This document defines and discusses the concept of sin from theological and biblical perspectives. It begins by defining sin as an offense against reason, truth, and conscience that fails to love God and neighbor and injures human solidarity. It then explores concepts of sin in the Old and New Testaments, dimensions of sin, degrees of sin including mortal and venial, internal and external sins, sins of omission and commission, capital sins, sources of sin, and the effects of sin. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the nature and understanding of sin.

2. J P S K L U N M Q C
G E Y D M A O D U M
U R D N F R I N O O
S Q E I O G T E G R
O A Z E R T A I V T
R W N E D P T G T A
I V G N B E P U W L
Y N T L X A M S L D
A S L O T H E Y U G
D E V A R G T H S F
N O I S S I M O T Z

4. It is an offense against reason,
truth, and right conscience.
It is a failure in genuine love
for God and neighbor.
It wounds the nature of the
human person and injures
human solidarity.
DEFINITION of SIN
(according to Catechism of the Catholic Church)

5. DEVIATION
 Voluntary
turning away
or departure
from the
right order
CONTRADICTION
 It is an internal
conflict between
the true nature of
man as oriented to
God and his earthly
pre-occupations
and tendencies.

6. SIN IS FAILURE TO LOVE

7. OLD TESTAMENT
Sin is often looked upon
as a transgression of
God’s law and will.
The sin of Adam and
Eve is not only the
“original” but also the
typical infidelity of
humankind.
2. CONCEPT OF SIN IN
SACRED SCRIPTURES

8. OLD TESTAMENT
Sin is the rupture of the
covenant bond, the
violation of the spousal
relationship.
It is a negative
response to God’s call.
It leads to “death,” both
spiritual and physical.
2. CONCEPT OF SIN IN
SACRED SCRIPTURES

9. The OT presents three basic notions
of sin (CFC #766):
1. Missing the mark
2. Depravity and perversity
3. Rebellion and transgression

10. NEW TESTAMENT
Sin is considered as
ungrateful desertion of
the Lord. (Lk. 15:11-32)
The sinner lives in
enmity against God;
therefore, sinners are
excluded from the
Kingdom of God. (1 Cor. 6:9;
Gal. 5:21)
2. CONCEPT OF SIN IN
SACRED SCRIPTURES

11. NEW TESTAMENT
The “capital” sin is the
refusal to recognize the
power of God in Christ
and to confess Him as
the Messiah. (Jn. 8:24)
2. CONCEPT OF SIN IN
SACRED SCRIPTURES

12. 3. DIMENSIONS OF SIN
PERSONAL SOCIAL
Sin that
destroys
one’s inner
wholeness
Sin that
affects
and causes
harm
to one’s
neighbor
Sin that rejects and
Ignores the structure
established by God
RELIGIOUS
DIMENSION
REJECTION OF GOD

13. A. MORTAL
Derived from the Latin “mors” meaning death
4. DEGREES OF SIN
A morally wrong decision which is so
intensive that it gives a wrong
orientation to man’s life.
A sin which causes a total break in our
relationship with God.

14. Three Conditions for Mortal
Sin (CCC 1858-9)
1.There is full
knowledge or full
awareness of the
wrong choice
2.Gravity or seriousness
of the matter
3.There is full consent
of the free will that
presupposes the
actual doing of the
wrong option.

15. From the Latin “venia” meaning favor or
pardon
A sin that causes a weakening or a
strain in our relationship with God.
B. VENIAL
4. DEGREES OF SIN

16. 5. DIVISION OF SIN
INTERNAL SINS
Internal sins occur in the mind.
They are found in thought and desire.
Kinds of Internal Sins
1) mental complacency in sinful
imaginations; 2) sinful joy in an evil deed; 3)
evil desire; 4) Evil Desire 5) prejudice or bias

17. 1) MENTAL COMPLACENCY IN
SINFUL IMAGINATIONS
Takes pleasure in sinful thoughts
or desires without the intention
of bringing these into act.
KINDS OF INTERNAL SINS

18. 2) SINFUL JOY
Takes pleasure in an evil deed
done to another.
KINDS OF INTERNAL SINS

19. 3) SINFUL REGRET
Disappointment in not
having performed an evil
deed.
KINDS OF INTERNAL SINS

20. 4) EVIL DESIRE
The desire or resolution to
perform a sinful action
KINDS OF INTERNAL SINS

21. -A preconceived
judgment or opinion
that causes injury
to another person’s
rights.
5) PREJUDICE OR BIAS
KINDS OF INTERNAL SINS

22. 6. SINS OF OMISSION
AND COMMISSION
SIN OF OMISSION
The failure to
perform
an obligatory act.
SIN OF COMMISSION
The performance
of a forbidden
act

23. They are called
capital not because
they are always
necessarily grave,
but because they
easily become vices
and sources of
many other sins.
7. CAPITAL SINS
Listed by Gregory the Great (604)

24. “A capital vice is that
which has an
exceedingly desirable
end so that in his
desire for it a man goes
on to the commission
of many sins all of
which are said to
originate in that vice as
their chief source.”
St. Thomas Aquinas

25. PRIDE OR VAINGLORY
inordinate desire of honor and
distinction and independence.
 it is opposed to the virtue of humility

26.  The inordinate pursuit of material goods
desiring what belongs to others, leading
to dishonesty, stealing, and injustice.
 it is contrary to the virtues of
liberality, equity and charity
AVARICE OR GREED

27.  is discontent over the good of
one’s neighbor, which is
considered detrimental to one’s
own person.
 it is opposed to brotherliness and
magnanimity
ENVY

28.  The inordinate craving for sexual
gratification
 Opposed to the virtue of chastity
LUST

29.  excessive enjoyment of food
and drink
 opposed to temperance and
sobriety
GLUTTONY

30. ANGER
 the intemperate outburst of
dislike with the inordinate desire
for another’s punishment
 Opposed to patience and
meekness

31.  Laziness in wider sense
 In a narrow sense, it means religious
spiritual sloth, a turning away
from spiritual things because of the effort
which they require
 Opposed to piety and love of God
SLOTH

32. SEVEN CAPITAL SINS
PRIDE
ENVY
GLUTTONY
SLOTH
LUST
AVARICE/GREED
WRATH/ANGER
PEGSLA
W

33. NEW CAPITAL SINS
(VATICAN II)
seven NEW capital sins. 1. Polluting
2. Genetic engineering
3. Obscene riches
4. Taking drugs
5. Abortion
6. Pedophilia
7. Causing social
injustice

34. 8. SOURCES OF SIN
1. TEMPTATION
The incitement acting
upon a person to do evil.
It is the attraction by a
good which in the larger
context constitutes evil.

35. 2. SEDUCTION
The deliberate effort to lead others
to sin.
Presupposes that the seduced
person is led to an action
which stands in contradiction
to his her original personal intention
in mind.

36. 9. IMPACT OF A SINFULLY
DISTORTED WORLD
Man is often turned
away from doing good
and urged to evil
by the social
environment in which
he lives
and in which he is
immersed since the
day of his birth

37. “The sin of the century
is the loss of the sense
of sin”
(Pius XII)

38. Certain Trends That Contribute to the
Decline of this Basic Sense ofDecline of this Basic Sense of
SinSin (CFC 765)
- from seeing sin everywhere
to not recognizing it anywhere
- from stressing the fear of hell
to preaching a love of God that
excludes any punishment due to sin

39. Cooperation - Responsibility
for the Sins Committed by
Others (CCC1868)
- by participating directly and voluntarily in
them;
- by ordering, advising, praising, or
approving them;
- by not disclosing or not hindering them
when we have an obligation to do so;
- by protecting evil-doers

40. 10. EFFECTS OF SIN
IT INJURES
HUMAN
SOLIDARITY
IT WOUNDS
THE NATURE
OF MAN
MAN IS
DEPRIVED
OF THE
GLORY OF
IMAGE OF
GOD

41. SIN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FILIPINO CULTURE
• “PAGKAKAMALI”
• A wrongdoing
• “PAGKUKULANG”
• Failure or deficiency
• “PAGKASIRA”
• Damage

42. THE GOOD NEWS
“Just as through the
disobedience of the one man the
many were made sinners, so
also through the obedience of
the one man the many will be
made righteous.
God demonstrates his own
love for us in this: While we
were still sinners, Christ
died for us.” Rom 5: 19, 8