dcj, Ak¥, iZoe, gwY `„lr, KuvKi, K¼i| c„w_ex t RMr, fyeb, msmvi, wek¦, ivR¨, aiv, aiYx , awiÎx, emygZx, c„_¡x, `ywbqv, f~gÐj, gZ©¨, emyav, f~ , Aebx , gnx, †gw`bx, w¶wZ, aivZj, aivavg| evZvm t evqy, ceb, mgxi, mgxiY, Awbj, giær, gviæZ, evwZ, evqy, AvïM, cegvb, m`vMwZ, bftk¦vm, kãen, AwMoemLv, ewýmLv, RMZvqy, RMrcÖvY, gvZwek¦v, RMØj, MÜevn, nvIqv, cÖfRb, K| eb t AiY¨, KzÄ, KvšÍvi, wewcb, AUex, R½j, ebR½j, `ve, ebvbx, ebx, Kvbb, AiY¨vbx, ebev`vo, ev`vo, †Svc, R½jvU, ebf~wg, ebvÂj| e„¶ t Ziæ, `ªæg, kvLx, cv`c, gnxiæn, Dw™¢`, AUex, wkLix, cYx©| we`y¨r t Zwor, Pcjv, PÂj, Akwb, ¶YcÖfv, AwPi, AbycÖfv, †m․`vwgbx, `vwgbx, weRjx, k¤úv| ‡gN t Rj`, evwi`, Rjai, bxi`, Nb, Rxg~Z, Aå, A¤^yevn, A¤^yevnx, c‡qvai, c‡qv`, A¤^yai, Kv`w¤^bx, bxiai, Bi¤§`| gq~i t Kjvcx, †KKx, wkLx, wkLÐx| ivRv t b„‡c›`ª, b„cwZ, b‡ik, f~cwZ, f~c, bicwZ, f~cvj, gnxcvj, Ðai, b„c, b„cvj, bivwac, b‡i›`, bi‡`e, w¶Zxk, w¶wZc, AebxcwZ, Aebxk, Awac, Aaxk¦i, gnxk, cvZkv, mgªvU, iv‡R›`ª, kv‡nbkv, b„cgwY| ivZ t ivwÎ, ivwZ, Agv, wbwk, wbkv, wbkx_, ivZ, iRbx, hvwgbx, hgeZx, hvgx, hvwgKv, ke©ix, wefveix, wbkxw_bx, wbïwZ, ¶Y`v, b³, ¶cv, Zvgmx, Amyqv| mgy`ª t mvMi, mvqi, wmÜz, `wiqv, Rjwa, A¤^ywa, A¤^ywbwa, cv_vi, Rjwbwa, cÖ‡PZv, R‡j›`ª, AK~j, AK~j cv_vi, R‡jk¦i, RjviY¨, evwiwa, Rjai, iZoevKi, iZoeMf©, bxjv¤^y, aiYxcjøe, bxiwa, bxiwbwa, †Zvqwbwa, c‡qvwa, Rjwac, evwiai, evix›`ª| ¯^Y© t †mvbv, myeY©, KvÂb, KbK, wniY¨, wniY, gnvavZz, †ng, Key©K| mvc t mc©, Awn, dYx, bvM, fyRM, f~R½g, Avkxwel, DiM, Kz‣jx, welai, cboeM, wØwRne| ¯^M© t †`e‡jvK, †`ecyix, †`evjq, ¯^M©‡jvK, ¯^M©avg, ¯^M©ivR¨, ¯^M©cyix, `y¨‡jvK, AgZ©¨‡jvK, AgZ¨©fyeb, Agiv, AgiveZx, Agivjq, Agiv‡jvK, wÎw`e, aªæe‡jvK, B›`ª‡jvK, B›`ªcyix, cyY¨‡jvK, Ag„Z‡jvK, EaŸ©‡jvK| m~h© t iwe, Zcb, mweZv, cÖfvKi, w`evKi, fv¯‥i, w`‡bk, w`bgwY, w`bcwZ, fvby, Avw`Z¨, gvZ©Û, Askygvjx, w`bbv_, DlvcwZ, wPÎfvby, w`bKi, w`evemy, wefvemy, wefvKi, c~lY, Asïgvb| wecixZ kã cÖ`Ë kã wecixZ kã cÖ`Ë kã wecixZ kã AvKl©Y weKl©Y mÂq AcPq c_ wec_ DboeZ vebZ ev`x weev`x DrKl© AcKl© hy³ wehy³ hk Achk mdj wedj mej `ye©j mykªx wekªx myK…Z `y®K…Z ¯§„wZ we¯§„wZ myL `ytL wVK ‡ewVK myjf `yj©f Zvj ‡eZvj mykxj `ytkxj nvj ‡envj Avmj bKj ûuk ‡eûuk Avw¯ÍK bvw¯ÍK AMÖ cðvr jv‡qK bvjv‡qK APj mPj LyuZ wbLyuZ AbyK~j cÖwZK~j ‡LuvR wb‡LuvR AšÍi evwni weiZ wbiZ AšÍi½ ewni½ Avkv wbivkv Aag DËg Drmvn wbiærmvn AagY© DËgY© ‡`vlx wb‡`©vl
6.
6 Aí AwaK
abx wba©b, `wi`ª AvuwV kuvm cÖej `ye©j AvKzÂY cÖmviY ‡ivM bx‡ivM Av‡M wc‡Q m‡Pó wb‡ðó Avc` m¤ú` m`q wb`©q Avcb ci m¤^j wbtm¤^j Av`vb cÖ`vb mim bxim Avw` AšÍ mvKvi wbivKvi Avwef©ve wZ‡ivfve AÁ weÁ Avg`vwb ißvwb Abyi³ wei³ Avq e¨q AbyivM weivM Avmj bKj Bn‡jvK ci‡jvK BZi f`ª Bnv Dnv B`vwbs Z`vwbs DÌvb cZb EaŸ© Aa DboewZ AebwZ I¯Ív` mvM‡i` IVv bvgv μq weμq ‡Kvgj KK©k LvZK gnvRb LuvwU ‡fRvj Mwiô jwNô ‡Lvjv eÜ MÖnY eR©b M„nx mboe¨vmx ‡Pvi mvay NvZ cÖwZNvZ Rb¥ g„Zz¨ QvÎ wk¶K RvMwiZ wbw`ªZ Ro ‡PZb UvUKv evwm ‡Rvqvi fvUv ‡Wvev fvm VvÐv Mig `vZv MÖnxZv ‡ZRx wb‡¯ÍR `yó wkó `xN© n«¯^ ‡`bv cvIbv ‡`Iqv ‡bIqv big k³ bZzb cyivZb eÜb gyw³ wb›`v cÖksmv ea©gvb ¶xqgvb ei ‡e․ wein wgjb evPvj ¯^ífvlx e¨_© mv_©K ‡evKv PvjvK fxZz mvnmx wfZi evwni †fuvZv aviv‡jv f~Z fwel¨r g„`y cÖej gyL¨ ‡M․Y jNy ¸iæ iæMoe my¯ kÎæ wgÎ jvj Kv‡jv mgwó e¨wó mZ¨ wg_¨v m„wó aŸsm my›`i KzrwmZ ¯^Kxq ciKxq ¯§„wZ we¯§„wZ ¯^vaxb civaxb ¯^M© biK nvjKv fvwi nvi wRZ K…wÎg ¯^vfvweK n«vm e„w× ¶z`ª e„nr KvR AKvR LyPiv cvBKvwi DcPq AcPq ¸iæ jNy K…ZÁ AK…ZÁ, K…ZNoe NvUwZ evowZ ‡K‡Rv A‡K‡Rv ‡PvLv ‡fuvZv ‡PZb A‡PZb Rq civRq ‡Pbv A‡Pbv Rxeb giY Rvbv ARvbv VKv ‡RZv Ávbx AÁvb wZi¯‥vi cyi¯‥vi ag© Aag© w`b ivZ bk¦i Awebk¦i `~i wbKU j²x Aj²x abx wba©b, Mwie kvšÍ AkvšÍ wbw`ªZ RvMÖZ wkó Awkó eÜz kÎæ ïf Aïf eo ‡QvU kª×v Akª×v ‡e‡nk&Z ‡`vRL mvšÍ AbšÍ fq mvnm ¯ vei A¯ vei, R½g fxiæ wbfx©K AwZe„wó Abve„wó wgjb wein AwfÁ AbwfÁ ivRv cÖRv A_© Ab_© jvf ¶wZ, †jvKmvb AvPvi AbvPvi kxNÖ wej¤^ AvZ¥xq AbvZ¥xq mv_©K e¨_© Av`i Abv`i w¯ i PÂj Avek¨K Abvek¨K ¯^Zš¿ ciZš¿ Avwej Abvwej niY c~iY Av¯ v Abv¯ v nvwm Kvboev B Qv Awb Qv D P wbP Bó Awbó D`q A¯Í Dcw¯ Z Abycw¯ Z G‡jv‡g‡jv ‡MvQv‡bv DcKvi AcKvi gvb Acgvb
7.
7 evK¨ ms‡KvPb
wewfboe iKg bvix... ‡h bvix GKwU gvÎ mšÍvb cÖme K‡i‡Q - KvKeܨv| ‡h bvixi wnsmv bvB - Abm~qv| ‡h bvixi nvwm my›`i - mywPw¯§Zv| ‡h bvixi GLbI we‡q nqwb- Ab~pv| ‡h bvixi cvjb Ac‡ii Øviv- cif„wZKv| ‡h bvixi ¯^vgx - cyÎ †bB- Afxiv| ‡h bvixi †Kk my›`i- my‡Kkv| ‡h bvixi `vZ my›`i- my`‰Íx| ‡h bvixi m¤cÖwZ weevn n‡q‡Q- b‡evpv| ‡h bvixi ¯^vgx we‡`‡k _v‡K - †cªvwlZfZ©„Kv| ‡h bvix Ac‡ii Øviv cwiPvwjZ- cif„wZKv| ‡h bvix c~‡e© A‡b¨i evM`Ëv wQj- Ab¨c~e©v| ‡h bvix ¯^vgxi cªwZ Abyi³v- cÖwZeªZv| Ab¨ KZ…K weevwnZv- c‡ivpv| ‡h ¯^vgxi ¯¿x we‡`‡k _v‡K - †cªvwlZfvh©v| hyeZx Rvqv hvi- hyeRvwb| ¯¿xi ekxf~Z †h - •¯¿Y| cÖ_gv ¯¿x RxweZ _vwK‡Z wØZxq evi `vi MÖnY - Awa‡e`b| wewfboe iKg B”Qv... ejvi B Qv - wee¶v| ‡`Lvi B Qv- w``„¶v| Kivi B Qv- wPKxl©v| ‡kvbvi B Qv- ïkÖ~lv| nbb Kivi B Qv - wRNvsmv| wb›`v/ †Mvcb Kivi B Qv -Ry¸áv| cvb Kievi B Qv- wccvmv| ‡fvRb Kwievi B Qv - eyfy¶v| egb Kwievi B Qv- weewglv| ‡eu‡P _vKvi B Qv- wRRxwelv| ‡mev Kivi B Qv- wm‡lwelv| Mg‡bi B Qv- wRMwglv| weRq jvf Kivi B Qv- wewRMxlv| cÖwZweavb/cÖwZKvi Kivi B Qv- cÖwZwewarmv| hy× Kivi B Qv- hyhyrmv| cÖ‡e‡ki B Qv- wewe¶v| ‡fvRb Kivi B Qv- wRNrmv| gyw³ †c‡Z B QyK- gygy¶z| ¶gv Kivi B Qv- wZwZ¶v| niY Kivi B Qv- wRNxl©v| wewfboe iKg WvK I aŸwb... A‡k¦i WvK- †n«lv| ev‡Ni WvK- K…wË| gq~‡ii WvK- †KKv| KzKz‡ii WvK- ey°b| ‡g‡Ni WvK- g‱`ª| nw¯Íi wPrKvi - e„snwZ| nwi‡Yi Pvgov - AwRb| exYvi SsKvi -wb°b| wms‡ni MR©b- bv`| KK©k aŸwb- ‡μ¼vi| AjsKv‡ii aŸwb- wkÄb| M¤¢xi aŸwb- g‰¿| aby‡Ki aŸwb- UsKvi| SbSb kã- SbrKvi| AwZ D‣ Pt¯^i- Zvi¯^i| wewea.... ‡h Ac‡ii †jLv Pzwi K‡i - Kz¤¢xj| Aw¶i A‡MvPi- c‡iv¶| Aw¶i m¤§y‡L- cÖZ¨¶| Aw¶i mgx‡c- mg¶| Abve„Z †`‡n †i․`ª moevb- m~h©moevb| AšÍM©Z Ac hvi- AšÍixc| A_©nxb Dw³- cÖjvc| Ak¦, n¯Íx, i_ I c`vwZK- PZzi½| AvKvk I c„w_ex- μ›`mx| ‡h †Kv‡bv wel‡q ¯ú„nv nvwi‡q‡Q - exZ¯ú„n| hv jvwd‡q P‡j- cøeM| hv Aa¨qb Kiv n‡q‡Q - AaxZ| wbZvšÍ `» nq †h mg‡q - wb`vN| hvi Dfq nvZ mgvb P‡j - me¨mvPx| fwel¨r bv †f‡e KvR K‡i - Aweg„k¨Kvix| hv c~‡e© †`Lv hvqwb Ggb - A`„óc~e©| B›`ªxq‡K Rq K‡i‡Q †h - wR‡Z‱`ªxq| B›`ª‡K Rq K‡i‡Q †h - B‱`ªwRZ| hvnv fvlvq cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv - Awbe©Pbxq| kÎæ‡K nbb K‡i †h kÎæN′| hvnvi `vwo D‡V bvB - ARvZk¥kÖæ| kw³i Dcvmbv K‡i †h- kv³| Awi‡K `gb K‡i †h- Awi‱`g| ‡h Mgb K‡i bv- bM| ‡h MvRvi †bkv K‡i - †Mu‡Rj| hvnv evK¨ I g‡bi A‡MvPi- AevOgvbm‡MvPi| Pwe©Z Pe©b cÖwμqv- †ivg‰ b| Kv‡R hvnvi AwfÁZv Av‡Q- KwiZKg©v| ‡h-e¯‧ cvB‡Z B Qv Kiv hvq- CwáZ| Nl©Y ev †clY RvZ MÜ- cwigj| whwb b¨vq fvj Rv‡bb- •bqvwqK| ‡hLv‡b gvwQ ch©šÍ bvB- wbg©w¶K| Øv‡i Øv‡i wf¶v MÖnY K‡i ‡h- gvayKi| hvnv a¨v‡bi †hvM¨- †a¨q| Avqyi c‡¶ wnZKi- Avqyl¨| GK fvlvi g‡a¨ Ab¨ fvlvi cÖ‡qvM- eyKwb| Fwli Øviv Dò- Avh©| cv ayBevi Rj- cv`¨| whwb ¯§„wZ kv¯¿ Rv‡bb- ¯§vZ©| ‡h Av‡ivnb Kwiqv‡Q- Aviæp| hv Pz‡l LvIqv hvq- Pzl¨| hv †P‡U †L‡Z nq- †jn¨| hv wPwe‡q ‡L‡Z nq- Pe©¨| AwMoe Drcv`‡bi KvV- AiwY| mv‡ci †Lvjm- wb‡g©vK| ‡h mšÍvb wcZvi g„Zz¨i ci R‡b¥‡Q- gi‡YvËiRvZK| Avg„Zz¨ hy× K‡i †h- mskßK|
8.
8 evsjv evbvb
ixwZ †Kv‡bv k‡ãi †k‡l hw` (C/x) Kvi _v‡K Ges Zvi c‡i hw` Z¡/ Zv/ bx/ Bbx/ mfv/ cwil`/ ZË¡/ we`¨v/ RMr/ evPK BZ¨vw` kã ev kãvsk †hvM Ki‡j c~‡e©i ÔC/xÕ Kvi ÔB/wÕ Kv‡i cwiYZ n‡e| †hgbÑ AwaKvix + Z¡ = AwaKvwiZ¡, m½x + bx = mw½bx, DcKvix + Zv = DcKvwiZv, cÖvYx + we`¨v = cÖvwYwe`¨v, AwaKvix + bx = AwaKvwiYx, cÖvYx + ZË¡ = cÖvwYZË¡, weRqx+bx= weRwqbx, AwaKvix > AwaKvwiYx, cÖYqx > cÖYwqbx, `yLx>`ywLbx BZ¨vw`| ÔAvwjÕ, Ô AÄwjÕ, ÔAvewjÕ; cÖZ¨q hy³ k‡ãi †k‡l B-Kvi n‡e| †hgb- †mvbvwj, iƒcvwj, c~evwj, eY©vwj, wgZvwj, •PZvwj, MxZvwj, MxZvÄwj, cÖkoevewj, kÖ×vÄwj, `„k¨vewj| ms¯‥…Z kã Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb k‡ã C ev C-Kvi e¨eüZ n‡e bv| ‡`k, RvwZ I fvlvi bv‡gi ‡¶‡Î C-Kvi I E-Kvi Gi ¯ ‡j B-Kvi I D-Kvi n‡e| †hgb- Bs‡iwR, Rvcvwb, cvwK¯Ívwb, AvdMvwb, Bivwb, ZzwK© BZ¨vw`| B D Ñ mKj A-Zrmg k‡ã †Kej C I E e¨eüZ bv n‡q B Ges D (w, y) e¨eüZ n‡e| †hgb: whï (hxï bq), cvw`ª (cv`ªx bq)| ms¯‥…Z ¯¿xevPK k‡ã C I E e¨eüZ n‡e Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î B Ges D (w, y) e¨eüZ n‡e | †hgb: ¯¿x, †bÎx, `vw`, bvwb BZ¨vw`| D/E-Kvi msμv‰ÍÍ wbqg ms¯‥…Z kã Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb k‡ã E ev E-Kvi ( ~ ) e¨eüZ n‡e bv| A™¢yZ- Gi fyZ Qvov me Òf~ZÓ G `xN© D- Kvi ( ~ ) nq| †hgb- A½xf~Z, Awff~Z, Avwef©~Z, D™¢~Z, GKxf~Z, ekxf~Z| `~iZ¡ †evSv‡Z Ò`~i" Ab¨_vq Ò`yiÓ n‡e| †hgb- `~i`k©b, `~iMvgx, `~iex¶Y, c¶všÍ‡i- `yišÍ, `yb©vg, `ye©j, `ywf©¶, `yb©xwZ, `yivPvi, `y`©všÍ| Ab¨vb¨ O, T, Y, b, g Ñ GB bvwmK¨ eY©¸wj hLb †Kv‡bv e‡Y©i Av‡M hy³ nq ZLb H eMx©q e‡Y©i mv‡_B ïay gvÎ hy³ nq Ab¨ e‡M©i eY© mv‡_ hy³ nq bv| †hgbÑ c¼, k L, M½v, R N, gÂ, evÃv, e¨Äbv, SÅv, NÈv, eÈK, MÖšÍ , Avb›`, m¤cÖ`vb, m¤ú`, jç, A¤^i BZ¨vw`| b/Y Ges l/m Y-Z¡ I l-Z¡ weavb Abyhvqx e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| k‡ãi †k‡l (t) wemM© _vK‡e bv| †hgb Kvh©Z, g~jZ, e¯‧Z, μgk| ÔAv‡bvÕ cÖZ¨qvšÍ k‡ãi †k‡l (‡ v) ÔIÕ Kvi hy³ Kiv n‡e| Ñ Kiv‡bv, ejv‡bv, LvIqv‡bv| nm wPý ( & ) ev EaŸ©Kgv ( Õ) h_vm¤¢e eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb- Kie, PU, `yRb, Pvik| Z‡e fyj D Pvi‡Yi Avk¼v _vK‡j e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡eчhgb - Dn&, hvn&| Bs‡iwR ev Bs‡iwRi gva¨‡g AvMZ k‡e 'S' Gi ¯ v‡b ÔmÕ Ges Sh, Sion, Ssion, tion BZ¨vw` ¯ v‡b ÔkÕ e¨eüZ n‡e| wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© evbvb AK¯§vr AMoe¨vkq AMoey¨rcvZ AwPšÍ¨ Awb›`¨ Ab~aŸ© AšÍtmË¡v AšÍR©vjv A‡šÍ¨wówμqv AgZ©¨ Aj N¨ Ak¦_ AvKv ¶v Av`©ª D‣ Pt¯^‡i D Q¡vm D¾¡j D˨³ Dw™¢¾ Dch©y³ Dcjwä Kvw ¶Z K…wËevm K¡wPr μzi ¶zä ¶zwboee„wË Mvn©¯ MÖx®§ N~Y©¨gvb R‡jv Q¡vm RvR¡j¨gvb Rxevk¥ R¡i R¡jR¡j R¡jv R¡vjv R¡vjvwb ‡R¨ô ‣R¨ô ‡R¨vr¯oev ‡R¨vwZ Zx¶è Z¡K Z¡iY Z¡ivwš^Z Z¡wiZ Z¨³ `qv`©ª `vwi`ª¨ `yivKv ¶v `ywb©ix¶¨ ‡`․ivZ¥¨ Ø›Ø wØZxq wØav ‡Øl ‣ØZ ب_© `~¨Zμxov aŸsm aŸb¨vZ¥K bT_©K
9.
9 &EaŸ© GZØviv
GZبZxZ J¾j¨ J×Z¨ KZ©„ KZ©„K KΩx `axwP ‡K․Z~nj wKsev cO&w³ c² civ gyL cwi¯ªveY cvk¦© cÖwZØw›ØZv cÖwZØ›Øx cÖZ~¨l cÖvZtK…Z cÖvZå©gY ‡cÖv¾¡j ‡c․‡ivwnZ¨ e¶¨gvY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq eܨv e‡qv‡R¨ô ewnwiw›`ªq evZ¨vweaŸ¯Í evj¥xwK weؾb wefxwlKv wef~wZf~lY ‡R¨vwZlx ‡R¨vwZ®‥ UxKvwUàbx Zr¶Yvr ZË¡ ZË¡eavb ZبZxZ ZvwË¡K wKixU LwPZ MÖnxZv e¨Äbv e¨wZμg e¨wZe¨¯Í e¨ZxZ e¨Z¨q e¨_v e¨w_Z e¨c‡`k e¨e‡ Q` e¨eavb e¨emv e¨e¯ v e¨envi e¨q e¨_© e¨¯Í ey¨rcwË e~¨n eªvþY ‡f․MwjK åvZ…Z¡ gaym~`b wb°Y wbØ›Ø wbw`©¦av ‣bF©Z b¨¯Í by¨â b~¨b cK¡ M`©f Nwbô Pe©¨ h²v hk¯^x hv Tv iwk¥ ‡i․Í`ª j²Y j²x km¨ kvk¦Z wki‡ñ` wkl¨ k¦kyi k¦kÖæ ‡k¨b ‡kø®§v lvY¥vwmK msea©bv mËv mË¡ mܨv mboe¨vm mboe¨vmx ‣ewPÎ ‣e`»¨ ‣ewkô¨ e¨³ e¨w³¯^vZšÍ¿ e¨Mª e¨½ RxweKv wckvP cK¡ ZrKvjxb ZvwoZ Z¨³ `~lYxq h‡kvivwk wkitcxov mseiY msev` RMØÜz gbtKó gb¯ÍË¡ gšÍ^šÍi gZ©¨ gnË¡ gvnvZ¥¨ gyn©~gyn~ gyn~Z© AZ¨waK BZtc~‡e© Aa¨qb A`¨vwc A‡avMwZ D Q¡wmZ EaŸ© FYMÖ¯Í HiveZ RvMiƒK SÅv Zw×Z i³ Qwe m‡¤§jb mi¯^Zx mvwË¡K mvšÍbv wm›`~i m~² ‡m․nv`©¨ ¯^Ztù~Z© ¯^Ë¡ ¯^v Q›`¨ ¯^vqZ¡kvmb ¯^v¯ ¨ ¯§iY nxb¤§b¨Zv n«¯^ n«vm msewjZ K¼Y b„ksm me©v‡cÿv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© evbvb mgxPxb, nixZwK, evj¥xwK, B‡Zvg‡a¨, Awfkvc, wZi¯‥vi, cwi®‥vi, g~a©b¨, M„wnYx, wkitcxov, Af¨šÍixb, wbkx_, A‡avMwZ, wbixn, wecixZ, wbix¶Y, `~lYxq, ‡ZRw¯…qZv, gyn©~gyn~©, wefxwlKv|
10.
10 m‡gv PvwiZ
kã Ak¦ ‡Nvov Ak¥ cv_i Avevm evm¯Ívb Avfvm AwffvlY, Avjvc, f~wgKv, gyLeÜ Avfvm Bw½Z, A¯úó cÖKvk KzU ce©Zk„½, `yM© K~U KywUj Pz¨Z öwjZ,cwZZ, fªó P~Z Avg Zzjv `vwocvjøv Z~jv Kvc©vm `vwo `vwocvjøv, c~Y©‡ Q` wPý `vox ‡h †b․Kvq `vo Uv‡b `vwo k¥kÖƒ `xc cÖ`xc wØc n¯Íx, nvZx Øxc Rj‡ewóZ f~fvM wbivk nZvk, Avkvnxb wbivm cÖZ¨vL¨vb, wbeviY, wbimb wbwkZ kvwYZ, aviv‡jv, ¶ziavi wbkx_ Mfxi ivwÎ bxo cvwLi evmv, Kzjvq bxi Rj, cvwb evU nvZj, Mevw`i ¯Íb evU c_ wek Kywo, wesk wel Mij, njvnj wem g„Yvj wew¯§Z Avðh©vw¤^Z we¯§„Z hv fy‡j hvIqv n‡q‡Q kiY Avkªq ¯§iY ¯§„wZ wkj wkjv, cv_i kxj PwiÎ , ¯^fve, cÖe„wË mxj mxj‡gvni kyw³ wSbyK myw³ myePb, †e`gš¿, myfvwlZ ïwP ï×, cweÎ, wbg©j mywP wbN©›U, cÖš vw`I welq ZvwjKv, myP ïi exi myi Kɯ^i , †`eZv myi m~h© kªeY KY© mªeY ¶iY mË¡ Aw¯ÍZ¡, cÖvY, mËv ¯^Z¡v AwaKvi, gvwjKvbv, ¯^vwgZ¡ mv¶i A¶iÁvbwewkó ¯^v¶i bvgmwn, `¯ÍLZ mv_© ewYK, abevb& ¯^v_© wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb, wb‡Ri jvf my` Kzmx` m~` cvPK ür ü`q üZ AvüZ, AvbxZ evMaviv wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© evMaviv A ARMi e„wË = Avj‡mwg Ae‡ime‡i = Kv‡j-f‡`ª Am~h©¯úk¨v = M„‡n AšÍÍixY A¶‡i A¶‡i = m¤ú~Y©fv‡e A Av K L = cÖv_wgK Ávb A¶q eU = cÖvPxb e¨w³ Aa©P‱`ª = Mjva°v Agvem¨vi Puv` = `yj©f e¯‧ AÜKv‡i wXj †Quvov = cyivcywi Av›`v‡R KvR Kiv A‣_ Rj = fxlY wec` Aby‡iva †XuwK ‡Mjv = c‡ii Aby‡iv‡a Kó cvIqv Av AvKvk aiv = e„wó eÜ nIqv AvKv‡k _y_y †djv = wb‡RiB ¶wZ Kiv Av‡°jg‰ÍÍ. Av‡°jg‱` = we‡ePbv K‡i Ggb AvUKcv‡j = nZfvM¨ AvULvb Kiv, AvULvbv Kiv = UzK‡iv UzK‡iv Kiv Avwg-Avwg Kiv = AvZ¥cÖksmv Kiv Av‡qvmy‡qv = maev ¯¿x‡jv‡Ki `j AvuKzcuvKz Kiv = QUdU Kiv AvKv‡ki Puv` = `yj©f e¯‧ Av‡°j¸Wyg = nZeyw× nIqv Avbvwo = AcUz, AbwfÁ
11.
11 B
BZzwb`Ku‡o = Ajm BuP‡o cvKv = AKvjc° Bj‡k ¸uwo = ¸uwo ¸uwo e„wó Bu`yi Kcv‡j = g›`fvM¨ BZi we‡kl = cÖ‡fa ev cv_©K¨ B‡`i Puv` = Kvw ¶Z e¯‧ D D‡ov K_v = ¸Re DobPÐx = D Q„ Lj DKi-avKi = G‡jvcv_vwo Dwbk-wek = mvgvb¨ cv_©K¨ Dcob‡c‡K = Ace¨qx DjyLvMov = ¸iæZ¡nxb †jvK D‡ov wPwV = †ebvwg cÎ EbcuvR‡i = Ac`v_© EbcÂvk evqy = cvMjvwg Ewg©gvjx = mgy`ª G GK jvngvq = GK gyû‡Z© G‡j‡e‡j = wbK…ó GK †PvLv = c¶cvZ `yó GKv`k e„n®úwZ = gnv‡m․fvM¨ GK ¶z‡i gv_v gyov‡bv = GK `jfy³ GK K_vi gvbyl = `„p msKí e¨w³ Gjvwn KvÛ = weivU Av‡qvRb K K-A¶i †Mvgvsm = m¤ú~Y© g~L© Kjwgi Svo = es‡k eû †jvK KPy †cvov = ALv`¨ K Q‡ci Kvgo = hv mn‡R Qv‡o bv Kwo Kcv‡j = fvM¨evb Kwo KvV Mbv = KvR bv K‡i KvjniY Kvey‡Z cvIqv = ev‡M cvIqv Kzu‡Pv evmb = †QvULv‡Uv _vjvevwU KzuR‡ovcbv = SMov‡U ¯^fve ‡Ku‡P MÐyl = †Mvov †_‡K ïiæ Kjyi ej` = GKUvbv LvUzwb Kcvj †div = ‡m․fvM¨ jvf KZ av‡b KZ Pvj = wn‡me K‡i Pjv Kovq MÐvq = m¤ú~Y©, cy‡ivcywi KuvPv cqmv = bM` DcvR©b L LvgKvR = fyjKvR Ly‡` iv¶m = †cUzK gvbyl ‡LRy‡i Avjvc = Kv‡Ri K_v wLPzwo cvKv‡bv = RwUj Kiv LÐKcvj = `yf©vM¨ LÐcÖjq = Zzg~jKvÐ, fxlY e¨vcvi ‡Lv`vi Lvwm = üócyó Lvwe LvIqv = QUdU Kiv M MÇvwjKv cÖevn = AÜ AbyKiY| M`vB j¯‥ix Pvj = gš i MwZ| Mix‡ei †Nvov †ivM = AwZwi³ Avkv Kiv| M`©f ivwMbx = gvayh©nxb wPrKvi| ‡MvKz‡ji lvuo = †¯^ QvPvix †jvK, †eKvi| Mv jvMv = g‡bv‡hvM †`qv| Mv‡q jvMv = g‡bv‡hvM †`qv| Mv‡q duy w`‡q †eov‡bv = duvwKi g‡bvfve| Mv‡Q Zz‡j gB Kvov = cÖwZkÖæwZ f½ Kiv| N NvU gvbv = Ab¨vq ¯^xKvi Kiv Nv‡o-M`v©‡b = AZ¨šÍ †gvUv NyY nIqv = `¶Zv jvf Kiv ‡Nvovi wWg = Aev¯Íe NyNy Piv‡bv = me©bvk Kiv Ni fv½v = HK¨ bó Kiv ‡Nvovi Nvm KvUv = AKv‡R mgq bó ‡Nvovi Kvgo = `„p cY NÈvMiæo = AKg©Y¨ †jvK Nv‡Ui gov = AwZ e„×, †h gi‡Z e‡m‡Q P P¶z`vb Kiv = Pzwi Kiv Pkg†Lvi = m¤ú~Y© †envqv Puv`-Kcv‡j = fvM¨evb ‡Pv‡Li evwj = P¶zk~j P‡¶i cyZwj = Av`‡ii ab Po B cvwLi cÖvY = ¶xYRxex ‡jvK wPwbi cyZzj = kªgZvZz‡i Pwe©Z Pe©Y = cybive„wË PvPv Avcb evuPv = ¯^v_©ci wPwbi ej` = fvievnx P¶z PoK MvQ = we¯§‡q †PvL eo n‡q hvIqv
12.
12 Q
Qvu`bvZjv = weev‡ni gÐc Qvgwb bvov = `„wó wewbgq Quy‡Pvi †KËb = Aweivg Kjn QvB Pvcv Av¸b = AcÖKvwkZ cÖwZfv ‡Q‡ji nv‡Zi †gvqv = mvgvb¨ e¯‧ Q°v cvÄv Kiv = eo eo K_v ejv wQuP Kvu`y‡b = A‡íB Kuv‡` Ggb wQwbwgwb †Ljv = bó Kiv R RjfvZ = mnRmva¨ Rj‡hvM = nvjKv Lvevi Rjcvb = nvjKv Lvevi Rjcvwb = e„wË RK (RM) †`Iqv = VKv‡bv RjMÖnY bv Kiv = m¤úK© bv ivLv R‡ji `vM = ¶Y¯ vqx RvgvB-Av`i = cÖPzi Av`i hZoe wRwMi †Zvjv = aŸwb †`Iqv Rxq‡‰Í gviv = Rxeb¥„Z ‡Rv‡oi cvqiv = Nwbô eÜz S Sv‡oes‡k = meï× Sv‡u‡Ki ‣K = GK `jfy³ Sv‡j †Sv‡j A¤^‡j = me©Î weivwRZ S‡ov KvK = wech©¯Í wS‡Odzj †dvUv = Avqy dzwi‡q Avmv ‡Svji jvD A¤^‡ji K`y = me c‡¶i gb RywM‡q Pjv ‡Sv‡j A¤^‡j GK Kiv = wgwk‡q †djv SivcvZv = RxY©kxY© †jvK U UbK bov = mRvM nIqv UvKvi AvwÐj = wecyj UvKvi gvwjK UvKvi Kzwgi = abx e¨w³ UvKvUv wmwKUv = Lye mvgvb¨ UvKv Uzc fyR½ = †bkvq we‡fvi Uvbv †cv‡ob = weiw³Ki hvZvqvZ ‡Xu‡K †MvuRv = AvZoemvr Kiv Uzwc civ‡bv = †Zvmv‡gv` Kiv Uvj mvgjv‡bv = wec` n‡Z gyw³ UxKv fvl¨ = `xN© Av‡jvPbvr V Vv‡i Vv‡i = Bw½‡Z VvÛv jovB = †Mvc‡b we‡ivwaZv ‡VvuU KvUv = ¯úófvlx ‡VKv †g‡q = wPiKygvix Vyu‡Uv RMb′v_ = AKg©Y¨ VuvU eRvq ivLv = Afve Pvcv ivLv W wW‡g †ivMv = wPi-iæMoe Wvb nv‡Zi e¨vcvi = LvIqv Wvgv‡Wvj = †Mvj‡hvM W‡K IVv = bó nIqv Wygy‡ii dzj = A`k©bxq Wy‡e Wy‡e Rj LvIqv = †Mvc‡b †Mvc‡b KvR Kiv X X°v wbMv` = D P K‡É †NvlYv Xv‡Ki KvwV = †Zvlvgy‡` XvK XvK ¸o ¸o = jy‡KvPzwi Xv‡K evuqv = AcÖ‡qvRbxq Xv‡Ki KvwV cov = m~Pbv Kiv ‡XuwK AeZvi = wb‡ev©a †jvK ‡XuwKi Kzwgi = Ac`v_© Z Z-LiP = ev‡R LiPv Z‡° Z‡° _vKv = †Mvc‡b mZ©K _vKv Zvj Mv‡Qi AvovB nvZ = †kl I me‡P‡q KwVb Ask Zzjmx e‡bi evN = my‡e‡k `ye©„Ë wÎk¼z Ae¯ v = ga¨ve¯ v _ _ n‡q hvIqv = ¯Íw¤¢Z nIqv _inwi K¤ú = f‡q cÖPÐ Kvuvcv _vDwK †ejv = wejvj †ejv ` `w¶Y nv‡Zi e¨vcvi = LvIqv `y‡ai gvwQ = mymg‡qi eÜz `v-Kzgov m¤^Ü = kÎæZv `nig gnig = gvLvgvwL eÜzZ¡ ` avgvaiv = ‡Zvlvgy‡` a‡g©i Kj = mZ¨ ‡av‡c †UKv = hyw³wm× a‡g©i lvo = ‡¯^ QvPix b bbxi cyZzj = kªgwegyL bKov QKov Kiv = ‡njv ‡djv Kiv bvKvwb Pzevwb = Kó bRi jvMv = Aïf `„wó‡Z cov
13.
13 wbKzwP
Kiv = AMÖvn¨ Kiv c cyKzi Pzwi = eo ai‡bi Pzwi cvqvfvwi = AnsKvi ce©‡Zi gywlK cÖm` = e¨vcK cÖZ¨vkvq mvgvb¨ cv_‡i cuvPKwj = cÖej †m․fvM¨ cUj †Zvjv = gviv hvIqv e e¨v‡Oi mw`© = Am¤¢e e¨vcvi eK avwg©K = fÐ Zc¯^x eY©‡Pviv = Avcbvi cwiPq †Mvcb K‡i †h f wfUvq NyNy Pov‡bv = me©bvk Kiv fuyB‡dvo = bZzb fvbygwZi †Lj = Awek¦vm¨ e¨vcvi fykwÐi KvK = `xN©Rxex wf‡R ‡fovj = wbixn wKš‧ my‡hvM mÜvwb g g‡Mi gyjøyK = AivRK †`k gv‡Qi gv‡qi cyÎ †kvK = KcU †e`bv wgQwii Qzwi = gy‡L gay AšÍ‡i wel gvwbK †Rvo = wbi_©K `ytL h/i/j h‡gi †`vmi = wbôzi e¨w³ ivûi `kv = `ytmgq ‡jvUv K¤^j = mvgvb¨ msMxZ ‡jdvdv `yi¯Í = evB‡i VuvU eRvq ivLv ivRv DwRi gviv = eo eo K_v ejv k/l/m/n kKzwb gvgv = KzPμx †jvK kwbi `„wó = Kz `„wó kv‡c ei = Awb‡ô Bó jvf ‡mvbvi cv_i evwU = Am¤¢e e¯‧ mv¶x †Mvcvj = wbw®…q `k©K ‡lvjAvbv = cy‡ivcywi lZ¡-YZ¡ Ávb = KvÐÁvb nvZUvb = Pzwii Af¨vm nv‡Zi cuvP = ‡kl m¤^j nvUzi eqm = wbZvšÍ wkï cvwifvwlK kã Abscondent ‡divix, cjvZK Absorption AvZoexKiY Accountant wnmvei¶K Act AvBb Acting fvicÖvß Addendum cwiwkó, ms‡hvRb Adjournment gyjZex Advertisement weÁvcb Affidavit njdbvgv Agenda Av‡jvP¨ Aircraft wegvb Alliance ‣gw·RvU Annexdure ‡μvocÎ Anonymous ‡ebvgx Assassin ¸ßNvZK Attested mZ¨vwqZ Bankrupt ‡`Dwjqv Bibliography MÖš cwÄ Bilingual wØfvlx Blackmail `yó‡K․kj Blueprint cÖwZwPÎ Bond cÖwZÁvcb,gyP‡jKv Boycott eR©b Broker `vjvj Byelaw DcAvBb Camping Awfhvb Carisedover †Ri Census Av`gïgvix Chancellor AvPvh© Client g‡°j Collaborator mn‡hvMx Commentator fvl¨Kvi Compliment †m․Rb¨ Consignor †cÖiK Consulate `yZvjq Corrigendum ïw×cÎ Copyright †jLv¯^Z¡ Convocation mgveZ©b Curriculum cvV¨μg Diagram bKkv, cwi‡jL Dialect Dcfvlv Devaluation g~j¨n«vm Depositor AvgvbZKvix Draftsman bKkxKvi,gymvwe`vKvix Espionage ¸ßPie„wË Imagination cÖevmb Encyclopedia wek¦‡Kvl Elasticity w¯ wZ¯ vcKZv Equation mgxKib Executive wbe©vnx Exhaustive mvgwMÖK Ex Officio c`vwaKv‡i Experiment wbix¶v
14.
14 Explosion we‡õviY
Expulsion ewn®‥vi Eyewash ‡avKv Eyewitness cÖZ¨¶`kx© Ethnology †RvwZwe©`¨v Facsimile cÖwZiƒc, AweKj Faculty Abyl` Falls RjcÖcvZ Federal hy³ivóªxq Fiction K_vmvwnZ¨ Farce cÖnmb Fortnightly cvw¶K Forecast c~e©vfvm Forfeited ev‡Rqvß Galaxy Qvqvc_ Gazetteer Z_¨‡Kvl Genesis DrcwË Garrison ‡mbv`j Gravitation gnvKl© Goodwill cÖwZôvwaKvi, mybvg lobal wek¦e¨wc Glossary kãcwÄ Handbill cÖPvicÎ Harbor ‡cvZvkªq Hemisphere ‡Mvjva© Higging `iKvlvKwl Horizontal Abyf~wgK Humanitarian gvbe‡cÖgx Hygiene ¯^v¯ ¨we`¨v Hypocrisy KcUZv Hypothesis Abygvb High Tide R‡jv Qvm Hybrid D P djbkxj Headland AšÍixc Handicraft n¯Íwkí Handloom ZuvZ Idealism fveev` Imprisonment Kviv`Ð In charge fvicÖvß Index wba©›U, m~PK Inventory d`© Impeachment Awfmskb Longitude `ªvwNgv Lobbying Z`wei Livestock cïcvjb Litigation gvgjv Lingua Franca wgkªfvlv Liquidation Aemvqb Light- Year Av‡jvKel© Devaluation evgcš x Depositor cÖPvicÎ Latitude A¶vsk Landslide f~cvZ, aŸsm Laissez- Faire AevavbxwZ Laboratory cix¶vMvi cÖev` cÖePb ¯^ieY© A AfvMv †hw`‡K Pvq, mvMi ïwK‡q hvq= me©ÎB ‣bivk¨ AwZ `‡c© nZj¼v = AwZwi³ AnsKviB cZb NUvq Avw`¨Kv‡ji ew`¨ ey‡ov = Lye cÖvPxb e¨w³ AwaK‰‧ b †`vlvq = cÖ‡qvR‡bi †ekx n‡jI ¶wZ †bB | Amv‡ii ZR©b MR©b mvi = ¸Ynx‡bi e¨_© Avõvjb| Afv‡e ¯^fve bó = Afv‡e co‡j fvj gvbylI Amr nq| Aí we`¨v fq¼ix = Aí we`¨vi AwZ `c©| AwZ Pvjv‡Ki Mjvq `wo = †ewk PvjvwK Kwiqv Ab¨‡K VKvB‡Z †M‡j A‡bK mg‡q wb‡R‡K wec‡` cwo‡Z nq| AwZ †jv‡f ZuvwZ bó = ‡ewk ‡jv‡f me©¯^ nvivB‡Z nq| A‡bK mb′¨vmx‡Z MvRb bó=A‡bK †jvK nB‡j Kv‡R wek„ Ljv nq| A_©B Ab‡_©i g~j = A_© nB‡ZB hZ †Mvjgv‡j m„wó| Aivuaywbi nv‡Z c‡o iæB gvQ Kuv‡` = A‡hvM¨ †jv‡Ki nv‡Z cwoqv fvj wRwbmI bó nq| Av Aviwki gy‡L cokx‡K †`Lv = wb‡Ri gZ K‡i Ab¨‡K fvev Avov‡j †jv‡K ivRvi gv‡KI WvBwb e‡j = Amv¶v‡Z A‡b¨i wb›`v mevB K‡i| Av‡g `y‡a GK nj, AvuwU †Lvmv c‡o iÕj = `yB c‡¶i g‡a¨ †evSvcov nBqv †Mj, A_P †hvMv‡hvM Kwiqv w`j †h †m-B AevwÂZ ewjqv MY¨ nBj| Avcwb euvP‡j ev‡ci bvg = PvPv Avcb cÖvY euvPv| Avcwb ï‡Z VuvB †bB, k¼iv‡K Wv‡K = wb‡Ri Avq w`qv wb‡R Pwj‡Z cv‡i bv; A_P A‡b¨i Rb¨ LiP K‡i| Av‡M `k©b`vix c‡i ¸YwePvix = evwn¨K †m․›`h© ØvivB gvbyl cÖ_g AvK…ó nq| Avm‡j gylj †bB †XuwK N‡i Puv‡`vqv= Dchy³ e¨e¯ v Aej¤^‡bi Afve| Avc fvjv †Zv RMr fvjv = wb‡R fvj n‡j mKjB fvj nq| Avgov Mv‡Q Avg nq bv = g›` ¯^fv‡ei †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q fvj e¨envi Avkv Kiv hvq bv| Avcwb AvPwi ag© Ac‡i wkLvI = hv wb‡R gvb bv, Zv Aci‡K wkLv‡e bv| Av½yj dz‡j KjvMvQ = Awek¦vm¨ DboewZ| Avcb cv‡q Kzovj gviv = wb‡Ri ¶wZ wb‡R Kiv| Av½yi dj UK = cvb bv ZvB Lvb bv| Av`vi e¨vcvwii Rvnv‡Ri Lei = AbwaKvi PP©v Kiv| Av‡U-wc‡V `o, Z‡e †Nvovi Dci Po = †KvbI Kvh© Kwievi †hvM¨ bv nB‡j, †m Kvh© Kwi‡Z hvIqv DwPZ bq|
15.
15 B
Bu`y‡i †P‡bbv fvMeZ cyuw_ = g~L© e¨w³ ¸Yxi ¸Y †ev‡S bv| BUwU gvi‡j cvU‡KjwU †L‡Z nq = †hgb Kg© †Zgb dj, A_©vr c‡ii Awbó Kwi‡j wb‡RiI Awbó nq| D Dje‡b gy³ Qov‡bv = A‡hvM¨ cv‡Î g~j¨evb e¯‧ `vb Kiv| DwPZ K_v eÜz †eRvi = mZ¨ K_v ej‡j AvcbRbI iæó nq| DV‰Í e„¶ cˇbB †Pbv hvq = Kv‡Ri Avi¤¢ †`wLqv Kv‡Ri †kl eySv hvq| D‡ov LB †Mvwe‱`vq bgt = ‡h LB nvZ nB‡Z evZv‡m Dwoqv †Mj, Zvnv †Mvwe‡›`i bv‡g wb‡e`b| D‡`viwcwÐ ey‡`vi Nv‡o = G‡Ki †`vl A‡b¨i Dci Pvcv‡bv| E‡bv fv‡Z `y‡bv ej = Aí Avnv‡i kw³ e„w×| DwPZ K_vq eÜz †eRvi = mZ¨K_v AwcÖq | G GK nv‡Z Zvwj ev‡R bv = †h †Kvb Kj‡nB Dfq c‡¶i wKQz bv wKQz †`vl _v‡K| GK Kovi gyi` †bB, fvZ gvivi †MuvmvB = DcvR©‡bi ¶gZv bvB A_P LiP K‡i cÖPzi| GK gv‡N kxZ hvq bv = wec` GKeviB Av‡m bv| GK wX‡j `yB cvwL gviv = GKB mv‡_ `yB D‡Ïk¨ mvab Kiv| GK gv‡N kxZ hvq bv = GKev‡iB wec` †kl nq bv| e¨ÄbeY© K KvuPv evu‡k Ny‡b aiv = AcwibZ eq‡m •bwZK AatcZb NUv, KB‡qi †Z‡j KB fvRv = c‡ii Dci w`‡q ¯^v_© D×vi| Kvbv †Q‡ji bvg cÙ‡jvPb = hvi †h ¸Y †bB, Zv‡K †mB ¸‡Y Awfwl³ Kiv| KuvUv w`‡q KuvUv †Zvjv = kÎæ bvk| K‡bi N‡i wcwm, e‡ii N‡i gvmx = Dfq‡K †jwj‡q w`‡q ¯^v_© D×viKvix| ‡Kv_v hvI †Mvcvj, m‡½ hv‡e Kcvj = fvM¨ wPim½x| Kqjv hvq bv ay‡j, ¯^fve hvq bv gi‡j = Lvivc †jvK mn‡R Zvi ¯^fve cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Kv‡Ri †ejvq KvRx, KvR dziv‡j cvRx = cÖ‡qvR‡b KvD‡K Kv‡Q WvKv, AcÖ‡qvR‡b gyL wdwi‡q †bIqv| KuvPvq bv †bvqv‡j euvk cvK‡j K‡i Vvm Vvm = †QvU‡ejvq wk¶v bv wb‡q eo n‡j cwiYZ eq‡m Zv m¤¢e bq| Kv‡b w`‡qwQ Zzjv Avi wc‡V †eu‡awQ gyjv = we‡kl mn¨ kw³ I •ah© AvqË Kiv| Kcvj ¸‡Y †Mvcvj VvKzi = A`„ó fvj _vwK‡j †hvM¨Zvnxb †jvKI eo nq| Kvbv Miæ evgyb‡K `vb = A‡K‡Rv wRwbm `vb Kwiqv `v‡bi c~Y¨ jv‡fi †Póv Kiv| Kzwg‡ii m‡½ weev` K‡i R‡j evm Kiv = hvnvi †hLv‡b cÖfyZ¡ †mLv‡b Zvnvi m‡½ we‡iva Kwiqv _vKv hvq bv| Kó bv Ki‡j †Kó wg‡j bv = mvabv Qvov mvdj¨ jvf Kiv hvq bv| KvOv‡ji K_v evwm n‡j Lv‡U = ¸iæZ¡ bv †`Iqv †jv‡Ki K_vi `vg wec‡` cwo‡jB †evSv hvq| Kv‡iv †c․Íl gvm, Kv‡iv me©bvk = G‡Ki jv‡f A‡b¨i ¶wZ| ‡KD g‡i wej †Qu‡P, †KD Lvq •K = G‡Ki cwikª‡g A‡b¨i wejvwmZv| ‡Ku‡Pv Lyuo‡Z wM‡q mvc †e‡iv‡bv = Zz Q wel‡qi m~‡Î RwUj mgm¨vi D™¢e| L wL‡` †c‡j fv‡N avb Lvq = cÖ‡qvR‡bi AvwaK¨| Lvj †K‡U Kzgxi Avbv = wb‡Ri wec` wb‡R †W‡K Avbv| LyuwUi †Rv‡i †fov bv‡P = kw³kvjx e¨w³i c„ô‡cvlKZvq A‡hvM¨ e¨w³iI kw³ †`Lv‡bv m¤¢e| Lvm Zvjy‡Ki cÖRv = Lye AbyMZ e¨w³| M Muv‡q gv‡b bv Avcwb †gvoj = A‡b¨ bv gvwb‡jI wb‡R‡K eo ewjqv g‡b Kiv| ‡Mvbv Miæ ev‡N Lvq bv = wn‡m‡ei Miæ ev‡N Lvq bv| Miæ †g‡i Ry‡Zv `vb = KvnviI h‡_ó ¶wZ Kwiqv c‡i ZvnviB mvgvb¨ DcKvi Kiv| Mv‡Q KuvVvj †Muv‡d †Zj = fwel¨‡Zi `iækq D`MÖxe nBqv _vKv| Mv‡QiI Lvq, ZjviI Kzovq = GKB m‡½ GKvwaK ¯^v_©wmw× Kiv| ‡Mu‡qv †hvMx wfL cvq bv = wb‡Ri GjvKvq ¸Yxi Av`i †bB| Ni‡cvov Miæ wmu`y‡i †gN `‡L Wivq = eo wec‡`i AwfÁZv AKvi‡YB fxZ Kwiqv †Zv‡j| ‡Mv- go‡K gywPi cve©Y = G‡Ki ¶wZ‡Z Ac‡ii jvf M`vB j¯‥ix Pvj = `xN©mywÎZvi fve Miæ †g‡i Ry‡Zv `vb = †ekx ¶wZ K‡i mvgvb¨ wKQy w`‡q Lywk Kivi †Póv
16.
16 N
N‡ii †L‡q e‡bi †gvl Zvov‡bv = wb‡Ri ¶wZ K‡i A‡b¨i DcKvi Kiv| Ny Ny †`‡LQ duv` †`Lwb = PZzi e¨w³‡K †K․k‡j Rã Kivi Bw½Z| P PKPK Kwi‡j †mvbv nq bv = †Pnviv‡Z Avmj ¸Y aiv hvq bv| ‡Pviv bv †kv‡b a‡g©i Kvwnbx = Dc‡`k w`qv Amr‡K mr Kiv hvq bv| PvPv Avcb cÖvY evuPv = wb‡Ri Rxeb i¶v Kwiqv Zvici Ab¨‡K mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ nvZ evovI| PvgwP‡KI cvwL, wWcywUI nvwKg = AvKv‡i ev PvjPj‡b eo ewjqv g‡b nB‡jB cÖK…Z eo nq bv| ‡Pbv evgy‡bi •c‡Z jv‡M bv = †hvM¨ †jv‡Ki Rb¨ mycvwik jv‡M bv| ‡Pvi cvjv‡j eyw× ev‡o = NUbv NwUqv hvBevi ci Zvnv GovBevi c_ cvIqv| ‡Pv‡i †Pv‡i gvmZz‡Zv fvB = Acivaxiv G‡K A‡b¨i mvnvh¨Kvix nq| ‡Pviv bv ï‡b a‡g©i Kvwnbx = g›` †jvK fvj Dc‡`‡k Kvb †`q bv| ‡Pv‡ii mv¶x MuvU KvUv = g›` †jvKB g›` †jvK‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i| Q ‡Quov Kuv_vq ï‡q jvL UvKvi ¯^c′ †`Lv = Am¤¢e Kíbv Kiv| QvB †dj‡Z fv½v Kz‡jv = mvgvb¨ Kv‡Ri mvgvb¨ cvÎ| QzuP n‡q Xy‡K dvj n‡q †e‡iv‡bv = `qvcÖv_©x nBqv XywKqv weivU Awbó Kwiqv Pwjqv hvIqv| ‡Q‡o †` gv †Ku‡` euvwP = †Kvb AevwÂZ Sv‡gjv nB‡Z gyw³ cvBevi AvKzjZv| R ‡Rvi hvi gyjyK Zvi = kw³kvjxivB wU‡K _v‡K| Ry‡Zv †mjvB †_‡K PwÐcvV = †QvU-eo hveZxq KvR Kiv| S ‡Svc ey‡S †Kvc gviv = my‡hv‡Mi mبenvi Kiv| S‡o eK g‡i dwK‡ii †KivgwZ ev‡o = A‡b¨i Øviv m¤úvw`Z K…wZZ¡ wb‡Ri e‡j `vwe Kiv| V VM evQ‡Z Muv D‡Rvo = †hLv‡b g‡›`i msL¨vwaK¨, †mLv‡b fvj evQvB Kiv hvq bv| ‡Vjvi vbg evevRx = Pv‡c c‡o bwZ ¯^xKvi Kiv| W/X Wy‡e Wy‡e Rj LvIqv = †Mvc‡b †Mvc‡b †Kvb KvR Kiv| Xvj †bB Z‡jvqvi †bB wbwaivg m`©vi = ¶gZv †bB wKš‧ Avõvjb Av‡Q| ‡XuwK ¯^‡M© †M‡jI avb fv‡b = me©ÎB †h GKB iK‡gi `vq- MvwqZ¡ enb K‡i| ‡XwK ¯^‡M© †M‡jI avb fv‡b = A`„ó me©Î m‡½ m‡½ hvq Z Zß fv‡Z byb †Rv‡U bv, cv‰Ív fv‡Z wN = cª‡qvRbxq KvR mvgjvBevi mvg_¨© bvB hLb, ZLb AcÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡Ri cÖwZ †SvuK †`Lv‡bv| ‡Zjv gv_vq †Zj †`qv = hvi Av‡Q, Zv‡K AviI †`Iqv| Zzwg †di Wv‡j Wv‡j, Avwg wdwi cvZvq cvZvq = Pvjv‡Ki †P‡qI †ewk PvjvwK Kiv| ` `k P‡μ fMevb f~Z = GKvwaK †jv‡K wg‡j fvj‡KI g›` e‡j cÖwZcboe Kiv| `y‡ai mva †Nv‡j †g‡U bv = Avmj wRwb‡mi Avb›` bK‡j cvIqv hvq bv| `‡ki jvwV G‡Ki †evSv = GKR‡bi c‡¶ hvnv KwVb, `kR‡bi c‡¶ Zvnv AwZ mnR| `uvZ _vK‡Z `uv‡Zi gg© †ev‡S bv = †Kvb wKQzi Afve bv n‡j †m wel‡qi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb Kiv hvq bv| `ya-Kjv w`‡q Kvjmvc †cvlv = kÎ ‡K mhy‡Z¡ cÖwZcvjb| ‣`Z¨Kz‡ji cÖnjv` = g›` cwi‡e‡k fvj †jvK | a awi gvQ bv QuyB cvwb = wKQz gvÎ †eM bv †c‡q nq Ggb †K․k‡j wmw×| aiv‡K mivÁvb Kiv = KvD‡K c‡ivqv bv Kiv| a‡g©i XvKv Avcwb ev‡R = †kl ch©šÍ mZ¨ cÖKvk cv‡eB| a‡g©i Kj evZv‡m b‡o = A‡b¨i mgv‡jvPbv bv Kwiqv wb‡Ri KvR wb‡R Kiv| b ‡bov `yevi †ejZjvq hvq bv = GKB wec‡` gvbyl AwaKevi cwZZ nq bv| bvbv gywbi bvbv gZ = wewfboe †jv‡Ki wewfboe gZ| bvB gvgvi †P‡q Kvbv gvgv fvj = bv _vKvi †P‡q mvgvb¨ _vKvB fvj| bvP‡Z bv Rvb‡j DVvb euvKv = A‡K‡Rv †jvK Kv‡Ri Amvd‡j¨i Rb¨ A‡b¨i †`vl †`q| byb LvB hvi, ¸Y MvB Zvi = DcKvixi DcKvi Kiv| byb Avb‡Z cvbZv dyivq = `vwi`ªMÖ¯Í Rxeb bv‡Ki ej‡` biæb = wfboe wRwb‡m mvgb¨ ¶wZc~ib
17.
17 c
‡c‡U †L‡j wc‡V mq = jv‡fi cÖZ¨vkvq Kó mn¨ Kiv| c_ Pj‡e †R‡b, Kwo †b‡e ¸‡Y = c‡_i fv‡jvg›` †R‡bï‡b c_ Pj‡Z nq Ges KviI KvQ †_‡K UvKv cqmv †bIqvi mgq ¸‡Y wb‡Z nq| c‡ii a‡b †cvÏvwi = Ac‡ii A_© h‡_ó e¨q Kiv| c‡ii gv_vq KuvVvj fvOv = Aci‡K Kó w`‡q wb‡Ri ¯^v_© nvwmj Kiv| cv‡ci ab cÖvqwð‡Ëi hvq = Am`ycv‡q AwR©Z ab Amr c‡_B e¨wqZ nq| c‡ii Nv‡i e‱`yK †i‡L wkKvi = A‡b¨i Dci `vq ivwLqv ¯^v_© D×vi Kiv| ce‡©Zi gywlK cÖme = weivU Avo¤^‡ii Zy Q cwiYwZ wuc‡oq e‡m †cu‡ovi LiP = bMb¨ †jv‡Ki ¸iZ¡c~b© Lei ivLv| e eRª AvUzwb d¯‥v †M‡iv = evB‡i kw³gvb †fZ‡i `ye©j euv‡ki †P‡q Kw eo = ev‡ci †P‡q †Q‡ji †ZR †ewk| evgyb n‡q Puv‡` nvZ = †QvUi AwZ eo kL| em‡Z †c‡j ï‡Z Pvq = wKQz myweav cvB‡j Av‡iv AwaK myweav `vwe Kiv| webv †g‡N eRªcvZ = AvKw¯§K wec` Dcw¯ Z nIqv| wel †bB Zvi Avevi Kz‡jvcbv P°i = ¶gZvnx‡bi A‡nZzK Avõvjb| ev‡N Qz‡j AvVvi Nv = `yó †jv‡Ki cvjvq co‡j wKQz bv wKQz ¶wZ n‡eB| evi nvZ KuvKz‡oi †Zi nvZ exwP = g~j welq A‡c¶v AcÖ‡qvRbxq wel‡qi evovevwo| webv evZv‡m cvZv b‡o bv = KviY Qvov †Kvb KvR nq bv| eP‡b RMr Zzó = wgwó K_v ej‡j mevB mš‧ó _v‡K| f fvM¨ev‡bi †evSv fMev‡b eq = fvM¨evb †jv‡Kiv †Kv_vI AvUKvq bv| fvZ Qov‡j Kv‡Ki Afve nq bv = UvKv _vwK‡j Kv‡Ri †jv‡Ki Afve nq bv| wf‡¶i Pvj Kuvov Avi AvKvov = `qvi `v‡bi fvj-g›` wePvi P‡j bv| g ‡gvjøvi †`․Ío gmwR` ch©‰Í = Kvh©¶gZvi wbw`©ó mxgv| giv nvwZ jvL UvKv = g~j¨evb e¯‧i wKQz ¶wZ n‡jI Aewkó As‡ki g~j¨ _v‡K cÖPzi| g‡‰Í¿i mvab wKsev kixi cvZb = ‡Kvb KvR m¤úv`b Kivi Rb¨ `„p-cÖwZÁ nIqv| gkv gvi‡Z Kvgvb `vMv = mvgvb¨ e¨vcv‡i weivU Av‡qvRb| giv evN‡K wKwj‡q gviv = wg_¨v evnv`yix h hZ M‡R© ZZ e‡l© bv = Avo¤^i Abyhvqx KvR bv nIqv| hv‡K †`L‡Z bvwi Zvi Pjb euvKv = hv‡K cQ›` nq bv, Zvi cÖ‡Z¨K Kv‡RB †`vl| hvi jvwV Zvi gvwU = †Rvi hvi gyjyK Zvi| hvi R¡vjv †mB Rv‡b = f~³‡fvMxB h_v_© `ytL Dcjw× Ki‡Z cv‡i| hZ †`vl b‱`‡Nvl = †Kvb `ye©j e¨w³‡K me †`v‡li Rb¨ `vqx Kiv| hZ¶Y k¦vm, ZZ¶Y Avku = †kl Aewa Avkv Z¨vM bv Kiv| hvi Rb¨ Pzwi Kwi †mB e‡j ‡Pvi = hvnvi DcKvi Kiv nBj, †m-B hLb wb›`v K‡i| hvi Kg© Zvi mv‡R, Ab¨ †jv‡Ki jvwV ev‡R = †h †jvK †h Kv‡Ri †hvM¨ bq, Zvnvi Øviv †m KvR nq bv| ‡hLv‡b ev‡Ni fq †mLv‡b ivZ nq = GKvwaK wec` GKm‡½ NUv| ‡hgb ey‡bv Ij, †Zgwb evNv †ZuZzj = †mqv‡b †mqv‡b gy‡LvgywL| i i_ †`Lv Kjv †ePv = GK wX‡j `yB cvwL gviv| ivRvq ivRvq hy× nq, DjyLvMovi cÖvY hvq = ¶gZvevb‡`i ؇›`i d‡j mvaviY †jv‡Ki Rxeb wecboe nIqv| j jv‡M UvKv †`‡e †M․ix‡mb = A‡b¨i Dci fimv Kwiqv †ewnmv‡e LiP Kiv| ‡jey KPjv‡j †Z‡Zv nq = ‡h †Kvb e¨vcv‡i †ewk NuvUvNuvwU Kwi‡j AkvwšÍi D‡`ªK nq| k/m wkKvwi weovj †Muv‡d †Pbv hvq = nvefve †`wLqv †evSv hvq| mv‡ci nuvwP †e‡` †P‡b = cÖK…Z j¶Y AwfÁ †jvKB †ev‡S| m¯Ívi wZb Ae¯ v = m¯Ívi `ªe¨ cÖvqB Livc _v‡K| mey‡i †gIqv d‡j = •a‡h© mydj d‡j| mg‡qi GK †duvo, Amg‡qi `k †duvo = mgq _vwK‡Z mveavb nB‡j wec`Kv‡j †invB cvIqv hvq| mvc n‡q Kv‡Uv Zzwg, ISv nq Sv‡ov = Dfq c‡¶i civgk©`vZv wn‡m‡e †h KcUZv K‡i|
18.
18 my‡L
_vK‡Z fy‡Z wK‡jvq = †evKvwgi Kvi‡Y Sv‡gjvq RwoZ nBqv cov| n nvwZi cuvP cv †`Lv = †m․fvM¨ M‡e© AwZkq evovevwo| nv‡Z gv‡i bv, fv‡Z gv‡i = cÖZ¨¶fv‡e †Kvb kÎæZv bv Kwiqv Aj‡¶¨ me©bvk mvab Kiv| Abyev` 01. Ill got, ill spent- cv‡ci ab cÖqwð‡Ë hvq| 02. Grasp all, lose all - †jv‡f cvc cv‡c g„Zz¨| 03. Harm watch, harm catch.- givnvZx jvL UvKv| 04. All covet, All lost . - AwZ †jv‡f ZvuwZ bó| 05. Waste not, want not,-AcPq Ki bv, Afv‡e‡Z c‡ov bv| 06. Fools praise fools- g~L©B g~‡L©i K`i K‡i| 07. Silence is half consent- bxieZvB A‡a©K m¤§wZ| 08. A friend in need is a friend indeed- wec‡`i eÜzi cwiPq| 09. After death comes the doctor.- †Pvi cvjv‡j eyw× ev‡o| 10. While in rome do as Romans do-†hLv‡b †hgb †mLv‡b †Zgb| 11. No pains, no gains.- Kó bv Ki‡j †Kó ‡g‡j bv| 12. Grapes are sour- Av½yi dj UK| 13. Man proposes, God disposes- gvbyl fv‡e GK, nq Avi GK| 14. It takes two to make a quarrel- GK nv‡Z Zvwj ev‡R bv| 15. It’s your own look out.- GUv †Zvgvi wbR¯^ e¨vcvi| 16. I am looking forward to seeing you - Avwg †Zvgvi w`‡K †P‡q AvwQ 17. Money begets money.- UvKvq UvKv Av‡b| 18. Necessity knows no law- cÖ‡qvRb †Kvb AvBb gv‡b bv| 19. Don’t Shirk School-¯‥zj cvwjI bv| 20. Life is not worth living without friendship- eÜzZ¡ Qvov Rxeb my›`i nq bv| 21. Too much courtesy too much craft- AwZ fw³ †Pv‡ii j¶Y| 22. He has gone to dogs-†m †Mvjøvq †M‡Q| 23. A stictch in line saves nine- mg‡q GK †dvo Amg‡q `k †duvo| 24. A bad workman quarrels with his tools- bvP‡Z bv Rvb‡j DVvb euvKv| 25. A to Z- m¤ú~Y©fv‡e| 26. Penny wise, pound foolish- eRª AvUzwb d¯‥v †M‡iv| 27. A cock and bull story.- Avlv‡p Mí| 28. As you sow, So you reap- †hgb Kg©, †Zgb dj| 29. Diamond Cuts Dimonds- gvwb‡K gvwbK †P‡b| 30. All is well that ends well - me fvj Zvi †kl fvj hvi 31. Cut your coat according to your cloth- Avq ey‡S e¨q Ki| 32. It is a long story- †m A‡bK K_v| 33. The lion is a beast of prey- wmsn wkKvix cï| 34. One should love one’s Country- cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB †`k‡K fvjevmv DwPZ| 35. Nero fiddles while Rome burns- KviI †c․Íl gvm KviI me©bvk| 36. Man is the best creature of Allah- gvbyl Avjøvni me‡P‡q †kªôRxe| 37. The examination is knocking at the door- cix¶v mwboeK‡U| 38. Modern Science is a blessing- AvaywbK weÁvb Avkx©ev`| 39. Health is wealth- ¯^v¯ ¨B m¤ú`| 40. Practice makes a man perfect- MvB‡Z MvB‡Z Mv‡qb| 41. Students should observe the laws of health.- QvÎ QvÎx‡`i ¯^v¯ ¨wewa †g‡b Pjv DwPZ| 42. Books are men’s best companion in life- cy¯ÍK gvby‡li DËg m½x| 43. River serves us in many ways- `x bvbv fv‡e Avgv‡`i DcKvi K‡i| 44. There is nothing nobler than forgiveness- ¶gv Kivi †P‡q gnr Avi wKQz †bB| 45. Two is Company three is none- `yR‡b eÜzZ¡ nq wZbR‡b Kjn|
19.
19 46. Don’t
built castle in the air- AvKvk Kzmyg wPšÍv Ki bv| 47. Books are a man’s best Companions in life- cy¯ÍK gvby‡li Rxe‡bi DËg m½| 48. Look before you leap- fvweqv KwiI KvR| 49. We must have plenty of exercise- Avgv‡`i Aek¨B A‡bK e¨vqvg Kiv DwPZ| 50. Industry is the root of success- cwikªg DboewZi g~j| 51. What are the demands that our freedom makes on us. - ¯^vaxbZv Avgv‡`i Dci †Kvb †Kvb `vwqZ¡ eZ©vq| 52. We should have respect for our elder- eo‡`i cÖwZ Avgv‡`i kª×v _vKv DwPZ| 53. Have patience in danger- wec‡` •ah© avib Ki| 54. There are many villages around Dhaka- XvKvi Pvicv‡k A‡bK MÖvg i‡q‡Q| 55. The rose is a very beautiful flower- †Mvjvc Lye my›`i dzj| 56. No person can be happy without friends. - eÜz e¨ZxZ †Kvb e¨w³B myLx n‡Z cv‡i bv| 57. Poverty is a great problem in our life- `vwi`ª¨ Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b GK weivU Awfkvc| 58. Man is the architect of his own life. - gvbyl Zvi wbR Rxe‡bi ¯ cwZ| 59. Honesty is the best policy- mZZvB DrK…ó cšÍ v| 60. His thirst for knowledge increased with his age - eq‡mi m‡½ m‡½ Zvi Ávb wccvmv †e‡o hvq| 61. He is out of luck - Zvi †cvov Kcvj| 62. It is raining cats and dogs - g~ljav‡i e„wó n‡ Q 63. He is good at mathematics and Science - †m A‡¼ I weÁv‡b fvj 64. He lives hand to mouth - †m w`‡b Av‡b w`‡b Lvq| 65. The Cow lives on grass - Miæ Nvm †L‡q Rxeb aviY K‡i| 66. All his geese are swans – Avcb cY¨ mK‡jB fv‡jv e‡j| 67. A man is known the company he keeps- m½ †`‡L †jvK †Pbv hvq| 68. A tree is known by its fruit- bv‡g bq K‡g© cwiPq| 69. A stich in times saves nine- mg‡qi GK †duvo Amg‡qi `k †duvo| 70. Birds of the same fether flock together- ‡Pv‡i †Pv‡i gvmZz‡Zv fvB 71. Blessing are not valued till they are gone- `uvZ _vK‡Z `uv‡Zi gh©v`v †evSv hvq bv| 72. Blood is thicker than water - i‡³i Uvb eo Uvb| 73. Black will take no other hue- Kqjv ayB‡j gqjv hvqbv| 74. Better alone than bad company- Kzm‡½ _vKvi †P‡q GKv _vKvI fv‡jv| 75. Don`t count chickens before they are hatched- Mv‡Q KuvVvj †Mv‡d †Zj| 76. Danger often comes where danger is feared- ‡hLv‡b ev‡Ni fq †mLv‡bB ivwÎ nq| 77. Faults is thick where love is thin- hv‡i †`L‡Z bvwi Zvi Pjb euvKv| 78. Good wins no bush- †Pbv evgy‡bi •cZv jv‡Mbv| 79. Great minds think alike- gnr †jv‡Kiv GKiKg wP‰Ív K‡i| 80. He is light fingured- Zvi nvZUvb Av‡Q| 81. Hunger is the best sauce- ¶zav †c‡j ev‡N avb Lvq| 82. It is lesser evil- GwU g‡‱`i fv‡jv| 83. Ill got, ill spent- cv‡ci ab cÖvqwð‡Ë hvq| 84. I am sick of flatterers- PvUzKvi‡`i Avgvi fv‡jv jv‡M bv| 85. Like father like sons- evcKv †eUv †mcvBKv †Nvov| 86. Like cure like- KuvUv w`‡q KuvUv †Zvjv| 87. Necessity knows no law- Afv‡e ¯^fve bó| 88. No smoke without fire- Kvib Qvov Kvh© nqbv| 89. Pride goeth before destruction- AwZ evo †e‡ovbv S‡o c‡o hv‡e| 90. Every dog his day- cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Rxe‡b GKvewi myw`b Av‡m| 91. Set a thief to catch o thief- KuvUv w`‡q KuvUv †Zvjv| 92. Self preservation is the first law of nature- Avcwb euvP‡j ev‡ci bvg| 93. Make hay while the sun shines- †Svc ey‡S †Kvc gviv| 94. To the pure all things are pure- Avcwb fv‡jv †Zv RMr fv‡jv| 95. The child is the father to the man- DVw‰Í gyjv cˇbB †Pbv hvq| 96. To add insult to unjury- KuvUv Nv‡q by‡bi wQUv| 97. To make a mess thing- fy‡Zi ev‡ci kªv×|
20.
20 98. To
cut of own nose to spite one`s face- wb‡Ri bvK †K‡U c‡ii hvÎv f½ Kiv| 99. Virtue thrives brst in adversity- `ytLB gvbyl‡K gnr K‡i| 100. A dowing man catches at the straw- hZ¶Y k¦vm ZZ¶Y Avk| mwÜ wbqgvbyhvqx nIqv mwܸ‡jv m¤ú‡K© c~Y© cÖ¯‧wZi Rb¨ wb‡Pi mwܸ‡jv jÿ¨ Kiæb: ¯^imwÜ Av = A+A bevb′ = be + Aboe bivag = bi + Aag wngvPj = wng + APj Ab¨vb¨ = Ab¨ + Ab¨ Acivci = Aci + Aci cÖvYvwaK = cÖvY + AwaK ¯^vaxb = ¯^ + Aaxb me©¯^v‰Í = me©¯^ + AšÍ myh©v¯Í = m~h© + A¯Í Av = A+Av wmsnvmb = wmsn + Avmb wngvjq = wng + Avjq ‡`evjq = †`e + Avjq MÖ‰ vMvi = MÖš + AvMvi ‣¯^ivPvi = •¯^i + AvPvi cvVvMvi = cvV + AvMvi iZ′vKi = iZoe + AvKi Kzkvmb = Kzk + Avmb ¯^vqZ¡ = ¯^ + AvqZ¡ Av = Av+A Z_vwc = Z_v + Awc K_vg„Z = K_v + Ag„Z AvkvZxZ = Avkv + AZxZ mxgv‰Í = mxgv + AšÍ gnvN© = gnv + AN© h_v_© = h_v + A_© AvkvwZwi³ = Avkv + AwZwi³ Av = Av+Av we`¨vjq = we`¨v + Avjq gnvkq = gnv + Avkq KvivMvi = Kviv + AvMvi ¶zavZzi = ¶zav + AvZzi m`vb‱` = m`v + Avb›` gvÎvwaK¨ = gvÎv+ AvwaK¨ G = A/Av + B/C G = A + B b‡i‱`ª = bi + B›`ª c~‡Y©‱`y = c~Y© + B›`y ‡`‡e‱`ª = †`e + B›`ª ‡¯^ Qv = ¯^ + B Qv m‡Z¨‱`ª = mZ¨ + B›`ª ï‡f Qv = ïf + B Qv G = A + C A‡c¶v = Ac + C¶v f‡ek = fe + Ck b‡ik = bi + Ck M‡Yk = Mb + Ck iv‡R¨k¦i = ivR¨ + Ck¦i `~‡M©k = `~M© + Ck G = Av + B h‡_ Qv = h_v + B Qv g‡n‱`ª = gnv + B›`ª h‡_ó = h_v + Bó im‡bw‱`ªq = imbv + Bw›`ªq G = Av + C g‡nk = gnv + Ck i‡gk = igv + Ck g‡nk¦i = gnv + Ck¦i Xv‡Kk¦ix = XvKv + Ck¦ix M‡½k¦i = M½v + Ck¦i A/Av + D/E = I I = A + D b‡ivËg = bi + DËg c‡ivcKvi = ci+DcKvi m~‡h©v`q = m~h© + D`q d‡jv`q = dj + D`q DˇivËi = DËi + DËi kx‡Zvò = kxZ + Dò R‡jv Q¡vm = Rj + D Q¡vm bx‡jvrcj = bxj + Drcj wn‡Zvc‡`k = wnZ + Dc‡`k g~‡jv‡ Q` = g~j+ D‡ Q` m‡e©v P = me© + D P `x‡N©v PviY = `xN© + D PviY cÖ‡k′vËi = cÖkoe + DËi I = A + E P‡jvwg© = Pj + Ewg© b‡evpv = be + Epv M„‡nvaŸ© = M„n + EaŸ© m‡e©vaŸ© = me© + EaŸ© G‡KvbweskwZ = GK + EbweskwZ I = Av + D g‡nvrme = gnv + Drme h‡_vwPZ = h_v + DwPZ K‡_vcK_b = K_v + DcK_b h‡_vchy³ = h_v + Dchy³ g‡nvcKvi = gnv + DcKvi g‡nv`q = gnv + D`q I = Av + E g‡nvaŸ© = gnv + EaŸ© m‡½vwg© = m½v + Ewg© g‡nvwg = gnv + Ewg© A/Av + G/H = H H = A + G G‣KK = GK + GK R‣bK = Rb + GK wn‣Zlx = wnZ + Glx m‡e©e = me© + Ge H = A + H g‣ZK¨ = gZ + HK¨ A‣bK¨ = Ab + HK¨ a‣bk¦h© = ab + Hk¦h© iv‣Rk¦h© = ivR + Hk¦h© fv‣ek¦h© = fve + Hk¦h© fv‣eK¨ = fve + HK¨ H = Av + G m‣`e = m`v + Ge Z‣_e = Z_v + Ge
21.
21 H =
Av + H iv‣Rk¦h© = ivRv + Hk¦h© g‣nk¦h© = gnv + Hk¦h© g‣nK¨ = gnv + HK¨ A/Av + I/J = J J = A + I e‡b․lwa = eb + Ilwa gvs‡m․`b = gvsm + I`b R‡j․N = Rj + IN MÖv‡g․K = MÖvg + IK R‡j․K = Rj + IK J = A + J ci‡g․la = cig + Jla wP‡Ë․`vh© = wPË + J`vh© w`‡e․la = w`e¨ + Jla J = Av + I K‡_․lwa = K_v + Ilwa g‡n․lwa = gnv + Ilwa M‡½․N = M½v + IN J = Av + J g‡n․la = gnv + Jla g‡n․`vh© = gnv + J`vh© g‡n․`vm¨ = gnv + J`vm¨ B/C + B/C = C C = B + B Kex‱`ª = Kwe + B›`ª Afxó = Awf + Bó iex‱`ª = iwe + B›`ª AZxZ = AwZ + BZ hZx‱`ª = hwZ + B›`ª wMix‱`ª = wMwi + B›`ª gy³x Qv = gyw³ + B Qv gYx‱`ª = gwY + B›`ª AZxe = AwZ + Be AZx‱`ª = AwZ + B›`ª cÖZxZ = cÖwZ + BZ C = B + C cix¶v = cwi + C¶v cÖZx¶v = cÖwZ + C¶v Aaxk¦i = Awa + Ck¦i wMixk = wMwi + Ck w¶Zxk = w¶wZ + Ck Afxáv = Awf + Cáv B = C + B my`x‱`ª = myax + B›`ª gnx‱`ª = gnx + B›`ª gnx‱`ª = gnx + B›`ª ‡hvMx‱`ª = †hvMx + B›`ª dYx‱`ª = dYx + B›`ª C = C + C j²xk = j²x + Ck c„w_exk¦i = c„w_ex + Ck¦i c„w_¡xk¦i = c„_¡x + Ck¦i Aebxk¦i = AeYx + Ck¦i c„w_¡xk = c„_¡x + Ck kªxk = kªx + Cl mZxk = mZx + Ck gnxk¦i = gnx + Ck¦i dYxk¦i = dYx + Ck¦i B/C + B/C (wfb′¯^i) = Ôh&Õ + wfb′¯^i h`¨wc = hw` + Awc AZ¨vPvi = AwZ + AvPvi BZ¨vw` = BwZ + Avw` Afy¨`q = Awf + D`q AZ¨‰Í = AwZ + AšÍ AZz¨ P = AwZ + D P cÖZz¨l = cÖwZ + Dl cÖ‡Z¨K = cÖwZ+GK Rv‣Z¨K¨ = RvwZ + HK¨ A‡Z¨vN = AwZ + IN A‡Z¨․Íla = AwZ + Jla b`¨‰Í = b`x + AšÍ b`¨vKvi = b`x + AvKvi b`y¨cwi = b`x + Dcwi b`~¨wg© = b`x + Ewg© b‡`¨vN = b`x + IN MZ¨‰Íi = MwZ + AšÍi BZ¨emi = BwZ + Aemi cÖZ¨¶ = cÖwZ + A¶ cÖZ¨n = cÖwZ + An e¨e¯ v = we + Ae¯ v cÖZ¨vkv = cÖwZ + Avkv cÖZ¨veZ©b = cÖwZ + AveZ©b e¨vwa = we + Avwa e¨vnZ = we + AvnZ e¨_© = we + A_© e¨vKzj = we + AvKzj e¨envi = we + Aenvi e¨envi = we + AÄb AZ¨vðh© = AwZ + Avðh© BZ¨vKvi = BwZ + AvKvi cÖZz¨cKvi = cÖwZ + DcKi AZz¨w³ = AwZ + Dw³ Afy¨Ìvb = Awf + DÌvb AZz¨aŸ© = AwZ + DaŸ© A‣Z¨k¦h© = AwZ + Hk¦h© b`¨¤^y = b`x + A¤^y gm¨vavi = gmx + Avavi by¨b = wb + Db AZ¨waK = AwZ + AwaK Dchy©cwi = Dcwi + Dcwi cÖZ¨vL¨vb = cÖwZ + AvL¨vb ch©v‡jvPbv= cwi + Av‡jvPbv Aa¨¶ = Awa + A¶ Av`¨‰Í = Avw` + AšÍ cÖZz¨Ëi = cÖwZ + DËi D/E + D/E = E E = D + D wea~`q = weay + D`q ga~rme = gay + Drme mva~Ëg = mvay + DËg KU~w³ = KUz + Dw³ Pviƒi = Pviæ + Di giƒ`¨vb = giæ + D`¨vb Ab~w`Z = Aby + Dw`Z m~w³ = my + Dw³ m~³ = my + D³ E = D + E jN~wg© = jNy + Ewg© en~aŸ© = eû + EaŸ© AY~aŸ© = AYy + EaŸ© ZiƒaŸ© = Ziæ + DaŸ© E = E + D ea~rme = ea~ + Drme ea~w³ = ea~ + Dw³ ea~wPZ = ea~ + DwPZ E = E + E f~aŸ© = f~ + EaŸ© mih~wg = mih~ + Ewg©
22.
22 D/E +
Ab¨¯^i = ÔiÕ + Ab¨¯^i A‰^q = Aby + Aq ¯^vMZg = my + AvMZg A‡‰^lY = AYy + GlY mvaŸxwnZ = mvay + CwnZ g‰^‰Íi = gby + AšÍi ck¦vw` = cï + Avw` gwaŸZ¨vw` = gay + BZ¨vw` eaŸvw` = ea~ + Avw` ewaŸZ¨vw` = ea~ + BZ¨vw` ck¦ag = cï + Aag ¯^í = my + Aí ck¦vPvi = cï + AvPvi Aw‰Í^Z = AYy + BZ Z‰^x = ZYy + C eaŸvjq = ea~ + Avjq eaŸvMgb = ea~ + AvMgb ck′vewj = ckoe + Avewj ¯^vMZ = my + AvMZ A‰Í^x¶v = AYy + C¶v ¸ex© = ¸iæ + C G/ + Ab¨¯^i = Ag& + Ab¨¯^i Ai& = G + Ab¨¯^i bqb = †b + Ab kqb = †k + Ab eqb = †e + Ab H + Ab¨¯^i = Avb + Ab¨¯^i bvqK = •b + AK webvqK = we‣b + AK I + Ab¨¯^i = Ae& = Ab¨¯^i feb = †fv + Ab ceb = †cv + Ab jeY = †jv + Ab Mevw` = †Mv + Avw` M‡elYv = †Mv + GlYv J + Ab¨¯^i = Ave& + Ab¨¯^i cveK = †c․ + AK bvweK = †b․ + BK fveyK = †f․ + DK kveK = †k․ + AK `ªveK = †`ª․ + AK Av + F = Ai& Ai& =A/Av + F ‡`ewl© = †`e + Fwl wngZz© = wng& + FZz gnwl© = gnv + Fwl ‡`eZvl©f = ‡`eZv + Flf mßwl© = mß + Fwl DËgY© = DËg + FY AagY© = Aag = FY ivRwl© = ivRv + Fwl A/Av + FZ = AvZ© kxZvZ© = kxZ + FZ `ytLvZ© = `ytL + FZ Z…òvZ© = Z…òv + FZ ‡kvKvZ© = †kvK + FZ fqvZ© = fq + FZ wccvmvZ© = wccvmv + FZ ¶zavZ© = ¶zav + FZ ‡e`bvZ© = †e`bv + FZ F + Ab¨¯^i = ( ª ) i-djv + Ab¨¯^i wcÎbygwZ = wcZ… + AbygwZ wcÎv‡`k = wcZ… + Av‡`k wcÎwi = wcZ… + Awi gvÎv‡`k = gvZ… + Av‡`k gvÎxk¦i = gvZ… + Ck¦i wcÎ_© = wcZ… + A_© wcwÎ Qv = wcZ… + B Qv avÎx = avZz + C wcÎyc‡`k = wcZ… + Dc‡`k wc‣Îk¦h© = wcZ… + Hk¦h© gvwÎ Qv = gvZ… + B Qv gvÎyc‡`k = gvZ… + Dc‡`k e¨vÄbmwÜ eMx©q Z…Zxq eY© (K) hw` eMx©q Z…Zxq e‡Y©i mv‡_ ¯^iaŸwbi D PviY _v‡K Z‡eÑ w`M‱` = w`K& + AšÍ evMvo¤^i = evK& + Avo¤^i evMxk = evK& + Ck RM`‰Í = RMr +AšÍ RM`xk = RMr + Ck RMw`‱`ª = RMr + B›`ª fe`yËg = fer + DËg w`wM‱`ª = w`K& + B›`ª RM`xk¦i = RMr + Ck¦i AR‰Í = AP& + AšÍ evM_© = evK& + A_© c„_Mb′ = c„_K& + Aboe evMxk¦ix = evK& + Ck¦ix cÖv‣MwZnvwmK = cÖvK& + HwZnvwmK wbR‰Í = wbP& + AšÍ AR‰Ív = AP& + AšÍv lovbb = lU& + Avbb loFZz = lU& + FZz K…`‰Í = K…r + AšÍ g„`½ = g„r + A½ m`vb‱` = mr + Avb›` m`vkq = mr + Avkq Z`‰Í = Zr + AšÍ e„n`viY¨K = e„nr + AviY¨K Z`ewa = Zr + Aewa mw` Qv = mr + B Qv m`y‡Ïk = mr + D‡Ïk mye‰Í = myc& + AšÍ m`yc‡`k = mr + Dc‡`k gn‡`․la = gnr + Jla cÖv¸³ = cÖvK& + D³ lo½ = lU& + A½ l‣ok¦h© = lU& + Hk¦h© m`_©K = mr + A_©K g„`½ = g„r + A½ kiw`‱`y = kir + B›`y AewM′ = Ac& + AwMoe AweÜb = Ac& + BÜb (L) hw` eMx©q 3q e‡Y©i mv‡_ ¯^iaŸwbi D PviY bv _v‡KÑ evM&Rvj = evK& + Rvj w`M&MR = w`K& + MR evM&`vb = evK& + `vb RM`&bv_ = RMr + bv_ FM&†e` = FK& + †e` evM&h‰¿ = evK& + hš¿ evM&`Ëv = evK& + `Ëv w`M&`k©b = w`K& + `k©b evM&aviv = evK& + aviv lo&R = lU& + R lo&`k©b = lU& + `k©b lo&av = lU& + av lo&wesk = lU& + wesk lo&fyR = lU& + fyR D`MZ = Dr + MZ D`Nvib = Dr + NvUb w`M&n¯Íx = w`K& + n¯Íx loh‰¿ = lU& + hš¿ D`&hvcb = Dr + hvcb w M&åg = w`K& + åg loiM = lU& + iM w`Måv‰Í = w`K& + åvšÍ (M) hw` eMx©q 3q e‡Y©i hy³ eY© _v‡KÑ e„n×a = e„nr + ag© Am`ªƒc = Amr + iƒc RMØÜz = RMr + eÜz gnØb = gnr + eb KzÀwUKv = Kzr + SwUKv Z`ªæc = Zr + iæc D`¨g = Dr + hg D`¨Z = Dr + hZ D‡`¨vM = Dr + †hvM w`wM¦Rq = w`K& + weRq
23.
23 RMwØL¨vZ =
RMr + weL¨vZ D ¢e = Dr + fe Dw ¢` = Dr + wf` Z ¢e = Zr + fe m ¢ve = mr + fve Aâ = Ac + R Ô QÕ hw` (P) ev` w`‡q `yB cv‡k fv½v hvqÑ j²x Qvqv = j²x + Qvqv cwi Q` = cwi + Q` e„¶Qvqv = e„¶ + Qvqv Ziæ Qvqv = Ziæ + Qvqv Av Qv`b = Av + Qv`b GK QÎ = GK + QÎ ¯^ Q‱` = ¯^ + Q›` gyL Qwe = gyL + Qwe cÖ Q` = cÖ + Q` cÖ Qvqv = cÖ + Qvqv A½‡ Q` = A½ + †Q` Av‡jvKQUv = Av‡jvK + QUv K_v Q‡j = K_v + Q‡j K_v Q‡j = K_v + Q‡j Av Qb′ = Av + Qboe wRÁvmv Q‡j= wRÁvmv + Q‡j cix¶v Q‡j = cix¶v + Q‡j cÖwZ Qwe = cÖwZ + Qwe cwi‡ Q` = cwi + †Q` we‡ Q` = we + †Q` wew Qb′ = we + wQboe Aby‡ Q` = Aby + †Q` cwi Qb′ = cwi + Qboe hw` (P) ev` w`‡q `yB cv‡k fv½v bv hvq| gn QÎ = gnr + QÎ Z Qwe = Z`& + Qwe Zw Q`ª = Z`& + wQ`ª D‡ Q` = Dr + †Q` m QvÎ = mr + QvÎ Z Qvq = Z`& + Qvq wec Qvqv = wec`& + Qvqv Dw Qb′ = Dr + wQboe ‡h mKj †¶‡Î (Q)-Gi cwie‡Z© (k) nqÑ RM QiY¨ = RMr + kiY¨ gn QKU = gnr + kKU D Q„ Lj = Dr + k„ Lj D Q¡vk = Dr + k¦vm Z Qw³ = Z`& + kw³ Pj Qw³ = Pi`& + kw³ wØZ¡ e¨Äb¸‡jvi †¶‡Î D¾¡j = Dr + R¡j fe¾©b¥ = fer + Rb¥ GZ¾j = GZ`& + Rj wec¾vj = wec¾vj RM‡¾¨vwZ = RMr + †R¨vwZ Z¾vZxq = Z`& + RvZxq m¾b = mr + Rb Z¾b¨ = Z`& + Rb¨ RM¾xeb = RMr + Rxeb hve¾xeb = hver + Rxeb Z¾vZxq = Z`& + RvZxq DÇxb = Dr + Wxb feÇg&iæ = fer + Wgiæ gnÇgiæ = gnr + Rgiæ e„njøjvU = e„nr + jjvU DwjøwLZ = Dr + wjwLZ we`y¨jøZv = we`y¨r + jZv ZwjøwLZ = Z`& + wjwLZ Djøvm = Dr + jvm D‡jøL¨ = Dr + †jL¨ D‡jøL = Dr + †jL feÏk©Y = fer + `k©Y DÆjwZ = Dr + UjwZ ZÆjwZ = Z`& + UjwZ e„nƪxKv = e„nr + UxKv enÆWKvi = e„n r + UWKvi RMb′v_ = RMr + bv_ Db′qb = Dr + bqb Db′wZ = Dr + bwZ Zwb′wgË = Z`& + wbwgË Zwb′ô = Z`& + wbô ¶zwY′e„wË = ¶za& + wbe„wË D PviY = Dr + PviY GZ PiY = GZ`& + PiY mw P‰Ív = mr + wPšÍv mw Pr = mr + wPr wecw P‰Ív = wec`& + wPšÍv wec Pq = wec`& + Pq ki P‱`ª = kir + P›`ª Pjw PÎ = Pjr + wPÎ Zw PÎ = Z`& + wPÎ hy³e‡Y©i cÖ_‡g bvwmK¨ eY© _vK‡j M‰Íe¨ = Mg& + Ze¨ M‰Ív = Mg& + Zv Avμv‰Í = Avμvg& + Z m‰Ívc = mg& + Zvc k¼v = kg& + Kv mÂq = mg& + Pq `‱`k„b = mg& + `k©b m¤§vb = mg& + gvb mb′¨vm = mg& = b¨vm wKwÂr = wKg& + wPr mÄvZ = mg& + RvZ mÂq = mg& + Rq M‰Íe¨ = Mg& + Ze¨ wK‰Í‧ = wKg& = Zz mÜvb = mg& + avb mwÜ = mg& + wa wKb′i = wKg& + bi m¤ú~Y© = mg& + c~Y© m¤cÖ`vb = mg& + cÖ`vb m‡¤^vab = mg& + †evab m¤§vb = mg& + gvb mw¤§jb = mg& + wgjb ÔsÕ _vK‡j wKsK‡ivwl= wKg& + K‡ivwl M„nsM Q = M„ng& + M Q kÎæsRwn = kÎæg& + Rwn Kósmn = Kóg& + mn msL¨v = mg& + L¨v msNUb = mg& + NUb ms‡hvM = mg& + †hvM wKsev = wKg& + ev ekse` = ekg& + e` msmvi = mg& + mvi msnvi = mg& + nvi msea©bv = mg& + ea©bv msjvc = mg& + jvc mshg = mg& + hg msivM = mg& + ivM msKí = mg& + Kí msev` = mg& + ev` ms‡kvab = mg& + †kvab ms‡hvRb = mg& + †hvRb mskßK = mg& + kßK mskq = mg& + kq msjM′ = mg& + jMoe msNvZ = mg& + NvZ msMxZ = mg& + MxZ AnsKvi = Ang& + Kvi msMVb = mg& + MVb msKxY© = mg& + KxY© wKse`w‰Í = wKg& + e`wšÍ wcÖqse`v = wcÖqg& + e`v wekse` = wekg& + e` wmsn = wmb& + n msi¶v = mg& + i¶v msNl© = mg& + Nl© msMZ = mg& + MZ msN = mg& + N mshZ = mg& + hZ mshy³ = mg& + hy³ msi¶Y = mg& + i¶Y me©smnv = me©g& + mnv msnZ = mg& + nZ ÔÌÕ-Gi †¶‡Î DÌvb = Dr + ¯ vb DwÌwZ = Dr + w¯ wZ
24.
24 ×-Gi †¶‡Î
DׄZ = Dr + üZ D×Z = Dr = nZ Zw×Z = Z`& + wnZ D×vi = Dr + nvi c×wZ = c`& + nwZ r-Gi †¶‡Î ZrKvj = Z`& + Kvj ürK¤ú = ü`& + K¤ú ürwcÐ = ü`& + wcÐ Zrci = Z`& + ci Zrmg = Z`& + mg ür¯ú‱`b = ü`& + ¯ú›`b ¶zrKvZi = ¶za& + KvZi ¶zrwccvmv = ¶za& + wccvmv ó / ô e„wó = e„l& + wZ AvK…ó = AvK…l& + Z lô = ll& + _ wemM©mwÜ ÔIÕ Kvi _vK‡j m‡`¨vRvZ = m`¨t + RvZ AKz‡Zvfq= AKzZt + fq g‡bvMvgx = gbt + Mvgx m‡`¨vN„Z = m`¨t + N„Z hrc‡ivbvw¯ = hrcit + bvw¯Í g‡bvni = gbt + ni g‡bvig = gbt + ig Z‡cveb = Zct + eb g‡bvi_ = gbt + i_ g‡bvbqb = gbt + bqb g‡bv‡hvM = gbt + †hvM m‡ivei = mit + ei m‡ivR = mit + R g‡bvR = gbt + R wZ‡ivavb = wZit + avb wZ‡ivfve = wZit + fve A‡avMwZ = Aat + MwZ g‡bvMZ = gbt + MZ e‡qv‡R¨ô = eqt + †R¨ô ·qv`k = Îqt + `k wk‡iv‡`g = wkit + †`k wk‡ivavh© = wkit + avh© g‡bvbxZ = gbt + bxZ A‡ave`b = Aat + e`b m‡ivei = mit + ei g‡bvfve = gbt + fve B‡Zvg‡a¨ = BZt + g‡a¨ m‡`¨vgy³ = m`¨t + gy³ wk‡iviZ¥ = wkit + iZoe h‡kvwjáv = hkt + wjáv h‡kvjvf = hkt + jvf cy‡ivwnZ = cyit + wnZ A‡avgyL = Aat + gyL A‡avMvgx = Aat + Mvgx A‡qvgq = Aqt + gq A‡av‡iL = Aat + †iL k/l/m-Gi hy³eY© hy³e‡Y©i ïiæ‡Z k/m/l _vK‡j ÔkÕ-Gi hy³ eY© c~Y©ð‱`ª = c~Y©t + P›`ª wbwðZ = wbt + wPZ Ziæ Qvqv = Ziæt + Qvqv `ywð‰Ív = `yt + wPšÍv wki‡ð` = wkit + †Q` wbðq = wbt + Pq `yðwiÎ = `yt + PwiÎ wbwð`ª = wbt + wQ`ª wbðj = wbt + Pj wbwð‰Í = wbt + wPšÍ wbwðý = wbt + wPý wbðzc = wbt + Pzc wb‡ðvó = wbt + †Pó wb‡ðZb = wbt + †PZb ÔmÕ-Gi hy³ eY© wZi¯‥vi = wZit + Kvi cyi¯‥vi = cyit + Kvi bg¯‥vi = bgt + Kvi ‡kªq¯‥i = †kªqt + Ki hk¯‥i = hkt + Ki gb¯‥vg = gbt + Kvg fv¯‥i = fvt + Ki evP¯úwZ = evPt + cwZ wb¯Ívi = wbt + Zvi gb¯Ívc = gbt + Zvc ‡ZR¯‥i = †ZRt + Ki Av¯ú`© = Avt + c` `y¯Íi = `yt + Zi wb‡¯ÍR = wbt + †ZR BZ¯ÍZ = BZt + ZZ Aa¯Íb = Aat + Zb Avwe®‥vi = Avwet + Kvi wb¯úwË = wbt + cwË wb®úb′ = wbt + cboe PZz‡®‥vY = PZzt + †KvY ‡ZRw¯…q = †ZRt + wμq bf¯Íj = bft + Zj ÔlÕ-Gi hy³ eY© wb®‥vi = wbt + Kvi `y®‥g© = `yt + Kg© Avwe®K…Z = Avwet + K…Z wbõj = wbt + dj ewn®K…Z = ewnt + K…Z PZz‡®‥vY = PZzt + †KvY abyó¼vi = abyt + U¼vi åvZ…®úyÎ = åvZzt + cyÎ PZz®ú` = PZzt + c` Avqy®‥vj = Avqyt + Kvj wb®úvc = wbt + cvc wb®‥vg = wbt + Kvg Avwe®‥vi = Avwet + Kvi `y®úvP¨ = `yt + cvP¨ `y®‥vh© = `yt + Kvh© wbôzi = wbt + Vyi wbôv = wbt + Vv PZzóq = PZzt + óq wbðq = wbt + Pq `ywð‰Ív = `yt + wPšÍv wbwð`ª = wbt + wQ`ª wki‡ð` = wkit + †Q` PZzóq = PZzt + Uq abyó¼vi = abyt + U¼vi wbôzi = wbt + Vyi ÔiÕ-Gi †¶‡Î cybiwc = cybt + Awc cybivMZ = cybt + AvMZ ¯^M©Z = ¯^t + MZ gvZ‡`©wn = gvZt + †`wn wba©b = wbt + ab eÜzivMZ = eÜzt + AvMZ abywe©`¨v = abyt + we`¨v cÖvZiæÌvb = cÖvZt + DÌvb A‰Íi½ = AšÍt + A½ c~be©vi = c~bt + evi wbf©q = wbt + fq wbY©q = wbt + bq wbe©vK = wbt + evK wbivc` = wbt + Avc` A‰Íh©vgx = AšÍt + hvgx cÖv`yf©ve = cÖv`yt + fve Avwef©ve = Avwet + fve ‡R¨vwZg©q = †R¨vwZt + gq `yivPvi = `yt + AvPvi `yex©wbZ = `yt + exwbZ `yj© N¨ = `yt + j N¨ wbh©vZb = wbt + hvZb wbg©j = wbt + gj A‰ÍM©Z = AšÍt + MZ A‰Ía©vb = AšÍt + avb Anwb©k = Ant + wbk Anin = Ant + An PZz`©k = PZzt + `k PZz‡`vjv = PZzt + †`vjv PZzgy©L = PZzt + gyL PZzfy©R = PZzt + fyR `ye©vi = `yt + evi
25.
25 `yw`©b =
`yt + w`b `y`©g = `yt + `g `y‡e©va = `yt + †eva wbiæ‡ØM = wbt + D‡ØM wbS©i = wbt + Si `yie¯ v = `yt + Ae¯ v `yM©wZ = `yt + MwZ `yi‰Í = `yt + AšÍ wb`©q = wbt + `q wbR©b = bt + Rb cybivq = cybt + Avq cÖvZivk = cÖvZt + Avk ewnM©Z = ewnt + MZ cybe©vi = cybt + evi A‰Í`©vn = AšÍt + `vn Avkxe©v` = Avkxt + ev` wbN©vZ = wbt + NvZ wbib′ = wbt + Aboe wbivKvi = wbt + AvKvi wbivgv = wbt + Avkv ewni½ = ewnt + A½ ewnwiw‱`ªq = ewnt + Bw›`ªq wbixn = wbt + Cn wbix¶Y = wbt + C¶vY wbiæcvq = wbt + Dcvq wbiæcgv = wbt + Dcgv `yivkv = `yt + Avkv `yiæw³ = `yt + Dw³ `yiæ Pvh© = `yt + D Pvh© `yiƒn = `yt + Dn `yivZ¥v = `yt + AvZ¥v ‡R¨vwZwiw‱`ªq = †R¨vwZt + Bw›`ªq A‰ÍivZ¥v = AšÍt + AvZ¥v A‰ÍwiZ = AšÍt + BZ A‰ÍwiZ = AšÍt + BZ A‰Íwiw‱`ªq = AšÍt + Bw›`ªq A‰Íix¶v = AšÍ + C¶v A‰Íixc = AšÍt + Cc cybivwaKvi = cybt + AwaKvicybiæÌvb = cybt + DÌvb cybiæw³ = cybt + Dw³ A‰Í‡f©`x = AšÍt + †f`x A‰Íg©vayh© = AšÍt + gvayh© A‰Íh©vgx = AšÍt + hvgx A‰Íjx©b = AšÍt + jxb `yM„Z = `yt + MZ `yN©Ubv = `yt + NUbv `yR©b = `yt + Rb ewnR©Mr = ewnt + RMr wbw`©ó = wbt + w`ó PZzw`©K = PZzt + w`K wba©viY = wbt + aviY PZza©v = PZzt + av `ywb©evi = `yt + wbevi `ye©n = `yt + en wbe©vK = wbt + evK A‰Íf~³ = AšÍt + f~³ `yf©vM¨ = `yt + fvM¨ wbg©vY = wbt + gvY ewngy©L = ewnt + gyL wbh©vZb = wbt + hvZb `y‡h©vM = `yt + †hvM wbj©¾ = wbt + j¾ `yj©f = `yt + jf A‰Íwn©Z = AšÍt + wnZ A‰ÍR©Mr = AšÍt + RMr A‰ÍÁ©vY = AšÍt + ÁvY A‰ÍR©j = AšÍt + Rj A‰Íwb©wnZ = AšÍt + wbwnZ A‰Íe©Zx = AšÍt + eZx© PZz‡`©vjv = PZzt + †`vjv PZzgy©L = PZzt + gyL PZzivbb = PZzt + Avbb PZz‡e©` = PZzt + †e` PZzwe©a = PZzt + wea ‡R¨vwZwe©` = PZzt + we` `yiwfmwÜ = `yt + AwfmwÜ `ybx©wZ = `yt + bxwZ `yM©wZ = `yt + MwZ `yM©Z = `yt + MZ `yie¯ v = `yt + Ae¯ v `yi‰Í = `yt + AšÍ `yi`„wó = `yt + `„wó `y‡Á©q = `yt + †Áq `y`©kv = `yt + `kv `y`©v‰Í = `yt + `všÍ `ye©n = `yt + en `yf©vM¨ = `yt + fvM¨ `yj©e = `yt + jf wbi¶i = wbt + A¶i wbi¼zk = wbt + A¼zk wbiciva = wbt + Aciva wbiwfgvb = wbt + Awfgvb wbij¼vi = wbt + Aj¼vi wbiæwØM′ = wbt + DwØMoe wbM©Z = wbt + MZ wbN©vZ = wbt + NvZ wbR©jv = wbt + Rjv wbRx©e = wbt + Rxe wb‡`©vl = wbt + †`vl wbe©vn = wbt + evn wb‡e©` = wbt + †e` wbY©q = wbt + bq wbfx©K = wbt + wfK wbg©vY = wbt + gvY wb‡g©vn = wbt + †gvn wbg~©j = wbt + g~j wbh©vm = wbt + hvm wbwj©ß = wbt + wjß wb‡j©vf = wbt + †jvf cybwg©jb = cybt + wgjb cybf©ve = cybt + fve cybiæ¾xweZ = cybt + D¾xweZ cybiærcwË = cybt + DrcwË cybiæ ¢e = cybt + D™¢e cybiæ×vi = cybt + D×vi cybivMZ = cybt + AvMZ cybive„wË = cybt + Ave„wË cybivMgb = cybt + AvMgb ewnivMZ = ewnt + AvMZ ewniveiY = ewnt + AveiY ewnM©Z = ewnt + MZ ewnØ©vi = ewnt + Øvi ewn©evwYR¨= ewnt + evwYR¨ ewn©f~Z = ewnt + f~Z wemM© wVK _v‡K Ggb A‰ÍtKiY = AšÍt + KiY A‰Ít‡KvY = AšÍt + †KvY A‰Ítμxov = AšÍt + μxov AatcZb = Aat + cZb A‰Ítcyi = AšÍt + cyi A‰Ítmwjjv = AšÍt + mwjjv A‰Ítkxj = AšÍt + kxj BZtc~‡e© = BZt + c~‡e© Aatμg = Aat + μg Aat‡¶c = Aat + †¶c AZtci = AZt + ci mwÜi †¶‡Î me †P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡jv wbcvZ‡b wm× mwÜ I we‡kl wbq‡g mvwaZ mwÜ| wbcvZ‡b wm× ¯^imwÜ mg~n n‡jv: Kzj + AUv = KzjUv †Mv + A¶ = Mev¶ cÖ + Ep = †c․p Ab¨ + Ab¨ = Ab¨b¨ gvZ© = AÐ = gvZ©Ð ï× + I`b = ï‡×v`b ¯^ + Ci = ‣¯^i ¯^+ CwiYx= •¯^wiYx †Mv + B›`ª = M‡e›`ª †Mv + Ck¦i = M‡ek¦i A¶ + EwnYx = A‡¶․wnYx i³ + Iô = i‡³vô mxgb + AZ = mxgšÍ kvi + A½ = kvi½ `k + FY = `k©vY we‡kl wbq‡g mvwaZ e¨Äb mwÜ mg~n Dr + ¯ vb = DÌvb mg + Kvi = ms¯‥vi| Dr + w¯ Z = DwÌZ Dr + ¯ vcb = DÌvcb| mg& + K…Z = ms¯‥…Z cwi + Kvi = cwi®‥vi|
26.
26 mg& +
K…wZ = ms¯‥…wZ cwi + K…Z = cwi®‥…Z | KZK¸‡jv mwÜ wbcvZ‡b wm× nq| †hgb- Av + Ph© = Avðh© †Mv + c` = †Mv®ú` eb + cwZ = eb¯úwZ e„nr + cwZ = e„n¯úwZ| Zr + Ki = Z¯‥i ci + ci = ci¯úi| gbm + Clv = gbxlv lU& + `k = †lvok| GK + `k = GKv`k ‡Mv+ h = Me¨ ‡b․ + h = bve¨ we¤^ + Iô = we‡¤^vô cZr + AÄwj = cZÄwj BZ¨vw`| mgvm welq wfwËK Av‡jvPbv mgv‡mi cÖwμqvq mgvme× ev mgvmwb®úboe c`wUi bvg mg¯Í c`| mg¯Í c` ev mgvme× c`wUi AšÍM©Z c`¸‡jv‡K mgm¨gvb c` e‡j| mgvmhy³ c‡`i cÖ_g Ask (kã)-†K ejv nq c~e©c` Ges cieZx© Ask (kã)-†K ejv nq DËic` ev cic`| mg¯Í c`‡K †f‡O †h evK¨vsk Kiv nq, Zvi bvg mgvmevK¨, e¨vmevK¨ ev weMÖnevK¨| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz mgv‡mi D`vniY Ø‱Ø mgvm 1. wgjbv_©K kã‡hv‡M : gv-evc, gvwm-wcwm, wR¡b-cix, Pv- we¯‥zU BZ¨vw`| 2. we‡ivav_©K kã‡hv‡M : `v-Kzgov, Awn-bKzj, ¯^M©-biK BZ¨vw`| 3. wecixZv_©K kã‡hv‡M : Avq-e¨q, Rgv-LiP, †QvU-eo, †Q‡j-ey‡ov, jvf-†jvKmvb BZ¨vw`| 4. A½evPK kã‡hv‡M : nvZ-cv, bvK-Kvb, eyK-wcV, gv_v-gyÐz, bvK-gyL BZ¨vw`| 5. msL¨vevPK kã‡hv‡M : mvZ-cuvP, bq-Qq, mvZ-m‡Zi, Ewbk-wek BZ¨vw`| 6. mgv_©K kã‡hv‡M : nvU-evRvi, Ni-`yqvi, Kj-KviLvbv, †gvjøv- †g․jwf, LvZv-cÎ BZ¨vw`| 7. AjyK Ø‱Ø : †h Ø›Ø mgv‡m †Kv‡bv mgm¨gvb c‡`i wefw³ †jvc nq bv, Zv‡K AjyK Ø›Ø e‡j| †hgb - `y‡a-fv‡Z, R‡j-¯ ‡j, †`‡k-we‡`‡k, nv‡Z-Kj‡g| 8. eûc`x Ø‱Ø : wZb ev eû c‡` Ø›Ø mgvm n‡j Zv‡K eûc`x Ø›Ø mgvm e‡j| †hgb : mv‡ne-wewe-†Mvjvg, nvZ-cv- bvK- gyL-†PvL BZ¨vw`| 9. Ab¨vb¨: Kvco-‡Pvco, †cvKv-gvKo, `qv-gvqv, aywZ-Pv`i, hv-Zv, †h-‡m, h_v-Z_v, Zzwg-Avwg, GLv‡b-†mLv‡b, †`Lv- †kvbv, hvIqv-Avmv, Pjv-†div, †`Iqv-†bIqv, ax‡i-my‡¯ , Av‡M-cv‡Q, AvKv‡i-Bw½‡Z, fvj-g›`, Kg-‡ewk, Avmj- bKj, evwK-e‡Kqv BZ¨vw`| Kg©aviq mgvm ga¨c`‡jvcx Kg©aviq wmsn wPwýZ Avmb = wmsnvmb mvwnZ¨ welqK mfv= mvwnZ¨mfv ¯§„wZ i¶v‡_© †m․a = ¯§„wZ‡m․a KuvPvwgVv = hv KuvPv ZvB wgVv bxjvKvk = bxj †h AvKvk gnvbex = gnvb †h bex gnvRb = gnvb †h Rb gnvKve¨ = gnv †h Kve¨ gnvZK© = gnv †h ZK© kvšÍ-wkó = ‡h kvšÍ †mB wkó PvjvK-PZzi = ‡h PvjvK †mB PZzi Dcgvb Kg©aviq ågiK…ò = †Kk åg‡ii b¨vq K…ò Zzlviïå = Zzlv‡ii b¨vq ïå AiæYiv½v = Aiæ‡Yi b¨vq ivOv KvRjKv‡jv = KvR‡ji b¨vq Kv‡jv Kzmyg‡Kvgj = Kzmy‡gi b¨vq †Kvgj Zzlvi-kxZj = Zzlv‡ii b¨vq kxZj `y»aej = `y‡»i b¨vq aej eRªK‡Vvi = e‡Rªi b¨vq K‡Vvi i³jvj = i‡³i b¨vq jvj DcwgZ Kg©aviq gyLP‱`ª = gyL P‡›`ªi b¨vq cyiælwmsn = cyiæl wms‡ni b¨vq PiYKgj = PiY Kg‡ji b¨vq P‱`ªgyL = gyL P‡›`ªi b¨vq Puv`e`b = Puv‡`i b¨vq e`b cyiælwmsn = cyiæl wms‡ni b¨vq dzjKzgvix = Kzgvix dz‡ji b¨vq evûjZv = evû jZvi b¨vq iƒcK Kg©aviq †μvavbj = †μva welv`wmÜz = welv` iƒc wmÜz gbgvwS = gb iƒc gvwS cÖvYcvwL = cÖvY iƒc cvwL ‡h․ebm~h© = ‡h․eb iƒc m~h© ‡μvavbj = ‡μva iƒc Abj gbgvwS = fw³ iƒc gvwS gb‡ewo = gb iƒc †ewo ‡gvnwb`ªv = ‡gvniƒc wb`ªv ‡kvKvbj = ‡kvK iƒc Abj Zrcyiæl mgvm wØZxqv Zrcyiæl mgvm `ytLcÖvß, wec`vcboe, ci‡jvKMZ Z…Zxqv Zrcyiæl mgvm gbMov, kªgjä, gaygvLv, abvX¨, G‡Kvb, we`¨vnxb, Ávbk~b¨, ¯^Y©gwÐZ, nxiKLwPZ, P›`bPwP©Z, iZoe‡kvwfZ BZ¨vw`|
27.
27 PZy_x© Zrcyiæl
mgvm ¸iæfw³, Avivg‡K`viv, emZevwo, we‡qcvMjv, QvÎvevm, WvKgvïj, †PvlKvMR, wkïg½j, gymvwdiLvbv, nR¡hvÎv, gvj¸`vg, ivboevNi, gvcKvwV, †g‡q¯‥zj, evwjKv-we`¨vjq, cvMjvMvi` BZ¨vw`| cÂgx Zrcyiæl mgvm LuvPvQvov, wejvZ‡diZ, ¯‥yjcvjv‡bv, †Rjgy³, †RjLvjvm, †euvUvLmv, AvMv‡Mvov, kvcgy³, FYgy³ BZ¨vw`| lôx Zrcyiæl mgvm PvevMvb, ivRcyÎ, †LqvNvU, QvÎmgvR, †`k‡mev, w`jxk ¦i, euv`ibvP, cvU‡¶Z, QweNi, †Nvo‡`․o, k¦ïievwo, weovjQvbv BZ¨vw`| mßgx Zrcyiæl mgvm evKcUz, †Mvjvfiv, ZvjKvbv, AKvjg„Zz¨, wek¦weL¨vZ, †fvRbcUz, `vbexi, ev·ew›`, e¯ÍvcPv, ivZKvbv, gbgiv BZ¨vw`| bT Zrcyiæl mgvm AbvPvi, Abv`i, bvwZ`xN©, bvwZLe©, Afve, †eZvj, bvgÄyi, Avjywb, bv‡Qvo, Abvev`x BZ¨vw`| Dcc` Zrcyiæl mgvm mZ¨ev`x, B›`ªwRr, †Q‡jaiv, avgvaiv, c‡KUgvi, cvZvPvUv, nvofv½v, gvwQgviv, Qvi‡cvKv, Ni‡cvov, eY©‡Pviv, MjvKvUv, cv-PvUv, cvov‡eovbx, Qv-†cvlv BZ¨vw`| AjyK Zrcyiæl mgvm K‡ji Mvb, Miæi Mvwo, gvgvi evwo, Mv‡bi Avmi BZ¨vw`| wظ mgvm wÎKvj, †P․iv¯Ív, †Zgv_v, AóavZz, PZzi½, w·gvwnbx, †Zib`x, cÂf~Z, mvZmgy`ª, kZvãx, cÂeUx, wÎdjv, cÂb`, BZ¨vw`| eûeªxwn mgvm mgvbvwaKiY eûeªxwn nZkªx, Lvk‡gRvR, üZme©¯^, D Pwki, cxZv¯^i, bxjKÉ,Rei`w¯Í, mykxj, mykªx, e`eL&Z, KgeL&Z BZ¨vw`| e¨vwaKiY eûeªxwn Avkxwel, K_vme©¯^, `y KvbKvUv, †euvUvLmv, Qv-†cvlv, cv-PvUv, cvZv‡Quov. avgvaiv BZ¨vw`| e¨wZnvi eûeªxwn nvZvnvwZ, KvbvKvwb, PyjvPzwj, KvovKvwo, MvjvMvwj, †`Lv‡`wL, †KvjvKzwj, jvVvjvwV, nvmvnvwm, ¸uZv¸wZ, NylvNywl BZ¨vw`| bT& eûeªxwn AÁvb, †e‡nW, bvPvi, wbfy©j, bvRvbv, ARvbv, bvnK, wbiæcvq, wbS©ÅvU, AeyS, A‡K‡Rv, †e-c‡ivqv, †eûuk, AbšÍ, †eZvi BZ¨vw`| ga¨c`‡jvcx eûeªxwn weovj‡PvLx, nv‡ZLwo, Mv‡q njy`, †gwbgy‡Lv, weovjv¶x, g„Mbqbv, wZwgiKzšÍjv, Aaicjøex BZ¨vw`| cÖZ¨qv‰Í eûeªxwn GK‡PvLv, Nigy‡Lv, †`vUvbv, †`vgbv, GK¸u‡q, A‡K‡Rv, GKN‡i, †`vbjv, †`vZjv, EbcuvRy‡i BZ¨vw`| AjyK eûeªxwn gv_vqcvMwo, MjvqMvgQv, nv‡Z-Qwo, Kv‡b-Kjg, Mv‡q-cov, nv‡Z- ‡ewo, gv_vq-QuvZv, gy‡L- fvZ, Kv‡b-Lv‡Uv BZ¨vw`| msL¨vePK eûeªxwn `kMwR, †P․Pvjv, PvinvwZ, †Zcvqv, †mZvi BZ¨vw`| wbcvZ‡b wm× (†Kv‡bv wbq‡gi Aax‡b bq) eûeªxwn Øxc, AšÍM©Z Ac hvi = AšÍixc, bicï, Rxeb¥„Z, cwÐZg~L© BZ¨vw`| Ae¨qxfve mgvm DcKÉ, DcK~j, cÖwZ w`b, cÖwZ ¶‡Y, Aby¶Y, wbivwgl, wbf©vebv, wbR©j, wbiærmvn, Avmgy`ªwngvPj, Avcv`g¯ÍK, Dckni, DcMÖn, Dceb, h_vixwZ, h_vmva¨, h_vwewa, h_v‡hvM¨, D‡Øj, D Q„ Lj, cÖwZK~j, Abyaveb, AvbZ, Aviw³g, DcMÖn, Dcb`x, cwic~Y©, m¤ú~Y©, c‡iv¶, cÖwcZvgn, cÖwZ Qvqv, cÖwZ Qwe, cªwZwe¤^, cÖwZc¶, cÖZzËi BZ¨vw`| cÖvw` mgvm cÖePb, cwiågY, AbyZvc, cÖfvZ, cÖMwZ BZ¨vw`| wbZ¨ mgvm MÖvgvšÍi, `k©bgvÎ, M„nvšÍi, Kvjmvc, Avgiv, weivbeŸB BZ¨vw`| aŸwb I eY© D PviY ¯ vb Abyhvqx evsjv e¨ÄbaŸwbi wefvM D PviY ¯ vb e¨ÄbaŸwbi eY©mg~n D PiY ¯ vb Abyhvqx bvg wRnŸvg~j AMÖZvjy cðvr `šÍg~j AMÖ `šÍg~j Iô K L M N O P Q R S T k h q U V W X Y l i o p Z _ ` a b j m c d e f g Kɨ ev wRnŸvg~jxq eY© Zvje¨ eY© g~a©b¨ ev cðvr `šÍg~jxq eY© `šÍ¨ eY© ev AMÖ `šÍg~jxq eY© Iô¨ eY©
28.
28 -AícÖvY I
gnvcÖvY Ges †Nvl I A‡Nvl aŸwb- D PviY ¯ vb A‡Nvl (voiceless) †Nvl (voiced) (1) AícÖvY (Unaspired) (2) gnvcÖvY (Aspired) (3) AícÖvY (Unaspired) (4) gnvcÖvY (Aspired) (5) bvwmK ¨ KÚ K L M N O Zvjy P Q R S T g~a©v U V W X Y `‰Í Z _ ` a b Iô c d e f g A‡Nvl †Nvl Zvob RvZ K¤úbRvZ cvwk¦©K D®§/wkk A‰Ít¯ K L M N bvwmK¨ O o i j k h P Q R S T p AbybvwmK l i U V W X Y civkªqx s m j Z _ ` a b s n e c d e f g t gvÎv eY© c~Y©gvÎv Aa©gvÎv gvÎvnxb ¯^ieY© 6 1 4 e¨ÄbeY© 26 7 6 ‡gvU 32 8 10 [Dc‡ii Q‡Ki welqvw` ev‡`I aŸwb eY© mg~‡ni bvg wb‡q wewfboe iKg cÖkoe n‡q _v‡K| Gm‡ei DËi †`Iqvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi msÁv¸‡jv †`‡L wbb|] ¯úk© aŸwb-K †_‡K g ch©šÍ 25wU aŸwb‡K ¯úk© aŸwb e‡j| A‡Nvl aŸwb- †h aŸwb D Pvi‡Yi AvIqv‡R Mv¤¢xh© Av‡m bv †mme aŸwb‡K A‡Nvl aŸwb e‡j| ‡hgb- K, P, U, Z, c| bvwmK¨ aŸwb-†h aŸwb D Pvi‡Yi mgq bvK w`‡q evZvm †ei nq Zv‡K bvwmK¨ aŸwb e‡j|‡hgb- O, T, Y, b, g| ZvobRvZ aŸwb-wRnev w`‡q `uv‡Zi g~‡j AvNvZ K‡i ‡h aŸwb D PviY Kiv nq Zv‡K ZvobRvZ aŸwb e‡j| o p| K¤úbRvZ aŸwb-wRnevi AMÖfvM Kw¤úZ K‡i G aŸwb D PvwiZ nq e‡j G‡K K¤úbRvZ aŸwb e‡j| i| cvwk¦©K aŸwb-†h aŸwb D Pvi‡Yi mgq wRnevi `yBcvk w`‡q evqy †ei nq Zv‡K cvwk¦©K aŸwb e‡j| j| wkk aŸwb-†h eY© D Pvi‡Yi mgq wkk †`Iqvi g‡Zv AvIqvR nq Zv‡K wkk aŸwb e‡j| k, l, m| D®§/wkk aŸwb-†h eY© D Pvi‡Yi mgq cÖPzi evZvm(D®§) e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K D®§ eY© ejv nq| k, l, m, n| A‰Ít¯ aŸwb-D Pvi‡Yi w`K †_‡K ¯úk©aŸwb I D®§aŸwbi ga¨eZ©x aŸwb‡K AšÍt¯ aŸwb e‡j| h, i, j, e| civkªqx aŸwb-†h aŸwb Ab¨ aŸwbi mvnvh¨ Qvov D PvwiZ n‡Z cv‡i bv Zv‡K civkªqx aŸwb e‡j| AbybvwmK eY©-†h eY© Zvi cieZ©x e‡Y©i D PviY‡K bvwmK¨ K‡i †mB eY©‡K AbybvwmK eY© e‡j| N„ó eY©-P,Q,R,S GB PviwU eY©‡K N„ó eY© ejv nq| wbjxb eY©- A-†K wbjxb eY© ejv nq| Kvi-¯^ie‡Y©i msw¶ß iƒc‡K Kvi e‡j| Kv‡ii msL¨v 10wU| ÔAÕ Qvov meKwU ¯^ie‡Y©i Kvi nq| djv-e¨Äbe‡Y©i msw¶ß iƒc‡K djv e‡j| djv 6wU| h_v- b, g, h, i, j, e| cyiæl I ¯¿xevPK kã K¬xe wj½evPK kã : cyiæl A_ev ¯¿x †KvbwU †evSvq bv| D`vniY- cvnvo, †Uwej, eB, MvQ, dj BZ¨vw`| Dfqwj½evPK kã : ¯¿x Ges cyiæl DfqB †evSvq| D`vniY : Wv³vi, wkíx, Kwe, cvwL, mš vb, wkï, ¸iæ, wkw¶Z BZ¨vw`| wbZ¨ ¯¿x evPK kã : Aa©vw½bx, KzjUv, weaev, mcZoex, Am~h©¤úk¨v, mZxb, Ai¶Yxqv, kuvLPzwboe, Kjw¼bx, AšÍtmË¡v, mrgv, maev, G‡qv, `vB, WvBwb BZ¨vw`| wbZ¨ cyiæl evPK kã : D`vniY- KweivR, XvKx, K…Z`vi, AK…Z`vi, ivóªcwZ, †hv×v, †mbvcwZ, `jcwZ BZ¨vw`| we‡kl wbq‡g mvwaZ cyiæl I ¯¿xevPK kã : mfvcwZ-mfv‡bÎx wk¶K-wk¶wqÎx ‡kªvZv-‡kªvÎx avZv-avÎx gnr-gnZx ¸Yevb-¸YeZx mr-mZx iƒcevb-iƒceZx kªxgvb-kªxgwZ eyw×gvb-eyw×gZx Mixqvb-Mwiqmx mgªvU-mgªvÁx ivRv-ivÁx ivRv-ivYx k¦ïi-k¦vïwo we‡`kx cyiæl I ¯¿xevPK kã : Lvb-Lvbg, gi`-‡Rbvbv, gv‡jK- gv‡jKv, gynZvwig-gynZvwigv, myjZvb-myjZvbv| KZK¸‡jv cyiælevPK k‡ãi `y‡Uv K‡i ¯¿x evPK kã i‡q‡Q: ‡`ei-bb`/Rv, fvB-‡evb/fvwe, wk¶K-wk¶wqÎx/ wk¶KcZoex, eÜz-evÜex/eÜzcZoex, `v`v-`vw`/†e․w` BZ¨vw`| BKv cÖZ¨q: ¶z‡`ª A‡_© BKv cÖZ¨q †hvM nq| ‡hgb: bvUK-bvwUKv, gvjv-gvwjKv, MxwZ-MxwZKv, cy¯ÍK-cyw¯ÍKv, GKv¼-GKvw¼Kv, G¸‡jv ¯¿x evPK cÖZ¨q bq; ¶z`ªv_©K cÖZ¨q|
29.
29 KviK KZ…©
Kvi‡Ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz D`vniY 1. Avq‡i cvwL †jR †Svjv| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 2. GK †h wQj ivRv| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 3. ‡KvwKj Wv‡K| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 4. Miæ Mvwo Uv‡b| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 5. Miæ‡Z Nvm Lvq| - KZ©vq 7gx| 6. Miæ‡Z `ya †`q| - KZ©vq 7gx| 7. Muv‡q gv‡b bv Avcwb †gvoj| - KZ©vq 7gx| 8. ¸Ynxb wPiw`b _v‡K civaxb| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 9. ‡Nvovq Mvwo Uv‡b| - KZ©vq 7gx| 10. ‡Nvov Nvm Lvq| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 11. QvM‡j Kx bv Lvq| - KZ©vq 7gx| 12. ‡Pv‡i bv ï‡b a‡g©i Kvwnbx| - KZ©vq 7gx| 13. Rj c‡o cvZv b‡o| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 14. Zvnviv dzUej †L‡j| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 15. `‡k wg‡j Kwi KvR| - KZ©vq 7gx| 16. bv g‡i cvlvY evc w`jv †nb e‡i | - KZ©vq k~b¨| 17. cvM‡j wKbv e‡j QvM‡j wKbv Lvq| - KZ©vq 7gx| 18. cvwL me K‡i ie ivwÎ †cvnvBj| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 19. cywjk †Pvi a‡i‡Q| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 20. eyjeywj‡Z avb †L‡q‡Q LvRbv w`e wK‡m| - KZ©vq 7gx| 21. ev‡N gwn‡l GK Nv‡U cvwb Lvq| - KZ©vq 7gx| 22. ‡g‡qwU gvjv Muv‡_| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 23. g~‡L© Kxbv e‡j | - KZ©vq 7gx| 24. iZ‡b iZb wP‡b| - KZ©vq 7gx| 25. ‡jv‡K Kxbv e‡j| - KZ©vq 7gx| 26. me©wk‡l¨ Ávb †`b ¸iægnvk| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 27. ¯^vaxbZvnxbZvq †K euvwP‡Z Pvq †n| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 28. ev‡N gwn‡l jovB evwa‡q‡Q| -KZ©vq 7gx| 29. †jv‡K e‡j gv‡Ni †k‡l e„wó n‡j †`‡ki Kj¨vY nq- KZ©vq 7gx| 30. eyjeywj‡Z avb ‡L‡q‡Q| -KZ©vq 7gx| 31. ivRvi n¯Í K‡i mg¯Í KvOv‡ji ab Pzwi|ÑKZ©vq k~b¨| 32. ivRvq ivRvq jovB DjyLvMovi cÖvYvšÍ|ÑKZ©vq 7gx| 33. kª×vevb j‡f Ávb A‡b¨ Kfy bq| ÑKZ©vq k~b¨| 34. cvwL me K‡i ie| ÑKZ©vq k~b¨| 35. cv‡Q †jv‡K wKQz e‡j| - KZ©vq 2qv| 36. gvbyl fv‡e GK nq Av‡iK| ÑKZ©vq 7gx| 37. ‡Nvovq Nvm Lvq| ÑKZ©vq 7gx| 38. wkïMY †`q gb wbR wbR cv‡V| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 39. gvby‡l fv‡e GK, nq Avi GK| - KZ©vq 7gx| 40. eyjeywj‡Z avb †L‡q‡Q, LvRbv w`e wK‡m?- KZ©vq 7gx| 41. ‡di‡`․mx KZ…©K kvnbvgv iwPZ n‡q‡Q|- KZ©vq 3qv| 42. ‡Zvgv Øviv G KvR n‡e bv mvab| - KZ©vq 3qv| 43. mKj‡K gwi‡Z nB‡e| - KZ©vq 2qv| 44. bvBev Zzwg G‡j| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 45. Zvnvi XvKv hvIqv `y®‥i| - KZ©vq 6ôx| 46. ‡Zvgv‡K †h‡Z n‡e | - KZ©vq 2qv| 47. ‡Zvgvi hvIqv DwPZ| - KZ©vq 6ôx| 48. Avgv n‡Z G KvR n‡e bv mvab| - KZ©vq 5gx| 49. Avgvi LvIqv n‡jv bv| - KZ©vq 6ôx| 50. Avgv‡K †h‡Z n‡e| - KZ©vq 2qv| 51. AvR‡K Avgvi hvIqv n‡e bv| - KZ©vq 6ôx| 52. ‡Kv_vI Avgvi nvwi‡q hvevi ‡bB gvbv- KZ©vq 6ôx| 53. mKj‡K GKw`b gi‡Z n‡e| - KZ©vq 3qv| 54. evRbv ev‡R | - KZ©vq k~b¨| 55. evwRj Kvnvi exYv? - KZ©vq k~b¨| 56. euvwk ev‡R| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 57. A_© Ab_© NUvq| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 58. Avcbvi †`k †Kv_vq? - KZ©vq k~b¨| 59. Avlvp gv‡m bvgj Xj| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 60. Nywo I‡o mybxj AvKv‡k| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 61. cvZv b‡o| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 62. Kvb‡b Kzmyg Kwj mKwj dzwUj| - KZ©vq k~b¨| 63. ‡mªv‡Z †b․KvwU DjUvBqv w`j| - KZ©vq 7gx| Kg© Kvi‡Ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz D`vniY 1. ‡Pvi a„Z n‡q‡Q | - K‡g© k~b¨| 2. wRÁvwme R‡b R‡b| - K‡g© 7gx| 3. wS‡K †g‡i †e․Õ†K wkLv‡bv| - K‡g© 2qv| 4. Wv³vi WvK | - K‡g© k~b¨| 5. ‡Zvgvi †`Lv †cjvg bv | - K‡g© 6ôx| 6. ‡Zvgvq †`L‡jI cvc| - K‡g© 7gx| 7. ‡avcv‡K Kvco `vI| - K‡g© 2qv| 8. cywj‡k Lei `vI| - K‡g© 7gx| 9. cywjk WvK | - K‡g© k~b¨| 10. ‡iL gv `v‡m‡i g‡b| - K‡g© 2qv| 11. wS‡K †g‡i ‡e․‡K ‡kLv‡bv| - K‡g© 2qv| 12. cvcx‡K N„Yv K‡iv bv| - K‡g© k~b¨| 13. Avwg wPwb †Mv wPwb †Zvgv‡i| - K‡g© 2qv| 14. Zvnv‡K wK †Zvgvi g‡b c‡o| - K‡g© 7gx| 15. Avgv‡i Zzwg Kwi‡e ÎvY, G b‡n †gvi cÖv_©bv- K‡g© wØZxqv | 16. †avcv‡K Kvco `vI| - K‡g© 2qv| 17. iex›`ªbv_ MxZvÄwj wj‡L‡Qb| - K‡g© k~b¨| 18. eyw× LvwU‡q KvR Ki| - K‡g© k~b¨| 19. wec‡` †hb Kwi‡Z cvwi Rq| - K‡g© 7gx| 20. cvnvo bovq mva¨ Kvi? - K‡g© k~b¨| 21. Lye VKv V‡KwQ| - K‡g© k~b¨| 22. Avgvi KziAvb cov n‡q‡Q| - K‡g© k~b¨| 23. Av‡jv PvB, Aboe PvB, PvB gy³ evqy| - K‡g© k~b¨| 24. C‡`i Puv` D‡V‡Q| - K‡g© k~b¨| 25. evwjKv gvjv Muv‡_| - K‡g© k~b¨| 26. wec‡` †hb Kwi‡Z cvwi Rq| - K‡g© 7gx|
30.
30 27. Avgvi
fvZ LvIqv nBj bv| - K‡g© k~b¨| 28. ‡m ZzwK© bvPb bvwPj | - K‡g© k~b¨| 29. ‡m Lye VKvb VKvBqv‡Q| - K‡g© k~b¨| 30. Avgvi fvZ LvIqv nBj bv| - K‡g© k~b¨| 31. K‡cvj fvwmqv †Mj `yB bq‡bi R‡j - K‡g© k~b¨| 32. ‡PvivevRvix `gb Kwi‡e ‡K? - K‡g© k~b¨| KiY Kvi‡Ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz D`vniY 1. Av¸‡b †muK `vI | - Ki‡Y 7gx| 2. G Kj‡g fvj †jLv nq| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 3. G myZvq Kvco nq bv | - Ki‡Y 7gx| 4. Kvwji `vM `vI | - Ki‡Y 6ôx| 5. ‡Q‡jiv ej †L‡j| - Ki‡Y k~b¨ | 6. R‡ji wjLb _v‡K bv| - Ki‡Y 6ôx| 7. Zvm †L‡j KZ †Q‡j cov bó K‡i| - Ki‡Y k~b¨| 8. bZzb av‡b¨ n‡e bevboe | - Ki‡Y 7gx| 9. b‡Li AvuPo w`I bv| - Ki‡Y 6ôx| 10. cvBj‡U †jLv nq fvj | - Ki‡Y 7gx| 11. dz‡j dz‡j mvwR‡q‡Q Ni| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 12. jvO‡j Rwg Pvl Kiv nq | - Ki‡Y 7gx| 13. kvK w`‡q gvQ †X‡Kv bv| - Ki‡Y 3qv| 14. ‡Q‡jiv Zvm ‡L‡j cov bó Ki‡Q| - Ki‡Y k~b¨| 15. Kvwji `vM mn‡R D‡V bv | - Ki‡Y 6ôx| 16. wkKvix weovj †Muv‡d †Pbv hvq| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 17. BU-cv_‡ii evwo eo k³ | - Ki‡Y 6ôx| 18. nv‡Z bv gvwiqv fv‡Z gvwie| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 19. ÒD`¨g wen‡b Kvi cy‡iv g‡bvi_? - Ki‡Y ïY¨| 20. wZwik eQi wfRv‡q ‡i‡LwQ `yB bq‡bi R‡j| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 21. Avgvwi †mvbvi av‡b wMqv‡Q fwi| - Ki‡Y 7gx | 22. gb w`qv Ki m‡e we`¨v DcvR©b| - Ki‡Y 3qv | 23. ki‡Z aivZj wkwk‡i Sjgj| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 24. ‡Zvgvi gwngv †hb R¡jšÍ A¶‡i †jLv|- Ki‡Y 7gx| 25. A‡_© Ab_© N‡U| - Ki‡Y 7gx | 26. Aí †kv‡K KvZi AwaK †kv‡K cv_i|- Ki‡Y 7gx| 27. G mšÍvb n‡Z `ytL `~i n‡e bv| - Ki‡Y 5gx| 28. K_vq K_v ev‡R| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 29. Kuv_vq kxZ gv‡b bv | - Ki‡Y 7gx| 30. UvKvq ev‡Ni `ya †g‡j| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 31. UvKvq wKbv nq| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 32. d‡j e„‡¶i cwiPq| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 33. eb¨vq †`k cvweZ n‡jv| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 34. eo nI wb‡Ri †Póvq| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 35. fv‡Z †cU f‡i| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 36. ‡jvKwU Kvboevq fvw½qv cwoj| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 37. ki‡Z aivZj wkwk‡i Sjgj | - Ki‡Y 7gx| 38. wkKvwi weovj ‡Muv‡d †Pbv hvq| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 39. ‡m cxovq n‡q‡Q `ye©j| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 40. ‡R¨vrmoev‡Z Av‡jvwKZ ivZ| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 41. e¨env‡i es‡ki cwiPq| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 42. eo nI ¯^xq †Póvq| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 43. e¨vqv‡g kixi fvj _v‡K| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 44. nv‡Zi •Zwi wRwbl Avgvi wcÖq| - Ki‡Y 6ôx| 45. wec‡` †m DZjv nBqv‡Q| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 46. e¨env‡iB BZi-f`ª †Pbv hvq| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 47. kªg webv abjvf nq bv| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 48. RUv‡Z Zvcm wPwb| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 49. a‡g©i Kj evZv‡m b‡o| - Ki‡Y 7gx| 50. wPi‡ivMx wK Avkvq euv‡P? - Ki‡Y 7gx| m¤cÖ`vb Kvi‡Ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz D`vniY 1. mwgwZ‡Z Puv`v `vI| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 2. mrcv‡Î Kb¨v `vb Ki| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 3. wfLvix‡K wf¶v `vI| m¤cÖ`v‡b PZz_©x| 4. me©f~‡Z ab `vI| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 5. wf¶zK‡K wf¶v `vI| m¤cÖ`v‡b 4_©x| 6. `wi`ª‡K ab `vI| m¤cÖ`v‡b 4_©x| 7. ‡Zvgvq †Kb †`Bwb Avgvi mKj k~b¨ K‡i- m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 8. ‡Zvgv‡K muwcby †gvi hvnv wKQz wcÖ‡q- m¤cÖ`v‡b 4_©x| 9. M„nnx‡b M„n w`‡j Avwg _vwK N‡i- m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 10. M„nnx‡b M„n `vI| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 11. AÜR‡b †`n Av‡jv| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 12. ¶yavZ©‡K Aboe `vI| m¤cÖ`v‡b 4_©x| 13. g„ZR‡b †`n cÖvY| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 14. Avgvq GKUz Avkªq w`b | m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 15. ¸iæR‡b Ki bwZ| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 16. ZvB w`B †`eZv‡i| m¤cÖ`v‡b 4_©x| 17. `x‡b `qv Ki | m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 18. w`e †Zvgv kª×vfw³| m¤cÖ`v‡b k~b¨| 19. me©R‡b `qv Ki| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 20. mKj Kg©dj fMev‡b Ac©Y Ki| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 21. ‡`eZvi ab †K hvq wdiv‡q j‡q| m¤cÖ`v‡b 6ôx| 22. wcÖqR‡b hvnv w`‡Z cvB, ZvB w`B †`eZv‡i| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 23. mKj Kg©dj fMev‡b Ac©Y Ki| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 24. me©wk‡l¨ Ávb †`b ¸iægnvkq| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 25. my‡Li jvwMqv G Ni euvwaby | wbwgËv‡_© 6ôx| 26. ‡ejv †h c‡o Gj Rj‡K Pj| wbwgËv‡_© 4_©x| 27. ‡`‡ki Rb¨ cÖvY `vI | wbwgËv‡_© 4_©x| 28. Rj‡K Pj| wbwgËv‡_© 4_©x| 29. Zviv Zx‡_© hvÎv Kij| m¤cÖ`v‡b 7gx| 30. my‡Li jvwMqv Ni euvwaby | m¤cÖ`v‡b 6ôx|
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