This document discusses the concepts of hard power and soft power in international relations. It defines hard power as the ability to influence others through coercion or military means, while soft power refers to persuasion and incentives. The document examines how the United States and European Union rely on different mixtures of hard and soft power in their foreign policies. It also presents several true or false statements about hard and soft power, ultimately concluding that while soft power is preferable, hard power is sometimes necessary to achieve international goals.

1. Soft Power vs. Hard Power Presented by: Veselka Dimitrova 26 November 2008

2. Content: Introduction Definition of power Defining Hard power Hard Power and the USA Hard Power and The EU True or False!? (5) Conclusion Sources

3. Introduction: Hard power plays an important role for international relations.

4. Definition of power: A -> B (to make B does what A wants) Coercion - (sticks) Persuasion - (carrots) Incentives Source: D.Stoyanov, 2008

5. Defining Hard power (1): Also known as “command power” “The ability to change what others do through coercion (Smith-Windsor, 2000)

6. Power:

7. Hard Power and the USA (1): USA international politics before and after September 11. Lately, US heavily relies on hard power

8. Source: Smart Power Blog, n.d

9. Source: Smart Power Blog, n.d

10. Source: Picture Potential, n.d.

11. Source: Picture Potential, n.d.

12. Hard Power and the USA (2): Hard power against terrorism – two opinions: Provocation of more terrorist attacks The only way to deal with the problem

13. Hard Power and The EU (1): Rely mainly on persuasion and incentives Results: not very convincing in some areas Ex. EU and Iran nuclear weapon program

14. Source: E.T.A.: Kern, 2007 A

15. Hard Power and The EU (2): Presently, the EU has no common military power. EU depends on the USA power: “ the idea of a single country unstrained and unrestrainable power is not welcome” (Boot, 2004) “ the soft power of Europe requires US hard power behind it to be effective ” (Kern, 2007 B)

16. True or False!? (1) Soft power is more humane that Hard power? Not necessarily?!

17. True or False!? (2) Some Goals can be achieved only by Hard power? Definitely

18. True or False!? (3) Soft power is difficult to use? Partly true. Soft power is largely independent of government control.

19. True or False!? (4) Military resources produce only hard power? Not really

20. True or False!? (5) Economic strength is Soft power? No.

21. Conclusion (1): “Diplomats from a military weak country may have trouble making their point. Those from a militarily strong country are listened to carefully” (Roskin and Berry, 2002:280)

22. Conclusion (2): Machiavelli famously said that it is more important for a prince to be feared than to be loved Soft power is not always better than hard power!

23. Thank you for your attention AND participation!

24. Sources: Boot, M. (2004, Ferbruary 25). Books of the times; Soft Power And Hard, And Perhaps Compromise. Retrieved October 21, 2008, from http:// query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res =980DE6D6143CF936A15751C0A9629C8B63&sec=& spon =& pagewanted =2 Kern, S. (2007 B, October 17). Why Europe Needs a Hard Power Reality Check. Retrieved November 1, 2008 from http://www.atlantic-community.org/index/articles/view/Why_Europe_Needs_a_Hard_Power_Reality_Check Kern, S. (2007 A, January 25). E.T.A.: The Beginning of the End? Retrieved November 1, 2008 from http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=607&language_id=1 Nossel, S. (2004). Smart Power. Retrieved October 31, 2008 from http:// www.democracyarsenal.org/SmartPowerFA.pdf Roskin, M and Berry, N. (2002). The new world of international relations, Fifth Edition. Upper Saddle, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Smith-Windsor, B. (2000). Hard power, Soft power reconsidered. Retrieved October 20, 2008, from http://209.85.135.104/search?q=cache:VyanwMprj9MJ:www.journal.forces.gc.ca/engraph/Vol1/no3/pdf/50-56_e.pdf+hard+power&hl= bg&ct = clnk&cd =6&gl= bg