This document discusses social stratification, including its meaning, basis, and forms. Social stratification refers to the division of a society into layers based on factors like wealth, occupation, education, and ancestry. There are two main bases of stratification - biological (e.g. age, sex) and socio-cultural (e.g. wealth, skills). The two main forms are the closed stratification of the caste system and the more open stratification of the class system. A caste assigns permanent status at birth, while class status can change based on wealth, occupation, and other achieved factors. The document contrasts features of caste and class systems and their impact on factors like mobility, democracy, and social
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All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of their respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
Man is a social animal who cannot live alone. Man begins his life in group of a family. Throughout the life, man forms different groups to fulfil different needs. Every group plays an important role in shaping the personality & socialization of a person.
The Social Organisation PowerPoint presentation provides an overview of the different ways in which people come together to form groups and organisations in society. The presentation covers various types of social organisations, including formal and informal groups, as well as community-based and institutional organisations.
The presentation starts by defining social organisations and their importance in society. It then goes on to explore the different types of social organisations, highlighting their characteristics, structures, and functions. This includes exploring the roles and responsibilities of different members within social organisations, such as leaders, members, and volunteers.
The presentation also covers the benefits of social organisations, including social cohesion, support networks, and the ability to drive change within society. Additionally, it highlights some of the challenges that social organisations face, such as funding, communication, and sustainability.
Throughout the presentation, examples of different social organisations are provided, including non-profits, charities, community groups, and political organisations. The presentation concludes with a call to action, encouraging individuals to get involved in social organisations and make a positive impact in their communities.
Overall, the Social Organisation PowerPoint presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the importance, types, and benefits of social organisations in society, and serves as a useful resource for anyone interested in learning more about social organisations and their impact.
Disclaimer:
All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of their respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
Man is a social animal who cannot live alone. Man begins his life in group of a family. Throughout the life, man forms different groups to fulfil different needs. Every group plays an important role in shaping the personality & socialization of a person.
The Social Organisation PowerPoint presentation provides an overview of the different ways in which people come together to form groups and organisations in society. The presentation covers various types of social organisations, including formal and informal groups, as well as community-based and institutional organisations.
The presentation starts by defining social organisations and their importance in society. It then goes on to explore the different types of social organisations, highlighting their characteristics, structures, and functions. This includes exploring the roles and responsibilities of different members within social organisations, such as leaders, members, and volunteers.
The presentation also covers the benefits of social organisations, including social cohesion, support networks, and the ability to drive change within society. Additionally, it highlights some of the challenges that social organisations face, such as funding, communication, and sustainability.
Throughout the presentation, examples of different social organisations are provided, including non-profits, charities, community groups, and political organisations. The presentation concludes with a call to action, encouraging individuals to get involved in social organisations and make a positive impact in their communities.
Overall, the Social Organisation PowerPoint presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the importance, types, and benefits of social organisations in society, and serves as a useful resource for anyone interested in learning more about social organisations and their impact.
These are the Slides for MA (Final year) Students of the Department of Social Work, University of Peshawar.
Course Title: Social Institutions and Social System of Pakistani Society
Dr. Imran Ahmad Sajid
Rural sociology topic covering Different types of norms for social control and and different types of stratification within a society. It includes two major topics i.e. Class system and caste system, understanding their origin with various theories and their features and classification.
Emile 1
Christina Emile
Professor Magrass
SOA 356
December 9, 2019
TITLEEEEE
Introduction
Social class is a hierarchy in which groups and individuals are categorized according
to prestige and esteem developed from wealth and economic success. A social class simply
means a set of individuals with the same levels of wealth, status and influence are grouped
together. According to Karl Marx Theory of social class, what differentiates one category of
a society from another it’s the method of production. Each method of production forms a
certain class system which controls the production while the other classes are the producers
and provide service to the prevailing class.
Sociologists use three approaches to determine a social class. The approaches used
include objective, reputational, and subjective methods. The objective method is where
sociologists measure and evaluate physical facts. On the subjective method, individuals are
questioned on how they think about themselves, while on the reputational method individuals
are asked on how they think about other people. Through this approach, people are divided
into various social classes.
Emile 2
The four main social classes include the upper, middle, working and lower class.
These social classes only are classified in America. The upper class are the individuals that
have the supreme status in society. From my understanding these people are very wealthy
and have a lot of power. Some occupation of these individuals may be investors, CEOs ,
heirs and some celebrities. The middle class are individuals that are considered white collar
workers and these individuals may work in the professional setting. The working class are
the individuals of low status occupations such as manual labor, food and retail jobs, blue
collar jobs, jobs where you are in a cubicle, and even caring jobs such as home health aides.
The lower class, which is at the bottom, are individuals with low education that leads to low
status jobs which leads to low income.
According to the book Social Class and Stratification: Classic Statements and
Theoretical Debates edited by Rhonda F. Levine, she writes “When societies are complex
and service large populations, they always possess some kind of status system which, by its
own values, places people on higher or lower positions” (Levine 71). This quote stood out to
me because Levine is saying that is almost inevitable to not have a hierarchy within a society.
A system is put in place to have some kind of order within the society, so with a system
hierarchy is needed. ...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
Social Stratification.pptx
1. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
Outline of topic:-
Meaning , Definition
Basis of Social stratification
Forms of Social stratification.
Dr. A.K.Paswan
Asstt.Professor,Deptt.of
Extn.Edu.
T.C.A,Dholi(
Muzaffarpur)
2. Meaning & definitions
The term stratification is taken from the
Geology which refers to different layers of soil or
rock.
As stratum earth surface consisting of various
strata, each of which are distinguish from the
other. Similarly society consists of several layers
of certain criteria, according to which they have
been categorised.
The process by which individual and groups
are ranked in more or less enduring hierarchy
status is known as social stratification.
3. Social stratification is a horizontal division of society
into higher and lower social units- Raymand W. Murary.
Social stratification is the division of population into
two or more layers, each of which is relatively
homogeneous and between which there are differences in
privileges (opportunities), restrictions, rewards and
obligations – Lundberg (1968)
Hence it is clear from the above definition that
inequality of status or rank differentiation is the
distinguishing feature of social stratification, where there
is social stratification there is social inequality.
4. Basis of social stratification
Society can be stratified into two basis:-
1. Biological basis and
2. Socio-cultural basis
1.Biological basis :- It includes- Age, sex, birth, race, & Intelligence
ability.
2. Socio-cultural basis: On the basis of socio-cultural society divided
into following categories:-
A. Wealth: Its quantity& quality, living standard
B. Functional ability of individual i.e Education, Occupation, Skill etc.
C. Religion: The kind and degree of religion professed and practiced.
D. Ancestry: It refers to family reputation, length of residence in the
area, legitimacy, racial or ethnic background.
5. Forms of social stratification
In recent time there are two forms of social
stratification-
1. Closed stratification:- Caste system
2. Open stratification:- Class system
6. Caste
Caste:- The term ‘Caste’ was derived from the Portuguese or
Spanish word ‘casta’ meaning lineage, breed or race.
Although in India the term ‘Verna’ is used to apply caste i.e-
Bramins, Kshstriya, Vashya and Sudra.
A caste is a social category whose members are assigned
a permanent status within a given social hierarchy and whose
contacts are restricted accordingly –Lundberg.
When a class is somewhat strictly heredity we may called
it as caste – Cooley
7. Characteristics of rigid caste system:
Member of caste can not wed outside their caste.
For many caste the occupation is fixed.
Restriction for partaking of food with member of other
caste.
There are some occupied stratification among the caste
in which Bramins have been accorded the best place at
the top.
Birth determine the caste of individual for his entire life
so long as he/ she ca not extradited from it. There is no
either possible way of transmitting from one caste to
other.
8. Features of caste in India today
Restriction on food habit have been relaxed.
Caste is not very much associated with hereditary occupation.
Exogamy( Inter-caste or Inter religion marriage)
The constitution of India removed and made all cate are equal.
Caste Panchyat have either become very week.
Touchable or untouchable is not felt among literate people.
The influence of caste system is slowly decreasing.
Industrialization, Urbanisation Westernisation etc. change the
roe of caste system
9. Merit and Demerit of caste system
Merits :-
Sprit of cooperation
Define economic pursuit
Racial purity
Influence intellectual make –up
Providing for various functions
Division of labour
Demerits:-
Denies mobility of labour
Untouhabilty
Wrong man occupation
Obstacle to national unity
Obstacle to social progress
Solidarity retarded.
10. Social class system & status
Status :- basic criterion of social class.
Each particular class has its own particular social
behaviour.
It is culturally defined group that is accorded a
particular position of status whether the population as
whole.
The relative position of the class in the society arises
from the degree of prestige attached to the society.
Criteria of class distinction is based on, birth,
wealth occupation polity or of education
11. Definition of Class
The term Class means a number of individuals in
the same society whose status is similar. Social status
refers to positions of individual or group in relation to
other. As sociological concept, social status is the
difference between higher and lower.
According to Maciver a social class is any portion
of a community marked off from the rest of social status.
A social class has been defined as an abstract
category of persons arranged on levels according to social
status they posses. There are no firm lines dividing one
category from another - Rogers (1960.)
12. Function of social class
1.Simplification : In a society we deal with many
strangers all of whose characteristics we cannot
possibly know. Therefore, we resort to the
practice of classifying them and reacting to
them as member of class.
2.Motivation and coordination: The prestige
which to be accorded to them enables a class to
perform more readily the functions exploited of
its.
13. Difference between Caste and Class system
Caste System
1. Membership of caste is based
on birth
2. There is closed stratification
in, that a person can not rise
above his caste
3. Generally caste system does
hinder democracy
4. In caste system there are
comparatively more strict
restriction in marriage
5. Comparatively more social
distance
6. Caste system is rigid
7. Ascribed
Class System
1. The membership, status, standard of
living of life etc. are based on
objective facts
2. There is open stratification in class,
that a person can change his class.
3. Generally class system does not
hinder the democracy.
4. An individual has comparatively
freedom in a class
5 .Possession of valued objects
increases as caste position increases
(Comparatively less social distance)
6 . Class system is flexible
7. Achieved