SIM, TIARA AYUNINGSIH, HAPZI ALI, SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN UNTUK KEUNGGULAN BERSAING DALAM PERUSAHAAN, UNIVERSITAS MERCU BUANA, 2017
1. T U G A S S I S T E M I N F O R M A S I M A N A J E M E N
K a r a k t e r i s t i k S i s t e m In f o r m a s i D a n K o m p o n e n S i s t e m In f o r m a s i P e r u s a h a a n
D o s e n : P r o f , H a p z i A l i , M M , C M A
N A M A : T I A R A A Y U N I N G S I H
N I M : 4 3 1 1 6 1 1 0 1 7 8
F A K U L A T E K O N O M I D A N B IS N IS P R O D I S IS T E M IN F O R M A S I M A N J E M E N
U N IV E R S IT A S M E R C U B U A N A J A K A R T A T A H U N 2 0 1 7
2. B A B 1
P E N D A H U L U A N
I n f o r m a s i m e r u p a k a n s a la h s a t u h a l y a n g h a r u s d ip e n u h i o le h u m a t m a n u s ia , k a r e n a in f o r m a s i
m e r u p a k a n s u a t u k e b u t u h a n p r im e r . T a n p a in f o r m a s i in t e r n a l m a u p u n e k s t e r n a l, s u lit b a g i p a r a
m e n a je r u n t u k m e n g a m b il b e r b a g a i k e p u t u s a n d a la m p e r u s a h a a n . I n f o r m a s i in t e r n a l h a r u s
d is ia p k a n s e n d ir i o le h b e r b a g a i u n s u r p e r u s a h a a n , s e d a n g k a n in f o r m a s i e k s t e r n a l d ip e r o le h b a ik d a r i
a la t - a la t k o m u n k a s i m o d e r n .
K e m a ju a n a la t k o m u n ik a s i p a d a m ile n iu m k e t ig a s e m a k in m e m p e r m u d a h p e r o le h a n in f o r m a s i d a r i
b e r b a g a i s u m b e r u n t u k b e r b a g a i k e p e n t in g a n t e r u t a m a d a la m b e r b a g a i p e n g a m b ila n k e p u t u s a n
d id a la m p e r u s a h a a n , it u la h s e b a b n y a s a n g a t d ir a s a k a n p e n t in g n y a m e n g e lo la h in f o r m a s i s e c a r a
t e r in t e g r a s i p a d a s e t ia p o r g a n is a s i p e r u s a h a a n . O le h k a r e n a it u f o k u s u t a m a d a r i s is t e m in f o r m a s i
m a n a je m e n a d a la h b a g a im a n a m e n g e lo la h in f o r m a s i s e b a ik - b a ik n y a a g a r d a p a t m e n ja d i a la t
p e m b a n t u b a g i s e t ia p m a n a je r d a la m p e n g a m b ila n k e p u t u s a n .
S is t e m in f o r m a s i m a n a je m e n t e la h a d a ja u h s e b e lu m t e k n o lo g i in f o r m a s i y a n g b e r b a s is k a n
k o m p u t e r h a d ir . A k a n t e t a p i d e n g a n a d a n y a k o m p u t e r s e b a g a i s a la h s a t u b e n t u k r e v o lu s i d a la m
t e k n o lo g i in f o r m a s i, k o m p u t e r t e la h d e n g a n m e n a k ju b k a n m a m p u m e m p r o s e s d a t a s e c a r a c e p a t
d a n a k u r a t b a h k a n m e n y a jik a n in f o r m a s i y a n g t id a k m e m e r lu k a n w a k t u b e r h a r i - h a r i b a h k a n
b e r m in g g u - m in g g u u n t u k m e n g o la h n y a .
D a la m k e n y a t a a n n y a , P e r a n S is t e m I n f o r m a s i M a n a je m e n a k a n le b ih t e r a s a b a g i p e r u s a h a a n -
p e r u s a h a a n b e s a r . B a g i m e r e k a , k e b u t u h a n u n t u k m e n g u m p u lk a n d a t a d a n in f o r m a s i s e c a r a s k a la
b e s a r d a n d a la m w a k t u y a n g c e p a t le b ih d ir a s a k a n k e p e n t in g a n y a b e r b a n d in g d e n g a n p e r u s a h a a n -
p e r u s a h a a n m e n e n g a h a p a la g i k e c il. O le h k a r e n a it u , d a la m a p lik a s in n n y a s u a t u p e r u s a h a a n p e r lu
m e m p e r t im b a n g k a n k e p e n t in g a n p e n g g u n a a n s is t e m in f o r m a s i in i d ia n t a r a n y a b e r d a s a r k a n d a r i
s k a la p e r u s a h a a n , ju m la h t e n a g a k e r ja , p o la k o m u n ik a s i s e r t a ja r in g a n p e r u s a h a a n d a la m d u n ia
b is n is d a la m lin g k u n g a n n y a .
R U M U S A N M A S A L A H
A . A p a s a ja k a r a k t e r is t ik s i s t e m in f o r m a s i u n t u k k e u n g g u la n b e r s a in g ?
B . K e n a p a s is t e m in f o r m a s i p e n t in g d a la m p e r s a in g a n b is n is y a n g s e m a k in k o m p e t it if s a a t in i.
C . A p a s a ja s is t e m d a n k o m p o n e n s is t e m in f o r m a s i m a a n a je m e n d i p e r u s a h a a n
D . I m p le m e n t a s i s is t e m in f o r m a s i m a n a je m e n d i s u a t u p e r u s a h a a n ?
3. T U J U A N P E M B A H A S A N
T u ju a n u n t u k m e m e n u h i t u g a s m a t a k u lia h P e n g e lo la a n P e n d id ik a n , d a n ju g a u n t u k b e r b a g i
p e n g e t a h u a n t e n t a n g b e t a p a p e n t in g n y a S is t e m I n f o r m a s i M a n a je m e n d i d a la m k e h id u p a n m a n u s ia .
A . M e m a h a m i k a r a k t e r is t ik s is t e m in f o r m a s i m a n a je m e n
B . M e m a h a m i p e n t in g n y a s is t e m in f o r m a s i m a n a je m e n u n t u k p e r u s a h a a n
C . M e m a h a m i k o n s e p d a n k o m p o n e n s is t e m in f o r m a s i m a n a je m e n d i s u a t u p e r u s a h a a n
D . I m p le m e n t a s i s is t e m in f o r m a s i m a n a je m e n d a la m s u a t u p e r u s a h a a n
M A N F A A T
1 . D a p a t m e m a h a m i n ila i d a s a r s is t e m d a n in f o r m a s i m a n a je m e n
2 . D a p a t m e m a h a m i p e n e r a p a n n y a d a la m s u a t u p e r u s a h a a n
4. B A B 2
K A R A K T E R I S T I K I N F O R M A S I M A N A J E M E N
K a r a k t e r i s t i k S i s t e m In f o r m a s i u n t u k k e u n g g u l a n b e r s a i n g
1 . M e m i l i k i E l e m e n S i s t e m ( e l e m e n t s )
E le m e n - e le m e n s is t e m d a p a t b e r u p a s u a t u s u b s is t e m a t a u b a g ia n - b a g ia n s is t e m , s u a t u s is t e m
b e t a p a p u n k e c iln y a s e la lu m e n g a n d u n g e le m e n - e le m e n .
D e n g a n k a t a la in E le m e n a d a la h b a g ia n y a n g t e r k e c il d a r i s is t e m y a n g s u d a h t id a k b is a d iu r a i
la g i, c o n t o h : p a d a s is t e m k o m p u t e r a d a la h t o m b o l p a d a k e y b o a r d .
2 . M e m i l i k i B a t a s S i s t e m ( b o u n d a r y ) .
B a t a s s is t e m m e r u p a k a n d a e r a h y a n g m e m b a t a s i a n t a r a s u a t u s is t e m d e n g a n s is t e m la in n y a a t a u
d e n g a n lin g k u n g n la in n y a . B a t a s s is t e m m e m u n g k in k a n s u a t u s i s t e m d ip a n d a n g s e b a g a i s a t u
k e s a t u a n .
B a t a s a n s is t e m , lin g k u n g a n y a n g m e m b a t a s i s is t e m b e r u p a :
- P e r s o n e l
- P e r a t u r a n - p e r a t u r a n
- P e r a la t a n
- B ia y a - b ia y a , d s b
3 . M e m p u n y a i L i n g k u n g a n L u a r S i s t e m ( E n v i r o u n m e n t s )
L in g k u n g a n lu a r s is t e m a d a la h a p a p u n d ilu a r b a t a s s is t e m y a n g m e m p e n g a r u h i d a n d ip e n g a r u h i
o p e r a s i s is t e m .
C o n t o h : p a d a s is t e m k o m p u t e r , s is t e m lis t r ik a d a la h lin g k u n g a n lu a r .
4 . P e n g h u b u n g S i s t e m ( i n t e r v a c e )
P e n g h u b u n g m e r u p a k a n m e d ia p e n g h u b u n g a n t a r a s u b s is t e m d e n g a n s u b s is t e m la in n y a . K e lu a r a n
( o u t p u t ) d a r i s u b s is t e m a k a n m e n ja d i m a s u k k a n s u b s is t e m la in n y a m e la lu i p e n g h u b u n g .
C o n t o h : k a b e l p a d a s is t e m k o m p u t e r .
5 . M e m i l i k i I n p u t / M a s u k k a n S i s t e m
M a s u k k a n a d a la h e n e r g i y a n g d im a s u k k a n k e d a la m s is t e m , b e r u p a m a s u k a n p e r a w a t a n
( m a in t e n a n c e in p u t ) d a n m a s u k a n s in y a l ( s ig n a l in p u t ) .
M a i n t e n a n c e i n p u t
E n e r g i y a n g d im a s u k k a n s u p a y a s is t e m d a p a t b e r o p e r a s i.
C o n t o h : e n e r g i lis t r ik , s is t e m s o f t w a r e p a d a s is t e m k o m p u t e r .
S i g n a l i n p u t
E n e r g i y a n g d ip r o s e s u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n k e lu a r a n .
C o n t o h : d a t a p a d a s is t e m k o m p u t e r .
6 . M e m i l i k i K e l u a r a n S i s t e m ( o u t p u t )
K e lu a r a n a d a la h h a s il d a r i e n e r g i y a n g d io la h m e lip u t i k e lu a r a n y a n g b e r g u n a d a n s is a p e m b u a n g a n .
C o n t o h : p a d a s is t e m c o m p u t e r , in f o r m a s i k e lu a r a n y a n g b e r g u n a ; p a n a s t a k b e r g u n a .
5. O u t p u t , b a g ia n s is t e m y a n g b e r f u n g s i m e n g e lu a r k a n in f o r m a s i ( t u ju a n a k h ir s is t e m ) b e r u p a
- f o r m u lir
- la p o r a n
- t a m p ila n g r a f ik , d s b
- u m p a n b a lik , d a p a t b e r u p a p e r b a ik a n , d s b
7 . M e m i l i k i P e n g o l a h S i s t e m ( p r o c e s s )
P e r u b a h m a s u k k a n m e n ja d i k e lu a r a n .
T r a n s f o r m a s i ( P r o s e s ) , b a g ia n s is t e m y a n g m e m p r o s e s in p u t d a t a m e n ja d i in f o r m a s i s e s u a i d e n g a n
k e in g in a n p e n e r im a .
- p e n g u r u t a n
- p e n g g a b u n g a n
- p e n c a r ia n
- k la s if ik a s i, d s b
C o n t o h : P a d a s is t e m k o m p u t e r m e r u b a h d a t a m e n ja d i in f o r m a s i.
8 . M e m i l i k i S a s a r a n a t a u T u j u a n s i s t e m ( o b y e k t i v e / g o a l )
S is t e m b is n is y a n g t e p a t t u ju a n ( g o a l) , s is t e m a k u n t a n s i a t a u s u b s is t e m y a n g le b ih k e c il m a k a is t ila h
s a s a r a n ( o b y e k t iv e ) le b ih t e p a t .
T u ju a n s is t e m , d a p a t b e r u p a :
- T u ju a n e k o n o m i
- T u ju a n m a n u s ia w i
- T u ju a n s o s ia l
6. B A B 3
P E N T I N G N Y A S I S T E M I N F O R M A S I M A N A J E M E N
S i s t e m In f o r m a s i u n t u k P e n g a m b i l a n K e p u t u s a n M a n a j e m e n .
S is t e m in f o r m a s i m a n a je m e n a t a u S I M ( m a n a g e m e n t in f o r m a t io n s y s t e m ) a d a la h s is t e m in f o r m a s i
y a n g d ir a n c a n g u n t u k m e n y e d ia k a n in f o r m a s i a k u r a t , t e p a t w a k t u , d a n r e le v a n y a n g d ib u t u h k a n
u n t u k p e n g a m b ila n k e p u t u s a n o le h p a r a m a n a je r . K o n s e p S I M a d a la h m e n ia d a k a n p e n g e m b a n g a n
y a n g t id a k e f is ie n d a n p e n g g u n a a n k o m p u t e r y a n g t id a k e f e k t if . K o n s e p S I M s a n g a t p e n t in g u n t u k
s is t e m in f o r m a s i y a n g e f e k t if d a n e f is ie n o le h k a r e n a :
- M e n e k a n k a n p a d a o r ie n t a s i m a n a je m e n ( m a n a g e m e n t o r ie n t a t io n ) d a r i p e m r o s e s a n in f o r m a s i
p a d a b is n is y a n g b e r t u ju a n m e n d u k u n g p e n g a m b ila n k e p u t u s a n m a n a je m e n ( m a n a g e m e n t d e c is io n
m a k in g ) .
- M e n e k a n k a n b a h w a k e r a n g k a s is t e m ( s y s t e m f r a m e w o r k ) h a r u s d ig u n a k a n u n t u k m e n g a t u r
p e n g g u n a a n s is t e m in f o r m a s i. P e n g g u n a a n s is t e m in f o r m a s i p a d a b is n is h a r u s d ilih a t s e b a g a i s u a t u
in t e g r a s i d a n b e r h u b u n g a n , t id a k s e b a g a i p r o s e s y a n g b e r d ir i s e n d ir i.
S e c a r a g a r i s b e s a r S I M t e r d i r i d a r i 3 m a c a m y a k n i :
- I n f o r m a t io n R e p o r t in g S y s t e m s
I n f o r m a t io n r e p o r t in g s y s t e m s ( I R S ) m e n y e d ia k a n in f o r m a s i p r o d u k b a g i m a n a je r ia l e n d u s e r s u n t u k
m e m b a n t u m e r e k a d a la m p e n g a m b ila n k e p u t u s a n d a r i h a r i k e h a r i. A k s e s d a t a I R S b e r is i in f o r m a s i
t e n t a n g o p e r a s i in t e r n a l y a n g t e la h d ip r o s e s s e b e lu m n y a o le h t r a n s a c t io n p r o c e s s in g s y s t e m s .
I n f o r m a s i p r o d u k m e m b e r i g a m b a r a n d a n la p o r a n y a n g d a p a t d ile n g k a p i
( 1 ) b e r d a s a r k a n p e r m in t a a n ,
( 2 ) s e c a r a p e r io d ik , a t a u
( 3 ) k e t ik a t e r ja d i s it u a s i p e n g e c u a lia n .
S e b a g a i c o n t o h , m a n a je r p e n ju a la n d a p a t m e n e r im a la p o r a n a n a lis a p e n ju a la n s e t ia p m in g g u n y a
u n t u k m e n g e v a lu a s i h a s i l p e n ju a la n p r o d u k .
- D e c is io n S u p p o r t S y s t e m s
D e c is io n s u p p o r t s y s t e m s ( D S S ) m e r u p a k a n k e m a ju a n d a r i in f o r m a t io n r e p o r t in g
s y s t e m s d a n t r a n s a c t io n p r o c e s s in g s y s t e m s . D S S a d a la h in t e r a k t if , s is t e m in f o r m a s i b e r b a s is
k o m p u t e r y a n g m e n g g u n a k a n m o d e l k e p u t u s a n d a n d a t a b a s e k h u s u s u n t u k m e m b a n t u p r o s e s
p e n g a m b ila n k e p u t u s a n b a g i m a n a je r ia l e n d u s e r s . S e b a g a i c o n t o h , p r o g r a m k e r t a s k e r ja e le k t r o n ik
m e m u d a h k a n m a n a je r ia l e n d u s e r m e n e r im a r e s p o n s e c a r a in t e r a k t if u n t u k p e r a m a la n p e n ju a la n
a t a u k e u n t u n g a n .
7. - E x e c u t iv e I n f o r m a t io n S y s t e m s
E x e c u t iv e in f o r m a t io n s y s t e m s ( E I S ) a d a la h t ip e S I M y a n g s e s u a i u n t u k k e b u t u h a n in f o r m a s i s t r a t e g is
b a g i m a n a je m e n a t a s . T u ju a n d a r i s is t e m in f o r m a s i e k s e k u t if b e r b a s is k o m p u t e r a d a la h
m e n y e d ia k a n a k s e s y a n g m u d a h d a n c e p a t u n t u k in f o r m a s i s e le k t if t e n t a n g f a k t o r - f a k t o r k u n c i
d a la m m e n ja la n k a n t u ju a n s t r a t e g is p e r u s a h a a n b a g i m a n a je m e n a t a s . J a d i E I S h a r u s m u d a h u n t u k
d io p e r a s ik a n d a n d im e n g e r t i ( O ’ b r ie n , 2 0 0 0 ) .
K e n a p a S i s t e m I n f o r m a s i P e n t i n g d a l a m p e r s a i n g a n b i s n i s y a n g s e m a k i n k o m p e t i t i f s a a t i n i .
K e u n g g u la n k o m p e t it if d a p a t d ic ip t a k a n p a d a k e t ig a le v e l p ir a m id a f u n g s io n a l p e r u s a h a a n :
– K e u n g g u la n S t a t e g is : K e u n t u n g a n d ic a p a i m e la lu i s e le k s i a r a h s t r a t e g i m e n d a s a r d a n t u ju a n
p e r u s a h a a n
– K e u n g g u la n T a k t is : m e t o d e u n t u k m e n y e m p u r n a k a n s t r a t e g i d a la m c a r a y a n g le b ih b a ik d a r i
p e s a in g
– K e n g g u la n O p e r a s io n a l: t r a n s a k s i d a n p r o s e s h a r ia n y a n g m e m b e r i k e u n t u n g a n
A d a p u n p e r a n a n d a n f u n g s i u t a m a d a r i s i s t e m i n f o r m a s i a d a l a h :
1 . M e n d u k u n g O p e r a s i B i s n i s .
M u la i d a r i a k u n t a n s i s a m p a i d e n g a n p e n e lu s u r a n p e s a n a n p e la n g g a n , s is t e m in f o r m a s i m e n y e d ia k a n
d u k u n g a n b a g i m a n a je m e n d a la m o p e r a s i/ k e g ia t a n b is n is s e h a r i - h a r i. K e t ik a t a n g g a p a n / r e s p o n y a n g
c e p a t m e n ja d i p e n t in g , m a k a k e m a m p u a n S is t e m I n f o r m a s i u n t u k d a p a t m e n g u m p u lk a n d a n
m e n g in t e g r a s ik a n in f o r m a s i k e b e r b a g a i f u n g s i b is n is m e n ja d i k r it is / p e n t in g .
2 . M e n d u k u n g P e n g a m b i l a n K e p u t u s a n M a n a g e r i a l .
S is t e m in f o r m a s i d a p a t m e n g k o m b in a s ik a n in f o r m a s i u n t u k m e m b a n t u m a n a g e r m e n ja la n k a n
m e n ja la n k a n b is n is d e n g a n le b ih b a ik , in f o r m a s i y a n g s a m a d a p a t m e m b a n t u p a r a m a n a je r
m e n g id e n t if ik a s ik a n k e c e n d e r u n g a n d a n u n t u k m e n g e v a lu a s i h a s il d a r i k e p u t u s a n s e b e lu m n y a .
S is t e m I n f o r m a s i a k a n m e m b a n t u p a r a m a n a je r m e m b u a t k e p u t u s a n y a n g le b ih b a ik , le b ih c e p a t ,
d a n le b ih b e r m a k n a .
3 . M e n d u k u n g K e u n g g u l a n S t r a t e g i s .
S is t e m in f o r m a s i y a n g d ir a n c a n g u n t u k m e m b a n t u p e n c a p a ia n s a s a r a n s t r a t e g is p e r u s a h a a n d a p a t
m e n c ip t a k a n k e u n g g u la n b e r s a in g d i p a s a r .
S is t e m in f o r m a s i d a p a t m e m a in k a n p e r a n y a n g b e s a r d a la m m e n d u k u n g t u ju a n s t r a t e g is d a r i s e b u a h
p e r u s a h a a n . S e b u a h p e r u s a h a a n d a p a t b e r t a h a n d a n s u k s e s d a la m w a k t u la m a jik a p e r u s a h a a n it u
s u k s e s m e m b a n g u n s t r a t e g i u n t u k m e la w a n k e k u a t a n p e r s a in g a n y a n g b e r u p a :
( 1 ) p e r s a in g a n d a r i p a r a p e s a in g y a n g b e r a d a d i in d u s t r i y a n g s a m a ,
( 2 ) a n c a m a n d a r i p e r u s a h a a n b a r u ,
( 3 ) a n c a m a n d a r i p r o d u k p e n g g a n t i,
( 4 ) k e k u a t a n t a w a r - m e n a w a r d a r i k o n s u m e n , d a n
8. ( 5 ) k e k u a t a n t a w a r - m e n a w a r d a r i p e m a s o k .
K e lim a f a k t o r t e r s e b u t m e r u p a k a n h a l - h a l y a n g h a r u s d ip e r h a t i k a n d a la m m e m b a n g u n u p a y a
p e m a s a r a n y a n g m e n g a r a h k e p a d a c o m p e t it iv e a d v a n t a g e s t r a t e g ie s . H u b u n g a n k e lim a f a k t o r
t e r s e b u t d a p a t d ig a m b a r k a n s e p e r t i p a d a g a m b a r 2 b e r ik u t .
G a m b a r 2 . L in g k u n g a n P e r s a in g a n D a r i S e b u a h I n d u s t r i
B e b e r a p a s t r a t e g i b e r s a in g y a n g d a p a t d ib a n g u n u n t u k m e m e n a n g k a n p e r s a in g a n a d a la h :
C o s t le a d e r s h ip ( k e u n g g u la n b ia y a ) – m e n ja d i p r o d u s e n p r o d u k a t a u ja s a d e n g a n b ia y a
r e n d a h .
P r o d u c t d if f e r e n t ia t io n ( p e r b e d a a n p r o d u k ) – m e n g e m b a n g k a n c a r a u n t u k m e n g h a s ilk a n
p r o d u k a t a u ja s a y a n g b e r b e d a d e n g a n p e s a in g .
I n n o v a t io n – m e n e m u k a n c a r a b a r u u n t u k m e n ja la n k a n u s a h a , t e r m a s u k d i d a la m n y a
p e n g e m b a n g a n p r o d u k b a r u d a n c a r a b a r u d a la m m e m p r o d u k s i a t a u m e n d is t r ib u s i p r o d u k
d a n ja s a .
S i s t e m i n f o r m a s i m a n a j e m e n ( S I M ) d a p a t m e n o l o n g p e r u s a h a a n u n t u k :
1 . M e n i n g k a t k a n e f i s i e n s i o p e r a s i o n a l
I n v e s t a s i d i d a la m t e k n o lo g i s is t e m in f o r m a s i d a p a t m e n o lo n g o p e r a s i p e r u s a h a a n m e n ja d i le b ih
e f is ie n . E f is ie n s i o p e r a s io n a l m e m b u a t p e r u s a h a a n d a p a t m e n ja la n k a n s t r a t e g i k e u n g g u la n b ia y a
( lo w - c o s t le a d e r s h ip ) .
D e n g a n m e n a n a m k a n in v e s t a s i p a d a t e k n o lo g i s is t e m in f o r m a s i, p e r u s a h a a n ju g a d a p a t
m e n a n a m k a n r in t a n g a n u n t u k m e m a s u k i in d u s t r i t e r s e b u t ( b a r r ie r s t o e n t r y ) d e n g a n ja la n
m e n in g k a t k a n b e s a r n y a in v e s t a s i a t a u k e r u m it a n t e k n o lo g i y a n g d ip e r lu k a n u n t u k m e m a s u k i
p e r s a in g a n p a s a r .
S e la in it u , c a r a la in y a n g d a p a t d it e m p u h a d a la h m e n g ik a t ( l o c k in ) k o n s u m e n d a n p e m a s o k d e n g a n
c a r a m e m b a n g u n h u b u n g a n b a r u y a n g le b ih b e r n ila i d e n g a n m e r e k a .
2 . M e m p e r k e n a l k a n i n o v a s i d a l a m b i s n i s
9. P e n g g u n a a n A T M ( a u t o m a t e d t e lle r m a c h in e ) d a la m p e r b a n k a n m e r u p a k a n c o n t o h y a n g b a ik d a r i
in o v a s i t e k n o lo g i s is t e m in f o r m a s i. D e n g a n a d a n y a A T M , b a n k - b a n k b e s a r d a p a t m e m p e r o le h
k e u n t u n g a n s t r a t e g is m e le b ih i p e s a in g m e r e k a y a n g b e r la n g s u n g b e b e r a p a t a h u n .
P e n e k a n a n u t a m a d a la m s is t e m in f o r m a s i s t r a t e g is a d a la h m e m b a n g u n b ia y a p e r t u k a r a n ( s w it c h in g
c o s t s ) k e d a la m h u b u n g a n a n t a r a p e r u s a h a a n d e n g a n k o n s u m e n a t a u p e m a s o k n y a . S e b u a h c o n t o h
y a n g b a g u s d a r i h a l in i a d a la h s is t e m r e s e r v a s i p e n e r b a n g a n t e r k o m p u t e r is a s i y a n g d it a w a r k a n
k e p a d a a g e n p e r ja la n a n o le h p e r u s a h a a n p e n e r b a n g a n b e s a r . B ila s e b u a h a g e n p e r ja la n a n t e la h
m e n ja la n k a n s is t e m r e s e r v a s i t e r k o m p u t e r is a s i t e r s e b u t , m a k a m e r e k a a k a n s e g a n u t n u k
m e n g g u n a k a n s is t e m r e s e r v a s i d a r i p e n e r b a n g a n la in .
3 . M e m b a n g u n s u m b e r - s u m b e r i n f o r m a s i s t r a t e g i s
T e k n o lo g i s is t e m in f o r m a s i m e m a m p u k a n p e r u s a h a a n u n t u k m e m b a n g u n s u m b e r in f o r m a s i
s t r a t e g is s e h in g g a m e n d a p a t k e s e m p a t a n d a la m k e u n t u n g a n s t r a t e g is . H a l in i b e r a r t i m e m p e r o le h
p e r a n g k a t k e r a s d a n p e r a n g k a t lu n a k , m e n g e m b a n g k a n ja r in g a n t e le k o m u n ik a s i, m e n y e w a s p e s ia lis
s is t e m in f o r m a s i, d a n m e la t ih e n d u s e r s .
S is t e m in f o r m a s i m e m u n g k in k a n p e r u s a h a a n u n t u k m e m b u a t b a s is in f o r m a s i s t r a t e g is ( s t r a t e g ic
in f o r m a t io n b a s e ) y a n g d a p a t m e n y e d ia k a n in f o r m a s i u n t u k m e n d u k u n g s t r a t e g i b e r s a in g
p e r u s a h a a n . I n f o r m a s i in i m e r u p a k a n a s e t y a n g s a n g a t b e r h a r g a d a la m m e n in g k a t k a n o p e r a s i y a n g
e f is ie n d a n m a n a je m e n y a n g e f e k t if d a r i p e r u s a h a a n .
S e b a g a i c o n t o h , b a n y a k u s a h a y a n g m e n g g u n a k a n in f o r m a s i b e r b a s is k o m p u t e r t e n t a n g k o n s u m e n
m e r e k a u n t u k m e m b a n t u m e r a n c a n g k a m p a n y e p e m a s a r a n u n t u k m e n ju a l p r o d u k b a r u k e p a d a
k o n s u m e n .
10. B A B 4
K O N S E P D A N K O M P O N E N S I S T E M I N F O R M A S I M A N A J E M E N
K o m p o n e n S i s t e m In f o r m a s i M a n a j e m a n
S is t e m in f o r m a s i m a n a je m e n a d a la h s e lu r u h e le m e n y a n g m e m b e n t u k s u a t u s is t e m in f o r m a s i.
K o m p o n e n s is t e m in f o r m a s i t e r b a g i m e n ja d i d u a y a it u k o m p o n e n S is t e m in f o r m a s i m a n a je m e n
s e c a r a f u n g s io n a l d a n s is t e m in f o r m a s i m a n a je m e n s e c a r a f is ik
1 . K o m p o n e n S i s t e m I n f o r m a s i M a n a j e m e n S e c a r a F u n g s i o n a l
K o m p o n e n s is t e m in f o r m a s i a d a la h s e lu r u h k o m p o n e n y a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n t e k n ik
p e n g u m p u la n d a t a , p e n g o la h a n , p e n g ir im a n , p e n y im p a n a n , d a n p e n y a jia n in f o r m a s i y a n g
d ib u t u h k a n u n t u k m a n a je m e n , m e lip u t i:
a . S i s t e m A d m i n i s t r a s i d a n O p e r a s i o n a l
S is t e m in i m e la k s a n a k a n k e g ia t a n - k e g ia t a n r u t in s e p e r t i b a g ia n p e r s o n a lia , a d m in is t r a s i d a n
s e b a g a in y a d im a n a t e la h d it e n t u k a n p r o s e d u r - p r o s e d u r n y a d a n s is t e m in i h a r u s d it e lit i t e r u s
m e n e r u s a g a r p e r u b a h a n - p e r u b a h a n d a p a t s e g e r a d ik e t a h u i.
b . S i s t e m P e l a p o r a n M a n a j e m e n
S is t e m in i m e r u p a k a n s is t e m y a n g m e m ilik i f u n g s i u n t u k m e m b u a t d a n m e n y a m p a ik a n la p o r a n
la p o r a n y a n g b e r s if a t p e r io d ik k e p a d a p a r a p e n g a m b il k e p u t u s a n , s e h in g g a p a r a p e n g a m b il
k e p u t u s a n m e m ilik i b a h a n - b a h a n a t a u in f o r m a s i - in fo r m a s i y a n g d i p e r lu k a n u n t u k m e n g a m b il
k e p u t u s a n d e n g a n b e n a r .
c . S i s t e m D a t a b a s e
D a t a b a s e a d a la h s u a t u p e n g o r g a n is a s ia n s e k u m p u la n d a t a y a n g s a lin g t e r k a it s e h in g g a
m e m u d a h k a n a k t iv it a s u n t u k m e m p e r o le h in f o r m a s i. B a s is d a t a y a n g d im a k s u d k a n u n t u k m e n g a t a s i
p r o b le m p a d a s is t e m y a n g m e m a k a i p e n d e k a t a n b e b a s is b e r k a s
S is t e m D a t a b a s e b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i t e m p a t p e n y im p a n a n d a t a d a n in f o r m a s i o le h b e b e r a p a u n it
o r g a n is a s i, d im a n a d a t a b a s e m e m p u n y a i k e c e n d e r u n g a n b e r k e m b a n g s e ja la n d e n g a n
p e r k e m b a n g a n o r g a n is a s i, s e h in g g a in t e r a k s i a n t a r u n it a k a n b e r t a m b a h b e s a r y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n
in f o r m a s i y a n g d ib u t u h k a n ju g a a k a n s e m a k in b e r t a m b a h .
U n t u k m e n g e lo la b a s is d a t a d ip e r lu k a n p e r a n g k a t lu n a k y a n g d i s e b u t D B M S . D B M S a d a la h
p e r a n g k a t lu n a k s is t e m y a n g m e m u n g k in k a n p a r a p e m a k a i m e m b u a t , m e m e lih a r a , m e n g o n t r o l, d a n
m e n g a k s e s b a s is d a t a d e n g a n c a r a y a n g p r a k t is d a n e f e s ie n .
d . S i s t e m P e n c a r i a n
B e r f u n g s i m e m b e r ik a n d a t a a t a u in f o r m a s i y a n g d ib u t u h k a n d a la m p e n g a m b ila n k e p u t u s a n s e s u a i
d e n g a n p e r m in t a a n d a n d a la m b e n t u k y a n g t id a k t e r s t r u k t u r .
e . M a n a j e m e n D a t a
M a n a je m e n D a t a a d a la h b a g ia n d a r i m a n a je m e n s u m b e r d a y a in f o r m a s i y a n g m e n c a k u p s e m u a
k e g ia t a n y a n g m e m a s t ik a n b a h w a d a t a :
11. 1 . D a t a A k u r a t
2 . U p t o D a t e ( M u t a k h ir )
3 . A m a n
4 . T e r s e d ia b a g i p e m a k a i ( u s e r )
B e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i m e d ia p e n g h u b u n g a n t a r a k o m p o n e n - k o m p o n e n s is t e m in f o r m a s i d e n g a n
d a t a b a s e d a n a n t a r a m a s in g - m a s in g k o m p o n e n s is t e m in f o r m a s i.
2 . K o m p o n e n S i s t e m I n f o r m a s i M a n a j e m e n S e c a r a F i s i k
K o m p o n e n S is t e m I n f o r m a s i M a n a je m e n s e c a r a f is ik a d a la h k e s e lu r u h a n p e r a n g k a t d a n p e r a la t a n
f is ik y a n g d ig u n a k a n u n t u k m e n ja la n k a n s is t e m in f o r m a s i m a n a je m e n . K o m p o n e n - k o m p o n e n
t e r s e b u t m e lip u t i:
a . P e r a n g k a t k e r a s :
P e r a n g k a t k e r a s a d a la h s a la h s a t u k o m p o n e n d a r i s e b u a h k o m p u t e r y a n g s if a t a la t n y a b is a d ilih a t
d a n d ir a b a o le h m a n u s ia s e c a r a la n g s u n g a t a u y a n g b e r b e n t u k n y a t a , y a n g b e r f u n g s i u n t u k
m e n d u k u n g p r o s e s k o m p u t e r is a s i.
H a r d w a r e d a p a t b e k e r ja b e r d a s a r k a n p e r in t a h y a n g t e la h d it e n t u k a n a d a p a d a n y a , a t a u y a n g ju g a
d is e b u t d e n g a n d e n g a n is t ila h in s t r u c t io n s e t . D e n g a n a d a n y a p e r in t a h y a n g d a p a t d im e n g e r t i o le h
h a r d w a r e t e r s e b u t , m a k a h a r d w a r e t e r s e b u t d a p a t m e la k u k a n b e r b a g a i k e g ia t a n y a n g t e la h
d it e n t u k a n o le h p e m b e r i p e r in t a h .
H a r d w a r e m e m ilik i k o m p o n e n p o k o k y a it u :
- I n p u t
- P e m r o s e s a n ( C P U )
- P e n y im p a n a n
- O u t p u t
b . P e r a n g k a t l u n a k
J ik a p e r a n g k a t k e r a s a d a la h k o m p o n e n y a n g n y a t a y a n g d a p a t d ilia t d a n d is e n t u h o le h m a n u s ia ,
m a k a s o f t w a r e a t a u P e r a n g k a t lu n a k t id a k d a p a t d is e n t u h d a n d ilih a t s e c a r a f is ik . .
S o f t w a r e a d a la h s e k u m p u la n d a t a e le k t r o n ik y a n g d is im p a n d a n d ia t u r o le h k o m p u t e r , d a t a
e le k t r o n ik y a n g d is im p a n o le h k o m p u t e r it u d a p a t b e r u p a p r o g r a m a t a u in s t r u k s i y a n g a k a n
m e n ja la n k a n s u a t u p e r in t a h . m e la lu i s o f w a r e a t a u p e r a n g k a t lu n a k in ila h s u a t u k o m p u t e r d a p a t
m e n ja la n k a n s u a t u p e r in t a h
P e r a n g k a t L u n a k d i b a g i m e n j a d i 3 :
S is t e m p e r a n g k a t lu n a k u m u m , s e p e r t i s is t e 1 . s is t e m p e n g o p e r a s ia n d a n s is t e m m a n a je m e n d a t a
y a n g m e m u n g k in k a n p e n g o p e r a s ia n s is t e m c o m p u t e r
A p lik a s i p e r a n g k a t lu n a k u m u m , s e p e r t i m o d e l a n a lis is d a n k e p u t u s a n
A p lik a s i p e r a n g k a t lu n a k y g t e r d ir i a t a s p r o g r a m y a n g s e c a r a s p e s if ik d ib u a t u n t u k s e t ia p a p lik a s i
12. c . D a t a B a s e
D a t a b a s e b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i t e m p a t p e n y im p a n a n d a t a d a n in f o r m a s i o le h b e b e r a p a u n it o r g a n is a s i,
d im a n a d a t a b a s e m e m p u n y a i k e c e n d e r u n g a n b e r k e m b a n g s e ja la n d e n g a n p e r k e m b a n g a n
o r g a n is a s i, s e h in g g a in t e r a k s i a n t a r u n it a k a n b e r t a m b a h b e s a r y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n in f o r m a s i y a n g
d ib u t u h k a n ju g a a k a n s e m a k in b e r t a m b a h .
T u ju a n u t a m a d a r i d a t a b a s e a d a la h :
- M e n g h in d a r i p e n g u la n g a n d a t a ( r e d u d a n s i)
- M e n c a p a i in d e p e d e n s i d a t a ( k e m a m p u a n u n t u k m e m b u a t p e r u b a h a n d a la m s t u k t u r d a t a t a n p a
m e m b u a t p e r u b a h a n p a d a p r o g r a m y a n g m e m p r o s e s d a t a . I n d e p e d e n s i d a t a d ic a p a i d e n g a n
m e n e m p a t k a n s p e s if ik a s i d a la m t a b le d a n k a m u s y a n g t e r p is a h s e c a r a f is ik d a r i p r o g r a m .
d . P r o s e d u r p e n g o p e r a s i a n
P r o s e d u r m e r u p a k a n k o m p o n e n f is ik k a r e n a p r o s e d u r d is e d ia k a n d lm b e n t u k f is ik s e p e r t i b u k u
p a n d u a n & in s t r u k s i, t e r d ir i d a r i 3 je n is p r o s e d u r
- I n s t r u k s i u n t u k p e m a k a i, c a r a y a n g d ip e r lu k a n b a g i p e m a k a i u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n i n f o r m a s i y a n g
a k a n d ig u n a k a n
- I n s t r u k s i p e n y ia p a n d a t a s e b a g a i in p u t
- I n s t r u k s i o p e r a s io n a l
e . P e r s o n a l i a p e n g o p e r a s i a n
1 . O p e r a t o r
2 . P r o g r a m m e r
3 . A n a lis a s y s t e m
4 . P e r s o n a lia p e n y ia p a n d a t a
5 . K o o r d in a t o r o p e r a s io n a l S I M d a n p e n g e m b a n g a n n y a .
K o m p o n e n - k o m p o n e n s i s t e m i n f o r m a s i t e r d i r i d a r i :
a . M a n u s i a
M a n u s ia d ip e r lu k a n d a la m o p e r a s i s is t e m in f o r m a s i. S u m b e r d a y a m a n u s ia in i m e lip u t i p e m a k a i
a k h ir d a n p a k a r s is t e m . P e m a k a i a k h ir a d a la h o r a n g y a n g m e n g g u n a k a n in f o r m a s i y a n g d ih a s ilk a n
s is t e m in f o r m a s i, m is a ln y a p e la n g g a n , p e m a s o k , t e k n is i, m a h a s is w a , d o s e n d a n o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g
b e r k e p e n t in g a n . S e d a n g k a n p a k a r s is t e m in f o r m a s i a d a la h o r a n g y a n g m e n g e m b a n g k a n d a n
m e n g o p e r a s ik a n s is t e m in f o r m a s i, m is a ln y a s y s t e m a n a ly s t , d e v e lo p e r , o p e r a t o r s is t e m d a n s t a f
a d m in is t r a s i la in n y a ( M u ly a n t o , 2 0 0 9 ) .
b . H a r d w a r e
S u m b e r d a y a h a r d w a r e a d a la h s e m u a p e r a la t a n y a n g d ig u n a k a n d a la m m e m p r o s e s in f o r m a s i,
m is a ln y a k o m p u t e r d a n p e r if e r a ln y a , le m b a r k e r t a s , d is k m a g n e t ic a t a u o p t ik d a n f la s h d is k
( M u ly a n t o , 2 0 0 9 ) .
c . S o f t w a r e
S o f t w a r e m e r u p a k a n s e k u m p u la n p e r in t a h / f u n g s i y a n g d it u lis d e n g a n a t u r a n t e r t e n t u u n t u k
m e m e r in t a h k a n k o m p u t e r a g a r m e la k s a n a k a n s e s u a t u ( L a d ja m u d in , 2 0 0 5 ) .
13. d . D a t a
D a t a m e r u p a k a n d a s a r s u m b e r d a y a o r g a n is a s i y a n g d ip e r lu k a n u n t u k m e m p r o s e s in f o r m a s i. D a t a
d a p a t b e r b e n t u k t e k s , g a m b a r , a u d io m a u p u n v id e o . S u m b e r d a y a in f o r m a s i u m u m n y a d ia t u r ,
d is im p a n d a n d ia k s e s o le h b e r b a g a i p e n g e lo la a n s u m b e r d a y a d a t a k e d a la m d a t a b a s e d a n d a s a r
p e n g e t a h u a n ( L a ja m u d in , 2 0 0 5 ) .
e . J a r i n g a n
S u m b e r d a y a ja r in g a n m e r u p a k a n m e d ia k o m u n ik a s i y a n g m e n g h u b u n g k a n k o m p u t e r , p e m r o s e s
k o m u n ik a s i d a n p e r a la t a n la in n y a d e n g a n k e n d a li s o f t w a r e k o m u n ik a s i. J a r in g a n d a p a t b e r u p a k a b e l,
s a t e lit , s e lu le r d a n p e n d u k u n g ja r in g a n s e p e r t i m o d e m , s o f t w a r e p e n g e n d a li s e r t a p r o s e s o r a n t a r
ja r in g a n ( L a d ja m u d in , 2 0 0 5 ) .
K e s e lu r u h a n k o m p o n e n s is t e m in f o r m a s i t e r s e b u t s a lin g t e r k a it s a t u s a m a la in d a la m s is t e m
in f o r m a s i. S is t e m in f o r m a s i d ib a n g u n m e n g g u n a k a n t e k n o lo g i k o m u n ik a s i d a n in f o r m a s i y a it u
h a r d w a r e , s o f t w a r e d a n ja r in g a n . K e t ig a k o m p o n e n t e r s e b u t d ip a k a i u n t u k m e n g o la h d a t a y a n g
d ip e r o le h u n t u k m e n g h a s ilk a n in f o r m a s i y a n g le b ih b e r m a n f a a t . K e s e lu r u h a n p r o s e s p e n g o la h a n
in f o r m a s i t id a k le p a s d a r i k o m p o n e n m a n u s ia . M a n u s ia a d a la h k o m p o n e n p e n t in g s is t e m in f o r m a s i
k a r e n a s is t e m in f o r m a s i a d a la h b e n d a y a n g t id a k b e r m a n f a a t b ila t id a k d ig u n a k a n o le h m a n u s ia .
14. B A B 4
I M P L E M E N T A S I D A L A M P E R U S A H A A N
S i s t e m I n f o r m a s i M a n a j e m e n y a n g a d a d i P e r u s a h a a n d i t e m p a t s a y a b e k e r j a y a i t u :
P r o g r a m I n v e n t o r y & S a l o n S y s t e m :
P o in t o f S a le ( P O S ) a d a la h s e b u a h s is t e m y a n g d ig u n a k a n u n t u m e la k u k a n t r a n s a k s i p e n ju a la n r e t a il,
s e p e r t i d i r e s t o r a n a t a u c a f e m is a ln y a . U m u m n y a s e b u a h s is t e m P O S m e r u p a k a n s e p e r a n g k a t
k o m p u t e r d a n m e s in k a s ir ( c a s h r e g is t e r ) .
S is t e m in i u n t u k m e n e r im a p e m b a y a r a n le w a t k a r t u k r e d it a t a u d e b it .
T a p i b e r k a t k e c a n g g ih a n t e k n o lo g i z a m a n s e k a r a n g , P O S k in i t a k c u m a s e k a d a r d ig u n a k a n u n t u k
u r u s a n b a y a r - m e m b a y a r .
D a la m p e r u s a h a a n M a r t h a T ila a r m e n g u t a m a k a n p e n ju a la n p r o d u k d a n ja s a , y a it u d e n g a n s is t e m
m e n g g u n a k a n P o in t o f S a le y a n g t e r k o m p u t e r is a s i. S o f t w a r e in i d io p e r a s ik a n o le h s a t u k o m p u t e r
u t a m a , d a n t e r h u b u n g d e n g a n b e b e r a p a t e r m in a l c h e c k o u t t e r p is a h .
- P r o g r a m P O S ,
- I n v e n t o r y d a n K e u a n g a n S a lo n & S p a u n t u k M T M S a lo n & S p a , P o n d o k I n d a h - J a k a r t a S e la t a n ,
- P r o g r a m P O S & I n v e n t o r y P T M a r t h a B e a u t y G a lle r y ( M A R T H A T I L A A R ) , J a k a r t a P u s a t d a n K a n t o r
C a b a n g la in n y a ,
- P r o g r a m P O S & I n v e n t o r y P T C a n t ik a P u s p a P e s o n a ( M A R T H A T I L A A R ) , J a k a r t a T im u r d a n K a n t o r
C a b a n g la in n y a ,
- P r o g r a m P O S & I n v e n t o r y E F J A M a r k e t in g , J a k a r t a B a r a t d a n K a n t o r C a b a n g la in n y a ,
- P r o g r a m P O S & I n v e n t o r y B E A U T Y W O R L D , J a k a r t a U t a r a d a n K a n t o r C a b a n g la in n y a , B O E N G A -
B e a u t y & R e la x a t io n S p a , P o n d o k I n d a h , J a k a r t a S e la t a n . D E W I S A K T I - S a lo n & R e f le k s i, P A T I -
J A T E N G , B E A U V O I R H A I R D E S I G N , P a n t a i I n d a h K a p u k , J a k a r t a U t a r a , R r a a 'z C a f e & S p a , S u k a b u m i,
L a k a L a k a S p a - T e g a l - J A T E N G , T ir t a A y u S p a - B o jo n e g o r o - J A T I M .
P r o g r a m P O S it u b is a d ia k s e s s e t ia p o u t le t M a r t h a T ila a r S a lo n & S p a C a b a n g m a u p u n F r a n c h is e y a n g
a d a d id a la m I n d o n e s ia m a u p u n d i L u a r N e g e r i.
P r o g r a m P O S in i s a n g a t b a g u s d it e r a p k a n d i s e t ia p o u t le t M a r t h a T ila a r k a r e n a P r o g r a m P O S it u
d ig u n a k a n u n t u k :
- M e n g a n a lis is d a t a p e n ju a la n
- M e n y im p a n r e k a m a n d a t a p e n ju a la n
- M e n in g k a t k a n k e a k u r a t a n b illin g
P e n g in p u t a n d a t a s e t ia p c u s t o m e r y a n g d a t a n g k e M a r t h a T ila a r S a lo n & S p a , d a la m p r o g r a m P O S
k it a b is a m e lih a t d a t a b a s e c u s t o m e r y a n g d id a la m n y a t e r d a p a t p e n g g u n a a n p r o d u k , p e n g g u n a a n
ja s a / s e r v ic e , s e h in g g a d a r i d a t a b a s e t e r s e b u t d ig u n a k a n M a r t h a T ila a r u n t u k m e n g e m b a n g k a n d a n
m e m a ju k a n u s a h a d e n g a n c a r a m e n in g k a t k a n p e la y a n a n c u s t o m e r y a n g d id a p a t d a r i d a t a b a s e
t e r s e b u t .
15. D e n g a n P r o g r a m P O S in i d a p a t m e n g u k u r k in e r ja F r a n c h is e d a n m e lih a t p e r k e m b a n g a n k e m a ju a n
P e r u s a h a a n d a n k in e r ja k a r y a w a n M a r t h a T ila a r S a lo n & S p a .
S e k ia n im p le m e n t a s i s y s t e m in f o r m a s i m a n a je m e n y a n g a d a d i p e r u s a h a a n M a r t h a T ila a r G r o u p .
T e r im a k a s ih .
S o u r c e :
A d b u l K a d ir t a h u n 2 0 0 3 d e n g a n ju d u l P e n g e n a la n S is t e m I n f o r m a s i
M if t a h u l J a n n a h d e n g a n ju d u l T u lis a n K o m p u t e r S e b a g a i A la t B a n t u P a d a S is t e m I n f o r m a s i
R ija l F a d ila h d e n g a n ju d u l T u lis a n S t r u k t u r S is t e m I n f o r m a s i M a n a je m e n
h t t p : / / b e la ja r - k o m p u t e r - m u . c o m / p e n g e r t ia n s o f t w a r e p e r a n g k a t lu n a k c o m p u t e r & p e n g e r t ia n
h a r d w a r e p e r a n g k a t k e r a s c o m p u t e r
h t t p : / / g r e e a o n e . w o r d p r e s s . c o m / 2 0 1 0 / 0 9 / 2 7 / k o m p o n e n - k o m p o n e n - p e n d u k u n g -s im /
h t t p : / / a b h iq u e . b lo g s p o t . c o m / 2 0 1 2 / 1 1 / k o m p o n e n - k o m p o n e n - s is t e m - in f o r m a s i. h t m l
h t t p s : / / w w w . n a d ip o s . c o m / b lo g / p e n g e r t ia n - s is t e m - p o s /
g r a c e . b lo g s t u d e n t . m b .ip b .a c . id / . . ./ p e n g g u n a a n -s is t e m - in f o r m a s i- d i- s u a t u -p e r u s a h a a n - .
h t t p s : / / c h t ia r a . b lo g s p o t . c o m / 2 0 1 3 / 0 9 / k a r a k t e r is t ik - s is t e m - in f o r m a s i - m a n a je m e n . h t m l
h t t p : / / d o s e n it . c o m / k u lia h - it / s is t e m - in f o r m a s i/ k a r a k t e r is t ik - s is t e m - in f o r m a s i