1. Welding is a method of joining two metals by applying heat to melt and fuse them.
2. Flux is a fusible material or gas used to dissolve and/or prevent the formation of oxides, nitrides or other undesirable inclusions formed in welding.
3. This module provides learning activities and information sheets to help students achieve the competency of striking an arc and depositing a straight bead when performing shielded metal arc welding on carbon steel plates.
5 ESSENTIAL OF SMAW, INTERNATIONAL WELDING CODESLovely Paulin
The document discusses the five essentials of shielded metal arc welding which are electrode size, current, arc length, travel speed, and electrode angle. It also discusses various international welding codes and standards from organizations like ASME, AWS, API, ISO, CEN, and others. The codes cover topics like welding procedures, consumables classification, and safety requirements.
This document outlines the learning competencies, lessons, resources, and assessments for a welding training program over 20 weeks. It covers topics such as preparing welding materials and equipment, laying beads on carbon steel plates, fitting up weld materials, repairing welds, and performing fillet welds on carbon steel plates. The training aims to develop skills in setting up and using welding machines safely according to standards and manufacturing quality welds in various positions.
This document provides instructions for welding a 6-inch diameter pipe in the 6G position using SMAW. It specifies using E6010 and E7018 electrodes with DCEP polarity. Safety equipment like a welding helmet and gloves are required. The steps include beveling the pipe edges at 30 degrees, making tack welds, and depositing the root pass from the bottom up. Subsequent filling passes are added after cleaning slag between passes. The capping pass is deposited using an E7018 electrode. Tips provided include maintaining a short arc and cleaning passes thoroughly to prepare for the next layer. The root penetration and groove definition must be maintained throughout the process.
Shielded Metal Arc Welding - (smaw) for grades 7-10Don Joven
This document provides the curriculum for an introductory course on shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) for grades 7 and 8, and a specialization course for grade 9. The grade 7/8 exploratory course introduces basic concepts of SMAW and allows students to explore career opportunities. It covers competencies in tools and equipment, measurement and calculation, and safety procedures. The grade 9 specialization course focuses on performing fillet welds and covers personal entrepreneurial skills, understanding the local market, and preparing welding materials through cutting, edge preparation, and cleaning of surfaces. Both courses aim to develop students' technical skills and understanding of SMAW concepts and processes.
Here are the key points about cutting tools:
- Hacksaw is used for cutting metals like plates, pipes, rods, and bars. It has an adjustable frame that holds replaceable blades with teeth.
- Files are made of hardened steel and have rows of teeth for shaping metal. They vary in shape, cut, and coarseness. Common types include flat, mill, square and round files.
- Cold chisels are wedge-shaped for cutting, shearing and chipping metal. Types include flat, cape, diamond, and round-nose chisels for different tasks.
- Scrapers remove burrs and edges from metal surfaces. Different shapes fit various purposes.
- Punches are
This document discusses shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) as an entrepreneurial career path. It defines an entrepreneur as someone who organizes and manages business risks. Important entrepreneurial traits are listed, including being hardworking, self-confident, future-oriented, profit-oriented, goal-oriented, persistent, able to cope with frustration and failure, open to feedback, able to take initiative, willing to listen, able to set standards, able to cope with uncertainty, committed, able to build on strengths, reliable with integrity, and able to take risks. Students are instructed to identify their own personal entrepreneurial characteristics and traits to improve based on this list.
This document provides the curriculum for an introductory course on shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) for grades 7 and 8, and a specialization course for grade 9. The grade 7/8 exploratory course introduces basic concepts of SMAW and allows students to explore career opportunities. It covers competencies in tools and equipment, measurement and calculation, and safety procedures. The grade 9 specialization course focuses on performing fillet welds and covers personal entrepreneurial skills, understanding the local market, and preparing welding materials through cutting and cleaning surfaces. Both courses aim to develop students' technical skills and understanding of SMAW concepts and applications.
Here are the key points about cutting tools:
- Hacksaw is used for cutting metals like plates, pipes, rods, and bars. It has an adjustable frame that holds replaceable blades with teeth.
- Files are made of hardened steel and have rows of teeth for shaping metal. They vary in shape, cut, and coarseness. Common types include flat, mill, square and round files.
- Cold chisels are wedge-shaped for cutting, shearing and chipping metal. Types include flat, cape, diamond, and round-nose chisels for different tasks.
- Scrapers remove burrs and edges from metal surfaces. Different shapes fit various purposes.
- Punches are
5 ESSENTIAL OF SMAW, INTERNATIONAL WELDING CODESLovely Paulin
The document discusses the five essentials of shielded metal arc welding which are electrode size, current, arc length, travel speed, and electrode angle. It also discusses various international welding codes and standards from organizations like ASME, AWS, API, ISO, CEN, and others. The codes cover topics like welding procedures, consumables classification, and safety requirements.
This document outlines the learning competencies, lessons, resources, and assessments for a welding training program over 20 weeks. It covers topics such as preparing welding materials and equipment, laying beads on carbon steel plates, fitting up weld materials, repairing welds, and performing fillet welds on carbon steel plates. The training aims to develop skills in setting up and using welding machines safely according to standards and manufacturing quality welds in various positions.
This document provides instructions for welding a 6-inch diameter pipe in the 6G position using SMAW. It specifies using E6010 and E7018 electrodes with DCEP polarity. Safety equipment like a welding helmet and gloves are required. The steps include beveling the pipe edges at 30 degrees, making tack welds, and depositing the root pass from the bottom up. Subsequent filling passes are added after cleaning slag between passes. The capping pass is deposited using an E7018 electrode. Tips provided include maintaining a short arc and cleaning passes thoroughly to prepare for the next layer. The root penetration and groove definition must be maintained throughout the process.
Shielded Metal Arc Welding - (smaw) for grades 7-10Don Joven
This document provides the curriculum for an introductory course on shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) for grades 7 and 8, and a specialization course for grade 9. The grade 7/8 exploratory course introduces basic concepts of SMAW and allows students to explore career opportunities. It covers competencies in tools and equipment, measurement and calculation, and safety procedures. The grade 9 specialization course focuses on performing fillet welds and covers personal entrepreneurial skills, understanding the local market, and preparing welding materials through cutting, edge preparation, and cleaning of surfaces. Both courses aim to develop students' technical skills and understanding of SMAW concepts and processes.
Here are the key points about cutting tools:
- Hacksaw is used for cutting metals like plates, pipes, rods, and bars. It has an adjustable frame that holds replaceable blades with teeth.
- Files are made of hardened steel and have rows of teeth for shaping metal. They vary in shape, cut, and coarseness. Common types include flat, mill, square and round files.
- Cold chisels are wedge-shaped for cutting, shearing and chipping metal. Types include flat, cape, diamond, and round-nose chisels for different tasks.
- Scrapers remove burrs and edges from metal surfaces. Different shapes fit various purposes.
- Punches are
This document discusses shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) as an entrepreneurial career path. It defines an entrepreneur as someone who organizes and manages business risks. Important entrepreneurial traits are listed, including being hardworking, self-confident, future-oriented, profit-oriented, goal-oriented, persistent, able to cope with frustration and failure, open to feedback, able to take initiative, willing to listen, able to set standards, able to cope with uncertainty, committed, able to build on strengths, reliable with integrity, and able to take risks. Students are instructed to identify their own personal entrepreneurial characteristics and traits to improve based on this list.
This document provides the curriculum for an introductory course on shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) for grades 7 and 8, and a specialization course for grade 9. The grade 7/8 exploratory course introduces basic concepts of SMAW and allows students to explore career opportunities. It covers competencies in tools and equipment, measurement and calculation, and safety procedures. The grade 9 specialization course focuses on performing fillet welds and covers personal entrepreneurial skills, understanding the local market, and preparing welding materials through cutting and cleaning surfaces. Both courses aim to develop students' technical skills and understanding of SMAW concepts and applications.
Here are the key points about cutting tools:
- Hacksaw is used for cutting metals like plates, pipes, rods, and bars. It has an adjustable frame that holds replaceable blades with teeth.
- Files are made of hardened steel and have rows of teeth for shaping metal. They vary in shape, cut, and coarseness. Common types include flat, mill, square and round files.
- Cold chisels are wedge-shaped for cutting, shearing and chipping metal. Types include flat, cape, diamond, and round-nose chisels for different tasks.
- Scrapers remove burrs and edges from metal surfaces. Different shapes fit various purposes.
- Punches are
The document provides an overview and guide for teaching Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) including learning objectives, safety procedures, welding principles, equipment setup, the welding process, troubleshooting techniques, electrode classification, and sample lesson plans. Key topics covered include striking an arc, travel speed, arc length, filler metals, and the advantages and limitations of the SMAW process.
The document is a learning module from the Department of Education of the Philippines that outlines the K to 12 basic education curriculum for shielded metal arc work (SMAW). The module covers 4 lessons - using basic hand tools and equipment, performing mensuration and calculations, applying safety practices, and interpreting plans and drawings. It provides learning outcomes, performance standards, definitions, and content for students in grades 7 and 8 to learn introductory skills in SMAW.
This document provides guidance for teachers on teaching the exploratory course on shielded metal arc welding as part of the Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) curriculum in the Philippines. It begins with background information on the overall goals of the K to 12 curriculum and the conceptual framework for teaching TLE. It then describes the structure and components of the TLE learning modules, which include learning outcomes, performance standards, lesson materials, and assessment activities. The document provides direction for teachers on utilizing the learning modules to teach TLE courses in a way that prepares students for technical-vocational certification and careers.
This document provides information on shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) techniques. It discusses various types of weld beads and passes used in SMAW. Key techniques covered include stringer, weave, and whip techniques and their characteristics. Proper travel angles, speeds, and electrode placement are described. Joint preparation details are provided for different joint types, positions, and whether backing is used. The document also discusses restart and crater techniques as well as machine setup parameters.
This document summarizes Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) techniques. It describes different types of weld beads, such as stringer and weave beads, and weld passes like root, fill, and cover passes. It outlines techniques for various weld positions including flat, horizontal, vertical and overhead. It provides guidance on travel speed, electrode placement, arc length and work/drag angles to control weld penetration, dilution and bead shape. It also covers topics like joint preparation, restarts and crater fills.
The document provides instructions for the proper procedure of striking an arc when welding. It outlines 11 steps for the procedure, including wearing proper protective equipment, setting up the welding machine, grounding the metal plate, mounting the electrode holder at a 45 degree angle, using the scratching or tapping methods to strike the arc, building a short bead along the edge of the workpiece, chipping slag and brushing beads, and practicing until the arc can be struck freely in the desired location. It emphasizes maintaining safety and properly executing each step of the procedure.
Welding is a process that joins materials by causing coalescence and can be accomplished with or without the use of filler material. There are several common welded joint types including butt, fillet, lap, and corner joints. Various welding processes are described including oxy-fuel welding, shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Key factors that affect the quality of a weld include current, voltage, travel speed, and gas selection depending on the specific process.
This document discusses basic hand tools and equipment used by welders. It describes several common measuring tools, including pull-push rules, steel tapes, steel rules, try squares, combination squares, micrometer calipers, vernier calipers, and dividers. These measuring tools are used to accurately measure the dimensions of objects and metal for welding and metalworking projects.
This document lists and describes various tools and equipment used in shielded metal arc welding, including: chipping hammers, wire brushes, ball-peen hammers, pliers, files, welding helmets, aprons, gloves, goggles, oxy-acetylene goggles, try squares, steel squares, radius gauges, welding positioners, electrode drying ovens, angle grinders, power hacksaws, anvils, work benches, grinding machines, fans, metal markers, power saws, cutting discs, steel pipes, and mild steel plates. Protective equipment like helmets and goggles are needed to prevent injuries to welders like arc eye and retina burns.
This document provides an exploratory module on carpentry for grades 7 and 8 students as part of the Technology and Livelihood Education curriculum in the Philippines. It covers 5 lessons: (1) preparing construction materials and tools, (2) maintaining tools and equipment, (3) performing measurements and calculations, (4) interpreting drawings and plans, and (5) practicing occupational health and safety. Each lesson aims to teach students specific competencies and is comprised of learning outcomes, activities, and assessments to help students learn key carpentry skills. The module provides a comprehensive introduction to carpentry for junior high school students.
The document provides instructions for welding a 6-inch diameter pipe in the 6G position using SMAW (shielded metal arc welding). It specifies using E6010 and E7018 electrodes with DCEP polarity. Safety equipment like a welding helmet and gloves is required. The process involves beveling the pipe edges, tack welding, depositing a root pass from the bottom up, subsequent filling passes while cleaning slag, and a capping pass. Tips are provided like maintaining a short arc and cleaning passes until shiny to prepare for the next layer. The goal is to achieve full root penetration and fill the groove completely according to AWS B2.1 standards for 6G pipe welding certification.
This document discusses electrical power tools used in construction. It begins by listing advantages of using proper electrical tools like efficiency, quality, speed, accuracy, and less stress on users. However, these advantages depend on availability of materials, worker experience, and tool quality. It then lists common types of construction tools for different trades like carpentry, masonry, plumbing, and electrical work. The document provides safety rules for using power equipment and describes portable drills, grinders, hammer drills, core drills, and power threaders. It identifies common defects in electrical power tools and assigns performance tasks to label tool parts and functions.
Welding equipment's is the tools used in the welding
The following equipment's used in the welding
1. Power Source (AC or DC)
2. Electrode Holder
3. Welding Cables
4. Ground Clamp
5. Welding Electrodes
6. Welding Helmets & Hand Shield
7. Protective Cloths
8. Finishing tools – Wire brush, Chipping Hammers.
EIM 7/8 Lesson 1: Prepare Electrical Tools and MaterialsBenandro Palor
Learning Outcomes:
* identify and explain the use of different electrical tools and materials;
* identify the different forms used in electrical installation
* perform basic manipulation of electrical tools and materials; and
* observe safety precautions in handling electrical tools and materials
This Lesson includes:
* Electrical Tools
* Electrical Materials
DepEd TLE Consumer Electronics Servicing Curriculum Guide Grade 7-10Bogs De Castro
This document outlines a curriculum for an exploratory course on consumer electronics servicing for 7th and 8th grade students. It introduces basic concepts in electronics servicing, career opportunities, and common competencies including using tools, performing measurements and calculations, interpreting technical drawings, and occupational health and safety. It also covers assessing personal entrepreneurial competencies and skills, analyzing the business environment and market, and maintaining tools and equipment. The curriculum aims to develop an understanding of concepts and competencies needed for a career in consumer electronics servicing.
Personal Protective Equipment: Shielded Metal Arc WeldingShineRelleNunez
The document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used for welding. It provides a chart summarizing the types of PPE needed to protect different body parts, including eyes and face (welding helmet), lungs (respirators), exposed skin (fire resistant clothing and aprons), ears (ear muffs or plugs), and feet and hands (boots and gloves). The PPE protects welders from radiation, hot slag and sparks, intense light, fumes and oxides, heat, fires, burns, noise, and electric shock.
The document discusses weld defects, their causes, and remedies. It identifies eight main types of structural weld defects: crater cracks, longitudinal cracks, cross-sectional cracks, undercutting, slag inclusion, porosity, poor penetration, and incomplete fusion. Each defect is described along with its potential causes, such as improper welding technique, incorrect electrode or current usage, or poor joint preparation. The objective is to help identify different weld defects, understand what causes them, and take appropriate measures to remedy issues.
This document provides information about basic hand tools used in consumer electronics servicing. It lists and describes various types of screwdrivers, soldering tools, splicing tools, boring tools, cutting tools, and auxiliary tools. It also discusses how to properly classify these tools and gives assignments for students to identify common faults in using hand tools like pliers, screwdrivers, and utility knives.
Signed off_ SMAW11 _q1_m1_Preparing Welds Material_v3.pdfJymaerGeromo2
Here are the key points from the information sheet:
- Oxy-acetylene cutting equipment uses compressed oxygen and acetylene gases stored separately in cylinders.
- The basic outfit includes oxygen and acetylene cylinders, regulators for each gas, hoses to carry the gases to the torch, and the torch itself.
- Regulators reduce the high pressure gas in the cylinders to a lower working pressure and maintain a constant pressure over a range of flow rates.
- Gauges indicate the cylinder pressure and working pressure of gases flowing to the torch.
- Safety features include a relief valve and specific cylinder valve fittings to prevent connecting gases incorrectly.
- The cutting torch mixes and directs the gases to produce a cutting flame
The document provides an overview and guide for teaching Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) including learning objectives, safety procedures, welding principles, equipment setup, the welding process, troubleshooting techniques, electrode classification, and sample lesson plans. Key topics covered include striking an arc, travel speed, arc length, filler metals, and the advantages and limitations of the SMAW process.
The document is a learning module from the Department of Education of the Philippines that outlines the K to 12 basic education curriculum for shielded metal arc work (SMAW). The module covers 4 lessons - using basic hand tools and equipment, performing mensuration and calculations, applying safety practices, and interpreting plans and drawings. It provides learning outcomes, performance standards, definitions, and content for students in grades 7 and 8 to learn introductory skills in SMAW.
This document provides guidance for teachers on teaching the exploratory course on shielded metal arc welding as part of the Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) curriculum in the Philippines. It begins with background information on the overall goals of the K to 12 curriculum and the conceptual framework for teaching TLE. It then describes the structure and components of the TLE learning modules, which include learning outcomes, performance standards, lesson materials, and assessment activities. The document provides direction for teachers on utilizing the learning modules to teach TLE courses in a way that prepares students for technical-vocational certification and careers.
This document provides information on shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) techniques. It discusses various types of weld beads and passes used in SMAW. Key techniques covered include stringer, weave, and whip techniques and their characteristics. Proper travel angles, speeds, and electrode placement are described. Joint preparation details are provided for different joint types, positions, and whether backing is used. The document also discusses restart and crater techniques as well as machine setup parameters.
This document summarizes Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) techniques. It describes different types of weld beads, such as stringer and weave beads, and weld passes like root, fill, and cover passes. It outlines techniques for various weld positions including flat, horizontal, vertical and overhead. It provides guidance on travel speed, electrode placement, arc length and work/drag angles to control weld penetration, dilution and bead shape. It also covers topics like joint preparation, restarts and crater fills.
The document provides instructions for the proper procedure of striking an arc when welding. It outlines 11 steps for the procedure, including wearing proper protective equipment, setting up the welding machine, grounding the metal plate, mounting the electrode holder at a 45 degree angle, using the scratching or tapping methods to strike the arc, building a short bead along the edge of the workpiece, chipping slag and brushing beads, and practicing until the arc can be struck freely in the desired location. It emphasizes maintaining safety and properly executing each step of the procedure.
Welding is a process that joins materials by causing coalescence and can be accomplished with or without the use of filler material. There are several common welded joint types including butt, fillet, lap, and corner joints. Various welding processes are described including oxy-fuel welding, shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Key factors that affect the quality of a weld include current, voltage, travel speed, and gas selection depending on the specific process.
This document discusses basic hand tools and equipment used by welders. It describes several common measuring tools, including pull-push rules, steel tapes, steel rules, try squares, combination squares, micrometer calipers, vernier calipers, and dividers. These measuring tools are used to accurately measure the dimensions of objects and metal for welding and metalworking projects.
This document lists and describes various tools and equipment used in shielded metal arc welding, including: chipping hammers, wire brushes, ball-peen hammers, pliers, files, welding helmets, aprons, gloves, goggles, oxy-acetylene goggles, try squares, steel squares, radius gauges, welding positioners, electrode drying ovens, angle grinders, power hacksaws, anvils, work benches, grinding machines, fans, metal markers, power saws, cutting discs, steel pipes, and mild steel plates. Protective equipment like helmets and goggles are needed to prevent injuries to welders like arc eye and retina burns.
This document provides an exploratory module on carpentry for grades 7 and 8 students as part of the Technology and Livelihood Education curriculum in the Philippines. It covers 5 lessons: (1) preparing construction materials and tools, (2) maintaining tools and equipment, (3) performing measurements and calculations, (4) interpreting drawings and plans, and (5) practicing occupational health and safety. Each lesson aims to teach students specific competencies and is comprised of learning outcomes, activities, and assessments to help students learn key carpentry skills. The module provides a comprehensive introduction to carpentry for junior high school students.
The document provides instructions for welding a 6-inch diameter pipe in the 6G position using SMAW (shielded metal arc welding). It specifies using E6010 and E7018 electrodes with DCEP polarity. Safety equipment like a welding helmet and gloves is required. The process involves beveling the pipe edges, tack welding, depositing a root pass from the bottom up, subsequent filling passes while cleaning slag, and a capping pass. Tips are provided like maintaining a short arc and cleaning passes until shiny to prepare for the next layer. The goal is to achieve full root penetration and fill the groove completely according to AWS B2.1 standards for 6G pipe welding certification.
This document discusses electrical power tools used in construction. It begins by listing advantages of using proper electrical tools like efficiency, quality, speed, accuracy, and less stress on users. However, these advantages depend on availability of materials, worker experience, and tool quality. It then lists common types of construction tools for different trades like carpentry, masonry, plumbing, and electrical work. The document provides safety rules for using power equipment and describes portable drills, grinders, hammer drills, core drills, and power threaders. It identifies common defects in electrical power tools and assigns performance tasks to label tool parts and functions.
Welding equipment's is the tools used in the welding
The following equipment's used in the welding
1. Power Source (AC or DC)
2. Electrode Holder
3. Welding Cables
4. Ground Clamp
5. Welding Electrodes
6. Welding Helmets & Hand Shield
7. Protective Cloths
8. Finishing tools – Wire brush, Chipping Hammers.
EIM 7/8 Lesson 1: Prepare Electrical Tools and MaterialsBenandro Palor
Learning Outcomes:
* identify and explain the use of different electrical tools and materials;
* identify the different forms used in electrical installation
* perform basic manipulation of electrical tools and materials; and
* observe safety precautions in handling electrical tools and materials
This Lesson includes:
* Electrical Tools
* Electrical Materials
DepEd TLE Consumer Electronics Servicing Curriculum Guide Grade 7-10Bogs De Castro
This document outlines a curriculum for an exploratory course on consumer electronics servicing for 7th and 8th grade students. It introduces basic concepts in electronics servicing, career opportunities, and common competencies including using tools, performing measurements and calculations, interpreting technical drawings, and occupational health and safety. It also covers assessing personal entrepreneurial competencies and skills, analyzing the business environment and market, and maintaining tools and equipment. The curriculum aims to develop an understanding of concepts and competencies needed for a career in consumer electronics servicing.
Personal Protective Equipment: Shielded Metal Arc WeldingShineRelleNunez
The document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used for welding. It provides a chart summarizing the types of PPE needed to protect different body parts, including eyes and face (welding helmet), lungs (respirators), exposed skin (fire resistant clothing and aprons), ears (ear muffs or plugs), and feet and hands (boots and gloves). The PPE protects welders from radiation, hot slag and sparks, intense light, fumes and oxides, heat, fires, burns, noise, and electric shock.
The document discusses weld defects, their causes, and remedies. It identifies eight main types of structural weld defects: crater cracks, longitudinal cracks, cross-sectional cracks, undercutting, slag inclusion, porosity, poor penetration, and incomplete fusion. Each defect is described along with its potential causes, such as improper welding technique, incorrect electrode or current usage, or poor joint preparation. The objective is to help identify different weld defects, understand what causes them, and take appropriate measures to remedy issues.
This document provides information about basic hand tools used in consumer electronics servicing. It lists and describes various types of screwdrivers, soldering tools, splicing tools, boring tools, cutting tools, and auxiliary tools. It also discusses how to properly classify these tools and gives assignments for students to identify common faults in using hand tools like pliers, screwdrivers, and utility knives.
Signed off_ SMAW11 _q1_m1_Preparing Welds Material_v3.pdfJymaerGeromo2
Here are the key points from the information sheet:
- Oxy-acetylene cutting equipment uses compressed oxygen and acetylene gases stored separately in cylinders.
- The basic outfit includes oxygen and acetylene cylinders, regulators for each gas, hoses to carry the gases to the torch, and the torch itself.
- Regulators reduce the high pressure gas in the cylinders to a lower working pressure and maintain a constant pressure over a range of flow rates.
- Gauges indicate the cylinder pressure and working pressure of gases flowing to the torch.
- Safety features include a relief valve and specific cylinder valve fittings to prevent connecting gases incorrectly.
- The cutting torch mixes and directs the gases to produce a cutting flame
This document provides an overview of electron configuration and electronic structure of atoms. It discusses the key concepts of electron configuration including atomic orbitals, orbital diagrams, quantum numbers, and electron spin. Electron configuration summarizes the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals according to specific rules like the Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule. Orbital diagrams use arrows to represent electrons in orbitals and can show the electron configuration of an element. The document also provides examples of writing electronic configurations and drawing orbital diagrams.
This document provides information about the module on electronic structure of atoms: electron configuration for General Chemistry 1. It discusses that the module will cover writing electronic configurations of elements, illustrating electron distribution using orbital diagrams, and determining magnetic property based on electronic configuration. It also lists the development team who created the module.
This document provides information about blueprints, including how they are produced, the information they contain, and proper filing. Blueprints are copies of technical drawings that convey construction details through standardized symbols and projections. They are produced through processes that create duplicates of original drawings on tracing paper, resulting in prints with lines on colored backgrounds. Blueprints contain title blocks, notes, dimensions, symbols and other information to fully specify parts, machines, or structures. Proper organization and filing of blueprints is necessary for easy access and use.
This document provides information about a learning module on shielded metal arc work (SMAW) for grades 7 and 8 in the Philippines. It covers 4 lessons: (1) use of basic hand tools and equipment, (2) mensuration and calculations, (3) safety practices, and (4) interpreting plans and drawings. Each lesson aims to teach students specific learning outcomes and performance standards. The module defines important terms, provides learning activities and assessments to help students master the content. It explains that students must apply what they learn in real tasks to show their understanding. The goal is for students to gain skills needed for the national certificate level II qualification in SMAW.
Here are the key points covered in the information sheet:
- Screwdrivers (standard/flat, Philips, stubby, Allen) are used to loosen or tighten screws of different head types.
- Hammers are used for driving or pulling out nails. Types include claw hammer, mallet, ballpeen hammer.
- Pliers (combination, side cutting, long nose) are used for cutting, twisting, bending wires and cables.
- Other tools include wire strippers, electrician's knife, portable electric drill, hacksaw.
- Electrical materials include convenience outlets, male plugs, lamp holders (flush, hanging, surface), switches (hanging, flush, surface)
This document provides an exploratory course module on electrical installation and maintenance for grades 7-8 students, covering 5 lessons that teach competencies in preparing electrical supplies and tools, performing calculations, interpreting technical drawings, maintaining tools and equipment, and practicing occupational safety. The module defines key terms, lists learning outcomes and performance standards for each lesson, and provides learning activities and assessments to help students master the concepts and skills needed for an entry-level role in the electrical field.
This document provides an exploratory course module on electrical installation and maintenance for grades 7-8 students, covering 5 lessons that teach competencies in preparing electrical supplies and tools, performing calculations, interpreting technical drawings, maintaining tools and equipment, and practicing occupational safety. The module defines key terms, lists learning outcomes and performance standards for each lesson, and provides learning activities and assessments to help students master the concepts and skills needed for an entry-level role in the electrical field.
This document provides an exploratory course module on electrical installation and maintenance for grades 7-8 students, covering 5 lessons that teach competencies in preparing electrical supplies and tools, performing calculations, interpreting technical drawings, maintaining tools and equipment, and practicing occupational safety. The module defines key terms, lists learning outcomes and performance standards for each lesson, and provides learning activities and assessments to help students master the concepts and skills needed for an entry-level role in the electrical field.
K to 12_electrical_installation_and_maintenance_learning_moduleA J
This document provides an exploratory course module on electrical installation and maintenance for grades 7-8 students, covering 5 lessons that teach competencies in preparing electrical supplies and tools, performing calculations, interpreting technical drawings, maintaining tools and equipment, and practicing occupational safety. The module defines key terms, lists learning outcomes and performance standards for each lesson, and provides learning activities and assessments to help students master the concepts and skills needed for an entry-level role in the electrical field.
Here are the key points about electrical tools and materials from the information sheet:
- Screwdrivers come in various sizes and types like standard, Philips, stubby and Allen for different screw heads.
- Hammers are used for driving and removing nails. Common types are claw, mallet and ballpeen.
- Pliers are used for gripping, cutting and bending wires. Types include combination, side cutting and long nose pliers.
- Other tools are wire strippers, electrician's knife, portable electric drill and hacksaw for stripping insulation, cutting and drilling.
- Electrical materials include convenience outlets, male plugs and lamp holders for supplying power. Outlets can be surface or
K-12 Module in TLE 8 (Electrical) 3rd GradingDaniel Manaog
This document provides an electrical installation and maintenance learning module for grades 7 and 8 in the Philippines. It covers 5 lessons: 1) preparing electrical supplies, materials, and tools; 2) performing mensuration and calculations; 3) interpreting technical drawings and plans; 4) maintaining tools and equipment; and 5) practicing occupational safety and health. Each lesson defines learning outcomes and performance standards to build competencies in electrical installation and maintenance. The module guides students through learning activities, self-checks, demonstrations, and assessments to achieve the goals of the exploratory course.
This document is a module on simple electrical gadgets for 6th grade technology and livelihood education students. It introduces the basic tools and materials needed to make simple electrical gadgets, such as pliers, screwdrivers, wire strippers, and electrical tape. It emphasizes the importance of safety practices like wearing protective equipment. The module aims to teach students to identify electrical tools and gadgets, their proper uses, and how to construct a basic extension cord.
This document provides the course syllabus for ACC Physical Science at Timberlane Regional High School for the 2014-2015 school year. The course is taught in blocked periods by Stefanie Barkanic and covers 9 competencies related to physics and chemistry concepts. Students will learn about motion, waves, electricity, thermodynamics, atomic theory, nuclear science, chemical bonding, and acids and bases through activities, labs, tests, homework, and projects. The course follows a semester-long schedule that covers these topics through May, using the textbook Glencoe Physical Science. Grades are calculated from these assignments and students can retake one assessment per competency by completing a re-learning plan.
This document provides information about a Real Estate Practice course being offered in Spring 2015 including the instructor's contact information, class meeting times and device policy, course description and objectives, required text, student learning outcomes, evaluation methods, grading scale, class schedule and academic honesty policy. The course covers various topics in real estate including ethics, contracts, financing, escrow and title issues. Students will complete quizzes, a midterm and final exam and group paper.
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Signed off_ SMAW11 _q1_m3_Laying Out Beads and Carbon Steel Plates_v3.pdf
1.
2. i
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NC-1 - Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 3: Laying Out Beads on Carbon Steel Plates
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalty.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent
nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education – Region X – Northern Mindanao Regional
Director: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO V
Printed in the Philippines by
Department of Education - Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM)
Office Address: Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Zone 1, Cagayan de Oro
City, Cagayan de Oro, Lalawigan ng Misamis Oriental
Telefax: ________________________________________________
E-mail Address: ________________________________________________
Development Team of the Module
Authors: Aaron A. Adesas
Marco Antonio E. Sosobrado
Roy M. Legaspi
Nolan V. Alvear
Editors:
Reviewers: Dexter A. Delfin
Lovenres J. Enanoria
Ronald M. Ortega
Illustrator and Layout Artist:
Nolan V. Alvear
Management Team:
Purificacion J. Yap
Sherlita L. Daguisonan
Development Team of the Module:
Authors: Aaron A. Adesas
Marco Antonio E. Sosobrado
Roy M. Legaspi
Nolan V. Alvear
Reviewers: Dexter A. Delfin
Lovenres J. Enanoria
Ronald M. Ortega
Illustrator: Nolan V. Alvear
Management Team:
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Asst. Regional Director
Mala Epra B. Magnaong
CES, CLMD
Members: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr.
Regional ADM Coordinator
Elson C. Jamero
EPS-Designate-TLE
Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Regional Office 10
Office Address: Zone 1, Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro City 9000
Telefax: (088) 880-7071, (088) 880-7072
E-mail Address: region10@deped.gov.ph
3. ii
Department of Education Republic of the Philippines
Senior High School
Shielded Metal Arc
Welding (SMAW) NC-1
Unit of Competency : Surface Welding on Carbon
Steel Plates
Module Title : Laying Out Beads on Carbon
Steel Plates
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by
educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at action@
deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
4. iv
Table of Contents
What This Module is About.……………………………….………………………………….….1
Recognition of Prior Learning……………………………………………………………………1
What I Need to Know…………………………………………….……………………………….2
How to Learn from this Module……………………………………………………………….….2
Technical Terms ………………………………………………………….……………......….….3
Icons of this Module……………………………………………………………………………….5
What I Know………………………………………………………………………………………..6
Learning Outcome #1 Strike an Arc……………….……………………….……………8
Learning Experiences/Activities ………………………………………….….………….8
Information Sheet #1.1.……………………………………………………….….………9
Self-Check #1.1 …………………………………………………………………...…….11
Information Sheet #1.2.……………………………………………………….….…… 12
Self-Check #1.2 …………………………………………………………………...…….19
Operation Sheet # 1.1………………………………………………………………..….20
Self-Check #1.1 (Operation Sheet)……………………………………………...…….23
Learning Outcome #2 Deposit Straight Bead.….…………………………….………24
Learning Experiences/Activities …………………………….…………………………24
Information Sheet # 2.1 ………………………………………….…………….……….25
Information Sheet # 2.2 ………………………………………….…………….……….26
Operation Sheet 2.1 …………………………………………………………………….27
Self-Check #2.1 …………………………………………………….…………………...30
Information Sheet # 2.3 ………………………………………….…………….……….31
Assessment: (Post-Test) …………………………………………………………….32
Answer Key ………………………………………………………………………………………34
References ……………………………………………………………………………………….35
iii
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5. 1
What This Module is About
Welcome to the Module “LAYING OUT BEADS ON CARBON STEEL PLATES”. This
module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Surface Weld on carbon Steel Plates” contains the
knowledge, skills and attitudes required for Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) required
to obtain the National Certificate (NC) level I.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete each
of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning outcome there are Information
Sheets, Job Sheets, Operation Sheets and Activity Sheets. Do these activities on your
own and answer the Self-Check at the end of each learning activity?
If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some basic knowledge and skills covered in this module.
If you can demonstrate competence to your teacher in a particular skill, talk to your
teacher so you do not have to undergo the same module again. If you have a qualification or
Certificate of Competency from previous trainings show it to him/her. If the skills you acquired
are consistent with and relevant to this module, they become part of the evidence. You can
present these for RPL. If you are not sure about your competence skills, discuss this with your
teacher.
After completing this module, ask your teacher to assess your competence. Result of
your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the learning activities are
designed for you to complete at your own pace.
In this module, you will find the activities for you to complete and relevant information
sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have more than one learning
activity.
This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in receiving
and relaying information. This will be the source of information that will enable you to acquire
the knowledge and skills in Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) independently at your own
pace with minimum supervision from your teacher.
6. 2
What I Need to Know
This module contains information and suggested learning activities on surface weld on
carbon steel plates. It includes instruction and procedure on how laying out beads on carbon
steel plates.
Completion of this module will help you better understand the succeeding module on
fitting up welds.
This module consists of two (2) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome contains
learning activities supported by instruction sheets. Before you perform the instruction, read the
information sheets and answer the self- check and activities provided. To ascertain your
competence, your teacher will assess what you have acquired when the knowledge necessary
to perform the skill portion of the what particular learning outcome.
Upon completing this module, report to your competence teacher for assessment to
check your achievement of knowledge and skills requirements of this module. If you pass the
assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.
Upon completion of the module you should be able to:
• LO1 Strike an Arc TLE_IAAW9-12LBIIa-e-1
• LO2 Deposit Straight Bead TLE_IAAW9-12LBIIf-j-2
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
7. 3
What is It
TECHNICAL TERMS
1. Welding is a method of joining two metals by applying heat to melt and fuse them,
producing a coalescence of materials with or without the use of filler metal.
2. Flux Coated Electrode is a metal rod coated with a special substance called flux,
which determines the nature of the electrode. During welding it is melted to fill up
joints in the base metal.
3. Bare Electrode a filler metal electrode use in arc welding, consisting of a metal wire
with no coating on its surface.
4. Flux is a fusible material or gas used to dissolve and/or prevent the formation of
oxides, nitrides or other undesirable inclusions formed in welding.
5. Base or Parent Metal The metal that is to be welded or worked.
6. Weldment an assembly or structure whose component parts are joined by welding.
7. Weld Bead it is a deposit of filler metal from a single welding pass.
8. Stringer Bead/Straight Weld Bead a type of weld bead with appreciable transverse
oscillation or side to side movement.
9. Face of a Weld expose surface of the weld.
10. Electrode Angle it is an angle from the electrode which is perpendicular to the base
metal.
11. Arc Length is a normal distance of approximately equal to the diameter of the
electrode.
12. Puddle part of the weld that is melted (molten) due to heat of welding.
13. Pass refers to the layer of beads which has been deposited in the base metal.
14. Ripple is the shape/appearance of the beads which results from the movement of
the electrode.
15. Crater is the flattened portion produced when the electrode comes in contact with the
base metal
8. 4
16. Slag refers to the outer covering of the deposited bead when the electrode melts
during the welding process.
17. Blowholes are the cavities produced by gas entrapment during the solidification of
the weld metal.
18. Penetration refers to the depth of fusion of beads with the base metal.
19. Joint is the point where two or more parts meet
20. Welding Position the stock to be welded may assume any of the main welding
positions, namely, flat, horizontal, overhead and vertical.
21. Spatter in arc and gas welding, it is the metal particles expelled during welding and
which do not form part of the weld.
22. Travel Angle is the angle of the electrode in relation to the axis of weld when the
electrode is perpendicular to the axis of weld.
23. Work Angle is the angle of an electrode in relation to the surface or surfaces of a
work piece when the electrode is perpendicular to the axis of weld.
24. Coalescence the growing together or growth into one body of the materials being
welded.
25. Fusion Welding the melting together of filler metal and base metal, or of base metal
only to produce a weld.
26. Shielded Metal Arc Welding arc welding process that produces a coalescence of
material by heating them with an arc between a covered electrode and work piece.
Shielding is obtained from the composition of the electrode cover; pressure is not use
and filler metal is obtained from the electrode.
9. 5
Icons of this Module
What I Need to
Know
This part contains learning objectives that
are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.
What I know This is an assessment as to your level of
knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.
What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through
various activities, before it will be presented
to you
What is It These are discussions of the activities as a
way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.
What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-
tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.
What I Have
Learned
Activities designed to process what you
have learned from the lesson
What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-
case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
Additional
Activities
An activity in any form that can increase the
strength of the response and tends to induce
repetitions of actions/learning
Answer Key
10. 6
What I Know
LO-1 Striking an Arc
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer in every item. Provide a separate
answer sheet.
1. What is the basis for identifying the recommended arc length to be maintained when
striking an arc?
a. diameter of filler metal c. type of electrode
b. diameter of the flux d. thickness of the base metal
2. This type of welding rod is used mostly in root penetration.
a. E6013 b. E6011 c. E7018 d. E7020
3. What is the recommended travel angle and work angle in striking an arc in flat
position?
a. 65° - 75°, 90° c. 70°, 90°
b. 75° - 85°, 95° d. 60°, 85°
4. What is the recommended welding position in the electrode E6011?
a. flat position only c. vertical and overhead position
b. horizontal position only d. all of the above
5. What is the recommended angle in striking an arc in horizontal position?
a. 65° - 75°, 90° c. 70°, 90°
b. 75° - 85°, 95° d. 60°, 85°
6. Below are examples of weaving motion except:
a. crescent motion. c. square motion
b. figure 8 motion d. linear motion
7. What is the prescribe safe lens shade if the electrode size is 1/16 – 5/32 and
amperage is 75-200 amperes?
a. # 8 b. # 10 c. # 12 d. # 14
8. What is the prescribe safe lens shade if the electrode size is 5/16 – 3/8 and
amperage is 400+ amperes?
a. # 8 b. # 10 c. # 12 d. # 14
9. Below is an example of a rutile electrode:
a. E6013 b. E6011 c. E6010 d. E7011
10. Below is an example of a cellulosic electrode:
a. E6013 c. E7018
b. E6011 d. E6012
11. 7
11. The growing together or growth into one body of materials being welded is called.
a. coalescence c. fusion welding
b. spatter d. bead
12. A joining process produces a coalescence of materials by heating to a melting point,
with or without the use of filler metal is called.
a. oxyacetylene gas cutting c. grinding
b. sawing d. welding
13. A non-metallic solid material entrapped or formed on top of weld metal or between
the weld metal and base metal is called.
a. Slag b. flux c. bead d. spatter
14. The function of flux in an electrode is:
a. stabilize the arc
b. forms a gaseous atmosphere which protect the weld pool
c. to provide a means of welding alloy to the weld metal
d. all of the above
15. The key to maintain a stable arc in welding is:
a. correct electrode size and electrode angle
b. correct current
c. correct arc length and travel speed
d. all of the above
LO-2: Deposit Stringer Bead
16 – 20 Enumerate at least 5 weaving motion in welding.
21 – 30 Labeling: Identify the parts of a welding process
12. 8
What I Need to Know
Assessment Criteria:
1. Weld procedure in striking arc is applied according to weld standard.
2. Methods of striking an arc are applied accordingly.
Learning Experiences/Activities:
Learning Activities Special Instructions:
Note: Answer the pretest before you
read this module
1. Read the attached information sheet
1.1/1.2 Methods of Striking an Arc
2. Perform the operation sheet 1.1
3. Answer the self-check 1.1/1.2
(Operation Sheet 1.1) to test your
knowledge on method of striking an arc.
4. Compare your answer on the answer
keys.
5. If you miss some of the items go over
this information sheet.
6. When you are ready, you can proceed
to the next LO.
Answer the self-check without looking at the
information sheet.
LO - 1 Strike an Arc
13. 9
What’s New
LO1: Strike an Arc
1. Identify the methods of striking an arc.
2. Prepare the safety gears needed for striking an arc.
A welding arc is maintained when the welding current is forced across a gap between the
electrode tip and the base metal. A welder must be able to strike and establish the correct arc
easily and quickly.
What Is It
There are two general methods of striking the arc:
1. Scratching
2. Tapping
The scratching method is easier for beginners and when using an AC machine. The
electrode is moved across the plate inclined at an angle, as you would strike a match. As the
electrode scratches the plate an arc is struck. When the arc has formed, withdraw the
electrode momentarily to form an excessively long arc, then return to normal arc length (see
figure 1).
Figure 1. "Scratching" method Figure 2. "Tapping" method
In the tapping method, the electrode is moved downward to the base metal in a vertical
direction. As soon as it touches the metal it is withdrawn momentarily to form an excessively
long arc, then returned to normal arc length (see figure 2).
The principal difficulty encountered in striking the arc is "freezing," or when the
electrode sticks or fuses to the work. This is caused by the current melting the electrode
tip and sticking it to the cold base metal before it is withdrawn from contact. The extra high
Information Sheet 1.1
14. 10
current drawn by the "short circuit" will soon overheat an electrode and melt it or the flux,
unless the circuit is broken. Giving the electrode holder a quick snap backward from the
direction of travel will generally free the electrode. If it does not, it will be necessary to open
the circuit by releasing the electrode from the holder.
Warning: Never remove your face shield from your face if the electrode is frozen. Free the
electrode with the shield in front of your eyes, as it will "flash" when it comes loose.
Tip: Brush your work free of dirt and scale before you strike an arc.
https://www.lincolnelectric.com/en-ca/support/welding-how-to/Pages/strike-establish-arc-detail.aspx
15. 11
What I Have Learned
Self-Check # 1.1
LO - 1: Strike an Arc
Directions:
Choose the correct answer from the series given for every item. Write the letter only. Use a
separate answer sheet.
1. What method in striking an arc is recommended for the beginners?
a. Tapping method
b. Scratching method
c. Any of these
d. None of the above
2. In the symbol E-6013; letter “E” stands for:
a. Electric
b. Energy
c. Electrode
d. None of the above
3. Eyes can be protected during welding operations by using:
a. Gloves
b. Leggings
c. Goggles
d. Apron
4. It is done by touching the electrode to the base metal like scratching a match.
a. Tapping Method
b. Scratching Method
c. All of these
d. None of there
5. It is done by moving the electrode downward until it steps to the base metal then
bringing the electrode up slightly to form an arc.
a. Taping Method
b. Scratching Method
c. All of these
d. None of these
16. 12
What’s New
Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Shielded metal arc welding is defined as arc welding with covered electrodes manually
controlled by the welder, without automatic or semi- automatic replacement of electrode. This
process uses a length of flux coated electrode which provided filler metal and atmospheric
shielding.
The electrode is held by the welder in an electrode holder with an insulated handle. The
holder grips the bare end of the electrode for good current transfer.
The welder strikes and draws an arc which melts the base metal forming a weld pool at
the same time. The tip of the electrode melts and metal droplets are projected into the weld
pool.
The chemicals and minerals in coating, melt and decompose to serve as an alloying
element and to form a protecting gas shield around the arc and weld pool. Furthermore, a slag
is formed to cover the deposited weld.
What Is It
SELECTING ELECTRODE
Objective: The learner will select the type of arc welding electrodes.
Selecting an electrode
• The choice of the right electrode depends on the following factors:
1. Kinds of Base Metal. Electrodes are classified according to the kind of the base metal
for which they are recommended into mild steel low hydrogen, low energy, cast iron,
stainless steel and various non-ferrous electrodes.
2. Types of Welding Equipment. Determine what current is available, as not all electrodes
can be used for both AC or DC current and others are more economical to use with one
type of current than the other. It may also be necessary to check the open circuit voltage
of the welding machine to be used for source electrodes (e.g. basic low hydrogen type) It
requires higher open circuit voltage than other for best performance.
Information Sheet 1.2
17. 13
3. Dimension and Design of Parts. Heavy materials of complicated design require
electrodes of high ductility thin plates require low penetration electrodes with stable arcs
at low current values.
4. Joint Preparation and Set up. Deep penetration electrodes are required when edge is
not levelled and fit-up is tight. Mild penetration, thin- coated electrodes are best when
gaps are open.
5. Welding Position. Some electrodes are preferable to others for off- position welding
6. Specification and Service Condition. Job specifications may indicate class of
electrodes to be used: Otherwise the service requirements (e.g. desired tensile strength,
ductility, corrosion or abrasion resistance, etc.) should be considered
7. Practicability of Heat Treatment. If shop facilities preclude the employment of pre-
heating or post-heating for critical job, the use of low heat input electrodes is the only
recourse.
8. Cost Limits. The choice of expensive electrodes whose qualities or properties exceed
those normally demanded by the job is economically unwise when less expensive
electrodes, just as suitable quality electrodes and win the risk of the weldment failing in
service or having the job redone at additional cost when dependable brands are in the
market
ELECTRODES
https://www.mechanicwiz.com/welding-rod-chart/
Common ways of classifying electrode (by the covering on the electrode).
1. Bare-Electrode
2. Dusted Electrode
3. Flux-Dipped Electrode
4. Extended Electrodes and Covering
Common electrode width sizes Common lengths of electrodes
3/32ӯ 1/8ӯ 5/32ӯ 14-inches
3/16ӯ 7/32ӯ 1/4 ӯ 18-inches
19. 15
ELECTRODE CODING
Electrode Classification End Color Spot Color Group Color
E-6010
6011 Blue
6012 White
6013 Brown
6020 Green
7010-Al Blue White
7011-Al Blue Yellow
7016 Blue Orange Green
7018 Black Orange Green
7020-Al Blue Yellow Silver
8015-B1 White Brown Green
8016-B1 White Black Green
9016-B3 Brown Blue Green
10013 Green Brown Silver
10015 Red Red Green
10016 Green Orange Green
12016 Orange Orange Green
Table #2 Electrode Coding
Fourth Digit Type of Coating Welding Current
1 Cellulose potassium AC, DCSP, DCRP
2 Titania sodium AC, DCSP
3 Titania potassium AC, DCSP, DCRP
4 Iron powder titania AC, DCSP, DCRP
5 Low hydrogen sodium DCRP
6 Low hydrogen potassium AC, DCRP
7 Iron powder oxide AC, DC
8 Iron powder, low hydrogen AC, DCRP, DCSP
0 Low hydrogen, iron powder DC reverse polarity
Table #3 Classification Number of Electrode
20. 16
ELECTRODE CLASSIFICATION
Electrode
Classification
Number
Type of coating or
covering
Capable of producing
satisfactory weld in
position
Type of Current
E-45 series-minimum tensile strength of deposited metal in non-stress relived condition
45,000 Psi
E-4510 Sulcoated F.V.OH.H not specified generally
E-4520 Light coated H. fillet F
DCSP-electrode
negative
E-60 series- minimum- tensile strength of deposited metal in non-stress relieved condition
60,000 Psi
E-6010 Hi. Cellulose sodium F.V.OH.H use DC reverve polarity
E-6011 Hi. Cellulose potassium F.V.OH.H use AC. DCRP
E-6012 Titania Sodium F.V.OH.H use AC or DCSP
E-6013 Titania Potassium F.V.OH.H use AC or DCSP
E-6015 Lo-hydro sodium F.V.OH.H use DCRP only
E-6030 Hi-iron oxide H. fillet F. use AC. DC both polarity
E-70 series-minimum strength of deposited metal in stress relieved condition 70,000 Psi
E-7010 Hi. Cellulose sodium F.V.OH.H use DCRP
E-7011 Hi.Cellulose potassium F.V.OH.H use AC. DCSP
E-7020 i-iron oxide H. fillet F. use AC. DCSP
E-7030 Hi-iron oxide F use AC. DC both polarity
Table #4 Electrode Classification
Note: Sod. – Sodium, Pot- potassium, Ox. - oxide
21. 17
Welding Flux
1. Relationships of arc, base metal, electrode and flux:
a. Arc stream is created by holding an electrode approximately 1/8" (3 mm) away from
the base metal.
b. The arc stream creates a molten pool or crater that tends to flow away from the arc
and cools of solidify as it moves
c. Flux from the electrode covering forms a slag on the top of the weld to protect it
from contaminants during cooling.
2. How flux covered electrode works:
a. flux covered electrode have a core of metal wire with a baked on chemical covering
b. the wire core melts in the arcs stream and droplets of metal are transferred across
the arc to make the molten puddle and provide the filler metal to fill the gap or
groove between two base metal
c. the flux covering also melts in the arc stream to stabilize the arc to provide a shield
around the arc, to keep it free from atmospheric impurities and to form slag
covering to protect the weld
Welding Lens
Steps in selecting a safe lens shade for shielded metal arc welding:
1. Determine the electrodes size and amperage range because this are used to dictate
the lens protection required.
2. Select lens shade according to the lens manufacturer’s selection chart, but never
select less than a # 8 length shade for shielded metal arc welding.
Note: When you remove your hood after arc welding and you see white spots or white blotches
as after image it means that you are getting much light through the lens and you should switch
to a shade at least at least one number darker, or check the seal on your lens.
A rule of thumb is that the larger the diameter of the electrodes, the higher the number
required for a lens shade.
Electrode Size Amperage Shade #
- 30 to 75 8
1/16 – 5/32 75 – 200 10
3/16 – 1/4 200 – 400 12
5/16 – 3/8 400 + 14
23. 19
What I Have Learned
Self-Check # 1.2
Directions:
Choose the correct answer from the series given for every item. Write the letter only. Use a
separate answer sheet.
1. The coating of electrode is sometimes called:
a. Flux
b. Shield
c. Covering
d. All of these
2. The electrode which has no coating is called:
a. Shielded
b. Bare
c. Dusted
d. Dipped
3. The symbol E-6013;60 means
a. Welding Position
b. Tensile Strength
c. Power Supply
d. Flux Coating
4. The third digit in the symbol E-6013; 1 stands for
a. Welding Position
b. Tensile Strength
c. Power Supply
d. Flux Coating
5. The diameter of the electrode to be used in welding operation depends upon the:
a. Thickness of the Base Metal
b. Welding Position
c. Type of Base Metal
d. None of these
24. 20
What I Can Do
Title: Striking an Arc.
Performance Objective: The learner will perform the striking of an arc using Tapping and
Scratching.
Conditions or situations for the operations:
1. The distance of an arc must be equal to the diameter of electrode regardless of the
method you used in striking an arc.
2. The materials and equipment must be properly checked.
Supplies/Materials:
1. Video or PowerPoint presentation for: Striking an Arc
2. Electrode E6013, 3.2mm. Diameter
3. Safety gears (Gloves, Safety Helmet, Apron)
4. 10mm x 50mm x 100mm steel plate
5. Chipping hammer
6. Steel brush
Equipment: AC Welding Machine with Accessories
Precautions:
1. Always check the welding machines and its accessories before and after using them
2. See to it that there are no combustible materials near the welding area.
3. Always wear protective gears.
4. Observe safety measures while working.
Quality Criteria:
1. The height of the arc is maintained not more than diameter of electrode. The proper
distance of an arc must be maintained for at least 5-10 seconds
Assessment Method: DEMONSTRATION
Operation Sheet 1.1
25. 21
WELDING PROCEDURE:
1. Prepare the tools, equipment and materials
needed.
2. Set up the welding machine and set the
current to 100 amps.
3. Wear protective clothing and equipment.
4. Clamp the bare end of the electrode in the
holder.
5. Position your body in such a way that your
head will be cleared of the column of fumes
arising from the arc (Fig. 28).
6. Strike the arc by either of the two methods.
1. SCRATCHING
1.1 Point the electrode downwards at an angle
of approximately 75O
and the striking end
about 30 mm above the start position on
the plate surface.
1.2 Strike the end of the electrode on the plate
surface similar to striking a match.
1.3 When a spark appears, withdraw the
electrode quickly and draw an arc of
approximately 6 mm.
1.4 Move the electrode to the start position
and then reduce the arc length to a
distance equal to the diameter of the
electrode.
26. 22
2. TAPPING
2.1 Point the electrode downwards at an angle
of approximately 75O
and the striking end to
about 15 mm above the start position on the
plate surface.
2.2 Lower the electrode on the plate surface.
2.3 When a spark appears, withdraw the
electrode quickly to an arc length equal to
its diameter.
NOTE: If the electrode welds to the plate, quickly
snap the electrode to one side.
If the electrode does not release, switch off the
welding machine and detached the electrode with a
cold chisel.
27. 23
What I Have Learned
SELF-CHECK # 1.1 (OPERATION SHEET)
Directions:
Use the check-list below as basis for judging whether you meet the required competency.
Write YES or NO for your answer in a separate answer sheet.
In performing striking an arc you should be able to hold the arc for 10 seconds. The arc
length should not be bigger than 4mm at angle of approximately 75O
.
1. Perform the tapping method.
2. Perform the scratching method.
The learners are able to do the following…
CRITERIA YES NO
1.Can be able to strike electrode at correct angle and arc length.
2. Able to strike the end of the electrode on the plate surface similar to
striking a match.
3.
3.Able to withdraw the electrode quickly and draw an arc of approximately
6 mm.
4.Able to reduce the arc length to a distance equal to the diameter of the
electrode.
What’s More
For Further Study
Have learners assess their performance. For criteria needing assistance, provide the
appropriate intervention/s.
28. 24
What’s New
Bead Formations:
Objectives:
1. Identify the types of weld beads
2. Identify the different types of weaving motion beads.
3.Determine the appropriate electrodes to be used applicable for the specific bead
and weld positions.
Type of beads
a. Stringer Bead- a straight forward bead in which you either drag or push the
electrode across the joint with minimal side to side movement.
b. Weave motion Beads - is a method for electrode manipulation in joining metal
to achieve good weldment.
Fig.# 1.
Information Sheet 2.1
29. 25
Fig. # 2
Some of the weave bead motion technique used in stick welding.
Crescent
Figure of 8
Circular
1. Circular Motion- often used in flat position weld on butt,tee,and outside corner joints for
build-up surfacing operation.
2. Crescent Weave Motion- A half round bead formation in which formed a side to side semi
circular electrode movement.
3. Figure of eight motion weave –An electrode manipulation pattern where a continuous figure
of number eight is formed.
4. V- Pattern motion weave – a weave pattern commonly used in Hot pass and cap pass by
forming V-motion.
5. Stringer Bead- - a straight forward bead in which you either drag or push the
electrode across the joint with minimal side to side movement.
6. Square Pattern motion Bead – good for flat welds but they can also be used for
vertical position. They can also be used if there is a large gap to be filled.
7. J- pattern weave motion- works well on flat and horizontal positions.
8. T- pattern weave motion – works with fillet weld in vertical and over head position.
.It can also be used for deep grove welds for the hot pass.
9. Zigzag pattern motion weave–used as cover passes in flat and vertical positions.
30. 26
What I Have Learned
Self-check 2.1
MATCHING TYPE:
Match column A. with column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank
provided before the number. Use separate answer sheet.
A B
_____1. Crescent motion
_____2. Square Pattern motion
_____3. J- Pattern motion
_____4. Circular motion
_____5. Figure of 8 motion
_____6. V- Pattern motion
_____7. T- pattern motion
_____8. Zigzag motion
_____9. Stringer bead
a. A straight forward bead with minimal side
to side motion
b. Works well on flat and horizontal positions
c. Used as a cover passes in flat and vertical
positions.
d. A half round bead in a semi circular
movement.
e. A continuous movement using number
eight pattern
f. Commonly used in hot pass formed by V-
motion
g. Works with fillet weld in vertical position
with letter T- formation.
h. Often used in flat position weld on butt ,Tee
and outside corner joints for build –up.
i. Good for most flat weld but it can also be
used for vertical position weld.
31. 27
What I Need to Know
Assessment Criteria:
1. Uniformity of bead ripples is checked in accordance with welding standard.
2. Stringer or Straight beads are deposited in accordance with welding standards.
3. Finish weldment is performed based on acceptable standards for:
• Spatter
• Slag
• Uniformity of beads
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
Learning Outcome 2: Deposit Straight Bead
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read the attached information sheets 2.1,
activity sheets 2.2, Deposit Straight Bead
2. Answer the self-check 2.1, Deposit straight
bead to test your knowledge.
3. Compare your answer on the answer keys.
4. If you missed some of the items go over this
information on sheets.
5. NOTE: At the end of this L.O. answer the
post test.
6. If you pass, then proceed to the next LO.
Answer the self-check without looking at
the information sheet
LO - 2 Deposit Straight Bead
32. 28
What’s New
Deposit straight beads
Objective:
1. Prepare the metal to be welded
2. Determine the requirements in base metal preparation
3. Deposit a straight bead.
What is it
Requirements in base metal:
1. The base metal must be clear
2. The base metal must be free from oil, grease & paints
3. The plate must have been checked for its type.
Information Sheet 2.2
33. 29
What I can do
Title: Stringer Bed in Flat Position
Performance Objective: To weld stringer bead flat position. The bead should be straight,
of even height and width and with fine ripples.
Supplies/Materials:
1. Video or PowerPoint presentation for: Striking an Arc
2. Electrode E6013, 3.2mm. Diameter
3. Safety gears (Gloves, Safety Helmet, Apron)
4. Mild steel plate, 6mm x 75mm x 150mm (1 pc)
5. Chipping hammer
6. Steel brush
Equipment: AC Welding Machine with Accessories
Precautions:
1. Always check the welding machines and its accessories before and after using them
2. See to it that there are no combustible materials near the welding area.
3. Always wear protective gears.
4. Observe safety measures while working.
Plan/ Illustration:
Assessment Method: DEMONSTRATION
Operation Sheet 2.2
34. 30
PROCEDURE:
1. Prepare the tools, equipment and materials needed.
2. Set up the welding machine. Check the electrical connections before switching
on the machine. Set current between 90-140 amperes.
3. Wear suitable protective clothing.
4. Lay the plate flat in a welding table where you are comfortable as possible when
welding commences.
5. Strike an arc on the first line of the plate. If you are right-handed, the weld should
start from the left to right, but if you are left-handed, start from right to left.
6. When the arc is established, position the electrode at 75o
travel angle and 90o
work
angle.
7. Move the electrode with constant rate of travel controlling and maintaining the width
of bead at about 2 ½ times of the diameter of the electrode.
8. Continue welding until you reach the end of the line. Quickly withdraw the
electrode if you want to stop or reach the end of the line.
75o
stevenling-ilpks.blogspot.com%2Fp%2Fset-up-smaw-equipment.html
35. 31
9. Clean the weld using a chipping hammer and steel brush. Use clear goggles when
chipping. The direction of chipping should be away from you.
10. Inspect the weld run. The weld should be straight, of even thickness and width
with fine ripples. The thickness of the bead should be about one and one-half of
the electrode diameter.
11. Finish all the laid-out lines. Avoid the same mistakes you did on your first try.
36. 32
What I Have Learned
Self-Check 2.1
The marking system below will guide you in assessing the quality of your weld. Follow the
marking schedule in rating your weld and record the marks on the table provided for the
purpose. Subtract the total marks from 20 points, which is the highest rating to determine your
final points.
THE PASSING MARK IS 10 POINTS
MARKING TABLE
CRITERIA MARKS SUBTRACTED
1. Straightness
2. Width of bead
3. Height of bead
4. Ripple
TOTAL MARKS SUBTRACTED
FINAL POINTS = 20 minus Total Marks Subtracted
20 - Deductions
FINAL POINTS =
MARKING SCHEDULE:
1. Straightness
Subtract 1 mark for each degree of deflection from the line of weld.
2. Width of Bead
Subtract 2 marks for each 10mm length of bead which is 1mm less than or more than
the bead width of 8mm.
3. Height of Bead
Subtract 2 marks for 10mm length of bead which exceeds the bead height of 3mm.
4. Ripple
Subtract 3 points for uneven and coarse ripple.
37. 33
What Is It
Common Causes and Cure for Weld Defects:
CAUSE REMEDY
1. Arc Blow- is caused when magnetic forces
present in DC build up lines of magnetism
around the arc and cause the arc to blow wildly
forward or to outside, and spatter badly.
It can also be caused by high amperage and the
major problem areas are thick plates, corners,
deep groove and the start and finish of
joints.
• Reduce current or suitable polarity.
• Change current to AC.
2. Pinholes and porosity
Both pinholes and porosity can be caused when
length is too long and travel is too fast.
Other causes for pinholes and porosity are faulty
electrodes incorrect polarity, surface conditions
of the base metal or high Sulphur and other
impurities.
• Use shorter arc length and keeping
the puddle molter for a longer period
so that the gasses may boil out
before the metal freezes.
• Use dry electrode and clean the
surface of the base metal.
3. Undercutting
It is usually caused by too high current of too
long arc length.
It is also caused by improper electrode angle
manipulation or too
fast welding speed.
• Reduce the current and shorten the
arc length.
• Use a smaller diameter electrode
• Change the electrode angle
4. Spatter
➢ Too high current
➢ To long arc length
• Reduce current
• Shorten arc length
5. Incomplete penetration
➢ Faulty joint design
➢ Insufficient welding current
➢ Large electrode used
➢ Too fast welding speed
• Check the joint carefully,
inducting the root opening, root face
dimension and the groove force
angle.
• Increase the weld current
• Reduce the welding speed
• Use a smaller diameter electrode
Information Sheet 2.3
38. 34
Assessment: (Post-Test)
LO-1 Striking an Arc
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer in every item. Provide a separate
answer sheet.
2. What is the basis for identifying the recommended arc length to be maintained when
striking an arc?
c. diameter of filler metal c. type of electrode
d. diameter of the flux d. thickness of the base metal
3. This type of welding rod is used mostly in root penetration.
b. E6013 b. E6011 c. E7018 d. E7020
4. What is the recommended travel angle and work angle in striking an arc in flat
position?
c. 65° - 75°, 90° c. 70°, 90°
d. 75° - 85°, 95° d. 60°, 85°
5. What is the recommended welding position in the electrode E6011?
c. flat position only c. vertical and overhead position
d. horizontal position only d. all of the above
6. What is the recommended angle in striking an arc in horizontal position?
c. 65° - 75°, 90° c. 70°, 90°
d. 75° - 85°, 95° d. 60°, 85°
7. Below are examples of weaving motion except:
c. crescent motion. c. square motion
d. figure 8 motion d. linear motion
8. What is the prescribe safe lens shade if the electrode size is 1/16 – 5/32 and
amperage is 75-200 amperes?
b. # 8 b. # 10 c. # 12 d. # 14
16. What is the prescribe safe lens shade if the electrode size is 5/16 – 3/8 and
amperage is 400+ amperes?
b. # 8 b. # 10 c. # 12 d. # 14
17. Below is an example of a rutile electrode:
b. E6013 b. E6011 c. E6010 d. E7011
18. Below is an example of a cellulosic electrode:
c. E6013 c. E7018
d. E6011 d. E6012
39. 35
19. The growing together or growth into one body of materials being welded is called.
c. coalescence c. fusion welding
d. spatter d. bead
20. A joining process produces a coalescence of materials by heating to a melting point,
with or without the use of filler metal is called.
c. oxyacetylene gas cutting c. grinding
d. sawing d. welding
21. A non-metallic solid material entrapped or formed on top of weld metal or between
the weld metal and base metal is called.
b. Slag b. flux c. bead d. spatter
22. The function of flux in an electrode is:
e. stabilize the arc
f. forms a gaseous atmosphere which protect the weld pool
g. to provide a means of welding alloy to the weld metal
h. all of the above
23. The key to maintain a stable arc in welding is:
e. correct electrode size and electrode angle
f. correct current
g. correct arc length and travel speed
h. all of the above
LO-2: Deposit Stringer Bead
16 – 20 Enumerate at least 5 weaving motion in welding.
21 – 30 Labeling: Identify the parts of a welding process
41. 37
References:
"How to Strike and Establish an Arc | Lincoln Electric Canada." Lincolnelectric. Accessed
January 28, 2020. https://www.lincolnelectric.com/en-ca/support/welding-how-
to/Pages/strike-establish-arc-detail.aspx.
Jacob. "SMAW (Stick Welding)." SlideServe. Last modified January 23, 2012.
https://www.slideserve.com/jacob/smaw-stick-welding.
JEFFUS, LARRY, and HAROLD JOHNSON. Welding Principles and Application. n.d.
KENNEDY, GOWER A. Welding Technology 2nd Ed.. n.d.
Kennedy, Gower A. Welding Technology, 1982 ed. Bobbs Merrill, n.d.
RHONE, L. C. Total Auto Body Repair, 3rd Ed.. n.d.
Welding Inspection Technology. Education Department, American Welding Society, n.d.