Hoisting equipment 1

HOISTING EQUIPMENT
prabhanjanthorat@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION
 Hoisting is the lifting a weight from one location
and moving it to another location which is at a
reasonable distance.
 Big projects such as, construction of dams,
industrial buildings etc. require hoisting
equipment.
 Hoisting equipment includes jacks, winches,
chain hoists and cranes.
 Crane is the only single machine which, as a single
piece, is capable of providing three-dimensional
movement of a weight.

CRANE
 A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped
with a hoist rope, wire ropes or chains,
and sheaves,
 It can be used both to lift and lower materials and
to move them horizontally. It is mainly used for
lifting heavy things and transporting them to other
places.
 It uses one or more simple machines to
create mechanical advantage and thus move loads
beyond the normal capability of a human.

MECHANICAL PRINCIPLE
Major considerations in the design of cranes.
 the crane must be able to lift the weight of the
load; second.
 the crane must not topple.
 the crane must not rupture.
The Principles involved are
 Lifting capacity
 Stability

Main Basic Lifting Parts Of The Crane:
 Lever
 Pulley
 The hydraulic cylinder
A balance crane contains a horizontal beam (the
lever) pivoted about a point called the fulcrum.
A jib crane contains a tilted strut (the jib) that supports
a fixed pulley block. Cables are wrapped multiple times
round the fixed block and round another block attached
to the load.
For stability, the sum of all moments about any point
such as the base of the crane must equate to zero.prabhanjanthorat@gmail.com

TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
CRANES
1) Mobile cranes
2) Fixed cranes
A fixed crane is the type of crane which
lift the loads without any appreciable
movement.
A mobile crane is the type of crane which
moves from one place to another as well as
movement of the crane basic tools.prabhanjanthorat@gmail.com

MOBILE CRANES
The most basic type of mobile crane consists of
a truss or telescopic boom mounted on a mobile
platform be it on road, rail or water. Common
terminology is conventional and hydraulic cranes
respectively.
These cranes are mounted on mobile units which
is either crawler type or wheel type.

TYPES OF MOBILE CRANES
1) Truck mounted crane
 It is the cranes mounted on
a rubber tire truck will
provide great mobility.
 The truck cranes have a
self-contained telescoping
boom.
 In case of larger machines,
the width of the out
triggered vehicle may
reach 40ft.

Common dimensions and capacity:
1) Max Boom length : 70 to 170 ft
2) Maximum fly-jib length : 30 to 100ft
3) Maximum radius (boom only) : 60 to 140 ft
4) Minimum radius : 10ft
5) Maximum lifting capacity : 20 to 120 ton
6) Maximum travel speed : 40 to 70 mph
7) Number of axles : 3 to 4

2) Lattice-Boom truck –mounted
cranes
 Lattice boom structure is
light weight.
 Reduction in boom weight
means additional lift
capacity, as the machine
predominately handles hoist
load and less weight of
boom.
 It does take long time to
assemble.

4) Minimum radius : 10 to 25ft
7) Number of axles : 4 to 8

3) Rough terrain cranes
 A crane mounted on an
undercarriage with four
rubber tires that is
designed for pick-and-
carry operations and for
off-road and "rough
terrain" applications.
 It can move on slopes
upto 70%.
 Most have 4 wheel drive
and 4 wheel steering
which allows them to
traverse tighter and slicker
terrain than a standard
truck crane with less site
preperations.

4) Minimum radius : 10ft for most of the models
7) Number of axles : 2 for all models

4) All terrain cranes
 Designed with an
undercarriage capable of
long distance of long
distance highway travel.
 Yet the carrier has all-
axle drive and all wheel
steering. Crab steering,
large tires and High
ground clearance.
 Has dual cabs, a lower
cab for fast highway
travel and a super
structure cab that has both
drive and crane controls.prabhanjanthorat@gmail.com

4) Minimum radius : 8 to 10ft
5) Maximum lifting capacity : 30 to 300 ton (max. 800ton)
7) Number of axles : 2 to 6 for (upto 8 or 9)

5) Crawler crane
 A crawler crane is a crane mounted
on an undercarriage with a set of
tracks (also called crawlers) that
provide stability and mobility.
 Lifting capacity from about 35 to
40 tones
 This particular asset class is ideal
for working in confined or small
area where a big crane can not
reach.
 Crawler crane command their
position at many of power plants,
thermal plants and at big infra
projects.
 These crane are well suited for
piling, drilling and pipe laying
operation by just adding suitable
attachment.prabhanjanthorat@gmail.com

6)Railroad crane
 Rail road crane is one of the mobile crane
type. The name tells us that this crane runs on
rail tracks.
 A railroad crane is specifically designed with
flanged wheels so it can travel along railroad
tracks. Although the design differs according
to the type of work, the basic configuration is
the same in all cases which is a rotating
crane body is mounted on a sturdy chassis
fitted with flanged wheels.
 Uses:
1.For lifting the goods at station yards.
2. It may be used for installing signalling
equipment or pointwork, for example, while
more specialised types are used for track
laying.

7) Floating crane
 Floating crane is one mobile crane,
they are sea vessels have crane
mounted on them or ships equipped
with cranes but not like deck crane.
They are mainly used in building
bridges and port construction.
 They are capable of carrying whole
sections of bridge through the water
and installing it in position due to
their loads capacity which exceeds
10,000 ton their capacity of loading
is great.
 Floating cranes are the ideal choice
for cargo handling on waterways .
Floating crane are mobile and can
be used in rivers (mid-stream
transshipment), in ports, in
protected waters, in coastal waters
and on the open sea.

Tipping condition
When a crane lifts a load attached to the hoist line that
passes over a Sheave located at the bottom point of the
machine, there is a tendency to tip the machine over.
Tipping load – The load that produces a tipping condition at a
specific radius.
A Partial safety factor with respect to tipping is introduced by PCSA
1) Crawler-mounted machines = 75%
2) Rubber-tire mounted machines =85%
3) Machines on outriggers = 85%

Load capacity will vary depending on the quadrant
position of the boom with respect to machine’s
under carriage.
In case of crawler cranes,
1) Over the side
2) Over the drive end of the tracks
3) Over the idler end of the tracks
In case of wheel mounted cranes,
1) Over the side
2) Over the rear of the carrier
3) Over the front of the carrier

Factors that will affect actual crane capacity on the job
1) Wind forces on the boom or load
2) Swinging the load
3) Hoisting speed
4) Stopping the hoist

TOWER CRANES
Tower cranes are a modern form of balance crane that
consist of the same basic parts. Fixed to the ground on
a concrete slab (and sometimes attached to the sides of
structures), tower cranes often give the best
combination of height and lifting capacity and are used
in the construction of tall buildings.
 Fixed to the ground.
 Horizontal boom is balanced asymmetrically.
 Short arm carries a counterweight of concrete blocks.
 Long arm carries the lifting gear.

COMPONENTS
 Mast: The main supporting tower of the crane. It is made of steel
trussed sections that are connected together during installation.
 Slewing unit: The slewing unit sits at the top of the mast. This is
the engine that enables the crane to rotate.
 Operating cabin: The operating cabin sits just above the slewing
unit. It contains the operating controls.
 Jib: The jib, or operating arm, extends horizontally from the
crane. A "luffing" jib is able to move up and down; a fixed jib has
a rolling trolley that runs along the underside to move goods
horizontally.
 Counter jib: holds counterweights, hoist motor, hoist drum and
the electronics.[41]
 Hoist unit: The hoist unit houses the hoist drum, hoist cable, gear
box, gear shift, brake, and supporting components.
 Hook: The hook (or hooks) is used to connect the material to the
crane. It hangs at the end of thick steel cables that run along the
jib to the motor.
 Weights: Large concrete counterweights are mounted toward the
rear of the mast, to compensate for the weight of the goods lifted

TOP SLEWING TOWER CRANE

1) Jib length : 100 to 270 ft
2) Mast section length : 10 to 20ft
3) Base dimensions : 13x13 ft to 27x27 ft
4) Tower cross section : 4x4 ft to 8x8 ft
5) Maximum lifting capacity : 10 to 90K lb
6) Maximum lifting capacity at end of jib : 2 to 13k
lb
7) Maximum hoisting speed : 150 to 500 ft/min
8) Maximum trolleying speed : 100 to 350 ft/min
9) Maximum slewing speed : 0.6 to 1.0 rpmprabhanjanthorat@gmail.com

BOTTOM SLEWING TOWER CRANE

1) Jib length : 70 to 150 ft
2) No. of telescoping/ folding mast parts : 2 to 3
3) Base dimensions : 10x10 ft to 15x15 ft
4) Total towed transport length : 30 to 50ft
5) Maximum lifting capacity : 2 to 18K lb
6) Maximum lifting capacity at end of jib: 1 to 5k lb
7) Maximum trolleying speed : 60 to 200 ft/min
8) Maximum slewing speed : 0.8 rpm

Self-Erecting Tower Cranes
Generally a type of pedestrian
operated tower crane, these cranes,
also called self-assembling, jack-
up, or "kangaroo" cranes, lift
themselves from the ground or lift
an upper, telescoping section using
jacks, allowing the next section of
the tower to be inserted at ground
level or lifted into place by the
partially erected crane itself. They
can thus be assembled without
outside help, and can grow together
with the building or structure they
are erecting.

Travelling Tower Cranes
 The ballasted base of
this type of tower crane
is set on a pair of fixed
rails .
 This enables the crane to
move along the rails
with a load.
 Increased coverage of
the work area cab be
achieved.

Tower Crane selection
Based on
1) Weight, dimension and lift radii of the heaviest loads.
2) Maximum free standing height of the crane.
3) Maximum braced height of the crane.
4) Crane climbing arrangement.
5) Weight of crane supported by the structure.
6) Available Headroom.
7) Area that must be reached.
8) Hoist speeds of the crane.
9) Length of cable the hoist drum can carry.prabhanjanthorat@gmail.com

REFERENCES
 Al-Hussein. (1995). “A compute Integrated System for crane selection for High
Rise Building Construction, M.A.Sc. Thesis, Centre For Building Studies,
Concordia
 A journal of “Civil engineering & construction review” July 2012 pg.no.62-84
 ASCE (2002)Adaptive Probabilistic Neural Network Based Crane Type Selection
System “Journal of construction Engineering and Management.” Vol.(128):265-
273
 Construction Planning Equipment and Methods - Peurifoy
 www.uniccrane-global.com
 www.terex.in
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.googleimages.com

Thank you….

Hoisting equipment 1

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