The document discusses social stratification in Indian society, including the caste system, social classes, gender stratification, and religious stratification. It notes that the caste system divides Indian society into hereditary groups and discusses some negative aspects. It also outlines government initiatives to abolish untouchability and provide reservation. Regarding social classes, it discusses classifications proposed by various scholars and criteria used for distinction. It analyzes gender stratification in terms of economic, social and political opportunities and power differences between men and women. It provides data on indicators of gender bias in India. It also presents population data on major religions in India and their corresponding literacy rates.

1. KUMARI NISHA SINGH
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN INDIAN SOCIETY
CHANDIGARH GROUP OF COLLEGES B.Ed 2nd Semester

2. Caste is a hereditary social group where a person’s rank and his rights are
decided on the caste he is born into.
The caste system is the bane for the Indian society. It divides the Indian
society into sectarian groups and classes. Even today, it plays a predominant
role in our society despite the growth of culture and civilisation.
Evil faces of this system - discrimination , untouchability , division of
labour , slavery.
CASTE SYSTEM IN INDIA

3. - Constitutionally guaranteed fundamental human rights
- Abolition of ‘ untouchability ’ in 1950
- Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities)
Act , 1989
- Provision of reservation in places like educational institutions, for
employment opportunities etc.
- Establishing social welfare departments and national commissions
for the welfare of scheduled castes and tribes
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

4. SOCIAL CLASS
Social classes are economic or cultural arrangements
of groups in society.
In general "A social class consists of group of
individuals who are ranked by the members of the
community in socially superior inferior position."
According to Karl Marx and Engles, Class is based only
on economic differences.

5. Criteria of class distinctions :
Criterion of birth
Criterion of wealth
Criterion of occupation
Criterion of polity
Criterion of education

6. Warner and Lunt have given a classification comprising:
Social Classes
Upper Classes
Middle Classes Lower Classes
Upper Middle Class
Class below
Poverty Line
Lower Middle Class
Middle Class

7. The Upper Class :
The Middle Class :
Rich businessmen, industrialists, landlords, high
placed bureaucrats, politicians and professionals of
high order.
Managers, lawyers, engineers, doctors, professors
, highly placed government officer etc.
White-collared workers.
The Upper Middle Class :
Lower Middle Class :
Clerks, school teachers, small shopkeepers,
technical and wage earners etc.
5%

8. Class below Poverty Line :
Lower Class : Agricultural and industrial labourers, very
low paid employees, daily wage-earners
25%
40%
They live from hand to mouth, homeless,
illiterate, very poor.

9. The relation between social class and education
Attitude towards girl education
Attitude towards co-education
Change in curriculum according to sex
Craze for public schools
Stagnation and truancy Quality of education
Access to higher education
Teaching professions

10. Gender refers to the economic,
social, political, and cultural
attributes and opportunities
associated with being women and
men.
Gender stratification occurs
when gender differences give men
greater privilege and power over
women, transgender and gender-
non-conforming people.
Gender Stratification

11. Gender bias
INDICATOR OF GENDER BIAS IN INDIA
GENDER BIAS IS THE TENDENCY TO PREFER ONE GENDER OVER ANOTHER.
Sex Ratios 933 W for 1000 M
Literacy Rates W-59.3% as M-78.8% The adult (15+ years) literacy rate is 69.3%
Enrolment Ratios At The Elementary Stage (I to VII) Boys- 90.7% and Girls- 73.6%
Higher Education W- 40%
Disparities In Services 10% Women are in IAS, IPS etc
Representation Of Women In Key Offices
Representation Of Women In Parliament And Council Of Ministers 9%W
Education No head of NCERT, NUEPA,CBSE etc

13. Religious Stratification in India

14. Hinduism
Islam
Christianity
Sikhism
Buddhism
Jainism
Others/Religion not
specified
73.3%
68.5%
84.5%
75.4%
81.3%
94.9%
n/a
Religion in India
Population
Literacy Rate in India

15. THANK-YOU