Sirtuins are longevity genes that are activated by calorie restriction. There are 7 sirtuin genes in mammals that have different targets and localization. Sirtuin 1 is localized to the nucleus and cytosol and targets proteins involved in metabolism and stress response. Sirtuin 6 is nuclear localized and has weak deacetylase and ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, targeting histone H3. Calorie restriction and sirtuin activation leads to increased NAD+, ATP levels, autophagy and DNA repair promoting longevity, while excess calories and inactivity have opposite effects.
Free radicals in human diseases and the roleMohammed Sakr
Free radicals reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are generated by our body by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical conditions or pathological states. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for proper physiological function. If free radicals overwhelm the body's ability to regulate them, a condition known as oxidative stress ensues. Free radicals thus adversely alter lipids, proteins, and DNA and trigger a number of human diseases. Free radicals are a main cause of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, aging and immune defense disorders. Foods like berries and carrot protect us against free radicals.
Free radicals in human diseases and the roleMohammed Sakr
Free radicals reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are generated by our body by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical conditions or pathological states. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for proper physiological function. If free radicals overwhelm the body's ability to regulate them, a condition known as oxidative stress ensues. Free radicals thus adversely alter lipids, proteins, and DNA and trigger a number of human diseases. Free radicals are a main cause of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, aging and immune defense disorders. Foods like berries and carrot protect us against free radicals.
Dr. Al Sears explains the Nobel Prize winning breakthrough telomere technology. This opened the way for Harvard researcher, Dr. Ronal DePinho to find a way to activate telomerase. Telomerase is the enzyme that signals your telomeres to grow longer, unfortunately, it shuts down while you are still in your mother's womb.
Once Nobel Prize winning research identified that telomeres are the protective tips at each end of the strands of your DNA, and as your cells replicate, gradully your telomeres grow shorter. They are the "aging-clocks" inside your DNA.
Once Dr. DePinho found a way to reactivate the telomerase enzyme, he turned old mice into young mice again.
Not long after, scientists discovered ways to do this in humans as well, and today, the discovery of the telomere and telomerase are the most important anti-aging breakthrough of our time.
genotoxicity,guidelines and history of genotoxicity,importance of genotoxicity,causactive agents of genotoxicity,invitro,invivo methods of genotoxicity studies.
This PowerPoint presentation shares vital information on leptin and exactly what comprises the foundation for the Venus Factor system. Leptin is a powerful enzyme for weight loss and because of this, proper leptin resistance management has provided great success to women wanting to burn fat.
You can not change your genome but can influence how it is used by healthy food patterns and lifestyle. This talk focuses on the gut as a primary gatekeeper between foods, the microbiota and the immuno-metabolic system of the host. The underlying biology is complex but well regulated if the system is not chronically overloaded.
Dr. Al Sears explains the Nobel Prize winning breakthrough telomere technology. This opened the way for Harvard researcher, Dr. Ronal DePinho to find a way to activate telomerase. Telomerase is the enzyme that signals your telomeres to grow longer, unfortunately, it shuts down while you are still in your mother's womb.
Once Nobel Prize winning research identified that telomeres are the protective tips at each end of the strands of your DNA, and as your cells replicate, gradully your telomeres grow shorter. They are the "aging-clocks" inside your DNA.
Once Dr. DePinho found a way to reactivate the telomerase enzyme, he turned old mice into young mice again.
Not long after, scientists discovered ways to do this in humans as well, and today, the discovery of the telomere and telomerase are the most important anti-aging breakthrough of our time.
genotoxicity,guidelines and history of genotoxicity,importance of genotoxicity,causactive agents of genotoxicity,invitro,invivo methods of genotoxicity studies.
This PowerPoint presentation shares vital information on leptin and exactly what comprises the foundation for the Venus Factor system. Leptin is a powerful enzyme for weight loss and because of this, proper leptin resistance management has provided great success to women wanting to burn fat.
You can not change your genome but can influence how it is used by healthy food patterns and lifestyle. This talk focuses on the gut as a primary gatekeeper between foods, the microbiota and the immuno-metabolic system of the host. The underlying biology is complex but well regulated if the system is not chronically overloaded.
The biology of Aging in Insects From Drosphila to other insects and back.pptxArchana Ramanji
This particular presentation describes aging in insects and explains the mechanisms underlying it, particularly in Drosophila including eusocial insects.
What is gut microbiota? What is the influence of diet on the proper functioning of our gut microbiota? How does the gut-brain axis (GBA) influence the emotional and cognitive centers of the brain? Tune into this webinar to find out more about this timely topic.
Learning Objectives:
List the neurological and physiological connections that enable the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain
Identify lifestyle, dietary, and microbial influences on the flow and function of signaling molecules along the gut-microbiota-brain axis
Implement dietary regimens that target the gut and gastrointestinal microbiota to improve or maintain optimal physical and mental health
RDNs earn 1.0 CEU
We are what we eat - The role of diets in the gut-microbiota-health interactionNorwich Research Park
Lecture at Summer School Nutrigenomics in Camerino Italy Sept. 2016.
The (small) intestine has increasingly been recognized to play a key role in the early phase of pro-inflammatory disturbances e.g. by enhanced overflow of dietary components to the distal intestine (ileum, colon) and affecting the gut microbiota & their metabolites (e.g. bile acids, short chain fatty acids). Transcription factors e.g. PPARγ, FXR, AHR or NRF2 are involved in host sensing mechanisms of microbial metabolites. Strong impact of dietary composition on small and large intestinal microbiota and their metabolic functions.
Targeting the (small) intestine and its microbiota with (plant) foods, bioactives, probiotics and drugs will improve gut and liver functions with strong implications for human health during life.
According to the data released by the NSO for the Financial Year 2021-22 on 31st May, 2022, the real GDP grew at the rate of 8.7 per cent. Thus, the growth rate of real GDP for India was higher than most of the other big economies. This is a clear indication that the Indian Economy is now on the path to recovery. But, challenges still remain in its way. The retail inflation is almost 8 per cent. The number of poor people is very high, the unemployment rate is at an alarming level, and a big part of the population is still grappling with malnutrition and undernutrition. According to the 'Report on Currency and Finance' published by the Reserve Bank of India on 28th April 2022, it will take another 10 years or more for the Indian Economy to recover fully from the adverse effects of COVID-19. All these issues have been adequately discussed in this 40th revised and updated edition of the book.
The organisation, structure and contents of the present edition are as follows:
Part I of the book 'Economic Development: A Theoretical Background' is divided into three chapters. It discusses the concepts of economic growth and development, common characteristics of underdeveloped countries, the role of economic and non-economic factors in economic development, the concept of human development, human development index, gender inequality index, multidimensional poverty index, etc., and issues concerning the relationship between environment and development.
Part II discusses the 'Structure of the Indian Economy' and consists of thirteen chapters. It is devoted to the discussion of various issues relating to the nature of the Indian economy including the natural resources and ecological issues, infrastructural development, population problem, unemployment and poverty (including a discussion on universal basic income), income growth and inequalities, etc.
Part III of the book 'Basic Issues in Agriculture' consists of nine chapters. It starts with a discussion of the role, nature and cropping pattern of Indian agriculture and then takes up for discussion the issues in Indian agricultural policy (including a review of the new global opportunities and challenges facing Indian agriculture in the wake of the various agreements concluded under WTO). We then proceed to a discussion of agricultural production and productivity trends, progress and failures in the field of land reform, green revolution and its impact on the rural economy of the country, agricultural finance and marketing, agricultural prices and agricultural price policy, the food security system in India, and agricultural labour.
Part IV on 'The Industrial Sector and Services in Indian Economy' consists of ten chapters. It starts with a discussion of industrial development during the period of planning and then proceeds to discuss some major industries of India. This is followed by a discussion of small-scale industries, industrial policy, role and performance of public sector enterprises, the issue o
Nutrigenomics is the science that examines the response of individuals to food compounds using post-genomic and related technologies (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabol/nomic etc.). The long-term aim of nutrigenomics is to understand how the whole body responds to real foods using an integrated approach termed 'systems biology'. The huge advantage in this approach is that the studies can examine people (i.e. populations, sub-populations - based on genes or disease - and individuals), food, life-stage and life-style without preconceived ideas.
Research by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Evaluation of the Impact of Biofield Tre...john henrry
Research on Trivedi Effect - In the present study, the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of Casein Enzyme Hydrolysate (CEH) and Casein Yeast Peptone (CYP) were investigated. The control and treated samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), particle size and surface area analysis.to read more visit http://www.academicroom.com/article/evaluation-impact-biofield-treatment-physical-and-thermal-properties-casein-enzyme-hydrolysate-and-casein-yeas-t-peptone
Research by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Evaluation of the Impact of Biofield Tre...Abby Keif
http://works.bepress.com/mahendra_trivedi/54/ - Research on Trivedi Effect - In the present study, the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of Casein Enzyme Hydrolysate (CEH) and Casein Yeast Peptone (CYP) were investigated. The control and treated samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), particle size and surface area analysis.
Domains of unknown function are essential in yeastLaura Berry
Presented in the Synthetic Biology & Gene Editing strand of the 4Bio Summit. For more information, visit:
www.global-engage.com
~25% of yeast essential domains of unknown function (yeDUFs) are broadly conserved across all kingdoms of life (including Bacteria), while a small number are found in large numbers of proteins in mammals. In this presentation, Norman Goodacre from the FDA discusses 68 yeDUFs and their roles in alternative carbohydrate metabolism, mitochondrial transport, nuclear pore complex, mRNA processing, initiation of translation, protein complex assembly, and membrane-binding.
Similar to Sirtuins, epigenetics and longevity (20)
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
2. • Dr. David Sinclair – “Eat less”.
• Longevity or Vitality Genes – Sirtuins, TOR, AMPK.
• Evolutionary advantage: Slow the aging process and postpone
reproduction in times of food scarcity
3. Sirtuins
• Founding member: Silencing information regulator 2 (Sir2) in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
• Caloric Restriction - 20-50% less calorie intake.
• NAD+ dependent Histone deacetylase.
• 7 Sir2 homologs, SirT1-7 in mammals with different enzymatic
activity, target proteins, localization.
5. Sirtuin Class Localisation Activity Targets
SIRT1 I Nucleus, Cytosol Deacetylation
Notch, NF-kappaB,
PGC1alpha, FOXO1
SIRT2 I Cytosol Deacetylation
Tubulin, PEPCK,
FOXO1
SIRT3 I Mitochondria Deacetylation
GDH, LCAD, SOD2,
IDH2
SIRT4 II Mitochondria ADP-ribosylation GDH
SIRT5 III Mitochondria
Deacetylation, demalonylation,
desuccinylation
CPS1
SIRT6 IV Nucleus Deacetylation, ADP-ribosylation H3K9, H3K56
SIRT7 IV Nucleolus Deacetylation TS genes
(Houtkooper et al., 2012
6. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6)
• Class IV sirtuin.
• Nuclear localization signal.
• 1000x less deacetylation
activity than SirT1.
• Deacetylation target –
H3K9/K56
• Weak ADP-ribosylation
activity with PARP1 as
known substrate.
• Histone 3, CtIP, PARP1,
H1Falpha, GCN5.
(Ref: Van Meter et al., 2011,
Kugel & Mostoslavsky, 2014)
10. References
• Bosch-Presegué, L., & Vaquero, A. (2015). Sirtuin-dependent epigenetic regulation in the
maintenance of genome integrity. The FEBS Journal, 282(9), 1745–1767.
https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.13053
• Garrett, R. H., & Grisham, C. M. (Eds.). (2008). Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization.
In Biochemistry (4th ed., pp. 856–858). Brooks/Cole.
• Houtkooper, R. H., Pirinen, E., & Auwerx, J. (2012). Sirtuins as regulators of metabolism and
healthspan. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology, 13(4), 225–238.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3293
• Kugel, S., & Mostoslavsky, R. (2014). Chromatin and beyond: the multitasking roles for SIRT6. Trends
in Biochemical Sciences, 39(2), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2013.12.002
• (Rajabi et al., 2018)
Rajabi, N., Galleano, I., Madsen, A. S., & Olsen, C. A. (2018). Targeting sirtuins: Substrate specificity
and inhibitor design. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 154, 25–69.
https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.003
• Van Meter, M., Mao, Z., Gorbunova, V., & Seluanov, A. (2011). Repairing split ends: SIRT6, mono-ADP
ribosylation and DNA repair. Aging, 3(9), 829–835. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100389
• Ye, X., Li, M., Hou, T., Gao, T., Zhu, W.-G., & Yang, Y. (2017). Sirtuins in glucose and lipid
metabolism. Oncotarget, 8(1), 1845–1859. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12157
