This document provides an overview of electron configuration and electronic structure of atoms. It discusses the key concepts of electron configuration including atomic orbitals, orbital diagrams, quantum numbers, and electron spin. Electron configuration summarizes the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals according to specific rules like the Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule. Orbital diagrams use arrows to represent electrons in orbitals and can show the electron configuration of an element. The document also provides examples of writing electronic configurations and drawing orbital diagrams.
This document discusses biological molecules, including their classification, structure, and functions. It covers the main types of biological molecules:
1) Inorganic molecules like water, acids, bases, electrolytes, and carbon dioxide which are essential for life processes. Water acts as a solvent and is crucial for chemical reactions in the body.
2) Organic macromolecules including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids which are polymers formed from smaller organic subunits. Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are synthesized through dehydration reactions between monomers.
3) The four main classes of biological macromolecules each have distinct monomeric subunits and play critical structural or functional
This document provides an overview of a General Biology 2 course. It includes 3 modules that cover genetics, evolution and origin of biodiversity, and systematics based on evolutionary relationships. The genetics module provides an introduction to DNA replication and Gregor Mendel's discoveries in genetics. It defines key terms in Mendelian genetics like alleles, carriers, cross-pollination, dominant alleles, and genotypes. The module also lists contrasting characters that Mendel studied in garden peas.
The document discusses photosynthesis and cellular respiration. It provides information on:
- The chemical equation for photosynthesis, which converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
- Cellular respiration, which breaks down glucose in mitochondria to release energy in cells.
- Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated processes - photosynthesis produces glucose that is used for energy in cellular respiration, and cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide and water used in photosynthesis.
This subject is designed to enhance the understanding of the principles and concepts in the study of biology, particularly heredity and variation, and the diversity of living organisms, their structure, function, and evolution
The document summarizes key concepts about the plasma membrane and cell transport mechanisms. It defines the plasma membrane as a selectively permeable barrier that follows the fluid mosaic model. It then describes the main components of the plasma membrane - phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates. The document outlines different transport mechanisms including passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis, as well as active transport mechanisms like primary active transport and secondary active transport. It provides examples of transport proteins and discusses endocytosis and exocytosis.
The document discusses the formation and evolution of stars, noting that stars form from the gravitational collapse of clouds of dust and gas in space. It explains that stars initially fuse hydrogen into helium through nuclear fusion, then heavier elements are formed through fusion as the star ages and grows hotter. The document also outlines the different stages of a star's life from main sequence to red giant to supernova.
The document is a module on thermochemistry from the Department of Education of the Philippines. It discusses key concepts in thermochemistry including the first law of thermodynamics which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It also explains enthalpy as the heat transferred at constant pressure, and how the enthalpy change of a reaction (ΔH) can indicate whether a reaction is endothermic or exothermic. The module provides examples to illustrate these thermochemistry concepts.
General Biology 1 - Lesson 1: Cell (structure,function, and theory)marvinnbustamante1
This document provides an overview of a General Biology 1 subject that covers cell biology. It discusses the cell theory, structures and functions of the cell and its organelles including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, endomembranes, mitochondria, chloroplasts and more. The key topics are life at the cellular level, cellular transport mechanisms, biological molecules, and cellular energy transformation through processes like photosynthesis and respiration. The document includes lesson objectives, content, performance tasks and rubrics for assessing student understanding of cellular biology concepts.
This document discusses biological molecules, including their classification, structure, and functions. It covers the main types of biological molecules:
1) Inorganic molecules like water, acids, bases, electrolytes, and carbon dioxide which are essential for life processes. Water acts as a solvent and is crucial for chemical reactions in the body.
2) Organic macromolecules including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids which are polymers formed from smaller organic subunits. Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are synthesized through dehydration reactions between monomers.
3) The four main classes of biological macromolecules each have distinct monomeric subunits and play critical structural or functional
This document provides an overview of a General Biology 2 course. It includes 3 modules that cover genetics, evolution and origin of biodiversity, and systematics based on evolutionary relationships. The genetics module provides an introduction to DNA replication and Gregor Mendel's discoveries in genetics. It defines key terms in Mendelian genetics like alleles, carriers, cross-pollination, dominant alleles, and genotypes. The module also lists contrasting characters that Mendel studied in garden peas.
The document discusses photosynthesis and cellular respiration. It provides information on:
- The chemical equation for photosynthesis, which converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
- Cellular respiration, which breaks down glucose in mitochondria to release energy in cells.
- Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated processes - photosynthesis produces glucose that is used for energy in cellular respiration, and cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide and water used in photosynthesis.
This subject is designed to enhance the understanding of the principles and concepts in the study of biology, particularly heredity and variation, and the diversity of living organisms, their structure, function, and evolution
The document summarizes key concepts about the plasma membrane and cell transport mechanisms. It defines the plasma membrane as a selectively permeable barrier that follows the fluid mosaic model. It then describes the main components of the plasma membrane - phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates. The document outlines different transport mechanisms including passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis, as well as active transport mechanisms like primary active transport and secondary active transport. It provides examples of transport proteins and discusses endocytosis and exocytosis.
The document discusses the formation and evolution of stars, noting that stars form from the gravitational collapse of clouds of dust and gas in space. It explains that stars initially fuse hydrogen into helium through nuclear fusion, then heavier elements are formed through fusion as the star ages and grows hotter. The document also outlines the different stages of a star's life from main sequence to red giant to supernova.
The document is a module on thermochemistry from the Department of Education of the Philippines. It discusses key concepts in thermochemistry including the first law of thermodynamics which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It also explains enthalpy as the heat transferred at constant pressure, and how the enthalpy change of a reaction (ΔH) can indicate whether a reaction is endothermic or exothermic. The module provides examples to illustrate these thermochemistry concepts.
General Biology 1 - Lesson 1: Cell (structure,function, and theory)marvinnbustamante1
This document provides an overview of a General Biology 1 subject that covers cell biology. It discusses the cell theory, structures and functions of the cell and its organelles including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, endomembranes, mitochondria, chloroplasts and more. The key topics are life at the cellular level, cellular transport mechanisms, biological molecules, and cellular energy transformation through processes like photosynthesis and respiration. The document includes lesson objectives, content, performance tasks and rubrics for assessing student understanding of cellular biology concepts.
The document discusses the major organ systems in animals. It explains that cells work together to form tissues, tissues form organs, organs work in organ systems, and organ systems work together to support life. The seven major organ systems are skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and reproductive. Each system is described in one to three sentences.
1. The cell theory states that the cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are made of cells, and cells come from pre-existing cells.
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the first microscope and was the first to observe bacteria and protists. Matthais Schleiden and Theodor Schwann contributed to the cell theory by stating that plants and animals are made of cells, respectively.
3. Rudolph Virchow completed the cell theory by discovering that cells can only arise from pre-existing cells.
This document provides an overview and instructions for using a Teaching Guide for Senior High School Physics. It was developed collaboratively by educators to provide teachers with lesson plans, activities, and assessments to help students develop key competencies. The guide is organized into sections that provide introductions, engage students through hands-on activities, deliver instruction through demonstrations and examples, provide practice problems for students to work through, additional enrichment materials, and evaluations. It is designed to be highly usable for teachers and aligns with DepEd's SHS curriculum and competencies.
General Chemistry 2 - Chapter 1: The Kinetic Molecular Model and Intermolecul...marvinnbustamante1
The document discusses the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based on the kinetic molecular theory. It explains that in solids, particles are closely packed together in an ordered structure, while in liquids they are more spaced out but still in contact with each other. Liquids have stronger intermolecular forces than gases but weaker than solids. The document also discusses different types of intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, and dispersion forces, and how these forces influence properties like boiling point, surface tension, and viscosity.
Astronomical event before the advent of telescopeoryzasativa0720
- Ancient Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations systematically observed and recorded the motions of the sun, moon, and planets without telescopes. They noted the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, and its rising and setting points varied over the course of a year.
- They observed the moon's changing appearance over 29.5 days in its phases from a thin crescent to a full circular disk. Lunar eclipses where the Earth casts its shadow on the moon were also noticed.
- Constellations were patterns of visible stars that helped with navigation, timekeeping of calendars, and recognizing stars. Five planets - Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn - could be seen without telescopes
Lesson 3 Atomos, Aristotle and Alchemy (Chemistry Before Modern History)Simple ABbieC
Lesson 3 Atomos, Aristotle and Alchemy (Chemistry Before Modern History)
CONTENT:
How the idea of the atom, along with the idea of the elements evolved
CONTENT STANDARD
At the end of the lesson, you will have to describe:
1. how the concept of the atom evolved from Ancient Greek to the present; and
2. how the concept of the element evolved from Ancient Greek to the present
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
At the end of the lesson, you will have to:
1. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the atom (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-5)
2. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the elements (2 hours) (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-6)
3. describe the contributions of the alchemists to the science of chemistry (S11/12PS-IIIb-7)
This document provides an introduction and teaching guide for a General Chemistry 1 course for senior high school students. It includes 30 lessons covering topics like matter and its properties, measurements, atomic structure, chemical formulas and naming compounds, chemical reactions, and carbon compounds. The guide is intended to help teachers design lesson plans, activities, and assessments that develop students' understanding of essential chemistry concepts while also cultivating skills like critical thinking, problem solving, and social responsibility. It emphasizes applying concepts to real-world examples and engaging students through hands-on laboratory work. Feedback from educators was incorporated to ensure the material is effective and aligned with national curriculum standards.
Q1C1L1 Animal and Plant Organ Systems and their Functions (2).pptxMAHAZELTEOLOGO3
The document discusses the levels of organization in plants and animals from atoms to ecosystems. It explains that cells are the basic unit of organization and that specialized cells work together to form tissues. Tissues combine to form organs, organs combine to form organ systems, and organ systems work together in organisms. The document provides examples of organ systems in plants like the shoot and root systems and in animals like the nervous, muscular, and digestive systems. It explains that all cells, tissues, organs and organ systems work together for an organism to carry out life functions.
Session no. 3.1. energy transformation atp – adp cycle and photosynthesisanonymous143
This document provides an overview of energy transformation through ATP-ADP cycles and photosynthesis. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which include explaining coupled reaction processes and ATP's role in energy transfer, describing the major events of photosynthesis, and explaining the importance of chlorophyll. The document then discusses ATP-ADP cycles, how ATP is used to transfer energy in cells, and the different energy yields of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. It also provides details on photosynthesis, including the requirements, processes, Calvin cycle, and importance.
Earth and Life Sciences, MELCs (S11_12LT-IIa-1 and IIa-3)TristanBabaylan1
This learning area provides a general background on Earth science and biology. It discusses the history of Earth through geologic time, the structure and composition of Earth, and natural hazards. It also covers basic biological principles and processes at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
This ppt contains:
Formation of the Universe
Formation of the Solar System
Earth and its subsystems
The flow of matter and energy across each subsystem
The rock cycle and major classification of rocks
Minerals and their properties
Exogenic Processes
This document discusses ecological relationships between organisms in a forest reserve. It defines key terms like symbiosis, trophic levels, and food chains. The goal is to have students name plant and animal species in the forest, and identify an ecological relationship between two species that promotes a healthy environment. Students will learn about different types of symbiotic relationships like mutualism and how energy is transferred between trophic levels in a food chain.
This document provides an introduction and table of contents for a teaching guide on General Biology 2. It was collaboratively developed by educators from schools, colleges, and universities. The teaching guide is intended to help teachers facilitate student understanding of course content and competencies. It was created using a framework called "SHS for SHS" which focuses on developing meaning, mastery, and ownership of learning among students. The introduction provides background on the development of the guide and explains the framework. The table of contents then outlines the chapters and lessons covered in the guide.
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 6 BIOENERGETICS JJennn JJJen
The document discusses how different organisms obtain and utilize energy. It explains that organisms get energy primarily from food which contains organic molecules that store chemical energy. Autotrophs can produce their own food through photosynthesis using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy-rich molecules like glucose and ATP. Heterotrophs obtain energy by consuming autotrophs or other organisms. The energy from food is captured and transported within cells by ATP and is released through cellular respiration. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key processes in how organisms harness and release energy.
Here are the definitions:
1. Electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or ion in atomic orbitals of the electron shells.
2. The aufbau principle states that electrons fill atomic orbitals of an atom in order of increasing energy level. Orbitals within a given energy level are filled first before the next energy level is begun.
3. Hund's rule states that when electrons are added to orbitals of the same energy in an atom or ion, they will occupy different orbitals singly, with their spins parallel, before any orbital is occupied by a second electron.
General Biology 1- Lesson 3: Structure and Functions of Animal Tissues and Ce...marvinnbustamante1
The document discusses the four main types of animal tissues - epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. It describes the function and types of each tissue. The document also discusses some ways cells can modify themselves to carry out specialized functions, including through flagella, cilia, microvilli, and pseudopodia. These cell modifications allow cells to move, detect chemicals and smells, absorb nutrients, and change shape for motility and ingestion. Overall, the document provides an overview of the classification and functions of major animal tissues and some examples of how cells can modify themselves for specialized roles.
This document provides information about plant pigments and their importance. It begins with an activity identifying the colors of different plant leaves. It then discusses that:
1. Pigments absorb different wavelengths of light and determine an object's color. Chlorophyll is the main pigment in leaves and absorbs most wavelengths except green, which it reflects, making leaves appear green.
2. In addition to chlorophyll, plants have accessory pigments that absorb wavelengths chlorophyll cannot, allowing plants to utilize more sunlight. These include chlorophyll b, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and xanthophylls.
3. Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis as it absorbs light energy to convert carbon dioxide
This document provides information about stars and their formation. It begins by discussing how the universe originated from the Big Bang approximately 13 billion years ago. It then explains that early in the universe's formation, light elements like hydrogen and helium were formed through nuclear fusion. The document goes on to state that stars are formed from clouds of dust and gas in nebulae, and that nuclear fusion in the cores of stars is responsible for forming heavier elements.
Activities that Affect the Quality and Availability of Water for Human Use_10...cjoypingaron
This document discusses issues relating to water quality and availability for human use. It begins by stating that water resources face threats from human activities, which impact water quality. Several human activities are mentioned like agriculture, urbanization, and waste disposal. The document then covers various physical and chemical attributes that determine water quality, such as temperature, odor, turbidity, and chemical characteristics. Issues like water scarcity caused by overuse are also discussed. The importance of conservation and protecting water resources is emphasized. Students are prompted to consider how they can personally promote water conservation and protection.
Here are the key points about polarity of molecules:
1. Polarity arises due to differences in electronegativity between bonded atoms. The greater the difference, the more polar the bond.
2. Bonds between atoms with an electronegativity difference of 0.5-1.6 are considered polar covalent bonds.
3. Whether a molecule with polar bonds is itself polar depends on the molecular geometry. If the polar bonds are arranged asymmetrically, it results in a polar molecule with a partial positive and negative region.
4. Common polar molecules include H2O, HCl, NH3. Nonpolar molecules like CO2, CH4 have symmetrical arrangements of polar bonds that cancel out
The document provides information about a self-learning module on rational functions for 11th grade general mathematics students. It introduces rational functions and explains that they can be represented by equations of the form f(x)=p(x)/q(x) where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions. The module aims to help students understand rational functions, solve rational equations and inequalities, represent rational functions graphically and numerically, and determine the domain and range of rational functions.
The document discusses the major organ systems in animals. It explains that cells work together to form tissues, tissues form organs, organs work in organ systems, and organ systems work together to support life. The seven major organ systems are skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and reproductive. Each system is described in one to three sentences.
1. The cell theory states that the cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are made of cells, and cells come from pre-existing cells.
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the first microscope and was the first to observe bacteria and protists. Matthais Schleiden and Theodor Schwann contributed to the cell theory by stating that plants and animals are made of cells, respectively.
3. Rudolph Virchow completed the cell theory by discovering that cells can only arise from pre-existing cells.
This document provides an overview and instructions for using a Teaching Guide for Senior High School Physics. It was developed collaboratively by educators to provide teachers with lesson plans, activities, and assessments to help students develop key competencies. The guide is organized into sections that provide introductions, engage students through hands-on activities, deliver instruction through demonstrations and examples, provide practice problems for students to work through, additional enrichment materials, and evaluations. It is designed to be highly usable for teachers and aligns with DepEd's SHS curriculum and competencies.
General Chemistry 2 - Chapter 1: The Kinetic Molecular Model and Intermolecul...marvinnbustamante1
The document discusses the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based on the kinetic molecular theory. It explains that in solids, particles are closely packed together in an ordered structure, while in liquids they are more spaced out but still in contact with each other. Liquids have stronger intermolecular forces than gases but weaker than solids. The document also discusses different types of intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, and dispersion forces, and how these forces influence properties like boiling point, surface tension, and viscosity.
Astronomical event before the advent of telescopeoryzasativa0720
- Ancient Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations systematically observed and recorded the motions of the sun, moon, and planets without telescopes. They noted the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, and its rising and setting points varied over the course of a year.
- They observed the moon's changing appearance over 29.5 days in its phases from a thin crescent to a full circular disk. Lunar eclipses where the Earth casts its shadow on the moon were also noticed.
- Constellations were patterns of visible stars that helped with navigation, timekeeping of calendars, and recognizing stars. Five planets - Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn - could be seen without telescopes
Lesson 3 Atomos, Aristotle and Alchemy (Chemistry Before Modern History)Simple ABbieC
Lesson 3 Atomos, Aristotle and Alchemy (Chemistry Before Modern History)
CONTENT:
How the idea of the atom, along with the idea of the elements evolved
CONTENT STANDARD
At the end of the lesson, you will have to describe:
1. how the concept of the atom evolved from Ancient Greek to the present; and
2. how the concept of the element evolved from Ancient Greek to the present
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
At the end of the lesson, you will have to:
1. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the atom (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-5)
2. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the elements (2 hours) (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-6)
3. describe the contributions of the alchemists to the science of chemistry (S11/12PS-IIIb-7)
This document provides an introduction and teaching guide for a General Chemistry 1 course for senior high school students. It includes 30 lessons covering topics like matter and its properties, measurements, atomic structure, chemical formulas and naming compounds, chemical reactions, and carbon compounds. The guide is intended to help teachers design lesson plans, activities, and assessments that develop students' understanding of essential chemistry concepts while also cultivating skills like critical thinking, problem solving, and social responsibility. It emphasizes applying concepts to real-world examples and engaging students through hands-on laboratory work. Feedback from educators was incorporated to ensure the material is effective and aligned with national curriculum standards.
Q1C1L1 Animal and Plant Organ Systems and their Functions (2).pptxMAHAZELTEOLOGO3
The document discusses the levels of organization in plants and animals from atoms to ecosystems. It explains that cells are the basic unit of organization and that specialized cells work together to form tissues. Tissues combine to form organs, organs combine to form organ systems, and organ systems work together in organisms. The document provides examples of organ systems in plants like the shoot and root systems and in animals like the nervous, muscular, and digestive systems. It explains that all cells, tissues, organs and organ systems work together for an organism to carry out life functions.
Session no. 3.1. energy transformation atp – adp cycle and photosynthesisanonymous143
This document provides an overview of energy transformation through ATP-ADP cycles and photosynthesis. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which include explaining coupled reaction processes and ATP's role in energy transfer, describing the major events of photosynthesis, and explaining the importance of chlorophyll. The document then discusses ATP-ADP cycles, how ATP is used to transfer energy in cells, and the different energy yields of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. It also provides details on photosynthesis, including the requirements, processes, Calvin cycle, and importance.
Earth and Life Sciences, MELCs (S11_12LT-IIa-1 and IIa-3)TristanBabaylan1
This learning area provides a general background on Earth science and biology. It discusses the history of Earth through geologic time, the structure and composition of Earth, and natural hazards. It also covers basic biological principles and processes at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels.
This ppt contains:
Formation of the Universe
Formation of the Solar System
Earth and its subsystems
The flow of matter and energy across each subsystem
The rock cycle and major classification of rocks
Minerals and their properties
Exogenic Processes
This document discusses ecological relationships between organisms in a forest reserve. It defines key terms like symbiosis, trophic levels, and food chains. The goal is to have students name plant and animal species in the forest, and identify an ecological relationship between two species that promotes a healthy environment. Students will learn about different types of symbiotic relationships like mutualism and how energy is transferred between trophic levels in a food chain.
This document provides an introduction and table of contents for a teaching guide on General Biology 2. It was collaboratively developed by educators from schools, colleges, and universities. The teaching guide is intended to help teachers facilitate student understanding of course content and competencies. It was created using a framework called "SHS for SHS" which focuses on developing meaning, mastery, and ownership of learning among students. The introduction provides background on the development of the guide and explains the framework. The table of contents then outlines the chapters and lessons covered in the guide.
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 6 BIOENERGETICS JJennn JJJen
The document discusses how different organisms obtain and utilize energy. It explains that organisms get energy primarily from food which contains organic molecules that store chemical energy. Autotrophs can produce their own food through photosynthesis using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy-rich molecules like glucose and ATP. Heterotrophs obtain energy by consuming autotrophs or other organisms. The energy from food is captured and transported within cells by ATP and is released through cellular respiration. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key processes in how organisms harness and release energy.
Here are the definitions:
1. Electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or ion in atomic orbitals of the electron shells.
2. The aufbau principle states that electrons fill atomic orbitals of an atom in order of increasing energy level. Orbitals within a given energy level are filled first before the next energy level is begun.
3. Hund's rule states that when electrons are added to orbitals of the same energy in an atom or ion, they will occupy different orbitals singly, with their spins parallel, before any orbital is occupied by a second electron.
General Biology 1- Lesson 3: Structure and Functions of Animal Tissues and Ce...marvinnbustamante1
The document discusses the four main types of animal tissues - epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. It describes the function and types of each tissue. The document also discusses some ways cells can modify themselves to carry out specialized functions, including through flagella, cilia, microvilli, and pseudopodia. These cell modifications allow cells to move, detect chemicals and smells, absorb nutrients, and change shape for motility and ingestion. Overall, the document provides an overview of the classification and functions of major animal tissues and some examples of how cells can modify themselves for specialized roles.
This document provides information about plant pigments and their importance. It begins with an activity identifying the colors of different plant leaves. It then discusses that:
1. Pigments absorb different wavelengths of light and determine an object's color. Chlorophyll is the main pigment in leaves and absorbs most wavelengths except green, which it reflects, making leaves appear green.
2. In addition to chlorophyll, plants have accessory pigments that absorb wavelengths chlorophyll cannot, allowing plants to utilize more sunlight. These include chlorophyll b, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and xanthophylls.
3. Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis as it absorbs light energy to convert carbon dioxide
This document provides information about stars and their formation. It begins by discussing how the universe originated from the Big Bang approximately 13 billion years ago. It then explains that early in the universe's formation, light elements like hydrogen and helium were formed through nuclear fusion. The document goes on to state that stars are formed from clouds of dust and gas in nebulae, and that nuclear fusion in the cores of stars is responsible for forming heavier elements.
Activities that Affect the Quality and Availability of Water for Human Use_10...cjoypingaron
This document discusses issues relating to water quality and availability for human use. It begins by stating that water resources face threats from human activities, which impact water quality. Several human activities are mentioned like agriculture, urbanization, and waste disposal. The document then covers various physical and chemical attributes that determine water quality, such as temperature, odor, turbidity, and chemical characteristics. Issues like water scarcity caused by overuse are also discussed. The importance of conservation and protecting water resources is emphasized. Students are prompted to consider how they can personally promote water conservation and protection.
Here are the key points about polarity of molecules:
1. Polarity arises due to differences in electronegativity between bonded atoms. The greater the difference, the more polar the bond.
2. Bonds between atoms with an electronegativity difference of 0.5-1.6 are considered polar covalent bonds.
3. Whether a molecule with polar bonds is itself polar depends on the molecular geometry. If the polar bonds are arranged asymmetrically, it results in a polar molecule with a partial positive and negative region.
4. Common polar molecules include H2O, HCl, NH3. Nonpolar molecules like CO2, CH4 have symmetrical arrangements of polar bonds that cancel out
The document provides information about a self-learning module on rational functions for 11th grade general mathematics students. It introduces rational functions and explains that they can be represented by equations of the form f(x)=p(x)/q(x) where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions. The module aims to help students understand rational functions, solve rational equations and inequalities, represent rational functions graphically and numerically, and determine the domain and range of rational functions.
1. The document provides information about a General Mathematics module on rational functions, including the writers and editors involved in developing the module.
2. It explains that the module aims to help learners master key concepts on rational functions such as defining them, representing them graphically and algebraically, and finding their domains and ranges.
3. The module is intended to be used flexibly in different learning situations and presents lessons in a defined outline to follow the standard course sequence.
1. The document discusses representing real-life situations using one-to-one functions. It provides examples of how time spent at an amusement park and electricity consumption can be modeled as one-to-one functions.
2. A one-to-one function is defined as a function where each element of the domain maps to a unique element of the range. No two elements of the domain can map to the same element of the range.
3. Examples are provided to illustrate how to write ordered pairs to represent relationships and determine if they represent one-to-one functions. Real-life scenarios like amusement park fees and electricity bills can be modeled as one-to-one functions of time and power consumption.
1. The document discusses representing real-life situations using one-to-one functions. It provides examples of how time spent at an amusement park and power consumption can be modeled by one-to-one functions.
2. A one-to-one function is defined as a function where no two different x-values map to the same y-value. Real-life examples are used to illustrate one-to-one functions and how they can model relationships between variables.
3. The document explains how to determine if a relation represented by ordered pairs, a table, or a graph is a one-to-one function. It provides examples and questions to help readers understand one-to-one functions and
The document provides information about a self-learning module on inverse functions including:
- The module aims to help students master inverse functions of one-to-one functions.
- It contains 5 lessons covering representing real-life situations with one-to-one functions, determining the inverse of a one-to-one function, representing the inverse using a table and graph, determining the domain and range of inverse functions, and solving problems involving inverse functions.
- After completing the module, students should be able to represent situations with one-to-one functions, determine inverses, illustrate inverses using tables and graphs, determine domains and ranges of inverses, and solve inverse function problems.
1. Exponential expressions, equations, inequalities, and functions involve expressions of the form abx-c + d, where b > 0 and b ≠ 1.
2. An exponential equation sets two exponential expressions equal to each other, while an exponential inequality compares two exponential expressions.
3. An exponential function expresses a relationship between two variables, usually of the form f(x) = bx, where b > 0 and b ≠ 1.
1. The module introduces exponential functions and how to represent real-life situations using exponential models. It covers exponential growth and decay, compound interest, and the natural exponential function.
2. The learner is expected to define exponential functions, equations, and inequalities and distinguish between them. They will also learn about exponential growth and decay and how to model real world scenarios exponentially.
3. The module contains examples, explanations, and practice problems to help the learner master representing real situations using exponential functions. It will check their understanding and ability to apply their knowledge.
1. The document is an introduction to a module on rational functions for Grade 11 general mathematics students. It provides an overview of the module contents and instructions for students on how to use the learning materials.
2. The module aims to teach students how to determine the intercepts, zeroes, and asymptotes of rational functions. It consists of two lessons that also cover solving problems involving rational functions, equations, and inequalities.
3. Students are provided guidelines for working through the module independently at their own pace. The document emphasizes that the materials are designed to engage and enable students to learn actively and process the lessons effectively.
1. The document provides information about a Grade 11 General Mathematics Self-Learning Module on rational functions.
2. It includes sections on what the learner needs to know, what they already know through a quiz, lessons on determining intercepts, zeroes and asymptotes of rational functions, and practice exercises.
3. The goal is for learners to master determining intercepts, zeroes and asymptotes of rational functions and solving related problems involving rational functions, equations and inequalities.
1. The document provides information about a Grade 11 General Mathematics Self-Learning Module on rational functions.
2. It includes sections on what the learner needs to know, what they already know through an assessment, lessons on determining intercepts, zeroes and asymptotes of rational functions, and practice activities.
3. The goal is for learners to master determining intercepts, zeroes and asymptotes of rational functions and solving related problems through independent and guided study using this module.
1. The document discusses representing real-life situations using functions, including piecewise functions. It provides examples of relations that are and are not functions based on the definition that a function matches each input to only one output.
2. An activity is included to determine if given relations are functions or not based on checking for repeated inputs. The document also gives an example of deriving a piecewise function to represent a circle equation.
3. In summary, the document introduces representing real-life situations with functions through examples of functional and non-functional relations. It also provides an activity for students to practice identifying functions.
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2. s
General Chemistry I – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Electronic Structure of Atoms: Electron Configuration
First Edition, 2020
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wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region
Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal
Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: region12@deped.gov.ph
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Karla Mae C. Ballenas
Editors: Celina L. Peralta and Kathy Lyn G. Daga-as
Reviewers: Evelyn C. Frusa PhD., Rolex H. Lotilla and Arvin M. Tejada
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Michael Angel S. Sajot
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Crispin A. Soliven, Jr., CESE – Schools Division Superintendent
Roberto J. Montero, Ed.D., CESO VI – ASDS
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Gilda O. Orendain – REPS, SHS
Belen L. Fajemolin, PhD. – CID Chief
Evelyn C. Frusa PhD. – EPS, LRMS
Bernardita M. Villano – Division ADM Coordinator
Nida Y. Pastor, PhD. – EPS – Science
4. Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the General Chemistry I Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Electronic
Structure of Atoms: Electron Configuration!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.
2
5. For the learner:
Welcome to the General Chemistry I Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Electronic
Structure of Atoms: Electron Configuration!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
3
6. Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the
module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
References This is a list of all sources used in developing
this module.
4
7. What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Electron Configuration: Magnetic Property of the Atom. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is about:
Lesson 1 – Electronic Structure of Atoms: Electron Configuration
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. write the electronic configuration of elements;
2. illustrate the electron distribution using orbital diagrams; and
3. determine the magnetic property of an atom based on its electronic
configuration.
5
8. What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What is the maximum number of electrons can a p-orbital hold?
a. 2
b. 6
c. 10
d. 14
2. Which of the following contains an unpaired electron?
a. Br
b. Ca
c. He
d. K
3. Which of the following elements has the least number of orbitals?
a. N
b. S
c. I
d. Fr
4. How many electrons does the element Silver has?
a. 10
b. 47
c. 107
d. 868
5. How many electrons can the 1st energy level hold?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 8
d. 0
6. An orbital can hold a maximum of how many electrons?
a. 2
b. 6
c. 10
d. 14
7. How many orbitals are in the 4p subshell?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 7
d. 8
8. What does the up and down arrows in orbital diagram represent?
a. Protons and electrons
b. Electron’s magnetic field
c. Electrons with opposite spins
d. Electrons with opposite
charges
9. Which atomic subshell will follow 6s?
a. 7s
b. 6p
c. 5d
d. 4f
10.When can we say that an atom is in ground state?
a. If it generates magnetic field
b. If it is either paramagnetic or diamagnetic
c. If electrons in an atom have the lowest possible energies
d. If electrons are jumping from one energy level to another
6
9. Lesson
1
Electronic Structure of
Atoms: Electron
Configuration
Electrons in atoms are arranged in a certain way which is referred to as
electronic configuration. This electronic structure tells us of the number of
electrons in the atom as well as their distribution around the nucleus and their
energies. Electron configuration summarizes the distribution of electrons around
the atomic orbitals.
What’s In
Directions: Write all the words that you can associate with quantum numbers
then select two (2) words from your constructed mind map and describe or explain
these words in the given space below.
D
• g _____
• h_____
E
• i _____
• j______
F
• k_____
• l_____
A
• a ____
• b____
B
• c ____
• d ____
C
• e _____
• f _____
1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
7
QUANTUM
NUMBERS
10. Notes to the Teacher
This module is composed of different activities about the
magnetic property of the atom based on its electronic
configuration. Utilization of different resources is suggested.
8
11. What’s New
Directions: Hidden in the puzzle are words associated with atomic structure. Find
and encircle the words listed below.
Atomic number
Orbital
Thomson
Democritus
Positive
Nucleus
Subatomic
Negative
Aristotle
Dalton
Atoms
Neutrons
Electrons
Energy levels
Electron cloud
Ion
Element
Bohr
Isotope
Rutherford
Plum pudding
Atomic mass
Protons
9
12. What is It
Electron configurations is the electronic structure of an atom in its ground
state as a listing of orbitals occupied by the electrons. It provides insight into the
chemical behavior of elements by helping determine the valence electrons of an
atom. It allows for the elements to be classified into different orbitals or blocks (such
as the s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block elements). The four quantum numbers
n, l, ml, and ms are also very useful in determining the location of an electron in an
orbital.
Atomic Orbitals
An atomic orbital can be used to find the probability of location an electron
in a specific region around the nucleus. There are four types of orbitals, s, p, d, and
f. s-orbital is a spherical region of space with high electron density and can hold up
to maximum of 2 electrons. p-orbital is a dumbbell-shaped region of space with
high electron density and can hold a maximum of 6 electrons. d-orbital is a four-
lobed shaped region that can hold up to a maximum of 10 electrons. f-orbital is a
multilobed region of space with high electron density and can hold a maximum of
14 electrons.
The quantum mechanical model of an atom uses three quantum numbers to
describe an orbital: principal quantum number, azimuthal quantum number, and
magnetic quantum number. The collection of orbitals with the same value of n is
called an electron shell. All the orbitals that have n=2 are said to be in the second
shell. The orbitals that have the same n and ℓ values is called a subshell. Each
subshell is designated by a number (the energy level) and a letter (s, p, d, f that
refers to the value of ℓ). Example, the orbitals that have the values of n=2 and ℓ =0
are called 2s orbitals and are in the 2s subshell.
Figure 1.Order of filling up of electrons by energy levels of an atom
Each box represents
one orbital
Each row represents
one shell
Each cluster of boxes
represents one subshell
10
13. Orbital Diagrams
Orbital diagrams are used to represent how electrons are arranged in
an orbital. Orbitals are represented by boxes and electrons are represented
by arrows. Each block can hold a maximum of two (2) electrons of opposing
spins. Take for example the element Hydrogen with electron configuration
1s1 can be represented as:
or
Orbital diagrams can help determine the electron configuration of an
element as electron configuration is simply the arrangement of electrons in
the shells. Filling of atomic orbitals follows a set of rules:
1. Aufbau Principle – the term “aufbau” originates from German word
Aufbauen which means “to build”. In essence, when writing electron
configurations, the lower energy levels are filled up first before the
higher energy levels. According to this principle, electrons are filled
following this order: 1s, 2s, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d,
6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p
Figure 2. Filling up of electrons according to Aufbau Principle
2. Pauli’s Exclusion Principle - in 1925, an Austrian physicist named
Wolfgang Pauli discovered how electron spin works and established
the Pauli’s Exclusion Principle. This principle states at no two
electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers and an
orbital can only hold a maximum of two electrons, which are of
opposing spins. Thus, writing the orbital diagram element of Lithium,
with an atomic number of 3, must be:
And NOT
3. Hund’s Rule – every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one
electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in
11
14. singly occupied orbitals have the same spin. For example, the element
Carbon which 6 electrons (remember, atomic number = number of
electrons), the orbital diagram should look like:
Example:
Element # of
electrons
Orbital Diagram
Beryllium 4
Nitrogen 7
Electron Configuration
Electron configuration summarizes the distribution of electrons
around the atomic orbitals. Electron configuration explains an element’s
chemical behavior by helping determine the valence electrons of an atom. It
is often found in most periodic tables and follows a standard notation. For
example, the electron configuration of Fluorine (9) is 1s22s22p5 as it is
located on the 2nd energy level and 5th element on the p-block. It is also
interesting to note that valence shell (2) in this example corresponds to the
period where to find the element and the valence electron (7) corresponds to
the group (+10) / Family (A elements only) of the said element.
12
15. Figure 3. Periodic Table of Elements
In writing the electron configuration, it must be noted that the total
number of electrons that can be accommodated in a shell is based on the
principal quantum number (n). The subshells, on the other hand, are
determined by the azimuthal quantum number (ℓ). The s, p, d, f subshells
can accommodate up to 2, 6, 10, 14 respectively. If you have observed, the
subshells are the same number of the elements on each block per energy
level. For example, the element Sodium (Na) has 11 electrons and is located
on the 3rd energy level on the s block in the first row, which means that its
electron configuration is 1s22s22p63s1.
Electron Spin
The electronic structure of an atom can be described in terms of
orbitals. So far, we have learned how quantum mechanics can be used to
s
b
l
o
c
k
d block
p
block
f block
Figure 4. Electron configuration displays the identity of an atom
13
16. define an atom. In addition, the nature of orbitals and their relative energies
as well as how the electrons populate the available orbitals must be
considered. But how do electrons really occupy the available orbitals? To
answer this question, we must consider the additional property of the
electron.
In the previous lesson, we have learned about the spin quantum
number which describes the direction in which the electron is spinning
within an orbital.
It is essential to note that understanding how the electron behaves
gives way to comprehend the electronic structure of atoms. It is important to
remember that the electron spin is represented by the possible values of the
spin quantum number.
The spinning of electrons generates magnetic spins whose directions
depends on the direction of the spin, making it an electric charge in motion.
Paramagnetism is the attraction of materials to a magnetic field; it refers to
the magnetic state of an atom with one or more unpaired electrons.
Diamagnetism is the repulsion of materials by a magnetic field; these
materials are characterized by paired electrons. The reason it repels a
magnetic field is because when orbitals are filled with paired electrons, they
are spinning in opposite directions, as stated in Pauli’s Exclusion Principle,
and as a result, the magnetic field of electrons gets cancelled out, thus there
is no magnetic moment.
To determine whether a substance is paramagnetic or diamagnetic,
the electron configuration must be examined. If it has unpaired electrons, it
is paramagnetic. If all electrons are paired, the substance is diamagnetic.
Example:
Element Orbital diagram Paramagnetic
or diamagnetic
# of
unpaired
electrons
He Diamagnetic 0
Na Paramagnetic 1
14
17. What’s More
Excellent work! Now that you have already learned about electron configuration,
you can easily do the next activity.
Activity 1: Orbital Diagram
Objective: Illustrate the electron distribution using orbital diagrams
Direction: Draw the orbital diagram of the following elements
Element # of
electrons
Orbital Diagram
Beryllium 4
Boron
Nitrogen
Fluorine
Neon
Sodium
Activity 2: Paramagnetic or Diamagnetic
Directions: Fill out the information needed for the following elements:
Element # of
electrons
Electronic
configuration
Orbital
diagram
Paramagnetic
or
Diamagnetic
1. Chlorine
2. Calcium
3. Iron
4. Argon
15
18. What I Have Learned
Summarize what you have learned from the very start by answering the questions
below.
1. What the four types of atomic orbital? Describe each.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
2. How is the electron configuration written?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
3. How does the atom generate a magnetic field?
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
4. What needs to be considered when making an orbital diagram of an element?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
16
19. What I Can Do
Job well done! You are close completing your work. Now is the time you apply
what you have learned in this module.
Apartment Analogy
Imagine you are the landlord of a very strange apartment building. Your job
is to fill the apartments in the most specific and efficient way. The rules you have
to follow in filling this apartment is the same as the rules followed by the electrons
when filling the orbitals. Now how will you fill your apartment up? Describe the
method of filling up the apartment using the rules in filling up the orbitals.
Rules in Filling Up the Orbitals Rules in Filling Up the Apartment
Aufbau Principle:
Hund’s Rule
Pauli’s Exclusion Principle:
17
20. Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following statements about the s, p, and d orbitals are true?
a. 3p orbital has the same energy with a 3s orbital
b. only s orbital can have a maximum of 6 electrons
c. s, p, and d orbitals are of the same shape but of different energy levels
d. a p orbital has a higher energy than the s orbital of the same principal
quantum number
2. What element is element X if it has the following electron
configuration and orbital diagram?
a. Aluminum
b. Boron
c. Neon
d. Phosphorus
3. How many electrons can the p-orbital hold?
a. 2
b. 6
c. 10
d. 14
4. Which is the correct way of writing the orbital diagram of the element
Nitrogen?
a.
b.
c.
d.
18
21. 5. Which of the following elements can generate electromagnetic field?
a. Br
b. Ca
c. He
d. K
6. Which of the following is the correct sequence of increasing energy level?
a. 2s, 3p, 3d, 4s
b. 4s, 3d, 3p, 4p
c. 3s, 3p, 4s, 5f
d. 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p
7. What type of orbital must an electron with principal quantum number n=2
occupy?
a. cone-shaped orbital
b. either an s or p orbital
c. low density region of space
d. the orbital closest to the nucleus
8. Which element is diamagnetic?
a. Antimony
b. Barium
c. Sodium
d. Polonium
9. The total number of unpaired electrons of Cobalt (Co – 27) is ________.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
10.In a subshell of an atom, the total number of allowed orbitals is equal to:
a. ℓ
b. ℓ + 1
c. ℓ + 2
d. 2ℓ + 1
19
22. Additional Activities
Congratulations! You’ve come this far. I know you’ve learned a lot in Electronic
Structure: Electron Configuration. Do additional reading on the significance of spin
quantum number (ms).
Suppose that the spin quantum number could have three allowed values instead of
two. How would this affect the number of elements in the first four rows of the
periodic table?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
20
24. Answer Key
What’s More
Activity 1:
Activity 2:
What
I
Know:
1.b
2.
d
3.
a
4.
b
5.
b
6.
a
7.
b
8.
c
9.
d
10.
c
Assessment:
1.
d
2.
a
3.
b
4.
c
5.
d
6.
d
7.
b
8.
b
9.
b
10.
d
22
25. References
Pettrucci, Ralph H. General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications.
9th. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007
Sherman, Alan, Sharon J. Sherman, and Leonard Russikoff. Basic Concepts of
Chemistry Fifth Edition. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992.
Print. Provided by:
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Mount_Royal_University/Chem_1201
/Unit_2._Periodic_Properties_of_the_Elements/2.07%3A_Magnetic_Propertie
s_of_Atoms_and_Ions
Electron configuration. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located
at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_configuration. License: CC BY-SA:
Attribution-ShareAlike
Free High School Science Texts Project, The Atom: Energy Quantisation and
Electron Configuration. August 22, 2020. Provided by: OpenStax
CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/content/m39967/latest/. License: CC BY:
Attribution
Aufbau principle. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located
at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufbau_principle. License: CC BY-SA:
Attribution-ShareAlike
Pauli Exclusion Principle. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located
at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauli%20Exclusion%20Principle. License:
CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
Hund's rules. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located
at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hund's_rules. License: CC BY-SA:
Attribution-ShareAlike
High School Chemistry/Orbital Configurations. Provided by: Wikibooks. Located
at: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/High_School_Chemistry/Orbital_Configura
tions. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
Diamagnetic. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located
at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamagnetic. License: CC BY-SA:
Attribution-ShareAlike
Paramagnetic. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located
at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramagnetic. License: CC BY-SA:
Attribution-ShareAlike
Periodic Table of Elements. Provided by: viosplatter. Located at:
https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/4a469070-109d-4ff0-ba36-
910f038097ff. License:
23
26. EDITOR’S NOTE
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd
SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing
the new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of SOCCSKSARGEN Region in all public schools beginning SY 2020-
2021. The process of LR development was observed in the production of this
module. This is Version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN
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