Sinusitis is the inflammation of sinus tissues, typically resulting from viral infections but can also be caused by bacteria or fungi. Symptoms include postnasal drip, facial pressure, and nasal congestion, and diagnosis is made through physical exams and imaging tests. Treatment may involve nasal corticosteroids, saline irrigation, antibiotics for bacterial infections, and in resistant cases, endoscopic sinus surgery.

1. JAI HIND
Sinusitis
Shree Ram
Krishna
Guidance Center
VIRENDRA K MAURYA

2. Sinus

3. Sinusitis
 Sinusitis is an inflammation of the tissues in your
sinuses (spaces in your forehead, cheeks and
nose usually filled with air).
Or
 Sinusitis is present when the tissue lining the
sinuses become swollen or inflamed. It occurs as
the result of an inflammatory reaction or an
infection from a virus, bacteria, or fungus

4. pathophysiology
 There are four paired sinus cavities: the ethmoid,
sphenoid, frontal, and maxillary sinus cavities.
These paired cavities allow air to be filtered
during inhalation. For the antigens to be filtered
and expelled, sinuses need to drain. Chronic
inflammation can cause obstruction to the nasal
passage, hinder drainage, and lead to lower
oxygen tension. This creates foci for bacteria to
build up. Ciliary dysfunction or structural
abnormalities can further exacerbate this process

6. Causes
 Sinusitis is usually the result of a cold or flu virus
spreading to the sinuses from the upper airways.
Only a few cases are caused by bacteria infecting
the sinuses.
 An infected tooth or fungal infection can also
occasionally cause the sinuses to become
inflamed.
 Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria.
 Haemophilus influenza bacteria.
 Moraxella catarrhalis bacteria.

7. Symptoms
 Postnasal drip (mucus dripping down your
throat).
 Runny nose with thick yellow or green mucus.
 Stuffy nose.
 Facial pressure (particularly around your nose,
eyes and forehead). This might get worse when
you move your head around or bend over.

8.  Pressure or pain in your teeth.
 Ear pressure or pain.
 Fever.
 Bad breath (halitosis) or a bad taste in your
mouth.
 Cough.
 Headache.
 Tiredness.

9. diagnosis
 Physical exam -tenderness in the nose and face.
 Imaging tests. Images taken using x –Xay, CT or
MRI can show details of your sinuses and nasal
area.
 An allergy test
 Samples from the nasal and sinus discharge
(cultures).

10. Treatment
 Treatments for chronic sinusitis include:
 Nasal corticosteroids. These nasal sprays help
prevent and treat inflammation. Examples include
fluticasone, triamcinolone, mometasone and
beclomethasone. If the sprays aren't effective enough.
 Saline nasal irrigation, with nasal sprays or
solutions, reduces drainage and rinses away irritants
and allergies.
 Oral or injected corticosteroids.
 Allergy medications. .
 Antifungal treatment. If the infection is due to fungi.

11. Antibiotics
 Antibiotics are sometimes necessary for sinusitis if your infection is
caused by bacteria.
 Immunotherapy
 Surgery
 Endoscopic sinus surgery
 In cases resistant to treatment or medication, endoscopic sinus
surgery might be an option. For this procedure, the doctor uses a
thin, flexible tube with an attached light (endoscope) to explore your
sinus passages.
 Depending on the source of the blockage, the doctor might use
various instruments to remove tissue or shave away a polyp that's
causing nasal blockage. Enlarging a narrow sinus opening also may
be an option to promote drainage.

12.  References
 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/
chronic-sinusitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-
20351667