The document discusses tools and techniques used in social impact assessments (SIA) for infrastructure development projects. It describes how SIA emerged to address social issues not covered in environmental impact assessments. The key activities of SIA include identifying affected parties, facilitating stakeholder participation, collecting baseline data, predicting and evaluating impacts, assisting with site selection and alternatives analysis, recommending mitigation measures, and monitoring social impacts. The document outlines methods for SIA such as surveys, focus groups, interviews and secondary data analysis.
The presentation was from the Business as Mutual conference held at Anglia Ruskin University on 12th September 2012. To find out more visit www.businessasmutual.co.uk
The presentation was from the Business as Mutual conference held at Anglia Ruskin University on 12th September 2012. To find out more visit www.businessasmutual.co.uk
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic and integrative process for considering possible impacts prior to a decision being taken on whether or not a proposal should be given approval to proceed. (Wood 2003)
Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
In India any person who desires to undertake any new project or the expansion or modernization of any existing industry or project should submit a Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment report along with application to the secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi. Basic types of EIA being practiced are given below.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA)
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA)
Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA)
Sectoral Environment Impact Assessment
Regional Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment Notification in India
EIA is of comparatively recent origin in India and has become an integral part of Environmental Management by EIA notification of 1994 and its subsequent amendments by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India. The notification specifies 30 categories of projects with potential risks to degrade the Environment.
Purposes of EIA
EIA is a process with several important purposes, which can be categorized as follows:
To facilitate decision-making For the decision-maker, for example the local authority, it provides a systematic examination of the environmental implications of a proposed action, and sometimes alternatives, before a decision is taken
To aid in the formation of development EIA can be of great benefit to them, since it can provide a framework for considering location and design issues and environmental issues in parallel. It can be an aid to the formulation of developmental actions, indicating areas where the project can be modified to minimize or eliminate altogether the adverse impacts on the environment.
To be an instrument for sustainable development The key characteristics of sustainable development include maintaining the overall quality of life, maintaining continuing access to natural resources and avoiding lasting environmental damage.
Principle of EIA
The Benefits of Environmental Assessment
Categorization of projects and activities
Environmental Clearance (EC)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic and integrative process for considering possible impacts prior to a decision being taken on whether or not a proposal should be given approval to proceed. (Wood 2003)
Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
In India any person who desires to undertake any new project or the expansion or modernization of any existing industry or project should submit a Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment report along with application to the secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi. Basic types of EIA being practiced are given below.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA)
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA)
Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA)
Sectoral Environment Impact Assessment
Regional Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment Notification in India
EIA is of comparatively recent origin in India and has become an integral part of Environmental Management by EIA notification of 1994 and its subsequent amendments by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India. The notification specifies 30 categories of projects with potential risks to degrade the Environment.
Purposes of EIA
EIA is a process with several important purposes, which can be categorized as follows:
To facilitate decision-making For the decision-maker, for example the local authority, it provides a systematic examination of the environmental implications of a proposed action, and sometimes alternatives, before a decision is taken
To aid in the formation of development EIA can be of great benefit to them, since it can provide a framework for considering location and design issues and environmental issues in parallel. It can be an aid to the formulation of developmental actions, indicating areas where the project can be modified to minimize or eliminate altogether the adverse impacts on the environment.
To be an instrument for sustainable development The key characteristics of sustainable development include maintaining the overall quality of life, maintaining continuing access to natural resources and avoiding lasting environmental damage.
Principle of EIA
The Benefits of Environmental Assessment
Categorization of projects and activities
Environmental Clearance (EC)
Promoting and Institutionalising Participation for Integrated Watershed Manag...Iwl Pcu
Nguyen Tung Phong, Ph.D., Vietnam Institute for Water Resources (VIWRR) and Dann Sklarew, Ph.D.
GEF IW:LEARN
Asia Regional Workshop on Stakeholder Engagement
in
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Hanoi, Vietnam, 2-4 April 2008
Stakeholder Engagement in the Context of Conflict Analysis and InterventionSharon McCarthy
Royal Roads University
Program: Graduate Diploma in Conflict Analysis and Management
Lecture: Stakeholder Engagement, (a how-to guide for undertaking this aspect of project planning)
Village employment is an unsolved problem and many countries around the world are facing challenges with that, what is the solution? what should we do to stop unwanted immigration from villages to cities?
A survey of popular attitudes to local governance in Njombe, Ludewa and Makete districts in rural Tanzania. Presented at the REPOA Annual Research Workshop, March 2012.
Social impact assessment principles of infrastructure projects
1. Social Impact Assessment
(SIA)
Tools and Techniques in SIA for
Infrastructure Development
Projects
2. SIA: Setting the Scene
• SIA emerged as a field of social science during 1960s –
realized EIA inadequate for addressing social issue.
• Since 1970s adopted SIA for addressing social impacts.
• For resettlement projects, SIA has evolved basically-
– To identify project-affected people
– To find measures to mitigate negative impacts, and
– To compensate irreversible losses following a
participatory process
3. SIA Activities
• Identify affected parties,
• Facilitate and Coordinate participation of stakeholders,
• Collect baseline data,
• Provide an in depth review of the local cultural contexts,
• Predicts likely impacts and how stakeholders will respond,
• Assist in evaluating alternatives,
• Assist in site selection,
4. Cont…
• Recommend mitigation measures
• Develop coping strategies to deal with non-
mitigatable impacts,
• Advise on appropriate institutional and
coordination arrangements for all parties, and
• Assist in devising an d implementing monitoring
and management programs.
6. What is SIA?
SIA is a process of identifying:
• Intended and unintended Social impacts(+ & -) of
Planned interventions,
• Social change processes invoked by those
interventions, and
• In an infrastructure projects, SIA determines
whether a RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN is
required.
7. Means/Process of SIA
• Social Screening,
• Consultation Meeting with stakeholders,
• Cadastral Survey
8. Categories of Social Impacts
• Household Assets (land, house, trees & animals),
• Access to common property resources,
• Livelihood (way of subsistence, culture and
relations),
• Local economy
9. Conti…
• Cultural Resources (tangible and intangible),
• Social Capital (mutual help, institutions),
• Vulnerability (Exclusion).
10. Type of Impacts
Direct Resettlement and livelihood restoratioon
Indirect Induce Mitigation and change in local
economy/ecosystem,
Permanent Land acquisition and Discipline,
Temporary Noise during project constructions
Physical Housing & land loss
Economic Jobs: business.
11. Timing of Impacts
• Project Designing
• Project Construction
• Project Operations
12. SIA Building Blocks
• Baseline,
• Alternative Analysis for Site,
• Define ZOI
• Consultation Process
• Identify Cultural Resources
• Identification of Vulnerable People/Groups
• Identification of PAPs and SPAPs
• Socio-economic Profile of SPAPS
• Stakeholders Identification
13. 1. Baselines
• Define the Pre-project situation
• Each project will require different
information (baseline), depending on
expected impacts,
• Number of beneficiary population (district,
VDC, Project area)
14. Baseline Cont…
• Possible positive and negative impacts of
the project,
• Other related information.
15. 2. Social Screening (SS)
• Project preview (short note)
• Number of beneficiary population (ZoI),
• Number of affected people (direct and
indirect)
• Identification of SPAP and PAP
16. SS cont…
• Identification of legal owners, squatters or
encroachers, and other category of land
tenure arrangements,
• Key economic indicators on local
economy and HHs,
• Severity of impacts on land, structures and
common property
17. 3. Cadastral Survey
• Identification of actual land donors (title
holders),
• Identification of non-title holders,
• Initiation of land ownership transfer
process
18. The 5 Ws of SIA
• Why?: Manage Risks & Mitigate Impacts
• Where?: Project area of influence
• When?: As early as possible.
• Who?: Directly affected people & other
stakeholders, and
• What?: Negative Impacts and opportunities.
19. Activities of SIA
• Identify affected people/parties
• Facilitate & coordinate participation of
stakeholders
• Collect baseline data
• Provide an in depth review of local cultural
contexts.
20. Activities of SIA Cont…
• Recommend appropriate mitigation measures,
• Assist in site selection,
• Assist in evaluating alternatives
• Predicts likely impacts and how stakeholders
respond,
21. Activities of SIA Cont…
• Develop coping strategies to deal with
non-mitigatable impacts
• Recommend appropriate institutional and
coordinate arrangements for all parties,
• Assist in developing & implementing
monitoring and management programs.
22. Alternative Analysis
• Compare different options to achieve the
same goal
• Compare impacts (social, economic and
environmental and so on)
• It is a key tool to minimize negative
impacts and maximize positive impacts.
23. Definition of Area of Impacts
• Identification of project area and ZoI
Project
•Direct impact area
•Indirect impact area
24. Vulnerable People
• Project influence is not equally distributed
to all in a given population
• Gender, ethnicity, age, economic variables
may determine different degree of impacts
• Poverty lines may help in determining
vulnerable people
25. SIA Methods
• Socio-economic survey,
• Land tenure surveys & mapping exercise,
• Focus groups discussions,
• Key informants interviews, and
• Analysis of secondary information
26. Socio-Economic Profile
• Profile of livelihood losers,
• Profile (hh) of SPAPs, and
• Other related information as require by the
project.
27. Cultural Resources
• Physical cultural resources
Burial places
Worshiping places and
Sacred forest and locations.
28. Cultural Resource Cont…
• Intangible cultural resources
Customs,
Ritual Practices
Sense of attachment to place
29. Structure of SIA Report
• Executive summary,
• Background
• Description of the project
• Methodology
• Stakeholders analysis & cunsultations
• Analysis of Impacts (direct & indirect)
• Alternative analysis
• Socio-economic profile of ZoI
• Other related data, maps, documents and so on.