Power refers to the ability to influence or control the behavior of individuals or groups. There are several types and sources of power. Political power comes from formal institutions like governments as well as informal groups. Economic power derives from the control of material resources and means of production. Ideological power maintains the existing social order through justifying ideologies. Military power is the armed forces and capabilities of a state. The document discusses definitions of power and explores the various types and sources of power including political, economic, ideological, and military power.
For Information about health and the Future healthy tips
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
For Information about health and the Future healthy tips
to read the article click links given below
https://www.healthwithkhalil.com
https://bit.ly/3nvqKgy
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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2. Main Object of Chapter
To understand
Meaning & Definitions of Power.
Nature and features of Power.
Types / kinds of Power.
3. Introduction
In social science and politics, power is the ability
to influence control the behavior of people. The term
"authority" is often used for power perceived
as legitimate by the social structure. Power can be seen
as unjust, but the exercise of power is accepted
as endemic to humans as social beings.
In business, power is often expressed as being
"upward" or "downward". With downward power, a
company's superior influences subordinates. When a
company exerts upward power, it is the subordinates
who influence the decisions of their leader or leaders
4. Power may be regarded as one of the central
concepts of political science. It is said that the
concept of power holds the same status in the
realm of political science as held by the concept of
money in the realm of economics.
It is the ability of a person to fulfill his desire or to
achieve his objectives
5. Meaning
Power, in its broadest sense, is the ability to influence
the outcome of events.
In the sense of having the ‘power, to do something.
In global politics, this includes the ability of a country
to conduct its own affairs without the interference of
other countries,
Power is usually thought of as a relationship: that is,
as the ability to influence the behaviour of others in a
manner not of their choosing, or ‘power over’ others.
It is capacity of individual to impose ones will over
the behaviour of others.
It is a ability of the person to produce intended effects
on others
6. when we say A is more powerful than B. It means
B will act according to wishes of A.
It denotes/ means the ability of a person to fulfill
his desire or to achieve his objectives.
Power is generally thought to involve bringing
about of an action by someone against the will or
desire of another.
A powerful person creates situation when you do
not have an option but to follow the wishes of the
powerful person.
It is ability to use force.
7. Definition
George Schwarzenbarger: The power is the capacity
to impose ones will on other by reliance on effective
sanctions in case of non –compliance.
Hans Morgantheau: the power of man over the
minds and actions of other men.
8. Where does power come
from?
Formal Sources
Coercive: Ability to punish, use of fear
Rewards: Control over rewards
Legitimate: Based on position
Information: Access to or control of
9. Where does power come from?
Personal Sources
Expert: Knowledge or special skills
Referent: Personal characteristics
Charisma: Personality or style
10. Concept of Power
Power - the ability to influence another person
Influence - the process of affecting the thoughts,
behavior, & feelings of another person
Authority - the right to influence another person
11. Types of Power
Political Power : It is essential to distinguish between
formal and informal organs of power .
Legislature , executive and judiciary are the
traditionally recognized organs of power in a state. It
represents formal organs . The obedience secured by
these organs , backed by sanctions. It is important
form of political power.
Executive and legislature make various laws together
such as collections of taxes, issue of licences, permits
and regulate a large variety of citizen actions.
12. Informal organs of power are Political parties, Pressure
groups, public opinion, popular movements, etc.
13. Economic Power: it is the power emanating from the
possession of material things especially the major
means of production and distribution . It is important
factor behind politics. For instance big landlords,
industrialist , businessman are able to influence public
decisions regarding the fixation of priorities in
economic development.
The possessors of economic power exercise their
influence on politics in several ways. Their pressures
groups are stronger, more organized and more vocal.
For instance , in India, the chambers of commerce and
industry are very strong, the workers union are not
strong, peasants union are less strong and consumers
organizations are the weakest lot.
14. Ideological Power: it provies a more stable base of
political power. It is promoted by ruling class in a given
society regarding the best system of government.
Ideology is a systematic set of arguments and belief
used to justify an existing or desired social order.
It provides legitimacy to the ruling classes and help
them maintain their stronghold on political power.
When the people are made to believe that a particular
system of government is the best system , they will not
oppose the authority of the ruling classes.
the people express their approval to the rule of
particular persons & policies under an ideological
spell.
15. Military power: The military, also called the armed
forces, are forces authorized to use deadly force, and
weapons, to support the interests of the state and some
or all of its citizens. The task of the military is usually
defined as defense of the state and its citizens, and the
prosecution of war against another state.
Military power may refer to: The armed forces of a
nation (in a narrow sense) or in the wider sense,
the capabilities of a group such as a fire team, squad,
etc. A great power, in a military context. Military
power (jet engines), the maximum power setting of
a military jet aircraft without the use of afterburners.