Soil formation or pedogenesis is the combined effect of human impact on the environment, physical, chemical and biological processes working on soil parent material.
Pastures, wind breaks and shelter belts in soil conservationVishnu Gopan G M
A windbreak (shelterbelt) is a planting usually made up of one or more rows of trees or shrubs planted in such a manner as to provide shelter from the wind and to protect soil from erosion. Farmers sometimes use windbreaks to keep snow drifts on farm land that will provide water when the snow melts in the spring.
Soil survey is the study and mapping of soils in their natural environment.
It is to enables, more numerous, more accurate, more useful prediction of soil for specific purpose
It is starting point of all soil research. .
Stress indices:
Reduced leaf area.
Increased leaf senescence
Stomata are closed due to loss of turgidity of gourd cells.
The flow of carbon dioxide and leaf transpiration decreases.
Photosynthesis reduces.
Reduced growth rate of plant.
Soil formation or pedogenesis is the combined effect of human impact on the environment, physical, chemical and biological processes working on soil parent material.
Pastures, wind breaks and shelter belts in soil conservationVishnu Gopan G M
A windbreak (shelterbelt) is a planting usually made up of one or more rows of trees or shrubs planted in such a manner as to provide shelter from the wind and to protect soil from erosion. Farmers sometimes use windbreaks to keep snow drifts on farm land that will provide water when the snow melts in the spring.
Soil survey is the study and mapping of soils in their natural environment.
It is to enables, more numerous, more accurate, more useful prediction of soil for specific purpose
It is starting point of all soil research. .
Stress indices:
Reduced leaf area.
Increased leaf senescence
Stomata are closed due to loss of turgidity of gourd cells.
The flow of carbon dioxide and leaf transpiration decreases.
Photosynthesis reduces.
Reduced growth rate of plant.
The Physical Properties of the Soil
Inckuding,
1. Soil Texture
2. Soil Structure
3. Soil Color
4. Soil Density
5. Soil Porosity
6. Soil Consistence
7. Soil Temperature
Introduction to soil science,
Fields of application in soil science
Soil
Function of Soil and
Major environmental issues
Scope of soil science,
Pedological and edaphological concepts,
Regulation Of Soil Organic Matter Dynamics And Microbial Activity In The Drilosphere And The Role Of Interactions With Other Edaphic Functional Domains
Let s get on to organic farming and food, which gives us a healthy and prosperous life for human,animal and soil. Live green,love green,be green,we are just mankind ...without the earth we are nothing. THanks
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
2. Concept:
► Soil as a verb it means ‘ to make dirty as in case of soiled dishes or
clothing.
► The noun soil is derived through Latin word solum,which means floor or
ground.
► Soil scientist calls SOIL,
A geologist calls FRAGMENTED ROCK,
an engineer calls EARTH,
an economist calls LAND.
► Whitney developed the concept of soil as a nutrient bin.
3. Two basic concepts of soil
► The first one soil as a natural body,
a biochemically weathered and synthesized product of nature.
► Second soil as a natural Habitat for plants and other living organisms.
► PEDOLOGY :study of origin of the soil,it’s classification and it’s description.
► EDAPHOLOGY:study of soil in relation to growth ,nutrition and yield of crops.
4. Defination of soil :
► Soil are applied solely to those suerificial horizons of rocks,that have been
more or less modified naturally by the interaction of water,air and various
kinds of organisms, either living or dead;this being reflected in a certain
manner in composition,structure and colour of such formations.where this
conditions are absent, there are no natural soils,but either ARTIFICAL
MIXTURE OF ROCKS.
-DOKUCHAEV.
► “SOIL IS A NATURAL BODY DEVELOPED BY NATURAL FORCES ACTING ON
NATURAL MATARIALS. It is usually differentiated into horizons from mineral
and organic constituents of variable depth which differ from the parent
material below in morphology,physical, chemical and biological properties.
-JOFFE AND MARBUT.
5. ► “Soil is the more or less loose and crumbly part of the outer earth crust in
which;by means of their roots, plants may or do find foot hold and
nourishment as well as all other conditions essential to their growth.
-HILLGARD.
► Soil may be defined as “A DYNAMIC NATURAL BODY on the surface of the
earth in which plants grow,composed of mineral and organic materials and
living forms.
- BUCKMAN AND BRADY.
6. soil science:
The soil science following well defined discilpines:
► SOIL FERTILITY-
- Refers to the nutrient supplying properties of the soil.
- The nutrient requirement of plants,the supply of nutrients by the
soil,ways in which nutrients are lost From the soil,and method by
which soil fertility may be restored.
► SOIL PRIDUCTIVITY-
- Is the capacity of a soil,in its natural environment,to produce crops
under a specified system of management,and is expressed in terms of
yield.
7. ► SOIL CHEMISTRY-
It is a devision of soil science concerned with the chemical
constituents,the chemical properties and the chemical
reaction of soil.it is the study of chemical composition of soil in
relation to crop needs.
► Soil physics-
soil physics is a devision of soil science that involves the
study of physical properties of soil.temprature,pressure,light etc.
8. ► Soil microbiolog-
it is a division of soil science that deals with microscopic population
of the soil,it’s role in various transformations and it’s importance
in plant nutrition,decomposition and crop production.
► Soil conservation-
it is a division of soil science dealing with the protection of soil
against physical loss by erosion or chemical deterioration or
degradation by natural or human induced factors.
It is the management of soil with the purpose of producing high
yields and at the same time,protecting it from degradation.
9. ► Pedology-
study of soil genesis,survey and classification and the law
of geographic distribution of soils as a body in nature.
pedography- description
pedogenesis- origin of soil or soil genesis.
► Soil survey-
soil survey comprises morphological examination,description
classification and mapping of soils in their natural
environment for interpretation and correlation.
10. ► Soil classification-
It is a process of logical grouping based on the properties
and characteristic of representative units of natural
bodies,viz soils.the taxonomic units are frequently
regrouped for various purposes,such as drainage
requirements,crop growth,highway construction
forestry etc.
Thank you
