Software engineering 23 software reliability
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Software Reliability is the probability of failure-free software operation for a specified period of time in a specified environment. Software Reliability is also an important factor affecting system reliability. ... The high complexity of software is the major contributing factor of Software Reliability problems.
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Software reliability
The document discusses software reliability and reliability growth models. It defines software reliability and differentiates it from hardware reliability. It also describes some commonly used software reliability growth models like Musa's basic and logarithmic models. These models make assumptions about fault removal over time to predict how failure rates will change as testing progresses. The key challenges with models are uncertainty and accurately estimating their parameters.
Software Reliability
Software reliability is defined as the probability of failure-free operation of software over a specified time period and environment. Key factors influencing reliability include fault count, which is impacted by code size/complexity and development processes, and operational profile, which describes how users operate the system. Software reliability methodologies aim to improve dependability through fault avoidance, tolerance, removal, and forecasting, with the latter using models to predict reliability mathematically based on factors like time between failures or failure counts.
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Software reliability is defined as the probability of failure-free operation of software over a specified time period and environment. Key factors influencing reliability include fault count, which is impacted by code size/complexity and development processes, and operational profile, which describes how users operate the system. Software reliability methodologies aim to improve dependability through fault avoidance, tolerance, removal, and forecasting, with the latter using models to predict reliability mathematically based on factors like time between failures or failure counts.
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3. quality.ppt
This document discusses software quality, defining it as having three aspects: functional specification, quality specification, and resource specification. It describes factors of product operation quality, product revision quality, and product transition quality. Metrics for measuring qualities like correctness, reliability, efficiency, maintainability, and others are provided. The importance of software quality, intangibility of software, and accumulating errors are noted. Techniques to enhance quality like structured programming and cleanroom development are also summarized.
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IEEE 1633 Recommended Practices for Reliable Software
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Information and network security 47 authentication applications
Kerberos provides a centralized authentication server whose function is to authenticate users to servers and servers to users. In Kerberos Authentication server and database is used for client authentication. Kerberos runs as a third-party trusted server known as the Key Distribution Center (KDC).
Information and network security 46 digital signature algorithm
The Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) is a Federal Information Processing Standard for digital signatures, based on the mathematical concept of modular exponentiation and the discrete logarithm problem. DSA is a variant of the Schnorr and ElGamal signature schemes
Information and network security 45 digital signature standard
The Digital Signature Standard is a Federal Information Processing Standard specifying a suite of algorithms that can be used to generate digital signatures established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology in 1994
Information and network security 44 direct digital signatures
The Direct Digital Signature is only include two parties one to send message and other one to receive it. According to direct digital signature both parties trust each other and knows there public key. The message are prone to get corrupted and the sender can declines about the message sent by him any time
Information and network security 43 digital signatures
Digital signatures are the public-key primitives of message authentication. In the physical world, it is common to use handwritten signatures on handwritten or typed messages. ... Digital signature is a cryptographic value that is calculated from the data and a secret key known only by the signer
Information and network security 42 security of message authentication code
Message Authentication Requirements
Disclosure: Release of message contents to any person or process not possess- ing the appropriate cryptographic key.
Traffic analysis: Discovery of the pattern of traffic between parties. ...
Masquerade: Insertion of messages into the network from a fraudulent source
Information and network security 41 message authentication code
Message authentication aims to protect integrity, validate originator identity, and provide non-repudiation. It addresses threats like masquerading, content or sequence modification, and source/destination repudiation. A Message Authentication Code (MAC) provides assurance that a message is unaltered and from the sender by appending a cryptographic checksum to the message dependent on the key and content. The receiver can validate the MAC to verify integrity and authenticity.
Information and network security 40 sha3 secure hash algorithm
SHA-3 is the latest member of the Secure Hash Algorithm family of standards, released by NIST on August 5, 2015. Although part of the same series of standards, SHA-3 is internally different from the MD5-like structure of SHA-1 and SHA-2
Information and network security 39 secure hash algorithm
The Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) is a cryptographic hash function developed by the US National Security Agency. SHA-512 is the latest version that produces a 512-bit hash value. It processes message blocks of 1024 bits using an 80-step compression function that updates a 512-bit buffer. Each step uses a 64-bit value derived from the message and a round constant. SHA-512 supports messages up to 2^128 bits in length and adds between 1 and 1023 padding bits as needed.
Information and network security 38 birthday attacks and security of hash fun...
Birthday attack can be used in communication abusage between two or more parties. ... The mathematics behind this problem led to a well-known cryptographic attack called the birthday attack, which uses this probabilistic model to reduce the complexity of cracking a hash function
Information and network security 37 hash functions and message authentication
Message Authentication Code ... A message authentication code (MAC) is similar to a cryptographic hash, except that it is based on a secret key
Information and network security 35 the chinese remainder theorem
In number theory, the Chinese remainder theorem states that if one knows the remainders of the Euclidean division of an integer n by several integers, then one can determine uniquely the remainder of the division of n by the product of these integers, under the condition that the divisors are pairwise coprime.
Information and network security 34 primality
A primality test is an algorithm for determining whether an input number is prime. Among other fields of mathematics, it is used for cryptography. Unlike integer factorization, primality tests do not generally give prime factors, only stating whether the input number is prime or not
Information and network security 33 rsa algorithm
RSA algorithm is asymmetric cryptography algorithm. Asymmetric actually means that it works on two different keys i.e. Public Key and Private Key. As the name describes that the Public Key is given to everyone and Private key is kept private
Information and network security 32 principles of public key cryptosystems
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is an encryption scheme that uses two mathematically related, but not identical, keys - a public key and a private key. Unlike symmetric key algorithms that rely on one key to both encrypt and decrypt, each key performs a unique function.
Information and network security 31 public key cryptography
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is a cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys: public keys, and private keys. The generation of such key pairs depends on cryptographic algorithms which are based on mathematical problems termed one-way function
Information and network security 30 random numbers
Random numbers are fundamental building blocks of cryptographic systems and as such, play a key role in each of these elements. Random numbers are used to inject unpredictable or non-deterministic data into cryptographic algorithms and protocols to make the resulting data streams unrepeatable and virtually unguessable
Information and network security 29 international data encryption algorithm
International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) is a once-proprietary free and open block cipher that was once intended to replace Data Encryption Standard (DES). IDEA has been and is optionally available for use with Pretty Good Privacy (PGP). IDEA has been succeeded by the IDEA NXT algorithm
Information and network security 28 blowfish
Blowfish is a symmetric block cipher designed as a replacement for DES. It encrypts data in 64-bit blocks using a variable-length key. The algorithm uses substitution boxes and a complex key schedule to encrypt the data in multiple rounds. It is very fast, uses little memory, and is resistant to cryptanalysis due to its complex key schedule and substitution boxes.
Information and network security 27 triple des
Part of what Triple DES does is to protect against brute force attacks. The original DES symmetric encryption algorithm specified the use of 56-bit keys -- not enough, by 1999, to protect against practical brute force attacks. Triple DES specifies the use of three distinct DES keys, for a total key length of 168 bits
More from Vaibhav Khanna (20)
Information and network security 47 authentication applications
Information and network security 47 authentication applications
Information and network security 46 digital signature algorithm
Information and network security 46 digital signature algorithm
Information and network security 45 digital signature standard
Information and network security 45 digital signature standard
Information and network security 44 direct digital signatures
Information and network security 44 direct digital signatures
Information and network security 43 digital signatures
Information and network security 43 digital signatures
Information and network security 42 security of message authentication code
Information and network security 42 security of message authentication code
Information and network security 41 message authentication code
Information and network security 41 message authentication code
Information and network security 40 sha3 secure hash algorithm
Information and network security 40 sha3 secure hash algorithm
Information and network security 39 secure hash algorithm
Information and network security 39 secure hash algorithm
Information and network security 38 birthday attacks and security of hash fun...
Information and network security 38 birthday attacks and security of hash fun...
Information and network security 37 hash functions and message authentication
Information and network security 37 hash functions and message authentication
Information and network security 35 the chinese remainder theorem
Information and network security 35 the chinese remainder theorem
Information and network security 32 principles of public key cryptosystems
Information and network security 32 principles of public key cryptosystems
Information and network security 31 public key cryptography
Information and network security 31 public key cryptography
Information and network security 30 random numbers
Information and network security 30 random numbers
Information and network security 29 international data encryption algorithm
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- 1. Software Engineering: 23 Software Reliability Prof Neeraj Bhargava Vaibhav Khanna Department of Computer Science School of Engineering and Systems Sciences Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University Ajmer
- 2. Notion of Reliability • Aims at fault-free performance of software systems • Software reliability goes hand-in-hand with software verification – Input: collection of software test results – Goal: assess the validity of the software system • Targets safety-critical software
- 4. Role of Reliability in Software Engineering
- 5. Error, Fault and Failure • Error: human action that results in software containing a fault • Fault: a cause for an internal error (failure) • Failure: any observable divergence of software behavior in execution from user needs • Failure intensity: the number of failures per time unit
- 6. Error, Fault and Failure
- 7. More Basic Notions • Failure: any observable divergence of software behavior in execution from user needs • Failure intensity: the number of failures per natural or time unit. Failure intensity is a way of expressing reliability. • Availability: The probability that at a given time that a system or a capability of a system functions satisfactorily in a specified environment. • If you are given an average downtime per failure, then availability implies a kind of reliability.
- 8. Classical Definition of Reliability • Software Reliability is the probability that a system will operate without failure under given environmental conditions for a specified period of time. • We express reliability on a scale from 0 to 1: – highly reliable system will have a reliability measure close to 1, and – unreliable system will have a measure close to 0. • Reliability is measured over execution time so that it more accurately reflects system usage. • GOAL: reliability must be quantified so that we can compare software systems
- 9. Characters of Software Reliability • Failures are primarily due to design faults. – Repairs are made by modifying the design to make it robust against conditions that can trigger a failure. • There is no wear-out phenomena. – Software errors occur without warning. – “Old” code can exhibit an increasing failure rate as a function of errors induced while making upgrades. – External environment conditions do not affect software reliability. – Internal environmental conditions, such as insufficient memory or inappropriate clock speeds do affect software reliability. • Reliability is not time dependent. – Failures occur when the logic path that contains an error is executed. – Reliability growth is observed as errors are detected and corrected.
- 10. Software Reliability Modeling • A software reliability model specifies the general form of the dependence of the failure process on the principal factors that affect it: - Time, - fault introduction, - fault removal, - operational environment
- 12. Assignment • Explain the concept of software reliability and its importance. • Thank You