Mr. Swapnil Kale presented on mucosal delivery of vaccines. He discussed that mucosal delivery allows vaccines to interact with mucosal layers to induce mucosal immunity, preventing pathogens from reaching systemic circulation. Common mucosal routes include sublingual, intranasal, oral, vaginal, and rectal. Mucosal delivery provides advantages like priming primary immunity, enabling mass vaccination through needle-free and non-invasive means. However, challenges include insufficient antigen uptake due to rapid clearance and lack of effective human mucosal adjuvants. Nanotechnology approaches can help overcome these challenges by protecting antigens from degradation and facilitating penetration and sustained release with the use of polymers and adjuvants.

1. Presented by-Mr . Swapnil Kale
Pharmaceutics
(M . Pharmacy sem-1st )
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences R.T.M.N.U.,Nagpur-440033
17/4/2019

2. Contents
 Principle of working
 Types of mucosa
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Criticism
 Nono system
 Nasal/mucosal
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3.  A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves
immunity to a particular disease.
 A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a
disease-causing microorganism and is often made from
weakened or killed forms of the microbe.
 The agent stimulates the body's immune system to
recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and keep a
record of it.
 So that the immune system can more easily recognize
and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later
encounters.
 The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from
Variolae vaccine (smallpox of the cow), the term
devised by Edward Jenner to denote cowpox.
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4. Reasons for going to mucosal delivery
for vaccines
 Mucosal surface is most common
media of infection
 Parenteral vaccines are not interact
with mucosal barrier(protective
immunity)
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5.  Mucosal route allows to interact antigen with
defensive mucosal layers,
 so induced mucosal immunity then kills
pathogen before reaching the systemic
circulation(next time)
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6.  Sublingual
 Intranasal
 Oral
 Vaginal
 Rectal
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7.  Induce Primary stage immunity
 Possible mass vaccination
 Systemic-mucosal response
 Needle-free
 Non-invasive
 Don't require extensive purification
 Easier production
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8.  Insufficient uptake(adjuvants use is the
remedy)
 Lack of human mucosal adjuvants
 Rapid clearance
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9.  Challenges
 Enzymes
 Barriers
 IgG release
 Stimulation
 Nanotechnology
/Remedy
 Protection
 Penetration
targeting/enhancers
 Sustained release
 Adjuvants
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10. Polymers
Synthetic-
Polyethylenimine , Acrylic acid derivatives.
Natural-
chitosan , hyaluronic acid , alginate, dextrin
Starch
Nano vaccines
 Needle free
 Single dose
 Thermo stable
 Adjuvant effect
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11.  Advantages
 Easy administration
 Highly vascularised mucosa
 Large surface area
 No enzymatic activity
 No first pass effect
 Disadvantages
 Potential irritation
 Irreversible allergy
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12. Contents
 Skin barriers
 Approaches
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13. Skin as a site for vaccine delivery
 Physical
 Enzymatic
 Immunological-epithelial defence by
keratinocytes
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14. Langerhans cells
(stimulate)
T cells stimulation
(produces)
Systemic IgG + IgM + IgA release
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15.  Liquid jet injection-(100-200 m/s speed)
eg . needle free devices
 Epidermal powder immunisation
first used in 1988
Fine power + helium gas impact
 Topical application needs adjuvant-
colloidal carrier (Nano carriers ,
liposomes)
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16.  Energy based approaches
electroporation ,
ultrasound and
sonophoresis
 Thermal ablation or microporation
 micro needles
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17.  Cordeiro, AS, Alonso, MJ (2015). Recent
advances in vaccine delivery. Pharmaceutical
Patent Analyst, in press.
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/30
1780335_Transdermal_Delivery_of_Vaccines
 www.wiki/mucosal_delivery_of_vaccines.com
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/articl
e/pii/S0168365916300670?via%3Dihub
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