This document discusses socialization and gender socialization. It covers several key topics: 1. Socialization is the lifelong process of learning social norms and expectations through agents like family, school, peers and media. It shapes personality and how people interact. 2. Gender socialization teaches children gender roles and stereotypes from a young age through these same agents. Boys and girls are socialized differently to conform to societal expectations. 3. In Nepali society, family is the primary socialization agent teaching beliefs, behaviors, culture and respect for elders. Schools also emphasize academics and obedience. Society teaches traditions, festivals and gender roles like fathers providing and mothers nurturing.

1. Socialization and Gender
 Group- 3

2. Norms and Enculturation
 We also learn and usually adopt our
culture's norms through the socialization
process. Norms are the conceptions of
appropriate and expected behavior that are
held by most members of the society.
 While socialization refers to the general
process of acquiring culture, anthropologists
use the term enculturation for the process of
being socialized to a particular culture. You
were acculturated to your specific culture by
your parents and the other people who

3. Human Nature & Process of
Socialization
 Human infants are born without any
culture.
 They must be transformed by their parents,
teachers, and others into cultural and
socially adept animals. The general
process of acquiring culture is referred to
as socialization.
 During socialization, we learn the language
of the culture we are born into as well as
the roles we are to play in life. For
instance, girls learn how to be daughters,
sisters, friends, wives, and mothers. In
addition, they learn about the occupational

4. Importance of Socialization
Socialization is important in the process of personality
formation.
While much of human personality is the result of our genes, the
socialization process can mold it in particular directions by
encouraging specific beliefs and attitudes as well as selectively
providing experiences.
This very likely accounts for much of the difference between the
common personality types in one society in comparison to
another.
For instance, the Semai tribesmen of the central Malay
Peninsula of Malaysia typically are gentle people who do not
like violent, aggressive individuals. In fact, they avoid them
whenever possible. In contrast, the Yanomamö Indians on the
border area between Venezuela and Brazil usually train their
boys to be tough and aggressive. The ideal Yanomamö man
does not shrink from violence and strong emotions. In fact, he
seeks them out. Likewise, Shiite Muslim men of Iran are
expected at times to publicly express their religious faith through
the emotionally powerful act of self-inflicted pain.

5. Socialization in Children
Successful socialization can result in uniformity within a
society. If all children receive the same socialization, it
is likely that they will share the same beliefs and
expectations.
This fact has been a strong motivation for national
governments around the world to standardize education
and make it compulsory for all children.
Deciding what things will be taught and how they are
taught is a powerful political tool for controlling people.
Those who internalize the norms of society are less
likely to break the law or to want radical social
changes.
In all societies, however, there are individuals who do
not conform to culturally defined standards of normalcy
because they were "abnormally" socialized, which is to
say that they have not internalized the norms of
society. These people are usually labeled by their
society as deviant or even mentally ill

6. Processes of Socialization
 Rearing up: Brining Up
They may parents rear their child, the way he shall
grow and acquire qualities and traits that are result
of that way of rearing up.
 Identification
The child develops feeling of identification from
family which in term develops with him maintain of
language, way of living values etc.
 Mutual Behavior and Cooperation
When an individual comes in contact with other, got
influence by mutual corporation, the social qualities
also develop in the individual. This is another way
of developing social qualities and organizing the
social personality.

7.  Social Teaching
From family to school and peers, the child is
provided social teaching. According to Miller
Dolard, this social teaching is based on
following four elements.
Derive
Cue
Response
Record
 Perceiving a Situation
Individual at any age has to change his or her
behavior pattern according to situation. This
process of perceiving is helpful in acquiring of
social ideas.

8.  Suggestions
The child also tries to adjust himself to
social needs according to the
suggestions from others.
Generally these suggestions are
received from family, peer group, school
and other agencies of socialization.
 Reward or Punishment
If acted according to social values and
ideals have get record and punishment if
act against the interest of society.

9. Socialization
 Socialization
◦ Socialization is a lifelong process
during which we learn about social
expectations and how to interact with
other people.
 Some of the most important
socialization occurs in our childhood

10. Agents of socialization
 People or group that influence our
self-concept, emotion, attitude and
behavior
 The major agents of socialization are
◦ Family
◦ School
◦ Peers
◦ Mass Media

11. Family
 The first experience of socialization for
everyone stems from their family
 Our parents, or those who play the
parent role, are responsible for
teaching us to function and care for
ourselves.
 They also teach us about close
relationships, group life and sharing
resources
 They provide the first system of values
norms and beliefs

12. School
 It is more than just for learning new
courses but it is a haven of
socialization
 In school the major thing we learn is
socializing with new people that are
outside of our family
 In school there is a heavy focus on
respect, discipline and friendship

13. Peers
 Usually people who belong in the same age
group and same social group as you are
considered your peers. For example:
Friends, classmates, officemates etc.
 Socializing with peers mainly influences a
kids perspective on gender roles
 Gender Roles
◦ Through gender role socialization, group
members learn about sex difference, social and
cultural difference
◦ While girl and boys differ greatly there is not 1 to
1 link in sex and gender role
◦ Both gender can contain different levels of
“masculinity” or “femininity”

14. Mass Media
 Children are always learning from
media such as televisions,
smartphones etc
 Usually mass media influences
children perspectives about life and
the surrounding
 Exposes them to the outer world
without really bringing them in contact
with it

15. Nature Vs Nurture
 Nature
◦ It is the view that behavior is the innate
product of biological or genetic factor
 Nurture
◦ It is the view that behavior is the product
of environmental influence
 Interactionist Approach
◦ It is the view that both nature and nurture
work together to shape human behavior

16. Notion of Self and Other
 Self refers to one's concept of oneself,
including the perceptions one has
about one's abilities, flaws, status, and
worth.
 Other refers to the general notion that
a person has regarding the common
expectations of others within his or her
social group.

18. Role and Status
 Status is our relative social position
within a group.
 Role is the part our society expects us to
play in a given status.
 Society gives us a set of statuses and
role tags that allow people to know what
to expect from each other.
 It is common for people to have multiple
overlapping statuses and roles.
 This potentially makes social encounters
more complex.

19. Cont…
 In all societies there are 2 types of
statuses: achieved or ascribed.
 Achieved statuses are ones that are
acquired by doing something.
 Whereas, ascribed statuses are the
result of being born into a particular
family or being born male or female.
 Both of these statuses exist in all
societies.
 Some cultures choose to emphasize the
importance of one or the other.

20. Childhood Socialization
• Individuals learn skills, values, motives,
and roles appropriate to their position
or group
• Develop our personalities and learn
about society and culture
• Socialization begins in a very early
stage
• Learn how to act
• Parents as primary source of
socialization
• Following others and social norms
• Follow unwritten rules

21. Childhood Socialization in
Nepali Society
 Primary socialization- learning to
function from a very basic level
Social Agents
 Family: teaches beliefs, behaviors,
norms and culture
 Process of copying and learning

22.  Respect elders, greet guests,
speaking against them
 Authoritarian styles
 Importance of hospitality
 School: Secondary socialization
 Academic as well as socialization
 Age of 3-4
 Academic excellence is key to hard
work
 Punctuality, obedience

23.  Society: function in a large group
 Greeting people with “Namaste”
 Fathers are expected to be providers
and protectors
 Mothers are portrayed as nurtures
 Practicing various traditions, cultures
and festivals

24. Gender Socialization
• Gender socialization is the tendency for boys
and girls to be socialized differently in order to
match the expectations of the society which is
mainly influenced by family and peer groups
• It is a process by which individuals are informed
about various norms and behaviors associated
with their respected gender, usually from the
childhood itself.
• Boys are raised to follow the male gender role,
similar with girls.
• Similarly, gender socialization results is gender
stereotypes: girls and boys are expected to act in
a certain ways from birth itself; girls clean and
quiet; boys loud and messy

25. Influences of various factors in
Gender socialization
INFLUENCE OF FAMILY
 Every culture has its own guidelines about what
is appropriate for both the gender; males and
females
 Family members may socialize their babies in
gendered ways without consciously being
aware of it.
 In American society, the color pink is associated
with girls whereas the color blue with boys.
 Also, the toys that parents select for their
children are often unconsciously intended to
socialize them into appropriate gender role.
 Girls receive more dolls than boys do ,as in the
future, women are expected to be more
nurturing and sensitive than men.

26. Influence of education
 As children enter the educational system,
traditional expectations for boys and girls tend to
continue.
 Research in the past showed how most of the
teachers focused more on boys and challenged
them in subjects like math and science thinking
that they were more analytical and intelligent
than girls
 Boys were also expected to excel in fields like
computer science and engineering whereas girls
were not expected to do much in those fields.
 In sports as well boys were thought to be more
physically active than girls so therefore they
were encouraged to participate more in outdoor

27. Gender Equalization
• Gender equality, also known as sexual equality, it is
achieved when women and men enjoy the same rights
and opportunities across all sectors of society,
including economic participation and decision-making,
and when the different behaviors, aspirations and
needs of women and men are equally valued and
favored.
• Gender equality is the goal, while gender neutrality
and gender equity are practices and ways of thinking
that help in achieving the goal.
• Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right,
but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous
and sustainable world.

28. Factors affecting Gender
equality
1)Society/Family
 Children learn the gender roles from their
homes
 Preference of son over daughters
2)Workplace
 Companies especially in Argentina
prefer having men workers instead of
women workers
 In many countries there is a huge
difference between women´s and men´s
salaries

29. 3)Media Extremism
 Both men and women suffer gender
based injustice all around the world.
 Existence of people who don't want
equality.
 Media loves extremitism. Thus,
causes more extremitism causing
people to focus more on it.
 Causing victim to what you see is all
there is.

30. Conclusion
 The process of socialization starts from very birth
of child. But he lacks that essential elements of
the social life. As he grows, he molds himself
according to the needs of the society.
 At time of birth child only have “Natural Instincts”,
but later on in most make on development
according to needs of society.
 Agents of socialization are the groups of people
namely family, peers, school, and media that
teaches people specially kids how to behave and
interact with their surrounding.
 The nature versus nurture debate involves
whether human behavior is determined by the
environment, either prenatal or during a person's
life, or by a person's genes.

31.  Society naturally by their own thinking gives us
a set of status and role tags that allow people to
know what to expect or to be expected from
each other.
 Childhood socialization especially in the nepali
society follows authoritarian style where
children are believed to follow and respect their
elders from the very beginning of their
childhood.
 Men and women both should have the right to
release their emotions in a healthy way without
letting the society prevent them from doing what
they want just because the others deny it.
 Regardless of gender or race or sexual
orientation or any other superficial, arbitrary trait
- should be treated fairly, with respect, and

32. References
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socializati
on
 http://www.genderequality.ie/en/GE/Pa
ges/WhatisGE
 https://study.com/academy/lesson/age
nts-of-socialization-family-schools-
peers-and-media.html
 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/bo
undless-sociology/chapter/childhood-
socialization/