there are many types in the automation in building construction this ppt is regarding the TOWER and MOBILE CRANE. used in the construction

1. Construction Equipment
And Automation
Lifting Equipment
By Following Students
1. SODHA KARTIK 220313106094
2. DABHI PRADIP 220313106017
3. CHAVDA HARDIK 220313106015
4. SONEGRA PRADIP 210313106007

2. Content…
• Introduction to Construction Equipment
• Advantages of Construction Equipment
• Types of Construction Equipment
• Lifting Equipment Cranes
• Lifting Equipment:- Mobile Cranes
• Mobile Cranes:- Types
• Mobile Cranes:- Uses
• Mobile Crane:- Precautions while operating mobile cranes
• Lifting Equipment:- Tower Cranes
• Tower Cranes:- Types
• Tower Crane Components
• Tower Crane Principles

3. Introduction to Construction Equipment
• In now a days construction projects are becoming more demanding and
complicated in construction and delay of projects would arise if
conventional construction method is used.
• Delays in construction are costly and have prompted developers to
embrace mechanization.
• So construction machineries (Equipment) are used in order to achieve
larger output, cost-effective, execution of work that is not feasible by
manual efforts, reduce the amount of heavy manual work which would
cause fatigue, maintaining large output, and finalize projects on time.

4. Advantages of Construction Equipment
• The work can be done speedily which avoid time and cost over-runs.
• Large quantity of materials can be handled, so the size of the project can be
increased.
• The complex projects involving high grade material.
• High quality standards can be maintained.
• Time schedule can be kept.
• Optimum use of material, man power and finance.

5. Advantages of Construction Equipment
• Shortage of skilled and efficient man power.
• To control on the duration and cost implications by using mechanized
equipment over the Conventional method, which can be used in the
planning of construction project.
• Lower insurance costs for builders.
• Easier and safer work for construction workers.
• Increased sustainability over a building’s lifetime.
• Little to no building-site construction waste.

6. Types of Construction Equipment
• Surveying equipment
• Earth excavation equipment
• Hauling equipment
• Dozing equipment
• Compaction equipment
• Grading equipment
• Trenchers

7. Types of Construction Equipment
• Scrapers
• Tunnelling and rock drilling equipment
• Lifting equipment
• Concrete mixing equipment
• Truck mixers
• Pumping and de- watering equipment
• Concrete vibrating equipment
• Asphalt drum mix plants

8. Types of Construction Equipment

9. Types of Construction Equipment

10. Lifting Equipment Cranes
• A crane is a lifting machine, generally equipped with a winder (also called a
wire rope drum), wire ropes or chains and sheaves that can be used both
to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally.
• It uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and
thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a human. Cranes are
commonly employed in the construction industry, lifting of heavy material,
girders etc.
• The main function of cranes are to help moving (vertical & horizontal)
loads from one location to another by means of mechanical mechanism

11. Construction cranes are generally classified into two major families:
• Mobile Crane
• Tower Crane
Mobile Crane Tower Crane
Lifting Equipment Cranes

12. Lifting Equipment Mobile Cranes
• A mobile crane is a cable-controlled crane mounted on Crawlers or rubber
tired carriers or a hydraulic powered crane with a telescopic boom
mountain on truck-type carrier or as a self propelled models.
• The most basic type of mobile crane
consists of a truss or telescopic boom
mounted on a mobile platform - be it
on road, rail or water.

13. • Mobile cranes typically use a boom from which a hook is suspended using wire
rope and sheaves.
• Any prime movers the engineers have at their disposal working through a variety
of transmissions are used to drive the wire ropes.
• There have been instances of using electric motors, electric steam engines, and
internal combustion engines.
• Although design parameters sometimes limit their efficiency some type of mobile
cranes can be transformed into demolition cranes by adding demolition balls or
into earth movers by adding clamshell brackets or dragline and scoops.
Lifting Equipment Mobile Cranes

14. Mobile Crane:- Types
According to their intended application, mobile cranes are divided into
various groups among the most notable ones are es per below.
• Crawler cranes
• Truck mounted mobile cranes
• Floating cranes
• Rough terrier cranes

15. • Crawler cranes
Cranes that move on treads, or crawlers, are called crawler cranes. They can move loads
up to 3,500 tonnes and are incredibly sturdy. They can go through uneven or muddy
terrain more readily because of the crawlers. The need to move crawler cranes between
job sites arises from the fact that treads do not handle highways smoothly.
Mobile Crane:- Types

16. • Truck-mounted mobile cranes
Mobile cranes that are mounted on trucks with rubber tyres. This makes it possible
to relocate them without having to transport them. Outriggers on truck-mounted
cranes can rotate 360 degrees, extend horizontally or vertically, and can lift up to
1,300 tonnes.
Mobile Crane:- Types

17. • Floating cranes
Floating cranes are frequently used to build ports and bridges or discharge massive
amounts of cargo from ships. These can move complete bridge sections and lift
weights to 10,000 tonnes when installed on boats or barges.
Mobile Crane:- Types

18. • Rough-terrain cranes
Rough-terrain cranes are used in off-road places and unpaved locations where other
cranes might not be able to reach. The engines on these cranes can generate enough
power to move the boom and undercarriage in more difficult terrain.
Mobile Crane:- Types

19. • These large equipment pieces are used to lift and carry bulky goods in the
construction sector. They can either be pulled by their engines or mounted on
trucks and trailers. Mobile cranes can be used for a variety of tasks, including the
construction of steel structures, ship unloading in ports, hoisting heavy things
onto higher platforms, and moving merchandise from one container to another in
warehouses. They are also used in other sectors, including shipbuilding, forestry,
and mining.
Mobile Crane:- Uses

20. In fatal crane accidents, mobile cranes are among the most frequently involved. Following
safety protocols is crucial whenever cranes are present on a job site since they have the
potential to collapse under the weight of their excessive loads and become unbalanced
due to poor operation.
On job sites where mobile cranes are present, safety measures like the following should
be taken:
 The mobile cranes should only be operated by qualified personnel.
 To guarantee that crane operators can see the workers on the job site, they
should wear high-visibility apparel.
Mobile Crane:- Precautions while operating mobile
cranes

21.  Before using, check the hooks, chains, and slings.
 Secure loads properly before hoisting them.
 Never go beyond the advised load capacity.
 Avoid abrupt accelerations, brakes, or turns that could rattle the load or
disturbs its weight.
 When rotating a load, use taglines to regulate the arc and swing.
Mobile Crane:- Precautions while operating mobile
cranes

22.  Never lift the load over a crew member or the crane’s cab.
 Keep distance from power lines and other sources of electricity.
 If the weight of the load or a slope causes the crane’s wheels to lift off the
ground, do not operate the crane.
 To inform workers of the crane’s movement, use operating signals and
auditory alarms/alerts.
Mobile Crane:- Precautions while operating mobile
cranes

23. • A tower crane is essential for constructing skyscrapers, other large
buildings, and intricate endeavours.
• This apparatus is designed to guide and direct heavy machinery at
elevated work sites.
• Creating a tower crane for optimal performance and safety is no easy task.
Often, a foundation is used to secure the crane within the building site.
Lifting Equipment Tower Cranes

24. • The apparatus consists of a vertical metal rig that holds up a horizontal
lever, arm, canvas, or jib. The horizontal lever can be turned through a
complete circle.
• Cranes have steadily increased in size and strength throughout construction
history to aid construction workers in their quest for increased productivity,
speed, and safety.
• Cranes can be either stationary or mobile, depending on the requirements
of the job at hand.
Lifting Equipment Tower Cranes

25. Lifting Equipment Tower Cranes

26. • Hammerhead crane
The jib of a hammerhead crane extends horizontally and is connected to a tower set upright.
In the office, the jib stretches horizontally and is balanced by weights at one end.
Transporting equipment is facilitated by a trolley holding the lift rope that slides along the
jib. The cabin where the operator sits is where the jib and tower meet. A second tower
crane is usually needed for setting up and breaking down this crane model.
Tower Crane:- Types

27. • Self-erecting tower cranes
There is no need for a second crane to help install a self-erecting or self-assembling crane
on site. This benefit is crucial in minimising the time to launch and the project’s overall
cost. Even though the jib of some versions of this crane can be converted into an operator’s
cabin, most self-erecting cranes are operated from the ground via radio or television. The
towers of this sort are often self-sufficient and mobile, allowing them to be relocated as
needed.
Tower Crane:- Types

28. • Luffing jib tower crane
Urban areas are typically too crowded to allow for jib rotation. Most tower cranes have a
horizontal jib that cannot be moved, but a luffing jib can be raised or lowered to decrease
the crane’s turning radius. When lifting passengers closer to the tower, a luffing jib can be
used instead of an electric wagon because it can be raised and lowered as needed.
Because of its high cost and intricacy, luffing cranes are only utilised in exceptional
circumstances.
Tower Crane:- Types

29. Tower Crane:- Components
• Base
• Mast
• Slewing unit
• Working arm
• Machinery arm
• Hook and trolley
• Operator cab

30. • Base
It is the single most crucial component in keeping the crane upright. The concrete
foundation is poured in advance of the crane installation process. This base serves as an
anchor for the crane.
• Mast
The mast is the set of truss-like columns that allow the crane to reach its desired height.
They are not one solid column but pieces that can be easily bolted together to other parts
of the crane. The crane is secure due to the concrete foundation and the mast columns.
• Slewing unit
The crane can swing into different positions thanks to the slewing unit’s gear and motor
set-up.
Tower Crane:- Components

31. • Working arm
It extends perpendicular to the mast and contains the hook and trolley to hoist the cargo.
• Machinery arm
This structure, called a “counter jib,” is where the crane’s counterweights and balancing
pulleys are kept.
• Hook and trolley
The hook serves as the primary mechanism for supporting weight when transporting cargo.
The hook may be moved towards and away from the mast on a trolley, and it can also be
raised and lowered. The trolley is outfitted with several wires and pulleys to accomplish
this.
Tower Crane:- Components

32. • Operator cab
The crane’s slewing unit is connected to its control centre. The operator must ascend
ladders within the mast to reach the cab.
Tower Crane:- Components

33. • Tower cranes have very straightforward operating principles. Overturning forces
are balanced by the concrete pad and counterweights suspended from the
equipment arm. So, while a crane is empty, it is slightly unbalanced due to the
counterweights, and it is when loads are being hauled, the crane is steady.
• A winch connected to the trolley through steel cables pulls loads. The crane’s
stability is affected by the distance at which the load is hauled from the mast, as
this is where overturning forces are generated. Heavier loads are hoisted nearer
the mast than lighter ones to reduce the resulting forces.
• The crane has a maximum load restriction and a load-moment limit switch to
prevent overloading. These switches monitor the ‘collapse’ and trigger an alarm if
a predetermined value is reached.
Tower Crane:-Principles

34. References:-
• Images:- Google, Pinterest
• Mobile Cranes Meaning, Types, And Uses by Housing News
https://housing.com/news/what-is-mobile-crane/
• Tower Crane:- Benefit, Types, And Other Details by Housing News.
https://housing.com/news/tower-crane/
• Lifting equipment at work by slideshare
https://www.slideshare.net/Worlifts/lifting-equipment-at-work

35. Thank You