TERBENTUKNYA KANTOR MAYA DALAM PERSAINGAN BISNIS Yang dimaksud dengan Kantor Maya (Virtual office) adalah suatu konsep yang mengenalkan pekerjaan kantor yang dilaksanakan secara virtual dengan jalan membangun suatu link antara pekerja yang satu dengan yang lainya di tempat yang berbeda unuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan kantor, biasanya link-link ini saling berhubungan dengan memanfaatkan sitem komunikasi elektrik.

1. T U G A S S I S T E M I N F O R M A S I M A N A J E M E N
T E R B E N T U K N Y A K A N T O R M A Y A D A L A M P E R S A I N G A N B I S N I S
D o s e n : P r o f , H a p z i A l i , M m , C m A
N A M A : T I A R A A Y U N I N G S I H
N I M : 4 3 1 1 6 1 1 0 1 7 8
J A K A R T A

2. B A B 1
P E N D A H U L U A N
I n f o r m a s i m e r u p a k a n s a la h s a t u h a l y a n g h a r u s d ip e n u h i o le h u m a t m a n u s ia , k a r e n a in f o r m a s i
m e r u p a k a n s u a t u k e b u t u h a n p r im e r . T a n p a in f o r m a s i in t e r n a l m a u p u n e k s t e r n a l, s u lit b a g i p a r a m e n a je r
u n t u k m e n g a m b il b e r b a g a i k e p u t u s a n d a la m p e r u s a h a a n . I n f o r m a s i in t e r n a l h a r u s d is ia p k a n s e n d ir i o le h
b e r b a g a i u n s u r p e r u s a h a a n , s e d a n g k a n in f o r m a s i e k s t e r n a l d ip e r o le h b a ik d a r i a la t - a la t k o m u n k a s i
m o d e r n .
K e m a ju a n a la t k o m u n ik a s i p a d a m ile n iu m k e t ig a s e m a k in m e m p e r m u d a h p e r o le h a n in f o r m a s i d a r i
b e r b a g a i s u m b e r u n t u k b e r b a g a i k e p e n t in g a n t e r u t a m a d a la m b e r b a g a i p e n g a m b ila n k e p u t u s a n
d id a la m p e r u s a h a a n , it u la h s e b a b n y a s a n g a t d ir a s a k a n p e n t in g n y a m e n g e lo la h in f o r m a s i s e c a r a
t e r in t e g r a s i p a d a s e t ia p o r g a n is a s i p e r u s a h a a n . O le h k a r e n a it u f o k u s u t a m a d a r i s is t e m in f o r m a s i
m a n a je m e n a d a la h b a g a im a n a m e n g e lo la h in f o r m a s i s e b a ik - b a ik n y a a g a r d a p a t m e n ja d i a la t p e m b a n t u
b a g i s e t ia p m a n a je r d a la m p e n g a m b ila n k e p u t u s a n .
S is t e m in f o r m a s i m a n a je m e n t e la h a d a ja u h s e b e lu m t e k n o lo g i in f o r m a s i y a n g b e r b a s is k a n k o m p u t e r
h a d ir . A k a n t e t a p i d e n g a n a d a n y a k o m p u t e r s e b a g a i s a la h s a t u b e n t u k r e v o lu s i d a la m t e k n o lo g i
in f o r m a s i, k o m p u t e r t e la h d e n g a n m e n a k ju b k a n m a m p u m e m p r o s e s d a t a s e c a r a c e p a t d a n a k u r a t
b a h k a n m e n y a jik a n in f o r m a s i y a n g t id a k m e m e r lu k a n w a k t u b e r h a r i - h a r i b a h k a n b e r m in g g u - m in g g u
u n t u k m e n g o la h n y a .
D a la m k e n y a t a a n n y a , P e r a n S is t e m I n f o r m a s i M a n a je m e n a k a n le b ih t e r a s a b a g i p e r u s a h a a n -
p e r u s a h a a n b e s a r . B a g i m e r e k a , k e b u t u h a n u n t u k m e n g u m p u lk a n d a t a d a n in f o r m a s i s e c a r a s k a la b e s a r
d a n d a la m w a k t u y a n g c e p a t le b ih d ir a s a k a n k e p e n t in g a n y a b e r b a n d in g d e n g a n p e r u s a h a a n - p e r u s a h a a n
m e n e n g a h a p a l a g i k e c il. O le h k a r e n a it u , d a la m a p lik a s in n n y a s u a t u p e r u s a h a a n p e r lu
m e m p e r t im b a n g k a n k e p e n t in g a n p e n g g u n a a n s is t e m in f o r m a s i in i d ia n t a r a n y a b e r d a s a r k a n d a r i s k a la
p e r u s a h a a n , ju m la h t e n a g a k e r ja , p o la k o m u n ik a s i s e r t a ja r in g a n p e r u s a h a a n d a la m d u n ia b i s n is d a la m
lin g k u n g a n n y a .
R U M U S A N M A S A L A H
A . B a g a im a n a t e r b e n t u k n y a f e n o m e n a k a n t o r M a y a ?
B . B a g a im a n a p e r s e p s i t e n t a n g k a n t o r a la m m e n ja la n k a n b is n is n y a d i p e r s a in g a n y a n g k o m p e t it if in i ? .
C . A p a s a ja a p lik a s i s is t e m in f o r m a s i p e r k a n t o r a n ?
D . I m p le m e n t a s i s is t e m in f o r m a s i p e r k a n t o r a n d i s u a t u p e r u s a h a a n ?

3. T U J U A N P E M B A H A S A N
T u ju a n u n t u k m e m e n u h i t u g a s m a t a k u lia h P e n g e lo la a n P e n d id ik a n , d a n ju g a u n t u k b e r b a g i
p e n g e t a h u a n t e n t a n g b e t a p a p e n t in g n y a S is t e m I n f o r m a s i M a n a je m e n d i d a la m k e h id u p a n m a n u s ia .
A . M e m a h a m i f e n o m e n a k a n t o r m a y a
B . M e m a h a m i p e r s e p s i t e n t a n g k a n t o r m a y a d i s u a t u p e r u s a h a a n
C . M e m a h a m i a p lik a s i s y s t e m in f o r m a s i p e r k a n t o r a n d a la m p e r u s a h a a n
D . I m p le m e n t a s i s is t e m in f o r m a s i p e r k a n t o r a n d a la m s u a t u p e r u s a h a a n
M A N F A A T
M e la lu i m a k a la h in i k a m i m e n g h a r a p k a n p e m b a c a :
1 . D a p a t m e m a h a m i a p a it u k a n t o r m a y a .
2 . D a p a t m e m a h a m i s y s t e m a p a s a ja y a n g a d a d a la m s y s t e m in f o r m a s i p e r k a n t o r a n
3 . D a p a t m e m a h a m i a p lik a s i s y s t e m in f o r m a s i p e r k a n t o r a n a la m s u a t u p e r u s a h a a n

4. B A B I I
P E M B A H A S A N
K A N T O R M A Y A
Y a n g d im a k s u d d e n g a n K a n t o r M a y a ( V ir t u a l o f f ic e ) a d a la h s u a t u k o n s e p y a n g m e n g e n a lk a n p e k e r ja a n
k a n t o r y a n g d ila k s a n a k a n s e c a r a v ir t u a l d e n g a n ja la n m e m b a n g u n s u a t u lin k a n t a r a p e k e r ja y a n g s a t u
d e n g a n y a n g la in y a d i t e m p a t y a n g b e r b e d a u n u k m e n y e le s a ik a n p e k e r ja a n k a n t o r , b ia s a n y a lin k - lin k in i
s a lin g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n m e m a n fa a t k a n s it e m k o m u n ik a s i e le k t r ik .
K o n s e p K a n t o r M a y a ( v ir t u a l o f f ic e ) m e n g a k u i b a h w a p e k e r ja a n k a n t o r d a p a t d ila k u k a n h a m p ir d i
s e m u a lo k a s i g e o g r a f is s e la m a t e m p a t k e r ja t e r s e b u t t e r h u b u n g d e n g a n s a t u a t a u le b ih lo k a s i t e t a p
p e r u s a h a a n o le h s u a t u je n is k e m a m p u a n k o m u n ik a s i e le k t r o n ik . K o n s e p i n i d i m u l a i d e n g a n
t e l e c o m m u t i n g , d a n d i s e m p u r n a k a n o l e h h o t e l i n g .
1 . T e l e c o m m u t i n g
M e r u p a k a n s a t u c a r a y a n g t e p a t u n t u k m e n g g a m b a r k a n b a g a im a n a k a r y a w a n d a p a t s e c a r a e le k t r o n ik
“ p e r g i” k e t e m p a t k e r ja .
K e u n t u n g a n T e l e c o m m u t i n g :
- F le k s ib ilit a s y a n g d ib e r ik a n d a la m m e n ja d w a lk a n t u g a s - t u g a s p e k e r ja a n s e h in g g a t u g a s p r ib a d i ju g a
a k a n d a p a t d ia k o m o d a s i.
- P e r u s a h a a n b ia s a n y a a k a n m e m b e r ik a n p e r h a t ia n y a n g le b ih b e s a r p a d a k e b u t u h a n k o m u n ik a s i p a r a
t e le c o m m u t e r jik a d ib a n d in g k a n d e n g a n lin g k u n g a n k a n t o r b ia s a , d im a n a s e b a g ia n b e s a r in f o r m a s i
d ik o m u n ik a s ik a n d a la m p e r c a k a p a n in f o r m a l d a n m e la lu i o b s e r v a s i.
K e r u g i a n T e l e c o m m u t i n g :
- K a r e n a s if a t n y a y a n g t e r is o la s i, k a r y a w a n y a n g m e la k u k a n t e le c o m m u t in g d a p a t m e r a s a m e n ja d i
a g g o t a o r g a n is a s i y a n g k u r a n g d ia n g g a p p e n t in g .
- K e k h a w a t ir a n a k a n k e h ila n g a n p e k e r ja a n a t a u t e r g a n g g u n y a k a r ir .
- M e n in g k a t n y a k e t e g a n g a n k e lu a r g a .
2 . H o t e l i n g
I d e d i b a lik k o n s e p in i a d a la h b a h w a p e r u s a h a a n m e n y e d ia k a n s u a t u f a s ilit a s t e r p u s a t y a n g d a p a t d ib a g i
b e r s a m a o le h k a r y a w a n jik a t e r d a p a t k e b u t u h a n a k a n r u a n g a n d a n d u k u n g a n k a n t o r .
K e u n t u n g a n H o t e l i n g a d a la h p e m a n f a a t a n s u m b e r d a y a d a n r u a n g a n y a n g le b ih e f e k t if d a n f o k u s y a n g
le b ih b a ik p a d a a p a y a n g d ib u t u h k a n u n t u k m e n d u k u n g p e r s o n e l k a n t o r .

5. K e r u g i a n H o t e l i n g :
- A k a n h ila n g n y a “ b o n u s ” o le h p a r a k a r y a w a n y a n g t id a k la g i m e m ilik i r u a n g a n k a n t o r p r ib a d i.
- H ila n g n y a p e r a s a a n b e r a d a d a la m s u a t u k o m u n it a s .
- P o t e n s i d a m p a k n e g a t if p a d a b u d a y a k o r p o r a t .
K e u n t u n g a n D a n K e r u g i a n K a n t o r M a y a
K e u n t u n g a n n y a
P e n g u r a n g a n b ia y a f a s ilit a s , P e r u s a h a a n t id a k h a r u s m e m ilik i k a p a s it a s k a n t o r y a n g b e s a r , s e h in g g a
m e n g u r a n g i b ia y a s e w a d a n p e r lu a s a n k a n t o r .
P e n g u r a n g a n b i a y a p e r a la t a n , T e le c o m m u t e r d a p a t b e r b a g i p e r a la t a n s e p e r t i h a ln y a p a r a p e s e r t a L A N
d a la m b e r b a g i s u m b e r d a y a .
J a r in g a n k o m u n ik a s i f o r m a l, M e n in g k a t n y a p e r h a t ia n p a d a k e b u t u h a n t e le c o m m u t e r b e r p o t e n s i
m e n g h a s ilk a n k o m u n ik a s i y a n g le b ih b a ik d a r ip a d a jik a s e m u a p e g a w a i b e k e r ja d i lo k a s i y a n g t e t a p .
P e n g u r a n g a n p e n g h e n t ia n k e r ja , D e n g a n k a n t o r m a y a , k e a d a a n c u a c a t id a k m e m p e n g a r u h i k e g ia t a n
t r a n s p o r t a s i k e r ja .
K o n t r ib u s i s o s ia l K a n t o r M a y a m e m u n g k in k a n p e r u s a h a a n m e m p e k e r ja k a n p e g a w a i y a n g t id a k m e m ilik i
p e lu a n g k e r ja d ilu a r t e m p a t t in g g a ln y a .
K e r u g i a n n y a
R a s a t id a k m e m ilik i, K u r a n g n y a k o n t a k la n g s u n g a n t a r p e g a w a i, m e m b u a t b e r k u r a n g n y a p e r a s a a n
m e n ja d i b a g ia n p e n t in g d a r i s u a t u o r g a n is a s i.
T a k u t k e h ila n g a n p e k e r ja a n , K u r a n g n y a r a s a k e t e r k a it a n d e n g a n o p e r a s io n a l p e r u s a h a a n , m a k a p e g a w a i
m e r a s a m u d a h u n t u k d ile p a s k a n / d ip e c a t .
S e m a n g a t k e r ja y a n g r e n d a h , T id a k a d a n y a in t e r a k s i b e r u p a u m p a n b a lik s e c a r a la n g s u n g d a r i r e k a n
m a u p u n a t a s a n , k e m u d ia n b ia s a n y a g a ji b a g i t e le c o m m u t e r le b ih r e n d a h , m a k a a k a n m e m p e n g a r u h i
s e m a n g a t k e r ja .
K e t e g a n g a n k e lu a r g a , K e t e g a n g a n k e lu a r g a a k a n s a n g a t b e r p e n g a r u h p a d a k in e r ja p a r a t e le c o m m u t e r .

6. S T R A T E G I K A N T O R M A Y A
M e n u r u t L in d a T R is s e ( k o n s u lt a n S y n e r g i P la n n in g I n c o r p o r a t e d )
1 . S e d ia k a n s u m b e r d a y a k o m p u t e r
2 . S e d ia k a n a k s e s s u m b e r d a y a in f o r m a s i
3 . S e d ia k a n f a s ilit a s t e le p h o n e
4 . G u n a k a n k o n f e r e n s i t e le p o n
5 . J a d w a lk a n p e r t e m u a n r u t in
6 . L a k u k a n r u t in it a s k e r ja
K a n t o r m a y a m e n u n t u t a d a n y a k e r ja s a m a o le h p e r u s a h a a n m a u p u n k a r y a w a n , d a n m e n u n t u t d e d ik a s i
y a n g b e s a r d a r i k a r y a w a n d a r ip a d a k a n t o r t e t a p . K a n t o r m a y a d a p a t d ila k u k a n jik a p a r a k a r y a w a n d a p a t
m e n d is ip lin k a n d ir i m e r e k a u n t u k m e la k u k a n p e k e r ja a n t a n p a s u p e r v is i d a n m o t iv a s i. B a g i k a r y a w a n
y a n g le b ih s u k a u n t u k b e k e r ja s e n d ir ia n d a n m e n ja d i a t a s a n b a g i d ir i m e r e k a s e n d ir i, k a n t o r m a y a d a p a t
m e n ja d i s u a t u s is t e m y a n g id e a l.
S I S T E M I N F O R M A S I P E R K A N T O R A N
( O f f i c e A u t o m a t i o n )
P e n g e r t i a n
O t o m a t is a s a i p e r k a n t o r a n a d a la h s e m u a s y s t e m in f o r m a s i f o r m a l d a n in f o r m a l t e r u t a m a y a n g b e r k a it a n
d e n g a n k o m u n ik a s i in f o r m a s i k e p a d a d a n d a r i o r a n g y a n g b e r b e d a d i d a la m m a u p u n d i lu a r p e r u s a h a a n .
D e n g a n k a t a la in o t o m a t is a s i p e r k a n t o r a n m e r u p a k a n s e b u a h r e n c a n a u n t u k m e n g g a b u n g k a n t e k n o lo g i
t in g g i m e la lu i p e r b a ik a n p r o s e s p e la k s a n a a n p e k e r ja a n .
B e b e r a p a s y s t e m o t o m a t is a s i p e r k a n t o r a n s e c a r a f o r m a l d a n d id o k u m e n t a s ik a n d e n g a n s u a t u p r o s e d u r
t e r t u lis . S y s t e m f o r m a l in i d it e r a p k a n d i s e lu r u h p e r u s a h a a n u n t u k m e m e n u h i k e b u t u h a n
o r g a n is a s i, m ir ip d e n g a n s is t e m in f o r m a s i m a n a je m e n . N a m u n s e b a g ia n b e s a r s y s t e m o t o m a t is a s i
p e r k a n t o r a n t id a k d ir e n c a n a k a n a t a u d iu r a ik a n s e c a r a t e r t u lis . S y s t e m - s is t e m in f o r m a l in i d it e r a p k a n
s a a t d ip e r lu k a n o le h p e r o r a n g a n u n t u k m e m e n u h i k e p e r lu a a n n y a s e n d ir i. D a n o t o m a t is a s i p e r k a n t o r a n
d im a k s u d k a n u n t u k m e m u d a h k a n s e g a la je n is k o m u n ik a s i b a ik s e c a r a lis a n m a u p u n s e c r a t e r t u lis .

7. A s a l m u la o t o m a t is a s i p e r k a n t o r a n d i a w a l 1 9 6 0 - a n , k e t ik a I B M m e n c ip t a k a n is t ila h w o r d - p r o c e s s in g
u n t u k m e n je la s k a n k e g ia t a n d e v is i m e s in t ik lis t r ik n y a . B u k t i n y a t a , p a d a t a h u n 1 9 6 4 - a n , k e t ik a I B M
m e m a s a r k a n m e s in y a n g d is e b u t M a g n e t ic T a p e / S e le c t r ic T y p e w r it e r ( M T / S T ) y a it u m e s in k e t ik y a n g
d a p a t m e n g e t ik k a t a - k a t a y a n g t e la h d ir e k a m d a la m p it a m a g n e t ik s e c a r a o t o m a t is .
O t o m a t i s a s i k a n t o r d i g u n a k a n o l e h s e m u a o r a n g y a n g b e k e r j a d i d a l a m k a n t o r .
P a d a d a s a r n y a a d a e m p a t k a t e g o r i p e m a k a i o t o m a t i s k a n t o r , y a i t u :
1 . M a n a je r a d a la h o r a n g y a n g b e r t a n g g u n g ja w a b m e n g e lo la s u m b e r d a y a p e r u s a h a a n t e r u t a m a s u m b e r
d a y a m a n u s ia .
2 . P r o f e s io n a l y a k n i t id a k m e n g e lo la o r a n g t e t a p i m e n y u m b a n g k e a h lia n k h u s u s n y a ( m is . P e m b e li,
w ir a n ia g a , d a n a s is t e n s t a f f k h u s u s ) . M a n a je r d a n p r o f e s io n a l s e c r a b e r s a m a d ik e n a l s e b a g a i p e k e r ja
t e r d id ik .
3 . S e k r e t a r is b is a n y a d it u g a s k a n p a d a p e k e r ja t e r d id ik t e r t e n t u u n t u k m e la k s a n a k a n b e r b a g a i t u g a s
m e n a n g a n i k o r e s p o n d e n s i, m e n ja w a b t e le p o n , d a n m e n g a t u r ja d w a l p e r t e m u a n .
4 . C le r ic a l E m p lo y e e ( p e g a w a i a d m in is t r a t if ) m e la k s a n a k a n t u g a s u n t u k - t u g a s u n t u k s e k r e t a r is , s e p e r t i
m e n g o p e r a s ik a n m e s in f o t o c o p y , m e n y u s u n d o k u m e n d a n m e n g ir im k a n s u r a t .
O t o m a t is a s i p e r k a n t o r a n m e n c a k u p s e m u a s y s t e m e le k t r o n ik f o r m a l d a n in f o r m a l y a n g t e r u t a m a
b e r k a ia t a n d e n g a n k o m u n ik a s i in f o r m a l d a r i o r a n g - o r a n g d id a la m m a u p u n d ilu a r p e r u s a h a a n . S is t e m
E le k t r o n ik F o r m a l d im a k s u d k a n s e b a g a i k e g ia t a n p e r k a n t o r a n y a n g d o k u m e n t a s ia k a n d e n g a n s u a t u
p r o s e d u r t e r t u lis . s e m u a p e r u s a h a a n m e n e r a p a k a n s y s t e m f o r m a l u n t u k m e m e n u h i k e b u t u h a n
o r g a n is a s i. M is a ln y a u n t u k p e n g e lo la a n in f o r m a s i y a n g d id is t r ib u s ik a n k e m a n a je r b e r u p a la p o r a n -
la p o r a n p e r io d ik m a u p u n la p o r a n k h u s u s .
S is t e m E le k t r o n ik in f o r m a l b e r a r t i s y s t e m p e r k a n t o r a n y a n g t id a k d i r e n c a n a k a n a t a u d iu r a ik a n s e c a r a
t e r t u lis . S y s t e m - s is t e m in f o r m a l in i d it e r a p k a n s a a t d ip e r lu k a n o le h p e r o r a n g a n u n t u k m e m e n u h i
k e p e r lu a n n y a s e n d ir i. M is a ln y a m e la k u k a n k o n s u lt a s i a t a u d is k u s i d e n g a n p e n g a m b il k e p u t u s a n la in n y a .
S y s t e m in f o r m a l d a la m o t o m a t is a s i p e r k a n t o r a n m e n ja d ik a n c ir i t e r s e n d ir i d a la m p e n g g u n a a n k o m p u t e r
d a la m p e r u s a h a a n , K a r e n a o t o m a t is a s i p e r k a n t o r a n d im a k s u d k a n u n t u k m e m u d a h k a n je n is k o m u n ik a s i.
O t o m a t is a s i p e r k a n t o r a n t id a k h a n y a m e la y a n i o r a n g - o r a n g d id a la m p e r u s a h a a n , a k a n t e t a p i ju g a
d e n g a n o r a n g la in d i lin g k u n g a n p e r u s a h a a n .
D a la m g a m b a r m o d e l O t o m a t is a s i p e r k a n t o r a n d i a t a s t id a k t e r ja d i a lir a n d a t a t e t a p i h a n y a a d a a lir a n
k o m u n ik a s i d a n in f o r m a s i. P e n g e r t ia n d a t a s e n d ir i a d a la h p e n g g a m b a r a n d a r i s e g a la s e s u a t u d a r i
s e b u a h k e n y a t a a n m a u p u n k e ja d ia n . M e la lu i p r o s e s p e n g o la h a n d a t a , s e b u a h d a t a m e n ja d i le b ih
b e r m a n f a a t b a g i p e n g g u n a n y a d a n d is e b u t s e b a g a i in f o r m a s i. P e n g e r t ia n k o m u n ik a s i a d a la h a d a n y a
s a lin g t u k a r m e n u k a r in f o r m a s i a n t a r a d u a o b y e k a t a u le b ih .

8. K o n s e p - k o n s e p O t o m a t i s a s i K a n t o r
1 . P r o s e s y a n g t e r ja d i d ip e r k a n t o r a n s e p e r t i h a ln y a p r o s e s m a n u f a k t u r s e la lu m e n g a r a h k e o t o m a t is a s i.
2 . O t o m a t is a s i k a n t o r b e r e v o lu s i d a r i a p lik a s i - a p lik a s i y a n g t e r p is a h d a n t a n p a r e n c a n a m e n u ju a p lik a s i
y a n g t e r e n c a n a d a n t e r p a d u .
3 . O t o m a t is a s i k a n t o r m e m u d a h k a n p e n e r im a a n d a n p e n g ir im a n in f o r m a s i.
4 . O t o m a t is a s i k a n t o r m e m b e r ik a n k e u n t u n g a n le b ih b e s a r m e la lu i p e n g a m b ila n k e p u t u s a n y a n g le b ih
b a ik .
M a n f a a t O t o m a t i s a s i K a n t o r
O t o m a t is a s i p e r k a n t o r a n m e r u p a k a n k a it a n b e r b a g a i k o m p o n e n d a la m m e n a n g a n i in f o r m a s i; m u la i d a r i
in p u t h in g g a d is t r ib u s i d e n g a n m e m a n f a a t k a n b a n t u a n t e k n o lo g i s e c a r a o p t im a l d a n c a m p u r t a n g a n
m a n u s ia s e c a r a m in im a l. D e n g a n d e m ik ia n a k a n m e m b u a t in f o r m a s i m e n ja d i le b ih m u d a h d a n m u r a h
d ig u n a k a n , d ip in d a h k a n , d a n d ir a w a t . P a d a a k h ir n y a d a p a t m e le t a k k a n la n d a s a n y a n g k u a t u n t u k
in t e g r a s i in f o r m a s i s e h in g g g a p e r u s a h a a n m a m p u b e r k o m p e t is i le b ih b a ik
T a h a p a n P e n e r a p a n O t o m a t i s K a n t o r
1 . T r a d is io n a l
P e n g g u n a a n t e k n o lo g i u t a m a n y a d it u ju k a n u n t u k m e n g u r a n g i b ia y a d a n m e n in g k a t k a n p r o d u k t iv it a s .
T e r f o k u s p a d a p e n g g u n a a n W o r d P r o c e s s in g .
2 . T r a n s is io n a l
D it a n d a i d e n g a n m u la i d ig u n a k a n n y a p r o s e s d a t a s e c a r a e le k t r o n ik s e r t a d ib a n g u n n y a a p lik a s i u n t u k
k e p e r lu a n p e n g a r s ip a n , p e n y im p a n a n , d a n k o m u n ik a s i y a n g b e r b a s is k o m p u t e r .
3 . T r a n s f o r m a s io n a l
M e r u p a k a n f a s e in t e g r a s i in f o r m a s i d a n p e m a t a n g a n k o n s e p I n f o r m a t io n R e s o u r c e M a n a g e m e n t ( I R M )
y a n g m e r u p a k a n k o n v e r g e n s i t e le k o m u n ik a s i d a n in f o r m a s i ( I C T ) .
A p l i k a s i O t o m a t i s a s i K a n t o r
A d a 1 1 a p lik a s i o t o m a t is a s i k a n t o r y a n g t e la h d ik e t a h u i, y a it u :
1 . W o r d P r o c e s s in g

9. W o r d p r o c e s s in g a d a la h p e n g g u n a a n s u a t u p e r a la t a n e le k t r o n ic y a n g s e c a r a o t o m a t is m e la k u k a n
b e b e r a p a t u g a s y a n g d ip e r lu k a n u n t u k m e m b u a t d o k u m e n k e t ik a t a u c e t a k .
C o n t o h s o f t w a r e : ( d ia m b il 1 s a ja d a n f r e e d o w n lo a d ) O p e n O f f ic e . o r g
2 . E le c t r o n ic M a il
E le c t r o n ic m a il y a n g d ik e n a l d e n g a n e - m a il a d a la h p e n g g u n a a n ja r in g a n k o m p u t e r y a n g m e m u n g k in k a n
p e m a k a i u n t u k m e n g ir im , m e n y im p a n d a n m e n e r im a p e s a n d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n t e r m in a l k o m p u t e r
d a n p e r a la t a n p e n y im p a n a n .
3 . V o ic e M a il
V o ic e m a il p e r s is s a m a d e n g a n e le c t r o n ic m a il. P e r b e d a a n n y a b a h w a a n d a h a n y a m e n g ir im k a n p e s a n
d e n g a n m e n g u c a p k a n p e s a n t e r s e b u t m e la lu i t e le p o n d a n b u k a n m e n g e t ik n y a . D a n a n d a m e n g g u n a k a n
t e le p o n u n t u k m e m a n g g il p e s a n y a n g t e la h d ik ir im k a n k e p a d a a n d a .
C o n t o h s o f t w a r e : V o ic e C o n n e c t o r
4 . E le c t r o n ic C a le n d a r in g
E le c t r o n ic c a le n d a r in g a d a la h p e n g g u n a a n ja r in g a n k o m p u t e r u n t u k m e n y im p a n d a n m e m a n g g il a c a r a
y a n g t e la h d it e t a p k a n o le h m a n a je r . E le c t r o n ic c a le n d a r in g b e r s if a t k h u s u s d ia n t a r a a p lik a s i o t o m a t is a s i
k a n t o r , k a r e n a ia h a n y a m e n y u s u n t e r ja d in y a k o m u n ik a s i b u k a n m e n g k o m u n ik a s ik a n in f o r m a s i.
5 . A u d io C o n f e r e n c in g
A u d io c o n f e r e n c in g a d a la h p e n g g u n a a n p e r a la t a n k o m u n ik a s i s u a r a u n t u k m e m b u a t h u b u n g a n a u d io
d ia n t a r a o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g t e r s e b a r s e c a r a g e o g r a f is u n t u k t u ju a n m e la k u k a n k o n f e r e n s i. A u d io
c o n f e r e n c in g a d a la h a p lik a s i o a p e r t a m a y a n g t id a k m e m e r lu k a n k o m p u t e r . I a h a n y a m e m e r lu k a n
p e n g g u n a a n f a s ilit a s k o m u n ik a s i a u d io d u a a r a h .
C o n t o h s o f t w a r e : F ir e W ir e
6 . V id e o C o n f e r e n c in g
V id e o c o n f e r e n c in g m e l e n g k a p i s ig n a l a u d io d a n s ig n a l v id e o . P e r a la t a n t e le v is i d ig u n a k a n u n t u k
m e n g ir im d a n m e n e r im a s ig n a l a u d io d a n v id e o . O r a n g y a n g b e r a d a d a la m s u a t u lo k a s i d a p a t m e lih a t
d a n m e n d e n g a r s u a r a o r a n g y a n g b e r a d a d i lo k a s i la in s e la g i k o n f e r e n s i d ila k u k a n .
T ig a k o n f ig u r a s i v id e o c o n f e r e n c in g ( t e r g a n t u n g p a d a p e r a la t a n y a n g d ig u n a k a n ) , y a it u :
- V id e o s a t u a r a h d a n a u d io s a t u a r a h
- V id e o s a t u a r a h d a n a u d io d u a a r a h
- V id e o d a n a u d io d u a a r a h
7 . C o m p u t e r C o n f e r e n c in g

10. C o m p u t e r c o n f e r e n c in g a d a la h p e n g g u n a a n ja r in g a n k o m p u t e r , s e h in g g a m e m b e r i k e m a m p u a n
s e s e o r a n g u n t u k m e la k u k a n p e r t u k a r a n in f o r m a s i s e la m a p r o s e s t e r ja d in y a k o n f e r e n s i. A p lik a s i in i
h a m p ir s a m a d e n g a n e le c t r o n ic m a il, k a r e n a k e d u a a p lik a s i in i m e n g g u n a k a n h a r d w a r e d a n s o f t w a r e
y a n g s a m a . I s t ila h ‘ t e le c o n f e r e n c in g ’ d ig u n a k a n u n t u k m e n je la s k a n k e t ig a b e n t u k a la t e le k t r o n ik u n t u k
k o n f e r e n s i. T e le c o n f e r e n c in g d ig u n a k a n d a la m s e lu r u h p r o s e s p e m e c a h a n m a s a la h y a n g g u n a n y a u n t u k
m e n u k a r in f o r m a s i d ia n t a r a p e m e c a h m a s a la h ( o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g m e m e c a h k a n m a s a la h ) y a n g b e r a d a
d ik o t a y a n g b e r la in a n .
C o n t o h a p lik a s i s a m a s e p e r t i A U D I O C O N F E R E N C I N G .
8 . F a c s im ile T r a n s m is s io n
F a c s im ile t r a n s m is s io n y a n g b ia s a n y a d is e b u t f a x , a d a la h p e n g g u n a a n p e r a la t a n k h u s u s y a n g d a p a t
m e m b a c a t a m p ila n d o k u m e n p a d a u ju n g c h a n n e l k o m u n ik a s i d a n m e m b u a t s a lin a n a t a u c o p y d i u ju n g
y a n g la in . F a x s a n g a t m u d a h d iim p le m e n t a s ik a n d a n d io p e r a s ik a n . J a lu r t e le p o n s u a r a d a p a t b e r f u n g s i
s e b a g a i c h a n n e l - n y a d a n p e n g o p e r a s ia n p e r a la t a n n y a t id a k le b ih s u lit d a r ip a d a m e n g o p e r a s ik a n m e s in
f o t o c o p y .
9 . V id e o t e x t
V id e o t e x t a d a la h p e n g g u n a a n k o m p u t e r u n t u k t u ju a n m e m b e r ik a n t a m p ila n m a t e r i t e k s t u a l p a d a la y a r
c r t . M a t e r i t e k s t u a l d a p a t b e r b e n t u k n a r a t if a t a u t a b u la s i, d a n ia d is im p a n d a la m p e n y im p a n a n
s e k u n d e r p a d a k o m p u t e r .
1 0 . I m a g e S t o r a g e A n d R e t r i e v a l
B e b e r a p a je n is p e r u s a h a a n m e m p u n y a i v o lu m e d o k u m e n y a n g b e s a r , s e h in g g a m e r e k a h a r u s
m e n y im p a n n y a d a la m f ile a g a r in f o r m a s i d a p a t d ip a n g g il a t a u d id a p a t k a n k e m b a li jik a d ip e r lu k a n .
U n t u k m e n g a t a s i m a s a la h m e n g e n a i p e n y im p a n a n d a n p e m a n g g ila n t a m p ila n m a k a d ig u n a k a n
m ic r o f o r m , y a n g b e r u p a m ic r o f ilm d a n m ic r o f ic h e . M ic r o f o r m a k a n m e n g u r a n g i k e b u t u h a n r u a n g y a n g
d ip e r lu k a n o le h d o k u m e n k e r t a s s a m p a i s e k it a r 9 7 % . I m a g e s t o r a g e a n d r e t r ie v a l d ig u n a k a n d a la m
p e m e c a h a n m a s a la h k e t ik a ia d ip e r lu k a n u n t u k m e lih a t k e m b a li d o k u m e n h is t o r is u n t u k t u ju a n
p e m a h a m a n m a s a la h .
C o n t o h n y a : s it u s p e n y e d ia s e p e r t i p h o t o b u c k e t
1 1 . D e s k t o p P u b lis h in g
D e s k t o p p u b lis h in g a t a u d t p a d a la h p e m b u a t a n o u t p u t t e r c e t a k y a n g k u a lit a s n y a h a m p ir s a m a d e n g a n
y a n g d ih a s ilk a n o le h t y p e s e t t e r . S is t e m d e s k t o p p u b lis h in g t e r d ir i a t a s m ik r o k o m p u t e r d e n g a n la y a r c r t
y a n g b e r e s o lu s i t in g g i, p r in t e r la s e r , s o f t w a r e d e s k t o p p u b lis h in g . P e n g g u n a a n d e s k t o p p u b lis h in g
s e b a g a i a la t p e m e c a h a n m a s a la h m e lip u t i a p lik a s i a d m in is t r a s i d a n t e k n is . P e n a m p ila n d o k u m e n ik la n
y a n g p r o f e s io n a l d a n m e n a r ik a k a n m e m b e r ik a n k o m u n ik a s i y a n g e f e k t if .
s u m b e r :
g o o g le s e a r c h in g

11. W ik ip e d ia I n d o n e s ia
T u j u a n O A :
1 . P e n g g a b u n g a n d a n p e n e r a p a n t e k n o lo g i
2 . M e m p e r b a h a r u i p r o s e s p e la k s a n a a n p e k e r ja a n d i k a n t o r
3 . M e n in g k a t k a n p r o d u k t if it a s d a n e f e k t if it a s p e k e r ja a n
S t r a t e g i y a n g D i s a r a n k a n u n t u k M e l a k s a n a k a n O t o m a t i s a s i
P e r k a n t o r a n :
1 . S e d ia k a n s u m b e r d a y a k o m p u t e r
2 . S e d ia k a n a k s e s k e s u m b e r d a y a in f o r m a s i
3 . S e d ia k a n p e r le n g k a p a n n o n c o m p u t e r
4 . G u n a k a n k o n f e r e n s i t e le p o n
5 . S e d ia k a n p e r t e m u a n r u t in
6 . L a k u k a n r u t in it a s k e r ja
O t o m a t is a s i p e r k a n t o r a n m e r u p a k a n k a it a n b e r b a g a i k o m p o n e n d a la m m e n a n g a n i in f o r m a s i; m u la i d a r i
in p u t h in g g a d is t r ib u s i d e n g a n m e m a n f a a t k a n b a n t u a n t e k n o lo g i s e c a r a o p t im a l d a n c a m p u r t a n g a n
m a n u s ia s e c a r a m in im a l. D e n g a n d e m ik ia n a k a n m e m b u a t in f o r m a s i m e n ja d i le b ih m u d a h d a n m u r a h
d ig u n a k a n , d ip in d a h k a n , d a n d ir a w a t . P a d a a k h ir n y a d a p a t m e le t a k k a n la n d a s a n y a n g k u a t u n t u k
in t e g r a s i in f o r m a s i s e h in g g g a p e r u s a h a a n m a m p u b e r k o m p e t is i le b ih b a ik .
M a c a m - M a c a m S y s t e m O t o m a t i s a s i K a n t o r
1 . S y s t e m K o m u n ik a s i E le k t o n ik
S y s t e m k o m u n ik a s i e le k t r o n ik ( e le c t r o n ic c o m m u n ic a t io n s y s t e m ) m e r u p a k a n s y s t e m t e k n o lo g i
in f o r m a s i y a n g d ig u n a k a n u n t u k b e r k o m u n ik a s i d ia n t a r a in d iv id u , g r u p - g r u p k e r ja d a n o r g a n is a s i-
o r g a n is a s i. Y a n g t e r m a s u k d a la m s y s t e m in i a d a la h e - m a il, v o ic e m a il, f a c s im ile d a n b u lle t in b o a r d
s y s t e m .

12. B u lle t in b o a r d s y s t e m ( B B S ) a d a la h s u a t u lo k a s i le w a t ja r in g a n in t e r n e t y a n g m e m u n g k in k a n s u a t u p e s a n
d is im p a n d i lo k a s i d a n s e la n ju t n y a d a p a t d ia k s e s d a n d id e s a in o le h o r a n g la in
2 . S y s t e m K o la b o r a s i E le k t r o n ik
S y t e m k o la b o r a s i e le k t r o n ik a d a la h s u a t u s y s t e m y a n g t id a k h a n y a p e r t u k a r a n k o m u n ik a s i a t a u p e s a n ,
t e t a p i ju g a b a g a im a n a in f o r m a s i a t a u p e s a n t e r s e b u t d ig u n a k a n u n t u k b e k e r ja s a m a . C o n t o h a p lik a s i
y a n g a d a p a d a O A , y a n g t e r g o lo n g d a la m s y s t e m k o la b o r a s i a d a la h t e le c o n f e r e n c e d a n t e le c o m m u t in g .
T e le c o m m u t in g a d a la h k o la b o r a s i e le k t r o n ik y a n g d ig u n a k a n o le h p e k e r ja y a n g b e k e r ja d a r i ja r a k ja u h
d e n g a n k a n t o r n y a
3 . S y s t e m P u b lik a s i D a n P e n g o la h a n I m a g e E le k t r o n ik
S y s t e m p u b lik a s i e le k t r o n ik ( e le c t r o n ic p u b lis h in g s y s t e m ) a d a la h p e n g g u n a a n t e k n o lo g i in f o r m a s i u n t u k
k e p e r lu a n p e m b u a t a n d o k u m e n t e r c e t a k . Y a n g t e r m a s u k a p lik a s i d a r i s y s t e m p u b ik a s i d a n p e n g o la h a n
im e j e le k t r o n ik a d a la h d e s k t o p p u b lis h in g , e le k t o n ik d o c u m e n t m a n a g e m e n t , p r e s e n t a s e g r a p h ic s d a n
m u lt im e d ia p r e s e n t a t io n .
E le k t o n ik d o c u m e n t m a n a g e m e n t ( E D M ) m e r u p a k a n a s y s t e m p e n y im p a n a n d o c u m e n t y a n g m e m b e n t u k
b a s is d a t a im e j ( im a g e d a t a b a s e ) y a n g n a n t in y a d a p a t d ia k s e s d a n d ip r o s e s k e m b a li.
P r e s e n t a t io n g r a p h ic d ig u n a k a n u n t u k m e n a m p ilk a n g r a f ik y a n g a k a n d ip r e s e n t a s ik a n . S e d a n g k a n
m u lt im e d ia p r e s e n t a t io n t id a k h a n y a m e m p r e s e n t a s ik a n g r a f ik s a ja , t e t a p i m e m u n g k in k a n u n t u k
m e m p r e s e n t a s ik a n d a la m b e b e r a p a b e n t u k m e d ia s e p e r t i t e k s , g r a f ik , f o t o , s u a r a d a n v id e o .
4 . S y s t e m P e n g o la h a n K a n t o r
S y s t e m p e n g o la h a n k a n t o r ( o f f ic e m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m s ) m e r u p a k a n s y s t e m k a n t o r o t o m a t is y a n g
m e n d u k u n g o r a n g - o r a n g d i o r g a n is a s i u n t u k m e n g o r g a n is a s ik a n a k t iv it a s - a k t iv it a s k e r ja m e r e k a . Y a n g
t e r m a s u k d a la m s y s t e m in i a d a la h d e s k t o p a c c e s s o r ie s d a n e le c t r o n ic s c h e d u lin g a t a u k a le n d e r
e le k t r o n ik .
D e s k t o p a c c e s s o r ie s m e n y e d ia k a n a la t - a la t s e p e r t i k a lk u la t o r , k a le n d e r , ja m , n o t e p a d , d a f t a r n o m e r
t e le p o n d a n d a f t a r ja m ja n jia n . E le c t r o n ic s c h e d u lin g m e m b a n t u p e m a k a i - p e m a k a i s y s t e m in i u n t u k
m e n g a t u r s k e ju l k e r ja m e r e k a .
5 . S y s t e m E le k t r o n ik F o r m a l
D id o k u m e n t a s ik a n d e n g a n s u a t u s is t e m p r o s e d u r t e r t u lis . D it e r a p k a n d is e lu r u h p e r u s a h a a n u n t u k
m e m e n u h i k e b u t u h a n o r g a n is a s i, m ir ip d e n g a n S I M
6 . S y s t e m E le k t r o n i k I n f o r m a l
T id a k d ir e n c a n a k a n a t a u d iu r a ik a n s e c a r a t e r t u lis . S is t e m - s is t e m O A in i d it e r a p k a n s a a t d ip e r lu k a n o le h
p e r o r a n g a n u n t u k m e m e n u h i k e p e r lu a n n y a s e n d ir i, m ir ip d e n g a n D S S .

13. I m p l e m e n t a s i o f f i c e a u t o m a t i o n y a n g d i g u n a k a n d i d a l a m p e r u s a h a a n
s a y a y a i t u :
* S y s t e m K o m u n ik a s i E le k t o n ik
- E le c t r o n ic M a il
- E le c t r o n ic C a le n d a r in g
- F a c s im ile T r a n s m is s io n
- D e s k t o p P u b lis h in g
* S y s t e m K o la b o r a s i E le k t r o n ik
- A u d io C o n f e r e n c in g
- C o m p u t e r C o n f e r e n c in g
* S y s t e m P u b lik a s i D a n P e n g o la h a n I m a g e E le k t r o n ik
* S y s t e m P e n g o la h a n K a n t o r
* S y s t e m E le k t r o n ik F o r m a l
* S y s t e m E le k t r o n ik I n f o r m a l
H a m p ir s e m u a s y s t e m y a n g a d a d ig u n a k a n d i p e r u s a h a a n s a y a b e k e r ja , k a r e n a m e m a n g p e r u s a h a a n
t e m p a t s a y a b e k e r ja a d a la h p e r u s a h a a n y a n g b e s a r y a n g m e n g h a r u s k a n m e n g g u n a k a n s y s t e m in f o r m a s i
O A a t a u O f f ic e A u t o m a t io n b e r t u ju a n u n t u k m e n in g k a t k a n p r o d u k t iv it a s k e r ja m e la lu i :
1 . M e m in im a lk a n / p e n g h in d a r a n b ia y a , k o m p u t e r t id a k m e n g g a n t ik a n p e k e r ja s a a t in i, t e t a p i k o m p u t e r
m e n u n d a p e n a m b a h a n p e g a w a i y a n g d ip e r lu k a n u n t u k m e n a n n g a n i b e b a n k e r j ja y a n g b e r t a m b a h
2 . P e m e c a h a n m a s a la h k e lo m p o k , o t o m a t is a s i k a n t o r d a p a t m e m b e r ik a n k e m a m p u a n a n t a r a m a n a je r
u n t u k s a lin g m e la k u k a n k o m u n ik a s i d e n g a n le b ih b a ik s e la g i m e r e k a m e m e c a h k a n m a s a la h . P e n in g k a t a n
k o m u n ik a s i in i d a p a t m e n g h a s ilk a n k e p u t u s a n y a n g le b ih b a ik d a n le b ih c e p a t
3 . P e le n g k a p - b u k a n p e n g g a n t i, O A t id a k a k a n m e n g g a n t ik a n s e m u a k o m u n ik a s i in t e r p e r s o n a l t r a d is io n a l
– p e r c a k a p a n t a t a p m u k a , p e r c a k a p a n t e le p o n , p e s a n t e r t u lis p a d a m e m o , d a n s e je n is n y a .
4 . P e n g g a b u n g a n d a n p e n e r a p a n t e k n o lo g i, m is a ln y a a n t a r a t e le p o n , c o m p u t e r , ja r in g a n in t e r n e t ,
s a t e lit , d ll
5 . M e m p e r b a r u i p r o s e s p e la k s a n a a n p e k e r ja a n d i k a n t o r , p r o d u k O A a t a u O f f ic e A u t o m a t io n
m e m u n g k in k a n p a r a p e k e r ja k a n t o r in i m e m p r o s e s le b ih b a n y a k d o k u m e n s e c a r a le b ih c e p a t d a n le b ih
b a ik .

14. D is a m p in g it u t u ju a n d e n g a n a d a n y a s y s t e m in i d i m a s a k in i le b ih u n t u k :
1 . P e n d a p a t a n y a n g L e b ih T in g g i v e r s u s P e n g h in d a r a n B ia y a . K o m p u t e r t id a k m e n g g a n t ik a n p e k e r ja s a a t
in i, t e t a p i k o m p u t e r m e n u n d a p e n a m b a h a n p e g a w a i y a n g d ip e r lu k a n u n t u k m e n a n g a n i b e b a n k e r ja
y a n g b e r t a m b a h .
2 . P e m e c a h a n m a s a la h K e lo m p o k . C a r a O A b e r k o n t r ib u s i p a d a k o m u n ik a s i k e d a n d a r i m a n a je r
m e m b u a t n y a s a n g a t c o c o k d it e r a p k a n u n t u k m e m e c a h k a n m a s a la h k e lo m p o k .
3 . P e le n g k a p – B u k a n P e n g g a n t i. S e b a g a i s u a t u c a r a k o m u n ik a s i b is n i s , O A b u k a n t a n p a k e t e r b a t a s a n .
O A t id a k a k a n m e n g g a n t ik a n s e m u a k o m u n ik a s i in t e r p e r s o n a l t r a d is io n a l – p e r c a k a p a n t a t a p m u k a ,
p e r c a k a p a n t e le p o n , p e s a n t e r t u lis p a d a m e m o , d a n s e je n is n y a . O A h a r u s b e r t u ju a n m e le n g k a p i
k o m u n ik a s i t r a d is io n a l.
K E S I M P U L A N :
S is t e m t e k n o lo g i in f o r m a s i a d a la h s e r a n g k a ia n p r o s e s u n t u k m e m p e r o le h , m e n g o la h d a n
m n y e b a r lu a s k a n in f o r m a s i d a la m s a t u lin g k u n g a n s y s t e m o r g a n is a s i. T e k n o lo g i im f o r m a s i s e n d ir i
d e w a s a in i s a n g a t d ib u t u h k a n d a la m p e n g e lo la a n k a n t o r y a n g m o d e r n , b a h k a n b u k a n h a n y a d a la m
k a n t o r s a ja , s e m u a b id a n g s u d a h b a n y a k m e m b u t u h k a n . A d a t ig a k o m p o n e n u t a m a t e k n o lo o g i
in f o r m a s i, y a it u k o m p u t e r , m ik r o e le k t r o n ik , d a n t e le k o m u n ik a s i. P e r a n t e k n o lo g i in f o r m a s i d a la m
p e k e r ja a n k a n t o r d ia n t a r a n y a s a n g a t m e m b a n t u d a la m h a l p e n a n g a n a n s u r a t d a n p e m b u a t a n la p o r a n ,
k o m u n ik a s i p e r k a n t o r a n , p e n g ir im a n s u r a t m a u p u n t a t a la k s a n a a r s ip / f ilin g . O le h k a r e n a it u m a u t id a k
m a u t e k n o lo g i in f o r m a s i p a s t i b e r p e n g a r u h t e r h a d a p m a n a je m e n p e r k a n t o r a n , s e t id a k n y a p e n g a r u h
t e r s e b u t b is a t e r lih a t s e c a r a u m u m d a r i a s p e k s o s ia l, e k o n o m i, d a n la in n y a , s e r t a m e m b a w a d a m p a k
y a b g p o s it if d m a u p u n n e g a t if t e r h a d a p k a r y a w a n k a n t o r s e n d ir i. T e k n o lo g i im f o r m a s i d a la m m a n a je m e n
p e r k a n t o r a n e r a t k a it a n n y a d e n g a n o t o m a t is a s i k a n t o r , p e k e r ja a n k a n t o r y a n g m e n g a l a m i o t o m a t is a s i
d e n g a n t e k n o lo g i in f o r m a s i d ia n t a r a n y a p e n g o la h a n k a t a ( w o r d p r o c e s s in g ) , s u r a t e le k t r o n ik ( e le c t r o n ik
m a il) , v o ic e m a il. , k a le n d e r e le k t r o n ik ( e le c t r o n ik c a le n d a r in g ) , k o n f r e n s i a u d io . k o n f r e n s i v id e o ,
k o n f r e n s i k o m p u t e r , t r a n s m is i f a x im il e ( f a c s im ile t r a n s m is s io n ) , d a n ju g a d e s k t o p p u b lis h in g .
D A F T A R P U S T A K A :
M ic r o s o f t P u b lis h e r a d a la h s e b u a h p r o g r a m a p lik a s i u n t u k s is t e m o p e r a s i W in d o w s
A n o n im 1 , h t t p : / / jo - a r d ia n t o . b lo g s p o t . c o m , h t t p : / / h t t p : / / w ie b in t u n a lia n d i.w o r d p r e s s . c o m
h t t p : / / b a h a n s im . b lo g s p o t . c o . id / 2 0 1 3 / 0 5 / k a n t o r - m a y a - v ir t u a l- o f f ic e .h t m l

15. h t t p : / / w o n d e r - o l. b lo g s p o t . c o . id / 2 0 1 1 / 0 3 / p e n g g u n a - d a n -p e n g e m b a n g -s is t e m . h t m l