Sizing
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The presentation discusses different types and techniques of sizing for yarn. It describes sizing as applying a protective coating to yarn that increases weaving efficiency. There are four main types of sizing - pure, light, medium, and heavy - determined by the percentage of sizing ingredients used. The presentation also outlines various sizing techniques like hot melting, solvent, foam, and slasher sizing. It provides details on the sizing process and how techniques like foam sizing can save energy during yarn preparation before weaving.
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This presentation discusses yarn geometry and various types of yarns. It defines textiles and yarn, and classifies yarns into continuous filament, staple, core spun, novelty, stretch, and high bulk yarns. It describes the properties, structures, and manufacturing processes of these different yarns. The presentation also covers yarn designation, ideal yarn properties, fiber packing in yarns, optimum twist factor, twist contraction, and the basic geometry of twisted yarns.
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Md. Ahasan Habib Hira presented on sizing technology to Sraboni Ahamed Bristi at Northern University Bangladesh on August 26, 2018. Sizing involves applying a size material like starch or gelatin to warp yarns to increase strength and abrasion resistance during weaving. It involves processes like warping, sizing with tension control, drying, and leasing before winding onto the weaver's beam. Natural and synthetic agents are used for sizing. While it improves yarn properties, it also has disadvantages like high costs, labor requirements, and potential stiffness.
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Md. Ahasan Habib Hira presented on sizing technology to Sraboni Ahamed Bristi at Northern University Bangladesh on August 26, 2018. Sizing involves applying a size material like starch or gelatin to warp yarns to increase strength and abrasion resistance during weaving. It involves processes like warping, sizing with tension control, drying, and leasing before winding onto the weaver's beam. Natural and synthetic agents are used for sizing. While it improves yarn properties, it also has disadvantages like high costs, labor requirements, and potential stiffness.
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The document describes an autoconer machinery used for winding yarn into cones. The autoconer is a Savio Orion model from 2005 with 60 cones. It has a drum speed of 1300 rpm, cone weights of 2-3 kg full and 30-35 g empty, and a magazine creel capacity of 6 ring tubes. The autoconer has features like a pneumatic disc tensioner, splicer, and electronic yarn clearer. It can produce 800-1200 kg of cones per shift with up to 95% efficiency.
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- Fibre length varies depending on cotton variety, growing conditions, and season. Measurement requires considering a large sample size and length distribution.
- Traditional methods include stapling and comb sorting to visually assess length distribution. The Baer Sorter uses combs to arrange fibres by length.
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INTRODUCTION
The ring spinning will continue to be the most widely used form of spinning machine in the near future, because it exhibits significant advantages in comparison with the new spinning processes.
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• It is universally applicable, i.e. any material can be spun to any required count
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• It is simple and easy to master
• The know-how is well established and accessible for everyone
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This presentation summarizes the process of sizing for textiles. Sizing involves applying a coating to warp yarns to minimize breakage during weaving. The objectives of sizing are to increase smoothness, strength and elasticity while reducing hairiness. Common sizing ingredients include starch, softeners, binders and antiseptics. Different types of sizing are used depending on the fabric, from pure to heavy. Sizing techniques include hot melt, solvent and foam methods. Key parts of a sizing machine and common sizing faults are also outlined.
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This document provides information about cone winding machines. It describes the functions of cone winding machines as removing yarn faults, improving quality, and waxing yarn during winding to make larger packages. It then details the main parts of the machine like the creel, yarn tension guide, cradle, winding drum, empty cone package, motor, and dead weight. It explains the operation of the machine and attending to yarn breakages. It also covers cleaning and maintenance of the machine as well as health and safety practices.
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- Reactive dyes form covalent bonds with fiber polymers through reactive groups, giving excellent wash and light fastness.
- Important reactive groups include triazine, vinyl sulfone, and halogen groups.
- Reactive dyes were invented in 1956 and became popular for their bright colors, low temperature dyeing, and simple process.
- Common application methods are pad-batch and pad-dry processes at low temperatures. Proper pH, electrolyte, alkali, and time are required for effective dye fixation to the fiber.
Sizing
Sizing is the process of giving a protective coating on the warp yarn to minimize yarn breakage during weaving.
Sizing is the most important operation in preparing warp yarn for weaving especially with cotton yarn. The smallest error in sizing process may be very harmful. This may increase warp breakage rate on the looms and consequently reduce weaving production and quality. Therefore sizing is termed as the “Heart of Weaving”.
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The document discusses various aspects of automatic loom mechanisms, including:
1. It describes different types of weft replenishment mechanisms like mechanical, electrical, and photoelectric feelers and how they work to automatically detect when the weft yarn is running low and trigger a change.
2. It explains different weft patterning motions like weft mixing, drop box, and circular box motions that allow inserting different weft yarns to create patterns.
3. It provides details on how circular box and weft mixing motions work through lever mechanisms to rotate the boxes and change the inserted weft yarn every other pick.
Principles of various fibre testing instruments
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2. Key components include the nippers, which grip the lap and present it to the combing cylinder. The top comb combs the trailing end of the fringe.
3. The combing cylinder and top comb remove short fibers and impurities, forming the noil, while the detaching rollers separate the combed fringe to form a web.Keighley Dobby (negative- double lift)
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The document provides information about a compactor machine used to control fabric shrinkage. It summarizes the machine's functions, operating parameters, and components. Key points include:
1. The compactor machine compacts fabric in the lengthwise direction and provides overfeed to control shrinkage during processing with steam.
2. It lists the machine's functions such as improving hand feel, reducing thickness, and controlling shrinkage.
3. It describes the machine components and operating parameters like temperature, speed, and overfeed percentage for different fabric types.
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- Fibre length varies depending on cotton variety, growing conditions, and season. Measurement requires considering a large sample size and length distribution.
- Traditional methods include stapling and comb sorting to visually assess length distribution. The Baer Sorter uses combs to arrange fibres by length.
- Modern optical scanning methods like the HVI are fastest and most objective. A fibre comb is scanned to generate a diagram (fibrogram) showing length distribution parameters like 2.5% and 50% span lengths. This provides a quantitative analysis of fibre length.
Yarn lea strength tester.
This document is an assignment submission for a course on testing textiles. It describes an experiment conducted on a Yarn Lea Strength Tester to determine the strength of a cotton yarn sample. The experiment found that the yarn strength was 79.32 lbs/lea and the Count Strength Product (CSP) was 2379.6. Since the CSP was greater than the standard of 2200, the document concludes that the yarn sample had good strength fibers.
Different techniques of sizing
Before weaving, sizing of yarns are very important. During weaving the yarns experience heavy pressure, so in some cases, they may break. So sizing is necessary for improving the strength of yarns.
Ring frame
INTRODUCTION
The ring spinning will continue to be the most widely used form of spinning machine in the near future, because it exhibits significant advantages in comparison with the new spinning processes.
Following are the advantages of ring spinning frame
• It is universally applicable, i.e. any material can be spun to any required count
• It delivers a material with optimum characteristics, especially with regard to structure and strength.
• It is simple and easy to master
• The know-how is well established and accessible for everyone
Double lift and single cylinder
This document summarizes the double lift and single cylinder (DLSC) jacquard shedding system. It explains that in a DLSC jacquard, each yarn end is controlled by two hooks attached to a single needle, allowing the end to be lifted or lowered independently over two picks. It describes how two sets of knives move in opposite phases to control the two hooks and raise or lower each end. The DLSC jacquard produces a semi-open shed and allows the cylinder to turn only every other pick, unlike a single lift single cylinder jacquard.
Multi phase and circular loom by Vignesh Dhanabalan
1. Multiphase weaving machines operate using either the warp direction shed wave principle or the weft direction shed wave principle to open multiple sheds simultaneously and insert weft yarn in multiple locations at once.
2. This allows multiphase looms to achieve 3 to 4 times higher productivity compared to single-phase looms when weaving simple standard fabrics.
3. Key components of multiphase looms include shed forming elements to open sheds in waves across the loom width, weft insertion using compressed air, and beat-up combs to consolidate the fabric.
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This presentation summarizes the process of sizing for textiles. Sizing involves applying a coating to warp yarns to minimize breakage during weaving. The objectives of sizing are to increase smoothness, strength and elasticity while reducing hairiness. Common sizing ingredients include starch, softeners, binders and antiseptics. Different types of sizing are used depending on the fabric, from pure to heavy. Sizing techniques include hot melt, solvent and foam methods. Key parts of a sizing machine and common sizing faults are also outlined.
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The document discusses weaving technology and describes different mechanisms involved. It focuses on picking and beat-up mechanisms. Picking inserts the weft thread through the warp shed and can be bidirectional or unidirectional. Beat-up drives the inserted weft to the fell of the cloth. There are different types of picking (over, under) and beat-up (single, double, cam) mechanisms that are suited to different fabric weights and loom styles. Faults like early/late picking and factors influencing beat-up force are also covered.
Secondary motions
The document discusses various types of take-up, let-off, and stop motions used in weaving looms. It describes the objectives and classifications of take-up and let-off motions. For take-up motions, it provides details on negative take-up, five-wheel take-up, seven-wheel take-up, and Shirley take-up motions. For let-off motions, it discusses negative and positive let-off systems. It also explains warp protecting, warp stop, and weft stop motions that are used to stop the loom in case of issues like shuttle trapping or yarn breaks.
Take up mechanism
The document discusses take-up mechanisms in weaving. It describes take-up motion as the process of withdrawing woven fabric from the weaving zone and winding it onto the cloth roller. There are two main types of take-up motions - positive and negative. Positive take-up directly drives the cloth roller via gear trains, while negative take-up uses a system of levers and weights to indirectly drive the roller. Specific take-up mechanisms like five-wheel and seven-wheel are also described, including their components and working principles. The document provides an overview of different take-up motions used in weaving to uniformly wind the fabric.
Uster evenness tester
This presentation discusses yarn evenness testing using an Uster Evenness Tester machine. It covers what yarn evenness testing is, the various methods of measuring yarn evenness including visual examination, cutting and weighing, and electronic testers. It then discusses the usage of the Uster Evenness Tester for testing yarns, rovings and slivers and measuring irregularities and hairiness. The working principle of the Uster Evenness Tester is also explained along with its advantages of high speed testing and measuring coefficient of variation, and its disadvantages related to moisture content and material thickness.
Terry-a pile fabric
Pile fabrics: Manufacturing methods include woven pile fabric formation & others methods such as knit pile fabric, tufted pile fabrics etc. A "Terry" or a "Terry Towel" as is generally known is a woven pile fabric formed by slack tension weave process. of weaving.
Tensioning Device in Winding by mim
There are several types of tensioning devices that are used in the winding process. Tensioning devices are used to apply the required tension to yarn as it passes through different parts of the machine. This helps reduce yarn breakage during weaving and allows the weaving process to be completed successfully. The main types of tensioning devices are defined by the working member that contacts the yarn and by the working principle employed. Common working principles include capstan, additive, combined, and automatic tensioning. The appropriate tensioning device is selected based on factors like maintaining uniform tension, ease of use, durability, and cost.
Anti shrink finish
Cotton fabric shrinks due to the swelling of cotton fibers in water and the release of mechanical stresses from spinning and weaving. The anti-shrink finishing process uses a sanforizing machine to pre-shrink cotton fabric in a controlled way. The machine places the moistened fabric onto the concave surface of a stretched rubber blanket. As the blanket contracts, the fabric is forced to shrink with it, preventing excessive shrinkage during washing. Key parts of the machine include feed rollers, sprayers, a steaming unit, and a rubber blanket wrapped around a heated cylinder. The amount of shrinkage can be controlled by adjusting the tension on the blanket and its thickness.
Manufacture of miniature cone winding machine
This document provides information about cone winding machines. It describes the functions of cone winding machines as removing yarn faults, improving quality, and waxing yarn during winding to make larger packages. It then details the main parts of the machine like the creel, yarn tension guide, cradle, winding drum, empty cone package, motor, and dead weight. It explains the operation of the machine and attending to yarn breakages. It also covers cleaning and maintenance of the machine as well as health and safety practices.
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- Important reactive groups include triazine, vinyl sulfone, and halogen groups.
- Reactive dyes were invented in 1956 and became popular for their bright colors, low temperature dyeing, and simple process.
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Sizing is the process of giving a protective coating on the warp yarn to minimize yarn breakage during weaving.
Sizing is the most important operation in preparing warp yarn for weaving especially with cotton yarn. The smallest error in sizing process may be very harmful. This may increase warp breakage rate on the looms and consequently reduce weaving production and quality. Therefore sizing is termed as the “Heart of Weaving”.
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Textile coloration
If we work with a cross section
of the color tree as CIELab space,
this space is divided by two
axes which intersect at a
grey neutral area in the centre.
“a” is the red-green axis which
is red on the positive side and
green on the negative side.
“b” is the yellow-blue axis which
is yellow on the positive end and
blue on negative end.
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Sizing
- 1. PRESENTED BY : Presentation on Different types and techniques of sizing Venue: NUB, Date : October 20, 2016 Name ID 1) Muhammad Nafiz Reza BTX-150100377 2) MD. Maynoul Hossain BTX-150100370
- 2. Welcome To Our Presentation Venue: NUB, Date : October 20, 2016
- 3. SIZING : Sizing is the process of applying protective adhesive coating on the yarn surface. This is the most important segment of weaving preparatory process. Sizing is called the heart of weaving. It increases the efficiency of weaving process. Venue: NUB, Date : October 20, 2016
- 4. TYPES OF SIZING : Sizing is four types. These are, 1.Pure sizing. 2.Light sizing. 3.Medium sizing. 4.Heavy sizing. • Pure sizing : To produce unbleached fabric when sizing is done on yarn is called pure sizing. On the weight of yarn 7-10% the size ingredients are used. • Light sizing: In case of printing and dyeing the sized are used is called light sizing. About 11-15% sizing ingredients are used on the weight of yarn. Venue: NUB, Date : October 20, 2016
- 5. TYPES OF SIZING : • Medium sizing: To increase the weight of yarn and strength. About 16-40% sizing ingredients are used on the weight of yarn. • Heavy sizing: Heavy sizing is known as when sizing is done on lower count and twisted yarn. Above 40% sizing ingredients are used on the weight of yarn. Venue: NUB, Date : October 20, 2016
- 6. Size take up % : • Size takes up%: On the yarn surface the amount of the size material added is called size takes up percentage. Size takes up%=(weight of size yarn-weight of unsized yarn)/weight of unsized yarnX100% Venue: NUB, Date : October 20, 2016
- 7. Techniques of sizing : There are different application process by which size materials are applied on yarn surface. Following are the techniques sizing. • Hot melting sizing. • Solvent sizing. • Foam sizing. • High pressure sizing. • Electrostatic sizing. • Emulsion sizing. • Combined sizing. • Slasher sizing. Venue: NUB, Date : October 20, 2016
- 8. Techniques of sizing : Hot melt sizing: Suitable for high speed weaving e.g. shuttle fewer looms where there is risk of yarn hairiness . Sizing is done in the warping machine by having a special arrangement called size applicator. The size is kept in cake from where the warp is kept pressed. Venue: NUB, Date : October 20, 2016
- 9. Techniques of sizing : Solvent sizing: Sizing is accomplished by using a non- aqueous organic solvent as the treatment media instead of water. Chlorinated hydrogen is mostly used as solvent and 1/10 th of energy is required to evaporate solvent. Venue: NUB, Date : October 20, 2016
- 10. Techniques of sizing : Foam sizing : Here the solvent is replaced by water. Foam of size is used which must process liquor, gas, mechanical energy and thermal energy. Thus 70% energy is saved and production is increases. Sizing is done during beam preparation. If sizing is done perfectly then it is possible to get a good qualified woven fabric. So we should be careful about sizing. Venue: NUB, Date : October 20, 2016
- 11. References List : • http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2013/09/techniques-of- warp-yarn-sizing.html • https://textileapex.blogspot.com/2014/01/sizing- objects.html • http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry- article/5747/development-in-sizing-machine Venue: NUB, Date : October 20, 2016
- 12. Thank you for your attention Venue: NUB, Date : October 20, 2016