Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect movement and posture, caused by abnormal development or damage to the brain. It appears early in life and causes disabilities like slow learning of movements. There are three main types - spastic, athetoid, and ataxic - depending on the affected part of the brain. Cerebral palsy is usually caused by issues during pregnancy or early childhood like prematurity, lack of oxygen, infection, or genetic abnormalities. Symptoms range from minor motor difficulties to inability to walk or involuntary movements. Research aims to find treatments and cures.
Ataxic cerebral palsy is a rare form of cerebral palsy affecting around 5% to 10% of all people diagnosed. It gets its name from the word ataxia, which means lack of coordination and without order.
Ataxic cerebral palsy is a rare form of cerebral palsy affecting around 5% to 10% of all people diagnosed. It gets its name from the word ataxia, which means lack of coordination and without order.
Meaning of Cerebral Palsy , Definition of Cerebral Palsy , Areas affected by Cerebral Palsy , Causes of Cerebral Palsy , Types of Cerebral Palsy ( many basis ) , Signs and Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy , Developmental Milestones of Cerebral Palsy child , Associated problems of Cerebral Palsy , Treatment of Cerebral Palsy ,
10 Cerebral Palsy Complications in Cerebral Plasy BabiesSANJEEV Mishra
There are some cerebral palsy complications found in cerebral palsy babies. The treatment and prevention of cerebral palsy is possible after some cerebral palsy therapies which reduce the risk factors of cerebral palsy in babies. If you want to know more about cerebral palsy then visit www.trishlafoundation.com
Presentation by Pre-Med (2013) Students of Penang Medical College. This presentation is based on a mini research paper on Multidisciplinary Management of Cerebral Palsy. Group members consist of Nurul Najihah,Daniel Koshy & Maheshwaran
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a well-recognized neurodevelopmental
condition beginning in early childhood and persisting throughout
the lifespan. Cerebral palsy describes a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture causing
activity limitation that is attributed to non-progressive the disturbance that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied
by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behavior, by epilepsy, and by secondary musculoskeletal problems. Sometimes we can identify by symptoms of children such as delayed milestones, spasticity, unable to neck control, muscle weakness. there are 4 types of CP that are dependent upon parts of brain damage.
Presentation on cerebral palsy (CP), with a focus on CP in Singapore. It examines the characteristics and impacts of CP, the possible educational pathways and assessments available for those with CP. We (my presenter, Camelia and I) believe that those with CP can lead fulfilled lives.
Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement, muscle tone or posture that is caused by damage that occurs to the immature, developing brain, most often before birth.
Meaning of Cerebral Palsy , Definition of Cerebral Palsy , Areas affected by Cerebral Palsy , Causes of Cerebral Palsy , Types of Cerebral Palsy ( many basis ) , Signs and Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy , Developmental Milestones of Cerebral Palsy child , Associated problems of Cerebral Palsy , Treatment of Cerebral Palsy ,
10 Cerebral Palsy Complications in Cerebral Plasy BabiesSANJEEV Mishra
There are some cerebral palsy complications found in cerebral palsy babies. The treatment and prevention of cerebral palsy is possible after some cerebral palsy therapies which reduce the risk factors of cerebral palsy in babies. If you want to know more about cerebral palsy then visit www.trishlafoundation.com
Presentation by Pre-Med (2013) Students of Penang Medical College. This presentation is based on a mini research paper on Multidisciplinary Management of Cerebral Palsy. Group members consist of Nurul Najihah,Daniel Koshy & Maheshwaran
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a well-recognized neurodevelopmental
condition beginning in early childhood and persisting throughout
the lifespan. Cerebral palsy describes a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture causing
activity limitation that is attributed to non-progressive the disturbance that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied
by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behavior, by epilepsy, and by secondary musculoskeletal problems. Sometimes we can identify by symptoms of children such as delayed milestones, spasticity, unable to neck control, muscle weakness. there are 4 types of CP that are dependent upon parts of brain damage.
Presentation on cerebral palsy (CP), with a focus on CP in Singapore. It examines the characteristics and impacts of CP, the possible educational pathways and assessments available for those with CP. We (my presenter, Camelia and I) believe that those with CP can lead fulfilled lives.
Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement, muscle tone or posture that is caused by damage that occurs to the immature, developing brain, most often before birth.
Breve sintesi tratta dal libro di testo dI Brancati e Pagliarani: vol.1 Dalla preistoria al II sec.d.C.- Unità 2
Approfondimenti: La rivoluzione urbana e l'evoluzione della scrittura.
CP-Care curriculum, training course and assessment mechanism (ECVET based)
Website: http://cpcare.eu/en/
This project (CP-CARE - 2016-1-TR01-KA202-035094) has been funded with support from the European Commission. This communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
3. General Information
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a loose term for a group of disorders
affecting body movement, balance, and posture. Cerebral palsy is
caused by abnormal development or damage in one or more parts
of the brain that control muscle tone and motor activity
(movement). The resulting
disabilities first appear early
in life, usually in infancy or
early childhood. Infants with
cerebral palsy are usually slow
to learn movements such as
rolling over, sitting, crawling,
and walking.
4. The Three Types of
Cerebral Palsy
The three main types of cerebral palsy correspond to the different parts of the brain that are affected.
1. People with Spastic CP find that some muscles become very stiff and weak, especially under effort, which can
affect their control of movement. This is the most common type of CP.
2. People with Athetoid CP has some loss of control of their posture, and tends to make involuntary movements.
3. People with Ataxic CP usually have problems with balance. They may also have shaky hand movements and
irregular speech.
Often people will have a mixture of the different types of CP.
Spastic CP Athetoid CP Ataxic CP
5. The Reason For
Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy is most commonly the
result of a failure of part of the brain to
develop, either before birth or in early
childhood. Occasionally it is due to an
inherited disorder. It is sometimes
possible to identify the cause of CP, but
not always.
The causes of cerebral palsy include
illness during pregnancy, premature
delivery, or lack of oxygen supply to
the baby; or it may occur early in life
as a result of an accident, lead
poisoning, viral infection, child abuse,
or other factors.
6. Statistics on
Cerebral Palsy
There are approximately 764,000
children and adults in the United
States that exhibit one or more of the
symptoms on Cerebral Palsy. Each
year about 8,000 babies and infants
are diagnosed with the condition. In
addition, another 1,200 - 1,500
preschool age children are recognized
each year to have cerebral palsy.
7. Identified Causes of Cerebral Palsy in
the Newborn (Chart/Graph)
8%
5%
40%
22%
Low Birth Rate
Metabolic Errors
10%
Infections 5%
10%
Congenital Brain Abnormality
Intraparium Asphygin
Intrauterine Ischemic Event (Traumatic event while pregnant)
Genetic and/or Chromosomal Abnormality
8. Symptoms of
Cerebral Palsy
Symptoms of cerebral palsy can be as simple as
having difficulty with fine motor tasks like writing
or using scissors, or as profound as being unable
to maintain balance or walk. Severely afflicted
patients may have involuntary movements, such as
uncontrollable hand motions and drooling. Others
suffer from associated medical disorders, such as
seizures and mental retardation.
Problems associated with muscles include muscle
stiffness, poor muscle tone, uncontrolled
movements, posture, balance, coordination,
walking, speech, swallowing, and many other
functions.
Other problems with the body and brain include Important
breathing problems, learning disabilities, bladder
and bowel control problems, skeletal deformities, Picture
eating difficulties, dental problems, digestive
problems, and hearing and vision problems.
9. Research on
Ceberal Palsy
Scientists are working to find a cure for this disease. Additionally, many other public, government, and private
institutions are researching possible cures and prevention, including:
• The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
• United Cerebral Palsy Research and Education Foundation (UCP)
• March of Dimes
• Easter Seals
Studies are also being done to determine ways to better a child’s quality of life. there are 28 government studies
on cerebral palsy, either ongoing or about to start.
These studies include research on the use of botox to relieve drooling, hyperbaric treatment to increase oxygen
and saturate body tissues for improved healing, acupuncture, and more.
10. How Was Cerebral
Palsy Discovered?
The first documented history of cerebral
palsy dates back to the 1860’s. It was when
an English surgeon named William Little
came across a puzzling condition that
affected young children. He wrote the first
medical descriptions detailing “a disorder
that caused stiff, spastic muscles in their
legs, as well as slightly in their arms. It was
more difficult for these children to
accomplish tasks that other children found
rather easy, such as grasping objects,
crawling, and walking. Oddly enough, there
conditions did not change, for better or
worse, as they got older.” What was
originally named Little’s disease is now
known as cerebral palsy.
11. Relevant Facts
Cerebral palsy doesn’t always
cause profound disabilities. While
one child with severe cerebral
palsy might be unable to walk and
need extensive, lifelong care,
another with mild cerebral palsy
might be only slightly awkward
and require no special assistance.
Supportive treatments,
medications, and surgery can help
many individuals improve their
motor skills and ability to
communicate with the world.