This document discusses several concepts related to social influence and behavior: the social learning perspective whereby individuals learn behaviors by observing others; Cialdini's principles of social proof and scarcity; social and cultural perspectives on behavior; confirmation bias where people only pay attention to information supporting their beliefs; self-fulfilling prophecies where predictions cause themselves to be true; and upward and downward counterfactual thinking related to imagining different outcomes of past events. Examples are provided to illustrate each concept.