The document discusses several key social institutions - the family, education, religion, economic institutions, and government. It provides definitions and characteristics of each institution, as well as their main functions in society. For example, it states that the family's primary function is to socialize children and ensure the reproduction of society. Education transmits culture and skills while also socializing individuals. Religion meets spiritual needs and provides meaning, while economic institutions are central to production and government establishes social order through rule-making and enforcement.

1. The Social Institution
MODULE 5:

2. Social Institution
Are social structures and mechanisms of social
order and cooperation that govern the
behavior of its members.
Is a group of social positions, connected by
social relations, performing a social role.
Can also be define as any institution in a
society that works to socialize the groups of
people in it.

3. Social Institution
According to function theorist, social institution
performs five (5) tasks namely:
- Replacing members or procreation
- Teaching new members
- Producing, distributing and consuming goods and
services;
- Preserving order
- Providing and maintaining a sense of purpose

4. Social Institution
It is a major sphere of social life organized to meet
some human needs.
Common examples include:
- Universities
- Governments
- Families
- Any people or group that have social interaction
with.

5. Characteristics and functions of an
institution:
 Palispis (1996)
 Pointed out the following characteristics
and functions of an institution. They are:
1.Institutions are purposive
 Each of them has the satisfaction of social
needs as its own goal and/or objectives

6. Characteristics and functions of an
institution:
2. They are relatively permanent in their
content.
• The pattern roles and relations that people
enact in a particular culture become
traditional and enduring.
3. Institutions are structured:
• The components tend to bend together and
reinforce one another.

7. Characteristics and functions of an
institution:
4. Institutions are a unified structure.
 They function as a unit
 Institution depends to one another.
5. Institution are necessarily value-laten
 Their repeated uniformities, patterns and
trends become codes of conduct.

8. Characteristics and functions of an
institution:
 Institution is a relatively permanent
structure of social patterns, roles and
relations that people enact in certain
sanctioned and unified ways for the
purpose of satisfying basic social needs.

9. Institutions have various functions as
follows:
1. Institution simplifies social behavior for the individual person.
2. Institution, therefore provide ready-make forms of social relations
and social roles for the individual.
3. Institutions also act as agencies of coordination and stability for
the total culture.
4. Institution tends to control behavior. They contain the systematic
expectations of the society.
- Social institutions can take many forms, depending on a social
context. It may be a family, business, educational or political
institution.

10. The Family
I.

11. Family
 Is the smallest social institution with the
unique function of producing and rearing
the young. It is the basic unit of Philippine
society and the educational system where
the child begins to learn his ABC

12. Characteristics of a Filipino family
 The family is closely knit and has strong family ties. The members
have the tendency to cling together in their activities and feelings.
There is a strong loyalty among them not usually found in Western
families. The interests of the individual are often sacrificed for the
welfare of the group.
 The Filipino family is usually an extended one and, therefore, big.
The typical family today averages five children.
 In the Filipino family, kinship ties are extended to include the
“compadre" or sponsors. Compadres and comadres are regarded as
relatives and closer ties are formed. Parents get sponsors (ninong
and ninang) in the baptism of their child and wedding of a son or a
daughter

13. What are the functions of the family?
1. Reproduction of the race and rearing of the
young.
2. Cultural transmission or enculturation.
3. Socialization of the child.
4. Providing affection and sense of security.
5. Providing the environment for personality
development and the growth of self -concept
in relation to others.
6. Providing social status.

14. What are the functions of the family?
 As to line of descent, the family may be:
• patrilineal
• matrilineal
• bilineal
 According to place of residence, the family may be
classified as:
a. patrilocal
b. matrilocal
c. neolocal

15.  With reference to authority or who is considered head,
the family may be classified as:
a. patriarchal
b. matriarchal
c. equalitarian
 Family-school partnerships - refers to collaborative
relationships designed primarily to produce positive
educational and social effects on the child while being
mutually beneficial to all parties involved.

16. The central characteristics of effective
family- school partnership include:
• Sharing of power, responsibility of ownership with each
party having different roles.
• A degree of mutuality, that begins with the process of
listening to each other and that incorporates responsive
dialogue and give and take on both sides.
• Shared aims and goals based on a common understanding
of the educational needs of children.
•Commitment to joint action, in which parents, students
and teachers work together.

17. Education
II.

18. Education
 Is the transmission of knowledge
 before education was a family responsibility,
along with the community and the church,
industrialization changed it dramatically.
 Schools became necessary when cultural
complexity created a need for specialized
knowledge and skill which could not be easily
acquired in the family, church, and community.

19. What are the functions of school?
McNergney and Herbert (2001) described the school as:
 foremost a social institution an established
organization having an identifiable structure and a set
of functions meant to preserve and extend social order
 its primary function is to move young people in the
mainstream of society.
 is a place for the contemplation of reality
 our task as teachers, in simplest terms, is to show this
reality to our students, who are naturally eager about
them

20. What are the functions of school?
The intellectual purposes of schooling include the
following:
• to teach basic cognitive skills such as reading
writing, and mathematics
• to transmit specific knowledge
• to help students acquire higher-order thinking skills
such as analysis, evaluation, and synthesis.

21. What are the functions of school?
The political purposes of schooling are:
• to inculcate allegiance to the existing political order
(patriotism)
• to prepare citizens who will participate in the
political order
• to help assimilate diverse cultural groups into a
common political order
• to teach children the basic law of society.

22. What are the functions of school?
• The social purposes of schooling are to socialize
children into the various roles, behaviors, and values of
the society. This process, referred to by sociologists as
socialization, is a key ingredient in the stability of any
society.
• The economic purposes of schooling are to prepare
students for their later occupational roles and to select,
train, and allocate individuals into the division of
labor.

23. What are the functions of school?
"Multiplicity of School Functions in the New
Century“
- Yin Cheong Cheng (1996)
• suggests that there are multiple school functions
including technical/ economic function, human/
social, political, cultural, and educational functions
at the individual, institutional, community, society,
and international levels in the new century.

24. What are the functions of school?
Technical/ economic functions - refer to the contributions of
schools to the technical or economic development and needs of the
individual, the institution, the local community the society, and the
international community.
Human/ social functions - refer to the contribution of schools to
human development and social relationships at different levels of the
society.
Political functions. - refer to the contribution of schools to the
political development at the different levels of society.

25. What are the functions of school?
Cultural functions - refer to the contribution of schools to
the cultural transmission and development at different levels
of society.
Education functions - refer to the contribution of schools to
the development and maintenance of education at the different
levels of society

26. Are you aware of the manifest and latent
functions of education?
1. Social control - Schools are responsible for teaching values such as
discipline, respect, obedience, punctuality, and perseverance. Schools teach
conformity by encouraging young people to be good students,
conscientious, future workers, and low-abiding citizens;
2. Socialization - From kindergarten through college, schools teach
students the student role, specific academic subjects, and political
socialization.
3. Social placement - Schools are responsible for identifying the most
qualified people to fill available positions in society;

27. Are you aware of the manifest and latent
functions of education?
4. Transmitting Culture – through schooling each generation of young
people is expose to the existing beliefs, norms, and values of our culture.
5. Promoting social and political integration – Education serves the
latent function of promoting political and social integration by transforming
its population composed of diverse ethnic and religious groups into a society
whose members share – to some extent at least – a common identity; and
6. Agent of change – It promotes social change by serving as meeting
ground where each society’s distinctive beliefs and traditions can be shared.

28. Are you aware of the manifest and latent
functions of education?
• In addition to manifest functions, all social institutions,
including education, have some latent functions, the hidden,
unstated, and sometimes unintended consequences of
activities within an organization or institution. These latent
functions are:
1. Restricting some activities.
2. Matchmaking and production of social networks.
3. Creation of generation gap.

29. Are you aware of the manifest and latent
functions of education?
1. Conservation function
2. Instructional function
3. Research function
4. Social service function

30. Religion
III.

31. Religion
• defined as any set of coherent answers to dilemmas of human
existence that makes the world meaningful.
• how human beings express their feelings about such ultimate
concerns as sickness or death.
• involve their adherents in a system of beliefs and practices that
express devotion to the supernatural and foster deep feelings of
spirituality
• functions to meet the spiritual needs of individuals and also defined
in terms of its social function.
• is a set of beliefs and practices that pertain to a sacred or supernatural
realm that guides human behavior and gives meaning to life among a
community of believers.

32. Characteristics of Religion
1. Belief in a deity or in a power beyond the
individual
2. a doctrine (accepted teaching) of salvation
3. a code of conduct
4. the use of sacred stories
5. religious rituals (act and ceremonies)

33. 1. Belief in a deity – there are three main philosophical views regarding the
existence of a deity.
- Atheists
- Theists
- Agnostics
2. A doctrine of salvation - The major religions Christianity, Islam,
Buddhism and Hinduism – teach a doctrine of salvation.
3. A code of conduct - is a set of moral teachings and values that all religions
have in some form.
4. Religious rituals - include the acts and ceremonies by which believers
appeal to and serve God, deities or other sacred powers.

34. What are the functions of religion?
Functions of religion identified by Calderon (1998) are:
1. Religion serves as a means of social control.
2. It exerts a great influence upon personality development.
3. Religion always fears the unknown.
4. Religion explains events or situations which are beyond the
comprehension of a man.
5. It gives man comfort, strength, and hope in times of crisis and
despair.

35. What is the difference among churches,
sects, and cults?
Church – tends to be large, with inclusive
membership in low tension with surrounding society.
Sect – has a small, exclusive membership, high
tension with society.
Cults – are referred to by (Stark and Bainbridge
1985) as the more innovative institutions and are
formed when people create new religious beliefs and
practices.

36. Four elements of religion
Sacred and profane - Refers to phenomena that are regarded as
extraordinary, transcendent, and outside the everyday course of events –
that is, supernatural.
Legitimation of norms - Religious sanctions and beliefs reinforce the
legitimacy of many rules and norms in the community.
Rituals - Are formal patterns of activity that express symbolically a set of
shared meanings, in the case of rituals such as baptism or communion, the
shared meanings are sacred.
Religious community - Religion establishes a code of behavior for the
members, who belong and who does not. The members often share the
same interest, values and beliefs (Anderson, 199)

37. Economic Institution
IV.

38. Economic Institution
 Refer to any institution that is a player in an
economy.
 Includes manufacturer, leaders, consumers as
well as regulators of economy
 Is an establishment whose activities have a
bearing on society whether these institutions
are business or not.

39. Categories of Economic Institution:
 Manufacturers
 Distributors
 Consumers
 In a world that is growing very fast
economically and with everyone embracing
concept of globalization and modern
teaching, it is difficult to ignore the role of
economic institutions in shaping how people
behave.

40. Microeconomic vs macroeconomic:
What is microeconomic & macroeconomic?
What are the basic economic problems?
There are three (3) basic economic problems:
 First- what goods and services to produce and
how much in business?
 Second- how to produce goods and services?
 Third-for whom are the goods and services

41. Government as a Social
Institution
V.

42. Government
Is an institution entrusted with making and
enforcing the rules of society as well as
regulating regulation with other societies.
Can be city, provincial, national, or even
international.
In the Philippines, like any other modern
societies there are three branches of
government:

43. The three branches of government:
Executive Branches – propose and enforces
rules and laws
Legislative Branches – makes the rules and
laws
Judicial Branch – adjudicates rules and
laws.

44. The three branches of government:
Monarchy - A political system in which a representative from
one family controls the government and power is passed on
through the family from generation to generation.
Democracy - A political system in which citizen periodically
chose officials to run their government.
Authoritarianism - A political system that does not allow
listen to participate in government.
Totalitarism - A political system under which the government
maintains tight control over really all aspects at the citizen lives.

45. Government in Conflict
• Conflicts in government generally take three
forms:
1. Revolution - A violent overthrown of the
government by the citizens
2. War - Armel conflict between nations and society.
3. Terrorism - A politically motivated violent
attack on civilian by an individual or group.