This document discusses several key points about indigenous development:
- Indigenous peoples make up about 5% of the world's population but 10% of the poor, facing significant disadvantages. Their contexts are complex with heterogeneity across communities.
- Development approaches for indigenous peoples need to recognize their political identities and rights frameworks while empowering capabilities for self-governance. Locally-based livelihoods may be prioritized over mainstream models.
- Problem-driven and iterative approaches work best for complex indigenous problems, engaging local stakeholders and learning from experiences. Principles for effective practice emphasize long-term participation, rights, cultural respect, and indigenous-led solutions.
Rural Development and Indigenous Communities in Traditional Settlement AreasOECDregions
Presentation on Rural Development and Indigenous Communities in Traditional Settlement Areas made on 25 January 2016 in Peubla, Mexico. Presentation by Enrique Garcilazo, OECD Regional Development Policy Division.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Linking Indigenous Communities with Regional DevelopmentOECDregions
Presentation on Linking Indigenous Communities with Regional Development made at the Norther Perphery and Arctic Programme Annual event on 28 September 2016 in Akureyri, Iceland. Presentation by Chris McDonald, OECD Regional Development Policy Division.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Brent Allan, Local Co-Chair of the Community Programme Committee for AIDS 2014, provides an overview of the plans for the conference with suggestions for how Australian organisations can be involved.
Peace and Conflict Resolution/Prevention: More than Just Scholarships Rotary International
Since the launch of Future Vision and the six areas
of focus the majority of global grants for peace and
conflict prevention/resolution (PCPR) have been for
scholarships. In an effort to expand the global grant
activity in PCPR, an idea exchange and workshop will
provide Rotarians an opportunity to brainstorm ideas
for projects they can do with their clubs and districts.
Rotarian Action Group for Peace members and Rotary
Peace Fellow alumni will facilitate the group activities.
Rural Development and Indigenous Communities in Traditional Settlement AreasOECDregions
Presentation on Rural Development and Indigenous Communities in Traditional Settlement Areas made on 25 January 2016 in Peubla, Mexico. Presentation by Enrique Garcilazo, OECD Regional Development Policy Division.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Linking Indigenous Communities with Regional DevelopmentOECDregions
Presentation on Linking Indigenous Communities with Regional Development made at the Norther Perphery and Arctic Programme Annual event on 28 September 2016 in Akureyri, Iceland. Presentation by Chris McDonald, OECD Regional Development Policy Division.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Brent Allan, Local Co-Chair of the Community Programme Committee for AIDS 2014, provides an overview of the plans for the conference with suggestions for how Australian organisations can be involved.
Peace and Conflict Resolution/Prevention: More than Just Scholarships Rotary International
Since the launch of Future Vision and the six areas
of focus the majority of global grants for peace and
conflict prevention/resolution (PCPR) have been for
scholarships. In an effort to expand the global grant
activity in PCPR, an idea exchange and workshop will
provide Rotarians an opportunity to brainstorm ideas
for projects they can do with their clubs and districts.
Rotarian Action Group for Peace members and Rotary
Peace Fellow alumni will facilitate the group activities.
Gender in the light of customary norms and statutes : the Ghana experience i...IIED
A presentation by Saadia Bobtoya, project officer for IUCN Ghana, at a workshop held in Paris from Thursday, 3 December to Friday, 4 December during the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21).
The event organised by the International Institute for Environment and Development aimed to share the findings of its research to inform a wider debate on how REDD+ is contributing to addressing the drivers of land use and land use change.
The presentation focused on the Ghana experience in mainstreaming gender into REDD+.
More details: http://www.iied.org/redd-paris-what-could-be-it-for-people-forests
Spiraling up and down: Mapping rural women's empowerment in EthiopiaCGIAR
This presentation was given by Annet Mulema (ILRI), as part of the Annual Gender Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 25-27 September 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and co-organized with KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-conference-2018/
In 2014 UNDP launched the Innovation Facility to support innovation in addressing development challenges. The Innovation Facility was made possible with the generous contribution of the Government of Denmark and co-investments from UNDP’s core resources.
This review lays out why innovation is becoming increasingly important in international development and for UNDP. It describes our approach to innovation as well as brief descriptions of the initiatives funded by the Innovation Facility in 2014, though many more UNDP projects not highlighted in this report embraced and tested novel methods. UNDP has invested over time in the uptake of new ways of doing business and over the past three years has invested in strategically exploring innovation under the motto “innovation happens in practice.” Through the Innovation Facility we strive to accelerate this approach by putting innovation in development solutions on a new trajectory.
Indigenous rights, governance and economic developmentOECDregions
Presentation made at the 17th Session of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held at the United Nations Headquarters, New York on 17 April 2018.
Presentation by Chris McDonald, Economist, Regional and Rural Policy OECD.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/indigenous-communities.htm
Indigenous Peoples Dialogue and Regional DevelopmentOECDregions
Presentation on Indigenous Peoples and Regional Development, made at the EU event on A Sustainable Arctic: Innovative approaches, held on 15-16 June 2017 in Oulu Finland. Presentation by Chris McDonald, OECD Regional Development Policy Division.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Presentation delivered by Prof Mike danson to the STUC's Decent Work, Dignified Lives Conference on 15 October. Presentation considers history of regional development institutions, imperatives for change and distinct nature of Scottish institutions.
Spiraling up and down: Mapping rural women’s empowerment in EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Annet Mulema (ILRI), Brenda Boonabaana (MUK), Liza Debevec (IWMI), Likimyelesh Nigussie (IWMI), Mihret Alemu (FAO) and Susan Kaaria (FAO) at the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research Annual Scientific Conference and Capacity Development Workshop, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 25-28 September 2018
This workshop will engage participants in exploring what it takes to build partnerships, cross-cultural sensitivity and sustainable capacity for a culture of peace, drawing from case studies and Mediators Beyond Boders’ experience in countries around the world. Participants will learn how to bridge from being mediators to peacebuilders through elicitive practice, using trauma informed principles, appreciative inquiry and mediation techniques to transform local capacities for peace in a range of contexts, including in government institutions and universities, among tribal leaders and citizens, and in the practice of civil society organizations.
The Path for Effectively Managing Community Wealth December 17 & 18, 2013 Vancouver, BC Ismo Heikkila National Director, Financial Education & Communication Aboriginal Services First Nations Economic Success – Links to Learning for Economic Development and Land Managers 2013
Speaker Ismo Heikkila, CFP National Director, Financial Education & Communication, Aboriginal Services
Mining, indigenous and regional developmentOECDregions
Presenation on Mining, Indigenous communities and regional development, made at the meeting of Minteral Development in the Arctic held on 30 april 2018 in Kotzebue, Alaska. Presentation by Chris McDonald, Economist, Regional and Rural Development, OECD.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/mining-regions.htm & http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/indigenous-communities.htm
Rural Trends, Transportation, and Building WealthRPO America
National Association of Development Organizations Research Foundation Associate Director Carrie Kissel provided a workshop on rural U.S. trends, community economic development practices, and connections to transit at the 2019 National RTAP Conference (Portland, OR).
Gender in the light of customary norms and statutes : the Ghana experience i...IIED
A presentation by Saadia Bobtoya, project officer for IUCN Ghana, at a workshop held in Paris from Thursday, 3 December to Friday, 4 December during the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21).
The event organised by the International Institute for Environment and Development aimed to share the findings of its research to inform a wider debate on how REDD+ is contributing to addressing the drivers of land use and land use change.
The presentation focused on the Ghana experience in mainstreaming gender into REDD+.
More details: http://www.iied.org/redd-paris-what-could-be-it-for-people-forests
Spiraling up and down: Mapping rural women's empowerment in EthiopiaCGIAR
This presentation was given by Annet Mulema (ILRI), as part of the Annual Gender Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 25-27 September 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and co-organized with KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-conference-2018/
In 2014 UNDP launched the Innovation Facility to support innovation in addressing development challenges. The Innovation Facility was made possible with the generous contribution of the Government of Denmark and co-investments from UNDP’s core resources.
This review lays out why innovation is becoming increasingly important in international development and for UNDP. It describes our approach to innovation as well as brief descriptions of the initiatives funded by the Innovation Facility in 2014, though many more UNDP projects not highlighted in this report embraced and tested novel methods. UNDP has invested over time in the uptake of new ways of doing business and over the past three years has invested in strategically exploring innovation under the motto “innovation happens in practice.” Through the Innovation Facility we strive to accelerate this approach by putting innovation in development solutions on a new trajectory.
Indigenous rights, governance and economic developmentOECDregions
Presentation made at the 17th Session of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues held at the United Nations Headquarters, New York on 17 April 2018.
Presentation by Chris McDonald, Economist, Regional and Rural Policy OECD.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/indigenous-communities.htm
Indigenous Peoples Dialogue and Regional DevelopmentOECDregions
Presentation on Indigenous Peoples and Regional Development, made at the EU event on A Sustainable Arctic: Innovative approaches, held on 15-16 June 2017 in Oulu Finland. Presentation by Chris McDonald, OECD Regional Development Policy Division.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Presentation delivered by Prof Mike danson to the STUC's Decent Work, Dignified Lives Conference on 15 October. Presentation considers history of regional development institutions, imperatives for change and distinct nature of Scottish institutions.
Spiraling up and down: Mapping rural women’s empowerment in EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Annet Mulema (ILRI), Brenda Boonabaana (MUK), Liza Debevec (IWMI), Likimyelesh Nigussie (IWMI), Mihret Alemu (FAO) and Susan Kaaria (FAO) at the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research Annual Scientific Conference and Capacity Development Workshop, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 25-28 September 2018
This workshop will engage participants in exploring what it takes to build partnerships, cross-cultural sensitivity and sustainable capacity for a culture of peace, drawing from case studies and Mediators Beyond Boders’ experience in countries around the world. Participants will learn how to bridge from being mediators to peacebuilders through elicitive practice, using trauma informed principles, appreciative inquiry and mediation techniques to transform local capacities for peace in a range of contexts, including in government institutions and universities, among tribal leaders and citizens, and in the practice of civil society organizations.
The Path for Effectively Managing Community Wealth December 17 & 18, 2013 Vancouver, BC Ismo Heikkila National Director, Financial Education & Communication Aboriginal Services First Nations Economic Success – Links to Learning for Economic Development and Land Managers 2013
Speaker Ismo Heikkila, CFP National Director, Financial Education & Communication, Aboriginal Services
Mining, indigenous and regional developmentOECDregions
Presenation on Mining, Indigenous communities and regional development, made at the meeting of Minteral Development in the Arctic held on 30 april 2018 in Kotzebue, Alaska. Presentation by Chris McDonald, Economist, Regional and Rural Development, OECD.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/mining-regions.htm & http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/indigenous-communities.htm
Rural Trends, Transportation, and Building WealthRPO America
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2. Indigenous Peoples of the World
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gross approximations due to difficulties of classification
350 Million people
5000 distinct Indigenous nations, living in 70 nation states
5% of the World’s population, but 10% of the World’s poor
Disproportionate and intractable disadvantage
95% live in developing countries
Aid agencies internationally typically do not differentiate
their work with Indigenous peoples
CRICOS Provider No 00025B
3. Identity and Heterogeneity
• UN has resisted a universal definition, but following four
characteristics frequently cited
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–
–
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historical antecedence to particular territories
voluntary perpetuation of cultural distinctiveness
self-identification and state recognition
experience of subjugation, marginalisation, dispossession,
exclusion or discrimination (non-dominant)
• Heterogeneity resists classification
• Reindeer herders (Saami, Scandinavia), shifting
cultivators (Karen and other hill tribes along ThaiBurmese border), hunter gatherers and forest dwellers
(central Africa), casino wealthy tribes of North America
• Diaspora, as well as homeland - urban and remote
CRICOS Provider No 00025B
4. Political Identity
• (Levi and Maybury-Lewis 2012)
• Share a common discourse of rights and social justice
against the nation state that encompasses them.
• Indigenous peoples are generally locked in a political
contest with a more dominant mainstream.
• Most challenging is the political relativities and
complexities from the interaction with the dominant other.
• Although critical important, rights frameworks are not
enough. Capabilities must exist in governments and
Indigenous orgs to exercise them.
• High levels of sociocultural and natural capital, compared
to lower levels of human, physical and financial capital.
CRICOS Provider No 00025B
5. Development Disarray
• Consensus on outcomes but disarray on how to get there
• ‘closing the gap’ indicators relative to the mainstream
drive service delivery, but it cannot be assumed that
Indigenous people aspire to the mainstream
• Competing worldview and development pathways
• Welfare and other (including native title) benefits, where
possible, open up choices otherwise not available.
• Political representation through Indigenous organisations
may be considered more important than engagement in
the economy and mainstream institutions
• Locally-based livelihoods, including subsistence,
parenting, cultural maintenance, and ‘caring for country’
maybe more important than employment and enterprise
CRICOS Provider No 00025B
6. The Third Space
• Cultural differentiation and calls for ethno-development
• Indigenous development is often understood monoculturally, but people engaged in and intercultural dynamic
with the more dominant society
• Interculturalism beyond respecting difference, to learning
exchange and reciprocity in mutual relationship.
• Both knowledge systems should be practised with equal
human, technological and financial resources, with spaces
for exchange of knowledge, methodologies and practices
that ensure the ongoing development of both systems
CRICOS Provider No 00025B
7. Complex problems
• Indigenous settings as complex development contexts.
• Regardless of the development model or logic, problems
exist in their practical implementation.
• Self-governance, economic enterprise, cultural revival,
native title, community development, stabilizing safety,
incoming management, welfare reform.
• Highly localised – problems in generalising best practice
• Development problems tend to be complex
• High causal density, lack of linearity
• Reality of practice is transaction intensive, incremental,
learning and evolving through doing.
• dMe
CRICOS Provider No 00025B
8. Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation
• Andrews, M., L. Pritchett and M. Woolcock. 2012.
• solves particular problems in particular local contexts
(rather than transplanting solutions);
• creates an authorising environment for decision-making
with experimentation and positive deviance;
• facilitates active, ongoing and experiential (and
experimental) learning and the iterative feedback of
lessons into new solutions; and
• engages broadly with change agents/political elites, to
ensure implementation and political support.
CRICOS Provider No 00025B
9. ACFID Practice Note
Principles for Development Practice in Aboriginal &
Torres Strait Islander Communities in Australia
Gemina Corpus
10. Need and Purpose
•
ACFID's Development Practice Committee (DPC)
identifies the best practices that contributes to
development effectiveness and publishes these in a
‘practice note’ series.
• Programs and services traditionally targeting Aboriginal
and Torres Strait Islander Australians have been based on
an ineffective service delivery model.
• Development approaches based on collective learnings of
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Working group
members.
• Aims to guide the practice of NGOs so that they support
and strengthen the goals and work of Indigenous leaders
and organisations.
11. Unique Context
• Indigenous communities are different to international
developing communities in 4 main ways:
– Large number of government departments, Indigenous
organisations and private service providers
– Welfare, as opposed to a development, approach
– History of Indigenous and non-Indigenous relations
– Gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous wellbeing outcomes
12. Core principles
1. Participation
9. Flexibility and incremental change
2. Cross-cutting issues
10. Stability and long-term engagement
3. Sustainability through governance 11. Partnering
4. Rights based
12. Productive relationships
5. Intellectual property
13. Evidence-based
6. Advocacy and indigenous voice
14. Strengths-based
7. Strategic policy uptake
15. Place-based
8. Devolution
16. Do no harm
Different INGOs bring different emphasis to these
principles, and according to context
13. World Vision International
LEAP – Learning through Evaluation with Accountability and Planning
Quantitative and
qualitative data
collection points
A participatory, action learning cycle, embedded within a program context
14. Community development is not sufficient
• There are examples of effective community development
practice. The challenges of building participation,
reaching consensus and sustainable governance in
communities can be achieved.
• The harder yards are in getting the system to respond, to
join up its many different silos and levels, to satisfy its
multiplicity of ‘conditions’.
• Deficit in the collective ‘capability’ of governments to
provide an enabling developmental system.
• Governments often do not recognise ‘development’ when
it is occurring
15. Principles & values for good relationships
• Top criteria (in order) relating to community life:
– Understands and supports our relationship and responsibilities
to our community
– Demonstrates an understanding and respect for culture
– Includes us in decision making at the start of the project with the
planning of activities
– Gives us enough time to think about what we want to say, and
supports us to say what we think
– Understands the pressures of community life and how these
impact on our capacity to participate
– Understands our relationship and responsibilities to our land
16. Strategic development projects
• Not only for INGOs.
• Supplement rather than be seen as a substitute for service
delivery.
• Strategically applied to tackle intractable issues; e.g.
home ownership and associated land reform.
• Used as part of the policy making apparatus, to discover,
trial, evaluate and learn.
17. Knowledge Management
• Collect the body of knowledge of what is already working
‘developmentally’.
• Make monitoring and evaluation integral to all program
activity and use this to build an evidence base (but include
qualitative measures)
• Communicate information to practitioners and
stakeholders through publications and a web-based
information portal.
• Develop practice manuals and tools.
18. Workplace
• Career pathways for development workers.
• Career path for Indigenous development workers, to be
working internationally.
• Broaden the scope of Indigenous leadership courses
• Masters of Development Practice (Indigenous
Development).
• Remote employment policies.
• Network development workers.
19. A third way
• Two modalities of hands-off or battle-stations.
• Indigenous organisations and leaders want and need
support, but they want a particular kind of support.
• We need to ensure that Indigenous organisations and
services providers can be on the same playing field.
• Most importantly we need to value and respect that the
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community seek to
be supported to lead their own agendas in a way that
has meaning and purpose for them.
• Decision making needs to be led locally and we can
enable this by putting up options and going through the
consequences of each of the decisions without actually
making the decisions on behalf of others.
20. Recent positive developments
• World Vision MOU with the Australian Government on
Indigenous Development Effectiveness
• Coordinator General for Remote Indigenous Service: set
of principles to guide their work in RSD communities, in
consultation with NGOs and Indigenous organisations
• ACFID Review of the Practice Note
• APONT and NGOs in the Northern Territory: Principles for
a partnership-centred approach for NGOs working with
Aboriginal organisations and communities in The Northern
Territory