Environmental and Social management Plan

1. Developing Resettlement Plan
(RAP)
Sivumelwano Agreement Nyembe

2. Introduction
• Resettlement can be incredibly challenging,
both for those being resettled and for those
designing and implementing the process,
• If managed properly it can bring long-term
economic and social benefits for affected
communities
• There a need for upfront investment in
listening to and involving affected people so as
to find solutions that meet their needs.

3. • The planning and implementation of
resettlement is difficult in practice because no
one set of circumstances is ever the same
• Appropriate measures for one project may be
the very opposite for another
• some projects only have very minor impacts
• Others might involve the relocation of an
entire community.

4. • Resettlement affects people and communities
• It affects the way they go about their daily lives
• Resettlement usually means that people will need
to move house
• Usually change how they earn their income
• This are two life events which are generally
recognised as very stressful, and
• There are more stressful when they are forced
upon by factors outside of your control

5. • Documented procedures and the actions a
project proponent will take to mitigate
adverse effects, compensate losses, and
provide development benefits to persons and
communities affected by a project.
• Resettlement Assistance
– Support provided to people who are physically
displaced by a project

6. Class discussions
• What are the negatives and positives factors
to people being resettled in a project

7. Negatives Thoughts

8. Positive Thoughts

9. Resettlement planning Goal
• The goal of resettlement planning should be
to minimise the negatives and maximise
development opportunities.

10. Project specific framework for
resettlement planning?
• Developing a good project specific framework
can be cost and time effective, as it will give
the client a good idea of the steps they need
to take during resettlement planning and can
therefore reduce work needed to develop a
plan.

11. Effects of resettlement
• Acquisition of land is often a pre-condition for
constructing infrastructure needed for economic
development in various sectors
• Involuntary resettlement is when land acquisition
and restrictions on land use which cannot be
refused by affected people and communities
• This results in very serious impacts,
– causing physically relocate
– Disruption of sources of income and/or livelihoods

12. Possible impacts of poor resettlement
planning
• What do you believe will be the Impact on
affected people and communities due to poor
resettlement planning

13. Impact on affected people and
communities
• Loss of land and access to natural resources
• Loss of jobs and sources of livelihoods

14. Impact on affected people and
communities
• Reduced access to markets
• Homelessness
• Severe impoverishment
• Food insecurity
• Increased morbidity
• Dislocation from social networks
• Community unrest and protests
• Conflicts, violence and serious security issues

15. Impact on project implementation
• Failure to acquire and vacate land on time
• Significant delays to construction • Increased
costs
• Diminished prospects of obtaining finance
• Exposure to litigation, including in
international courts
• Reputational harm
• Reactions of civil society

16. SES Standard 5: Displacement and
Resettlement in revised SES (2020
version)
• Individuals and communities who are
marginalized, dependent on local natural
resources, and/or lack tenure security, may be
particularly vulnerable to impacts in the context
of displacement
• To ensure that displacement is avoided whenever
possible
• It unavoidable it must be pursued and performed
in a manner that is consistent with international
and national standards

17. Mismanaged displacement
• Exacerbate poverty and/or heighten risk for
the individuals and communities displaced,
and adversely impact the enjoyment of their
rights, livelihoods, housing security, food
security, emotional and mental wellbeing,
community cohesion
• can foster social and political unrest and
instability, threaten project success

18. Social and political unrest

19. Forced Eviction
• Displacement not performed in a manner consistent with
international and national legal standards
• The permanent or temporary removal against their will of
individuals, families and/or communities from the homes
and/or land which they occupy, without the provision of,
and access to, appropriate forms of legal or other
protection.
• Forced evictions include both physical and economic
displacement activities that are not consistent with these
standards
• The Standard is to prohibit forced evictions in the context
of bank supported
activities

20. Serenje district case
• Did forced evictions take place in the
development of commercial farms in Serenje
district

21. Human Rights Watch (2017)
• …evictions were carried out with little
regard for the protections Zambian and
international law both require in terms of due
process, resettlement, or compensation. Some
were carried out with such flagrant disregard for
residents’ rights, and with so little real
opportunity to contest their legality, that they
amounted to forced evictions. Zambian law
prohibits forced evictions, and international law
requires the government to prevent
them.

22. Case conclusion
• …the abuses related to commercial
farming and the rights of residents are
rooted in much larger
–failures of regulation,
–oversight, and
–rights protection on
• the part of Zambian authorities

24. Forced Eviction: The Eswatini,
Malkerns Case

25. Screening for Potential Adverse
Impacts and Risks
(1) activities that involve displacement-related issues,
(2) the potential risks and impacts related to such
activities,
(3) the potential significance of these impacts and risks,
and
(4) requirements of Standard 5 that need to be addressed
in Project Design and Implementation,
– including as part of overall
• impact assessment,
• management and mitigation,
• stakeholder engagement and
• monitoring activities.

26. Types of Resettlement
• Rural resettlement
• Urban resettlement
• Linear resettlement
• Site-specific Resettlement

27. Public Disclosure Requirements
• All sponsors of projects resulting in
involuntary resettlement are required to
prepare and publicly disclose a RAP.
• The RAP is pre-pared through a process of
public consultation with all interested and
affected parties
• Proper consultation with affected
parties can increase the effectiveness and
reduce the costs of RAP implementation

28. submission to the World Bank
InfoShop
• All other documents related to a
project’s environmental assessment must be
submitted for public access at least 60 days
before IFC’s formal consideration of the project
for financing
• RAP must made available throughout the project
area
• RAP summaries in local languages must be
distributed to accessible points within the project
area

29. Special Considerations
• Willing buyer/willing seller
• Associated facilities—
• Prior acquisition
• Timing of the resettlement

30. Components of a Resettlement Action
Plan
• A minimum RAP requirement
– must ensure that the livelihoods of people
affected by the project are restored to levels
prevailing before inception of the project
• simple restoration of livelihood may be
insufficient to protect affected populations
from adverse project impacts
– Induced effects
• competition for resources and employment, inflation,
and the break-down of social support networks

31. Outcome of settlement
• Resettlement activities should result in
measurable improvements in the economic
conditions and social well-being of affected
people and communities.

32. Approach to effective RAP preparation
• identification of project impacts and affected populations;
• a legal framework for land acquisition and compensation
• a compensation framework;
• a description of resettlement assistance and restoration of
livelihood activities;
• a detailed budget;
• an implementation schedule;
• a description of organizational responsibilities;
• a framework for public consultation, participation, and
development planning;
• a description of provisions for redress of grievances; and
• a framework for monitoring, evaluation, and reporting.

33. Resettlement Process
• Resettlement and development planning
require specialized expertise
• Sponsor participation in the process is
instrumental to coordinating resettlement
activities with the project implementation
schedule
• The success of a RAP is related directly to the
level of sponsor involvement
in its implementation

34. Identification of Project Impacts and
Affected Populations

35. Social and Environmental Risk
Screening Checklist

36. RAP
• The e document in which a project sponsor or
other responsible entity specifies the
procedures that it will follow and the actions
that it will take to mitigate adverse effects,
compensate losses, and provide development
benefits to persons and communities affected
by an investment project.