This document summarizes key aspects of sleep including its stages, functions, impacts of sleep deprivation, and relationship to health conditions. It discusses the following main points: 1) Sleep has different stages including NREM stages 1-4 and REM sleep, which can be measured by polysomnography and follow a repeating sleep cycle. 2) Functions of sleep include consolidating memories, regulating emotions and mood, supporting creativity and insight, and restoring immune, metabolic, and restorative functions in the body. 3) Sleep disturbances and deprivation are linked to numerous health conditions and diseases including diabetes, obesity, cancer, and psychological issues, as well as impaired immune and metabolic functioning. Sleep deprivation experiments on rats found

1. The Adventure of Sleep Presented by: Erica Johnson [email_address] February 20th, 2009

3. 1. What, When, and How?

5. Sleep Architecture: Hypnogram Sleep Cycle ~90 minutes More deep NREM (SWS) early in night, more REM later in night

8. Awake EOG-L EOG-R EEG-1 EEG-2 EEG-3 EEG-4 EMG EYES: Open with blinks BRAIN WAVES: High frequency (fast) Low amplitude (small) Desynchronized MUSCLE: Strong muscle tone

9. Stage 2 NREM EOG-L EOG-R EEG-1 EEG-2 EEG-3 EEG-4 EMG EYES: Eye movements stop (slowly roll in Stage-1 NREM) BRAIN WAVES: Lower frequency (slower) Higher amplitude (larger) More synchronous Special events: K-complex and Sleep Spindles MUSCLE Lowered muscle tone

10. Stage 4 NREM (SWS) EOG-L EOG-R EEG-1 EEG-2 EEG-3 EEG-4 EMG EYES: No eye movements (contamination from EEG) BRAIN WAVES: V. low frequency (SLOW) V. high amplitude (LARGE) Synchronous brain waves MUSCLE: Lowered muscle tone

11. REM EOG-L EOG-R EEG-1 EEG-2 EEG-3 EEG-4 EMG EYES: Eyes closed…BUT Horizontal movements - back and forth BRAIN WAVES: High frequency (fast) Low amplitude (small) Desynchronized (like awake) Absent muscle tone

12. REM Sleep Paralysis All nerve connections to your skeletal body muscles are inhibited, causing paralysis

13. REM Behavior Disorder

14. Functional Anatomy

15. 2. Functions of Sleep

19. 3. Sleep Disturbances & Disease

22. 4. Sleep Deprivation

23. Then & Now

27. Severe pathology, debilitated appearance, disheveled fur, severe lesions on tails and plantar surfaces of their paws “ While the paper does not ultimate say what they think caused death, it appears to have been catastrophic immune system failure leading to septicemia.” “ Thus, rats die as quickly of sleep deprivation as they do food deprivation.”

28. The Hippocampus - Memories

38. The Amygdala - Emotions

40. Questions & Discussion