A crane is a machine that uses simple machines and hoists to lift and move heavy loads beyond human capability. Cranes are commonly used to load and unload freight in transport, and to assemble heavy equipment and move materials in construction and manufacturing. There are several types of cranes including stationary cranes like jib, bridge, and gantry cranes, stationary revolving cranes like wharf and pillar cranes, and mobile cranes like truck-mounted, crawler, railway, and floating cranes. Tower cranes in particular are mounted on a tall vertical tower and use a horizontal swinging boom to lift loads, making them well-suited for construction of tall buildings. Proper maintenance like cleaning, lubricating,

2. • A crane is a type of machine, generally
equipped with a hoist rope, wire ropes
or chains, and sheaves, that can be used
both to lift and lower materials and to
move them horizontally.
• It is mainly used for lifting heavy
things and transporting them to other
places. The device uses one or
more simple machines to
create mechanical advantage and thus
move loads beyond the normal
capability of a human.

3.  Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the
loading and unloading of freight.
 It is used in the construction industry for the movement of
materials, and in the manufacturing industry for the assembling
of heavy equipment.

4. Types of Cranes
 Stationary Cranes
 Jib crane
 Bridge crane
 Gantry crane

5.  Stationary Revolving Cranes
 Wharf crane
 Pillar crane
 Tower crane

6.  Mobile Cranes
 Truck/Wagon mounted crane
 Crawler crane
 Railway/Locomotive crane
 Floating crane

7. Tower Cranes
 A crane in which a horizontal swinging, usually luffing
boom is mounted on a tall vertical tower.
 A travelling hoist operates on the rails fixed to the
boom, which is suitably counter load.
 A tower crane may be fixed standing on a tripod.

8.  Tower cranes may be mounted on a walls, rails, on a
crawler or truck.
 These cranes are used for construction of tall buildings,
technological structures, blast furnaces, chimneys air
turbine etc.
 Tower cranes are preferred over other cranes because they
can lift loads much higher as they contain a greater
weight capacity.
 As they contain the high lifting capacity, they are mostly
used in the construction of tall buildings.

10. Selection of tower crane
 Weight and radius of the heaviest lift
and the farthest pick.
 The boom/jib length and tail swing of
the crane.
 Check for underground obstructions
such as septic tanks, underground
power and gas lines and soil conditions
before determining the type or size of
foundation.

11.  Power and hook line speeds.
 Noise and environmental restrictions.
 Transportation Cost.
 The window of operation.
 Safety regulations (such as OSHA, ANSI and DIN).

12. Maintenance of Tower
Cranes
 To ensure safe and economic operation of the tower
crane for a longer service life, it must be properly
maintained and lubricated.
 Keep the crane constantly clean.
 Check speed reducers for oil quantity. Fill oil in
time.

13.  Check wires ropes frequently and replace the
broken and worn-out wires.
 Check brakes for performance and clearance to
ensure reliable sensitivity.
 Check for bolt connections and Re-tighten the bolts
once again when they have been used for a certain
period of time.

14.  Check the rods, web rods and welds of metal structure
members for fractures and fissures. Pay special
attention to the positions where the paints are peeled.
 Conduct rust removing and painting of the whole tower
crane and its metal mechanisms after completion of
their each use in a project.

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