A complete elaborate presentation on research papers from the SCIENCE journal. Help give a brief insight into the disease, genetics behind it, and proposed treatment for it.
Kell blood group system most important blood group system following to ABO and Rh blood group system, particularly RhD as far as immunogenicity is concerned and Its clinical importance.
Kell blood group system most important blood group system following to ABO and Rh blood group system, particularly RhD as far as immunogenicity is concerned and Its clinical importance.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Harvesting and Mobilization.pptxroysudip900
procedure of bone marrow stem cell harvesting for bone marrow transplant by apheresis. mobilization of stem cell from bone marrow to peripheral blood. GCSF mobilization. Apheresis principle and procedure. stem cell from bone marrow collection. effect of stem cell collection form different sources. newer drugs for stem cell harvesting. adequate dose of stem cell to be collected. minimal invasive procedure.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
2. What is ‘Sickle cell anaemia’?
• Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a genetic blood disorder where the
normal, biconcave shaped RBC’s change to ‘sickle shaped’ cells.
Normal RBC’s
Sickle shaped RBC’s
3. What is Sickle Cell Anemia?
• It is caused by the mutation in the “hemoglobin beta gene (HBB)”
present on chromosome 11.
• It is a recessive disease, which means that for a person to have sickle
cell anemia, both the copies of the gene must be mutated.
• If an individual just carrier’s one copy of this mutated gene then
he/she is known to be a carrier of the disease.
4. What causes ‘Sickle cell anaemia’?
• A point mutation in the DNA, changes the Adenine (A) to Thymine (T),
which changes the so translated protein, i.e. Glutamate to Valine.
• This conversion of glutamate to
valine causes the hemoglobin
molecules to form sticky ends.
• This produces long fibers of hb.
Thus changing the shape of
RBCs.
• This forms hBS that is the
mutated copy.
5. Global impact of the disease
North America: 1.4%
South America: 1.4%
Africa: 76%
Asia: 19.6%
7. Traits of Sickle cell anaemia
• Low hb levels
• Episode of pain
• Swelling of hands and feet
• Frequent infection
• Difficulty in breathing
• Higher risk of stroke
• Pulmonary hypertension
8. Current treatments available...
• The current treatments for SCA is treating the symptoms as and when
they appear. Like:
• Avoiding painful episodes- use hydroxyurea
• Avoiding body pain- over the counter analgesics (ibuprofen)
• Treating anaemia- intake of folic acid, in severe cases regular blood
transfusion
• Treating infections- antibiotics like penicillin
10. Eureka moment!
After the Shinaya Yamanaka published
his research on iPSC, J Hanna exploited
it’s further potential by using this
technique to find a cure for SCA.
11. Aim of the experiment
• The aim of the experiment was to convert somatic cells (tail-tip
fibroblast) to pluripotent cells.
• MTF- Mouse tail-tip fibroblast
MTF iPSC
Oct4-Neo, Klf4, c-Myc, Sox-2
iPSC- induced
pluripotent stem cells
12. Continued…
• Then by homologous recombination, replace the defected gene with
a healthy copy of it.
Diseased copy
Healthy copy
*homologous recombination: is a type
of genetic recombination in
which nucleotide sequences are exchanged
between two similar or identical molecules
of DNA.
14. First step: Obtain iPSC!
• Tail-tip fibroblast (TTF) from 12 week humanized knock-out mice was
harvested. (hBs|hBs mouse)
• These TTF cells were infected with retroviruses containing 4
transcription factors, i.e. oct-4-neo, 4-Klf, Sox-2, c-Myc.
• The mice used were tagged with neomycin resistance gene ‘oct-4-
neo’
Oct-4 Promoter Neomycin resistance
15. Obtaining iPSC
• Oct-4 is the “pluripotency regulator of the cell.”
• The cells treated with 4 transcription factors are checked for
pluripotency by the expressing of ‘oct-4-neo’i.e. their resistance to
neomycin
• The further 24 neomycin resistant colonies were picked up at day 16.
• These were designated a cell-line name- ITTO26.
16. Check-time
ES CELLS
AP, SSEA1, Nanog AP, SSEA1, Nanog
ITTO26 CELLS
Both the control, i.e. mouse embryonic cells and induced pluripotent stem cells
were checked for the expression of stemness markers viz. AP, SSEA1, Nanog
17. Hematopoietic Differentiation
• The ITTO26 cell line and the embryonic stem cells were infected with
‘Moloney virus’.
• This virus carried the HoxB4* protein tagged with GFP.
• They were cultured on a media containing hematopoietic cytokines to
support hematopoietic differentiation.
*HoxB4 protein- it is generally expressed in homeodomain cells or the hematopoietic
progenitors
18. Confirmation for hemopoietic differentiation
• To confirm for hematopoietic differentiation these cells were run on a
fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS), stained with two antibodies:
CD41
c-kit antigen
• These are the two early markers of hemopoietic progenitor cells as
well as markers for erythroid differentiation.
19. What is FACS?
• Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a specialized type of flow
cytometry. It provides a method for sorting a heterogeneous mixture
of biological cells into two or more containers, one cell at a time,
based upon the specific light scattering and fluorescent
characteristics of each cell.
22. Survival rate check
Embryonic cells
ITTO26 iPSC
No.ofcells
No. of days
The next check for
stem cell like
behavior is the
survival rate of the
obtained iPSC.
23. Next step: Gene Correction!
• ITTO26 cells were then specifically corrected for their gene defect by
homologous recombination.
• The cells were electroporated and human hBA wild type gene.
• These cells were treated with hygromycin and gancylovir to check for
correct gene targeting.
• 1 colony out of the 72 colonies were identified as correctly gene
targeted colony.
• This was checked by performing PCR and further digestion by Bsu36I.
24. Check for recombination
• The Bsu36I is a restriction
enzyme which is site specific,
therefore its only able to cut
the sites containing hBA
• This proves the correct
homologous recombinant
alleles.
25. Post successful recombination
• The cells with corrected gene was engrafted to three mice suffering
from sickle cell anemia (hBS|hBS)
• 12 weeks post transplants the engraftment was stable
• This was checked by presence of GFP in peripheral blood
• The DNA samples of these mice on electrophoresis showed the
presence of human globin A and S.
• Also the quantity of human globin A increased after 8 weeks.
26. Parameters to test for:
• A control group of mice suffering from sickle cell anemia was used to
compare the results of engrafted mice.
• These were the parameters that was checked for:
Morphology
Complete blood profiling
Urine concentration
Weight
Breathing rate