This document discusses different types of political organizations from bands to tribes to chiefdoms and states. It defines each type and provides examples. Bands are small egalitarian groups of 30-50 people who rely on sharing and cooperation. Tribes are larger groups made up of extended families or clans that share a common language and culture. Chiefdoms have a single hereditary leader or chief and social hierarchy. States are the most complex with centralized government, exclusive control of force, and ability to create and enforce laws over a territory and people.
Social and Political Stratification Definition
Systems of Stratification
Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification
Social MObility and Social Inequality
Social and Political Stratification Definition
Systems of Stratification
Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification
Social MObility and Social Inequality
The ability to influence or outright control the behaviour of people.
Power can be seen as evil or unjust, but the exercise of power is accepted as endemic to humans as social beings.
Power as a means to make social actions possible as much as it may contain or prevent them.
Topic Report on Understanding Culture Society and Politics prepared by Group 1 under the leadership of Coleen De Leon (Hermosa National High School, Hermosa Bataan Philippines)
The onset of the Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in the economic, social, and political life of societies. Most significant of these changes was the rise of the modern nation-state
The ability to influence or outright control the behaviour of people.
Power can be seen as evil or unjust, but the exercise of power is accepted as endemic to humans as social beings.
Power as a means to make social actions possible as much as it may contain or prevent them.
Topic Report on Understanding Culture Society and Politics prepared by Group 1 under the leadership of Coleen De Leon (Hermosa National High School, Hermosa Bataan Philippines)
The onset of the Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in the economic, social, and political life of societies. Most significant of these changes was the rise of the modern nation-state
In social science and politics, power is the social production of an effect that determines the capacities, actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors. Power does not exclusively refer to the threat or use of force by one actor against another, but may also be exerted through diffuse means.
Love encompasses a range of strong and positive emotional and mental states, from the most sublime virtue or good habit, the deepest interpersonal affection, to the simplest pleasure.[1][2] An example of this range of meanings is that the love of a mother differs from the love of a spouse, which differs from the love for food. Most commonly, love refers to a feeling of a strong attraction and emotional attachment.
The word "love" can have a variety of related but distinct meanings in different contexts. Many other languages use multiple words to express some of the different concepts that in English are denoted as "love"; one example is the plurality of Greek concepts for "love" (agape, eros, philia, storge) .[14] Cultural differences in conceptualizing love thus doubly impede the establishment of a universal definition.[15]
Although the nature or essence of love is a subject of frequent debate, different aspects of the word can be clarified by determining what isn't love (antonyms of "love"). Love as a general expression of positive sentiment (a stronger form of like) is commonly contrasted with hate (or neutral apathy). As a less-sexual and more-emotionally intimate form of romantic attachment, love is commonly contrasted with lust. As an interpersonal relationship with romantic overtones, love is sometimes contrasted with friendship, although the word love is often applied to close friendships or platonic love. (Further possible ambiguities come with usages "girlfriend", "boyfriend", "just good friends").
In politics, a regime (also known as "régime", from the original French spelling) is the form of government or the set of rules, cultural or social norms, etc. that regulate the operation of a government or institution and its interactions with society.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Module 2 - Political Organization and Authority and Legitimacy.pptx
1.
2.
3. What is the
purpose of
government
?
What do you call an institution, or a
system made of a group of people that
takes care or manages a country or a
state?
4. “NAME ME”
Identify the following public officials in
the Philippine Government and their
official government positions.
Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos
Jr.
President of the Republic of the
Philippines
Sara Vicenta Duterte-Carpio
Vice President of the Republic of
the Philippines
Juan Miguel Zubiri
President of the Senate of the
Philippines
Ferdinand Martin Gomez
Romualdez
Speaker of the House of
Representatives
7. The basic social unit
found in many hunting-
and-gathering societies.
Characterized by being
kinship based and having no
permanent political structure
BAND
Most bands number is
between 30 and 50 people.
Little concept of individual
property ownership with a
high value on sharing,
cooperation, and reciprocity.
8. Little role specialization
and highly egalitarian
TERMS:
BAND
Egalitarian – all families are equal.
Band fissioning – sometimes
called band splitting and is the
result of conflict.
Social Velocity – after leaving their
band, they proceed to forming
their own group.
Leadership is informal and
authority is uncentralized.
Foraging – collecting food that is
available in nature, such as
hunting, gathering and fishing.
11. Leadership is informal and
authority is uncentralized.
Tribes are commonly
headed by a village
headman or “big man”
The position of a big man is
achieved through generosity,
eloquence, bravery, physical
fitness and supernatural
powers
TRIBE
A social group made up of
many families, clans, or
generations that share the
same language, customs, and
beliefs
12. They are also egalitarian
They are organized through
pan-tribal association
TRIBE
Pan-tribal associations often are
in the form of councils, groups of
elder men or women who are
members of the same age set,
and warrior societies.
14. Political authority is likely to
reside with a single individual,
acting alone or in conjunction
with an advisory council.
It is a more defined political
organization.
Chiefships are hereditary, and
the chief and immediate kin are
a social and political elite.
Chiefdom can be either simple
or complex.
CHIEFDOM
16. Authority of the state rests on
two important foundations:
Most formal and complex form
of political organization.
1. The state holds exclusive
right to use force and
physical coercion.
2. The state maintains authority
by means of ideology.
Has a centralized government
with the power to collect taxes,
draft men to work or war, and
decree, and enforce laws
STATE
17. State is a political concept,
whereas Nation is a cultural
concept.
It has 4 elements: People,
Territory, Government,
Sovereignty
STATE
18.
19. Let’s first unlock these words…
• It is the right to command.
• It is more than power.
• It is exercised for common goals and
objectives.
• It is always LEGITIMATE.
• It is a value whereby something or
someone is recognized and accepted
as right and proper.
• It gives form to authority.
What makes AUTHORITY binding
and worthy of obedience is its
LEGITIMACY.
Therefore…
21. It is when a person or
organization has power or
influence derived from long-
standing customs, beliefs, or
traditions.
TRADITIONAL
AUTHORITY
It is believed that tradition is
the basis on who should rule
and how.
A good example of a
traditional authority system
would be a monarchy, the
patriarchy, religion, and caste
systems.
A good example of a
traditional authority system
would be a monarchy, the
patriarchy, religion, and caste
systems.
23. 1. Simple transfer of power
2. Makes it clear who has
authority
3. Supports the continuation
of culture and tradition
TRADITIONAL
AUTHORITY
CONS:
1. Difficult to dismantle
2. Lack of Qualifications
3. Potentially restrictive
25. A type of authority
legitimated by perceived
extraordinary characteristics
that inspires devotion and
obedience from followers
The leader uses his or her
communication skills,
persuasiveness, and charm
to influence others.
CHARISMATIC
AUTHORITY
27. 1. creates an emotional
appeal/connection
2. create a positive impact
on society
3. gives people a chance
to think differently.
CHARISMATIC
AUTHORITY
28. CONS:
1. dependent upon the
energy levels of the leader
2. prevents new learning
opportunities from
occurring
3. It can be used for selfish
ambition.
CHARISMATIC
AUTHORITY
30. A type of authority which
depends for its legitimacy or
formal ruler and established
laws of state, which are
usually written and often are
complex.
Authority is derived from
rules and laws
LEGAL-RATIONAL
(Bureaucratic)
Rules are written in
constitutions or charters.
Government official are the
best example of this form of
authority.
31. 1. Division of Labor
2. Often leads to efficient
governance
3. People can exercise
their right to choose a
leader through election
LEGAL-RATIONAL
(Bureaucratic)
Traditional authority is a form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a regime is largely tied to tradition or custom. The main reason for the given state of affairs is that "things have always been that way“
Most governments throughout history have led according to this form of authority. In this form of domination, subordinates accept the type of authority. They refrain from challenging the traditional rights of a powerful group or individual.
Traditional authority is a form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a regime is largely tied to tradition or custom. The main reason for the given state of affairs is that "things have always been that way“
Most governments throughout history have led according to this form of authority. In this form of domination, subordinates accept the type of authority. They refrain from challenging the traditional rights of a powerful group or individual.
Traditional authority is a form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a regime is largely tied to tradition or custom. The main reason for the given state of affairs is that "things have always been that way“
Most governments throughout history have led according to this form of authority. In this form of domination, subordinates accept the type of authority. They refrain from challenging the traditional rights of a powerful group or individual.
Traditional authority is a form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a regime is largely tied to tradition or custom. The main reason for the given state of affairs is that "things have always been that way“
Most governments throughout history have led according to this form of authority. In this form of domination, subordinates accept the type of authority. They refrain from challenging the traditional rights of a powerful group or individual.
Traditional authority is a form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a regime is largely tied to tradition or custom. The main reason for the given state of affairs is that "things have always been that way“
Most governments throughout history have led according to this form of authority. In this form of domination, subordinates accept the type of authority. They refrain from challenging the traditional rights of a powerful group or individual.
Traditional authority is a form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a regime is largely tied to tradition or custom. The main reason for the given state of affairs is that "things have always been that way“
Most governments throughout history have led according to this form of authority. In this form of domination, subordinates accept the type of authority. They refrain from challenging the traditional rights of a powerful group or individual.
Officials are elected by voters/people, rules are in the constitution, and policies are written in a formal document
Traditional authority is a form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a regime is largely tied to tradition or custom. The main reason for the given state of affairs is that "things have always been that way“
Most governments throughout history have led according to this form of authority. In this form of domination, subordinates accept the type of authority. They refrain from challenging the traditional rights of a powerful group or individual.
Corruption – the corruption in higher ranks can be very disastrous to the economy. What’s more is that it comes in many different forms.
Nepotism – the person on top may favor their own people and help them rise quicker than more deserving individuals
3. Workers form top of the chain of command to the bottom are considered equal members of the team, but they do not get paid the same wages and salaries