This document discusses software prototyping. It defines prototyping and describes different types of prototypes like the evolutionary prototype and temporary prototype. It also discusses traditional models like the waterfall model versus iterative models. Iterative models involve getting user feedback early in the design process through activities like JAD sessions where prototypes are developed with CASE tools to generate code. The document emphasizes that each activity should be mastered before moving to the next activity and that some activities feed into others through user feedback which can help improve the work.

1. CopyrightCopyright ©© 2006 Mohammad2006 Mohammad AnasAnas Ramadan &Ramadan & AbdulrahmanAbdulrahman HajHaj OmarOmar
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Software PrototypingSoftware Prototyping
‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫إﻋﺪاد‬‫إﻋﺪاد‬::
‫رﻣﻀﺎن‬ ‫أﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬‫رﻣﻀﺎن‬ ‫أﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎج‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎج‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ‬‫واﻟﻤﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ‬
The Arab Academy of Banking an Financial SciencesThe Arab Academy of Banking an Financial Sciences

2. CopyrightCopyright ©© 2006 Mohammad2006 Mohammad AnasAnas Ramadan &Ramadan & AbdulrahmanAbdulrahman HajHaj OmarOmar
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‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى‬‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫اﻷﻧﻮاع‬‫اﻷﻧﻮاع‬
‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬
‫وﻣﺴﺎوئ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎت‬‫وﻣﺴﺎوئ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎت‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬

3. CopyrightCopyright ©© 2006 Mohammad2006 Mohammad AnasAnas Ramadan &Ramadan & AbdulrahmanAbdulrahman HajHaj OmarOmar
All rights reservedAll rights reserved
‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬......
‫اﻟﺸﻼل‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﺸﻼل‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮذج‬Waterfall ModelWaterfall Model::‫ﻟﻠﻮراء‬ ‫ﻋﻮدة‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻟﻠﻮراء‬ ‫ﻋﻮدة‬ ‫ﻻ‬!!
‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‬‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮد‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬‫اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬

4. CopyrightCopyright ©© 2006 Mohammad2006 Mohammad AnasAnas Ramadan &Ramadan & AbdulrahmanAbdulrahman HajHaj OmarOmar
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......‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
‫اﻹﻧﻬﺎء‬‫اﻹﻧﻬﺎء‬
JAD SessionJAD Session
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬RADRAD::
‫ﺟﻠﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬‫ﺟﻠﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬JADJAD::‫ﻳﻄﻮرون‬‫ﻳﻄﻮرون‬PrototypesPrototypes‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬‫ﺑـ‬‫ﺑـ‬CASE ToolsCASE Tools‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدرة‬‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدرة‬CodeCode

5. CopyrightCopyright ©© 2006 Mohammad2006 Mohammad AnasAnas Ramadan &Ramadan & AbdulrahmanAbdulrahman HajHaj OmarOmar
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‫ﻧﺸﺎط‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﻧﺸﺎط‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬””‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪم‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻬﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪم‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻬﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬““‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎت‬‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎت‬::‫ردود‬‫ردود‬‫اﻟﻤﻴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬..‫ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ‬‫ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎت‬‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎت‬‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎت‬‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎت‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬::‫واﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻀﻮع‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬‫واﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻀﻮع‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺪاﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺬاﺗﻪ‬‫اﻟﺪاﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺬاﺗﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺰﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺻﻞ‬‫اﻟﺰﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺻﻞ‬))‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬((
‫اﻟﺰﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺻﻞ‬‫اﻟﺰﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺻﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬

6. CopyrightCopyright ©© 2006 Mohammad2006 Mohammad AnasAnas Ramadan &Ramadan & AbdulrahmanAbdulrahman HajHaj OmarOmar
All rights reservedAll rights reserved
‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬::‫ﺗﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺗﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺎءت‬‫ﺟﺎءت‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻮاﺣﺪة‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻮاﺣﺪة‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫أﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫أﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬
‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﺎﺋﻦ‬‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﺎﺋﻦ‬
‫واﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬‫واﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬‫رﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬‫رﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬GUIGUI
‫إذن‬‫إذن‬....

7. CopyrightCopyright ©© 2006 Mohammad2006 Mohammad AnasAnas Ramadan &Ramadan & AbdulrahmanAbdulrahman HajHaj OmarOmar
All rights reservedAll rights reserved
‫اﻷوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬PrototypePrototype‫؟‬‫؟‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬ ‫إﺻﺪار‬‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬ ‫إﺻﺪار‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮد‬ ،‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮد‬ ،‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
FunctionsFunctions..
‫ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮذج‬‫ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮذج‬””‫وﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬‫وﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬““‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫واﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻲ‬‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫واﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻲ‬GUIGUI
‫ﺗﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬ ‫واﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬‫ﺗﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬ ‫واﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬‫رﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬‫رﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬GUIGUI
‫ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬‫ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬
))‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺮض‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺮض‬((
‫ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺠﺰء‬‫ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺠﺰء‬

8. CopyrightCopyright ©© 2006 Mohammad2006 Mohammad AnasAnas Ramadan &Ramadan & AbdulrahmanAbdulrahman HajHaj OmarOmar
All rights reservedAll rights reserved
‫أﻧﻮاع‬‫أﻧﻮاع‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻛﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻤﻞ‬‫اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻛﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺠﺰء‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫وﻳﻄﻮر‬ ،‫ﻳﺤﻔﻆ‬‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺠﺰء‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫وﻳﻄﻮر‬ ،‫ﻳﺤﻔﻆ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺮض‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎذج‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺮض‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎذج‬‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫أوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺦ‬‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫أوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺦ‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ذات‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﺿﻮﺣ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻛﺰ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ذات‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﺿﻮﺣ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬‫اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫ذات‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﺿﻮﺣ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻛﺰ‬‫ذات‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﺿﻮﺣ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻮﻳﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻛﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻛﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬
Throwaway PrototypingThrowaway Prototyping
(Rapid Prototyping)(Rapid Prototyping)
‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬
Evolutionary PrototypingEvolutionary Prototyping
(Breadboard Prototyping)(Breadboard Prototyping)
‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬

9. CopyrightCopyright ©© 2006 Mohammad2006 Mohammad AnasAnas Ramadan &Ramadan & AbdulrahmanAbdulrahman HajHaj OmarOmar
All rights reservedAll rights reserved
‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬
.1.1‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬::
‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬))‫اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼت‬‫اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼت‬‫واﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت‬‫واﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت‬.(....(...
.2.2‫اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬‫اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬::
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫واﺟﻬﺔ‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫واﺟﻬﺔ‬..
.3.3‫واﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬‫واﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬::
‫واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم‬‫واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺑﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم‬‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﻮن‬‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﻮن‬‫وإﺑﺪاء‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬‫وإﺑﺪاء‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼت‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻛﺈﺿﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼت‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻛﺈﺿﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬..
.4.4‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫وﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫وﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬::
‫ﺑﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ،‫اﻟﺮدود‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬‫ﺑﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ،‫اﻟﺮدود‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬..
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت‬ ‫إﺟﺮاء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﻨﺪ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت‬ ‫إﺟﺮاء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﻨﺪ‬))‫اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬ ‫إﻃﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬ ‫إﻃﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬((‫ﺗﻜﺮار‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻜﺮار‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮﺗﻴﻦ‬‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮﺗﻴﻦ‬33‫و‬‫و‬44..

10. CopyrightCopyright ©© 2006 Mohammad2006 Mohammad AnasAnas Ramadan &Ramadan & AbdulrahmanAbdulrahman HajHaj OmarOmar
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‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬))‫ﺗﺘﻤﺔ‬‫ﺗﺘﻤﺔ‬((
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬‫اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬‫واﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬
‫وﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬‫وﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬

11. CopyrightCopyright ©© 2006 Mohammad2006 Mohammad AnasAnas Ramadan &Ramadan & AbdulrahmanAbdulrahman HajHaj OmarOmar
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‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎت‬‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎت‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻐﺎﻣﻀﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬‫اﻟﻐﺎﻣﻀﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻐﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫اﻛﺘﺸﺎف‬‫اﻟﻤﻐﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫اﻛﺘﺸﺎف‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫وﻣﺘﺎح‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻤﻮس‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫وﻣﺘﺎح‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻤﻮس‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل‬
‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻮرﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮء‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻮرﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮء‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺺ‬‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺺ‬

12. CopyrightCopyright ©© 2006 Mohammad2006 Mohammad AnasAnas Ramadan &Ramadan & AbdulrahmanAbdulrahman HajHaj OmarOmar
All rights reservedAll rights reserved
‫ﻣﺴﺎوئ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎوئ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺠﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻼل‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮذج‬ ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻀﻞ‬‫اﻹﻧﺠﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻼل‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮذج‬ ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎرات‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎرات‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬))‫اﻟﻔﻦ‬‫اﻟﻔﻦ‬,,‫اﻟﺤﺪس‬‫اﻟﺤﺪس‬(...(...
‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻼﺣﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻫﻮر‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻼﺣﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻫﻮر‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫رﻏﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫رﻏﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬
‫ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬‫ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬

13. CopyrightCopyright ©© 2006 Mohammad2006 Mohammad AnasAnas Ramadan &Ramadan & AbdulrahmanAbdulrahman HajHaj OmarOmar
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‫ﺧﺎﺗﻤﺔ‬‫ﺧﺎﺗﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮم‬‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮم‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮم‬‫اﻷوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮم‬
‫اﻷﻧﻮاع‬‫اﻷﻧﻮاع‬
‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬
‫واﻟﻤﺴﺎوئ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﻨﺎت‬‫واﻟﻤﺴﺎوئ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﻨﺎت‬

14. CopyrightCopyright ©© 2006 Mohammad2006 Mohammad AnasAnas Ramadan &Ramadan & AbdulrahmanAbdulrahman HajHaj OmarOmar
All rights reservedAll rights reserved
‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬
1.1. WikipediaWikipedia -- Software prototypingSoftware prototyping
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_Prototypinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_Prototyping
2.2. Modern Systems Analysis And DesignModern Systems Analysis And Design
Jeffrey A.Jeffrey A. HofferHoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S., Joey F. George, Joseph S. ValacichValacich. Prentice Hall, Fourth Edition. Prentice Hall, Fourth Edition
20052005
3.3. UMLUML
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬ ،‫واﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎع‬ ،‫ﺣﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﺎدي‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪة‬‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬ ،‫واﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎع‬ ،‫ﺣﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﺎدي‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪة‬20042004
4.4. Software EngineeringSoftware Engineering
‫واﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎع‬ ،‫ﺣﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎج‬ ‫زاﻫﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬ ،‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫واﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎع‬ ،‫ﺣﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎج‬ ‫زاﻫﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬ ،‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬ ،‫ﻠﻮم‬‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬ ،‫ﻠﻮم‬20062006

15. CopyrightCopyright ©© 2006 Mohammad2006 Mohammad AnasAnas Ramadan &Ramadan & AbdulrahmanAbdulrahman HajHaj OmarOmar
All rights reservedAll rights reserved
TThanks forhanks for
LListeningistening!!