The lumbar spine supports great compressive loads from body weight and ground reaction forces. The lumbar vertebrae have large, thick bodies and intervertebral disks to withstand these loads. Flexion and extension occur primarily in the sagittal plane due to facet orientation, while rotation is most limited at L5-S1. The ligaments and fascia, including the thoracolumbar fascia, provide stability and transmit forces between the spine and pelvis. Lumbar-pelvic rhythm increases the range of motion of bending by coordinating pelvic and spinal motion. Compressive loads are shared between the intervertebral disks and facet joints.
This document discusses the biomechanics and pathomechanics of the shoulder. It begins by describing the bones and joints that make up the shoulder complex, including the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, and glenohumeral joints. It then explains shoulder kinetics and kinematics such as scapulohumeral rhythm. Finally, it covers various shoulder pathologies that can result from muscle weakness or tightness, including rotator cuff injuries, impingement syndrome, and winging of the scapula. The objective is for readers to understand shoulder structures, motions, and potential pathologies.
This document discusses shoulder instability, including definitions, anatomy, evaluation, and treatment. It defines instability as the inability to maintain the humeral head in the glenoid fossa, ranging from dislocation to laxity. Static stabilizers include the labrum and ligaments, while dynamic stabilizers are the rotator cuff and scapulothoracic muscles. Evaluation involves history, exam, and imaging to classify instability by direction, degree, and etiology. Treatment depends on classification but may include immobilization, rehabilitation, or surgical repair of labral tears or bone defects.
This study examined hip abductor strength in long distance runners with ITBS compared to uninjured runners. Runners with ITBS had weaker hip abductors on their injured side compared to their uninjured side and controls. Both male and female runners who completed a 6-week physical therapy program of hip abductor strengthening exercises achieved strength levels equal to or greater than their uninjured side and controls. Most runners were able to successfully return to running following the strengthening intervention. While the study included multiple treatments, it provides evidence that hip abductor weakness may play a role in ITBS and strengthening can help return runners to sport.
MCL. LCL.ALL injuries
To understand the relevant anatomy of the side ligaments of the knee
To study the mechanism of injury of each ligament and how to diagnose such injury
To highlight the different treatment options in acute or chronic situations
- The document discusses the biomechanics and pathomechanics of the elbow joint. It describes the ligaments of the elbow, the articulations between the humerus, ulna, and radius, and the range of motion of the elbow joint. It also examines the muscles that flex, extend, pronate, and supinate the forearm, discussing their attachments, actions, innervation, and the effects of joint positioning on their function. Key concepts covered include torque, moment arms, classes of levers, and the screw home mechanism of the elbow.
This document summarizes the biomechanics of the hip joint. It describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head, acetabulum, and labrum. It also discusses the capsule, ligaments including the iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments. Muscles that act on the hip joint and the ranges of motion are outlined. Factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized. Pathomechanics related to variations in the neck shaft angle and angle of torsion are covered.
The lumbar spine supports great compressive loads from body weight and ground reaction forces. The lumbar vertebrae have large, thick bodies and intervertebral disks to withstand these loads. Flexion and extension occur primarily in the sagittal plane due to facet orientation, while rotation is most limited at L5-S1. The ligaments and fascia, including the thoracolumbar fascia, provide stability and transmit forces between the spine and pelvis. Lumbar-pelvic rhythm increases the range of motion of bending by coordinating pelvic and spinal motion. Compressive loads are shared between the intervertebral disks and facet joints.
This document discusses the biomechanics and pathomechanics of the shoulder. It begins by describing the bones and joints that make up the shoulder complex, including the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, and glenohumeral joints. It then explains shoulder kinetics and kinematics such as scapulohumeral rhythm. Finally, it covers various shoulder pathologies that can result from muscle weakness or tightness, including rotator cuff injuries, impingement syndrome, and winging of the scapula. The objective is for readers to understand shoulder structures, motions, and potential pathologies.
This document discusses shoulder instability, including definitions, anatomy, evaluation, and treatment. It defines instability as the inability to maintain the humeral head in the glenoid fossa, ranging from dislocation to laxity. Static stabilizers include the labrum and ligaments, while dynamic stabilizers are the rotator cuff and scapulothoracic muscles. Evaluation involves history, exam, and imaging to classify instability by direction, degree, and etiology. Treatment depends on classification but may include immobilization, rehabilitation, or surgical repair of labral tears or bone defects.
This study examined hip abductor strength in long distance runners with ITBS compared to uninjured runners. Runners with ITBS had weaker hip abductors on their injured side compared to their uninjured side and controls. Both male and female runners who completed a 6-week physical therapy program of hip abductor strengthening exercises achieved strength levels equal to or greater than their uninjured side and controls. Most runners were able to successfully return to running following the strengthening intervention. While the study included multiple treatments, it provides evidence that hip abductor weakness may play a role in ITBS and strengthening can help return runners to sport.
MCL. LCL.ALL injuries
To understand the relevant anatomy of the side ligaments of the knee
To study the mechanism of injury of each ligament and how to diagnose such injury
To highlight the different treatment options in acute or chronic situations
- The document discusses the biomechanics and pathomechanics of the elbow joint. It describes the ligaments of the elbow, the articulations between the humerus, ulna, and radius, and the range of motion of the elbow joint. It also examines the muscles that flex, extend, pronate, and supinate the forearm, discussing their attachments, actions, innervation, and the effects of joint positioning on their function. Key concepts covered include torque, moment arms, classes of levers, and the screw home mechanism of the elbow.
This document summarizes the biomechanics of the hip joint. It describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head, acetabulum, and labrum. It also discusses the capsule, ligaments including the iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments. Muscles that act on the hip joint and the ranges of motion are outlined. Factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized. Pathomechanics related to variations in the neck shaft angle and angle of torsion are covered.
2. biomechanics of the knee joint artho, osteoSaurab Sharma
The document discusses biomechanics of the tibiofemoral joint, including osteokinematics (bone motions), arthrokinematics (joint motions), and the automatic locking/screw home phenomenon. It describes the two degrees of freedom of motion as flexion-extension along a migrating axis and internal-external rotation along a vertical axis. Arthrokinematics involve gliding and rolling motions of the femoral condyles on the tibia during extension. The automatic locking occurs through lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur during the last 30 degrees of extension, increasing joint stability.
this is a slide show which gives in brief about anatomy and detailed description about biomechanics as well as pathomechanics of shoulder joint. various rhythms of shoulder complex are discussed as well along with the stability factors
The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is one of the four major ligaments of the knee. It connects the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial condyle of the femur. The PCL prevents the femur from sliding off the anterior edge of the tibia and prevents hyperextension of the knee. Injuries to the PCL typically occur from direct blows to the flexed knee, falling on the knee, or hyperextension injuries. Treatment involves rest, bracing, and physical therapy, with surgery required for complete tears.
Pes cavus and pes planus are foot deformities characterized by high and low arches, respectively. Pes cavus, or a high arched foot, can be congenital or acquired and results in clawing of the toes. Pes planus, or a flat foot, is caused by the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch. Both conditions can cause foot, ankle, and leg pain and abnormal shoe wear. Treatment involves orthotics, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery to correct muscle imbalances and bony deformities.
Scapular dyskinesis refers to abnormal or dysfunctional movement of the scapula. It can impair shoulder function and create issues like decreased subacromial space and rotator cuff weakness. Scapular dyskinesis is often associated with shoulder injuries like labral tears, impingement, and rotator cuff injuries. Rehabilitation focuses on strengthening the scapular stabilizing muscles like the serratus anterior and lower trapezius to improve scapular control and positioning during arm movements.
This document discusses the pathomechanics of ankle joint injuries. It begins with the anatomy and ligaments of the ankle joint. It then discusses the muscle groups around the ankle joint and their actions. Next, it explores the mechanics of ankle motion and different types of ankle injuries including lateral and medial ligament injuries, fractures, and muscular imbalances. It provides details on specific muscles like the tibialis anterior and their weaknesses or tightnesses. It concludes with discussing chronic ankle instability and recent literature on lateral ankle sprains and reinjury rates. In summary, the document provides an in-depth overview of ankle joint anatomy, mechanics, common injuries and their pathomechanics, as well as muscular factors.
Piriformis syndrome is a condition where sciatica symptoms occur due to involvement of the piriformis muscle, often caused by muscle tightness or trauma. It results in entrapment of the sciatic or pudendal nerves, leading to pain, tingling, and numbness in the buttocks, thigh, and leg. Diagnosis involves physical tests like the Freiberg test and treatment focuses on stretching, strengthening, and modalities like massage to relieve tightness while surgery is rarely needed.
This is the Presentation on the topic "Pathomechanics of Knee Joint".
The presentation includes images and a clip for proper understanding. The sentences are framed in the way that you can learn it in a easy way.
Pp for lumbarization and sacralization by Dr Dhruv Taneja Assistant ProfessorDhruv Taneja
Lumbarization is a condition where the first sacral vertebra appears like a lumbar vertebra rather than being fused with the sacrum. This occurs when the first and second sacral segments fail to fuse during development. A lumbarized S1 vertebra may have its own disc or an underdeveloped disc space, making it difficult to accommodate and more prone to injury with age. Sacralization is a related condition where the fifth lumbar vertebra fuses with the sacrum, reducing mobility and increasing stress on the L4 vertebra. Both conditions can potentially lead to back pain and disc problems.
Ankle & Foot Physiotherapy Management SRSSreeraj S R
This document discusses common ankle injuries including sprains and fractures. It describes the ligaments surrounding the ankle and classifications of ankle sprains. The acute, subacute, and maturation stages of rehabilitation are outlined with goals, interventions, and sample exercises described for each stage. Criteria for return to activity are provided, with warnings about potential increases in pain or inflammation. References are listed at the end.
This document provides information about goniometry and range of motion measurements of various joints, including the shoulder complex. It defines goniometry as the measurement of joint angles using a goniometer. The document describes how to position and stabilize the individual and properly align the goniometer to measure flexion and extension of the shoulder joint. Flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane around the medial-lateral axis. Normal range of motion for shoulder flexion is 165-180 degrees and for glenohumeral flexion is 100-115 degrees.
Lumbarization and sacralization are spinal anomalies where the typical number of vertebrae in the lumbar or sacral spine is altered. Lumbarization occurs when the first sacral segment is not fully fused, appearing as a sixth lumbar vertebra. Sacralization is when the fifth lumbar vertebra is fused to the sacrum, appearing as one fewer lumbar vertebra. These conditions can cause lower back pain and biomechanical strain. Treatment may include medications, injections, physiotherapy including stretching, strengthening, and stabilization exercises, and in some cases surgery.
GONIOMETRY FOR UPPER LIMB DISCUSSES IN CONCISE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GONIOMETERS AVAILABLE FOR MEASURING VARIOUS JOINT ROM, PRINCIPLES OF GONIOMETRY AND PLACEMENT OF GONIOMETER FOR MEASURING RANGE OF MOTION IN UPPER LIMB (SHOULDER, ELBOW, FOREARM AND WRIST JOINT).
This document discusses fibromyalgia, including its characteristics, prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, treatment approaches, and specific studies on treatments. It defines fibromyalgia as a syndrome characterized by widespread pain and tender points, stiffness, and other systemic symptoms. It notes the prevalence is highest in women ages 40-60 and discusses potential contributing factors and mechanisms. Diagnostic criteria including the 2010 ACR criteria are outlined. A variety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment approaches are recommended, including exercise, CBT, manual therapy, and aquatic therapy. Specific studies demonstrating the effectiveness of treatments like tai chi, muscle energy technique, and perceptual rehabilitation are summarized.
The document discusses the biomechanics of the knee joint, including the tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint. It covers the articulating surfaces, degrees of freedom, ligaments, muscles, alignment and weight bearing forces of the knee. It also discusses normal patellar tracking in the trochlear groove during range of motion and the changing contact areas between the patella and femur through different degrees of flexion.
The document discusses the anatomy and biomechanics of the hip joint. It describes the ball and socket structure of the hip joint formed by the acetabulum and femoral head. It details the angles of the hip joint including the central edge angle and angle of anteversion. It discusses the muscles, ligaments, biomechanics including ranges of motion, and forces across the hip joint during activities like standing, walking, and squatting. Pathomechanics of conditions like hip fractures and dislocations are also mentioned.
Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis Specific Exercises (PSSE): Recent evidence for th...Nikos Karavidas
The recent high methodological quality studies (RCT's) have proved the effectiveness of the PSSE for the scoliosis treatment (Level of Evidence I). The international scientific societies SRS, SOSORT, AAP, AAOS, POSNA recognize that the PSSE can halt the progression of scoliosis and must be the first step of treatment in curves below 25 degrees
- The ACL originates on the lateral femoral condyle and inserts on the tibia, providing primary stability to prevent anterior tibial translation.
- Most ACL tears are non-contact injuries involving sudden deceleration, change of direction, or landing from a jump with the knee near full extension.
- Physical exam includes Lachman, anterior drawer, and pivot shift tests to assess knee stability. MRI is used to confirm ACL tear.
- Treatment options include conservative rehab for partial or low-grade tears or ACL reconstruction surgery using grafts like patellar tendon or hamstring tendons fixed with interference screws. Post-op rehab emphasizes early range of motion and weight bearing.
This document provides guidance on prescribing wheelchairs. It outlines the parts of a wheelchair, important considerations in evaluating patients, and goals of prescription. A proper evaluation involves medical history, physical exam, and functional assessment. Prescriptions are developed using tools like the SEAT checklist to address safety, comfort, and accommodation of needs over time. The goals of prescription include normalization of tone, improved function and mobility, and increased comfort and skin integrity.
The shoulder is a ball and socket joint located where the humerus, clavicle, and scapula meet. It is actually composed of four joints: the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, and scapulothoracic joints. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. Common shoulder conditions include fractures of the clavicle, scapula, or humerus; dislocations of the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, or glenohumeral joints; impingement syndrome; tendinitis; bursitis; rotator cuff tears; frozen shoulder; arthritis; and sprains and
Clinical Anatomy of The Upper Limb 2017 NEW.pptHarunMohamed7
This document summarizes common fractures and injuries around the clavicle, humerus, radius, and hand bones. It describes the location and mechanisms of fractures of the clavicle, proximal humerus, humeral shaft, distal humerus, and distal radius. It also discusses tendon injuries around the shoulder like rotator cuff tendinitis and supraspinatus tendon rupture. Other topics covered include tennis elbow, golfer's elbow, Volkmann's contracture, Dupuytren's contracture, and infections of the hand like felons.
2. biomechanics of the knee joint artho, osteoSaurab Sharma
The document discusses biomechanics of the tibiofemoral joint, including osteokinematics (bone motions), arthrokinematics (joint motions), and the automatic locking/screw home phenomenon. It describes the two degrees of freedom of motion as flexion-extension along a migrating axis and internal-external rotation along a vertical axis. Arthrokinematics involve gliding and rolling motions of the femoral condyles on the tibia during extension. The automatic locking occurs through lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur during the last 30 degrees of extension, increasing joint stability.
this is a slide show which gives in brief about anatomy and detailed description about biomechanics as well as pathomechanics of shoulder joint. various rhythms of shoulder complex are discussed as well along with the stability factors
The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is one of the four major ligaments of the knee. It connects the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial condyle of the femur. The PCL prevents the femur from sliding off the anterior edge of the tibia and prevents hyperextension of the knee. Injuries to the PCL typically occur from direct blows to the flexed knee, falling on the knee, or hyperextension injuries. Treatment involves rest, bracing, and physical therapy, with surgery required for complete tears.
Pes cavus and pes planus are foot deformities characterized by high and low arches, respectively. Pes cavus, or a high arched foot, can be congenital or acquired and results in clawing of the toes. Pes planus, or a flat foot, is caused by the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch. Both conditions can cause foot, ankle, and leg pain and abnormal shoe wear. Treatment involves orthotics, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery to correct muscle imbalances and bony deformities.
Scapular dyskinesis refers to abnormal or dysfunctional movement of the scapula. It can impair shoulder function and create issues like decreased subacromial space and rotator cuff weakness. Scapular dyskinesis is often associated with shoulder injuries like labral tears, impingement, and rotator cuff injuries. Rehabilitation focuses on strengthening the scapular stabilizing muscles like the serratus anterior and lower trapezius to improve scapular control and positioning during arm movements.
This document discusses the pathomechanics of ankle joint injuries. It begins with the anatomy and ligaments of the ankle joint. It then discusses the muscle groups around the ankle joint and their actions. Next, it explores the mechanics of ankle motion and different types of ankle injuries including lateral and medial ligament injuries, fractures, and muscular imbalances. It provides details on specific muscles like the tibialis anterior and their weaknesses or tightnesses. It concludes with discussing chronic ankle instability and recent literature on lateral ankle sprains and reinjury rates. In summary, the document provides an in-depth overview of ankle joint anatomy, mechanics, common injuries and their pathomechanics, as well as muscular factors.
Piriformis syndrome is a condition where sciatica symptoms occur due to involvement of the piriformis muscle, often caused by muscle tightness or trauma. It results in entrapment of the sciatic or pudendal nerves, leading to pain, tingling, and numbness in the buttocks, thigh, and leg. Diagnosis involves physical tests like the Freiberg test and treatment focuses on stretching, strengthening, and modalities like massage to relieve tightness while surgery is rarely needed.
This is the Presentation on the topic "Pathomechanics of Knee Joint".
The presentation includes images and a clip for proper understanding. The sentences are framed in the way that you can learn it in a easy way.
Pp for lumbarization and sacralization by Dr Dhruv Taneja Assistant ProfessorDhruv Taneja
Lumbarization is a condition where the first sacral vertebra appears like a lumbar vertebra rather than being fused with the sacrum. This occurs when the first and second sacral segments fail to fuse during development. A lumbarized S1 vertebra may have its own disc or an underdeveloped disc space, making it difficult to accommodate and more prone to injury with age. Sacralization is a related condition where the fifth lumbar vertebra fuses with the sacrum, reducing mobility and increasing stress on the L4 vertebra. Both conditions can potentially lead to back pain and disc problems.
Ankle & Foot Physiotherapy Management SRSSreeraj S R
This document discusses common ankle injuries including sprains and fractures. It describes the ligaments surrounding the ankle and classifications of ankle sprains. The acute, subacute, and maturation stages of rehabilitation are outlined with goals, interventions, and sample exercises described for each stage. Criteria for return to activity are provided, with warnings about potential increases in pain or inflammation. References are listed at the end.
This document provides information about goniometry and range of motion measurements of various joints, including the shoulder complex. It defines goniometry as the measurement of joint angles using a goniometer. The document describes how to position and stabilize the individual and properly align the goniometer to measure flexion and extension of the shoulder joint. Flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane around the medial-lateral axis. Normal range of motion for shoulder flexion is 165-180 degrees and for glenohumeral flexion is 100-115 degrees.
Lumbarization and sacralization are spinal anomalies where the typical number of vertebrae in the lumbar or sacral spine is altered. Lumbarization occurs when the first sacral segment is not fully fused, appearing as a sixth lumbar vertebra. Sacralization is when the fifth lumbar vertebra is fused to the sacrum, appearing as one fewer lumbar vertebra. These conditions can cause lower back pain and biomechanical strain. Treatment may include medications, injections, physiotherapy including stretching, strengthening, and stabilization exercises, and in some cases surgery.
GONIOMETRY FOR UPPER LIMB DISCUSSES IN CONCISE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GONIOMETERS AVAILABLE FOR MEASURING VARIOUS JOINT ROM, PRINCIPLES OF GONIOMETRY AND PLACEMENT OF GONIOMETER FOR MEASURING RANGE OF MOTION IN UPPER LIMB (SHOULDER, ELBOW, FOREARM AND WRIST JOINT).
This document discusses fibromyalgia, including its characteristics, prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, treatment approaches, and specific studies on treatments. It defines fibromyalgia as a syndrome characterized by widespread pain and tender points, stiffness, and other systemic symptoms. It notes the prevalence is highest in women ages 40-60 and discusses potential contributing factors and mechanisms. Diagnostic criteria including the 2010 ACR criteria are outlined. A variety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment approaches are recommended, including exercise, CBT, manual therapy, and aquatic therapy. Specific studies demonstrating the effectiveness of treatments like tai chi, muscle energy technique, and perceptual rehabilitation are summarized.
The document discusses the biomechanics of the knee joint, including the tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint. It covers the articulating surfaces, degrees of freedom, ligaments, muscles, alignment and weight bearing forces of the knee. It also discusses normal patellar tracking in the trochlear groove during range of motion and the changing contact areas between the patella and femur through different degrees of flexion.
The document discusses the anatomy and biomechanics of the hip joint. It describes the ball and socket structure of the hip joint formed by the acetabulum and femoral head. It details the angles of the hip joint including the central edge angle and angle of anteversion. It discusses the muscles, ligaments, biomechanics including ranges of motion, and forces across the hip joint during activities like standing, walking, and squatting. Pathomechanics of conditions like hip fractures and dislocations are also mentioned.
Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis Specific Exercises (PSSE): Recent evidence for th...Nikos Karavidas
The recent high methodological quality studies (RCT's) have proved the effectiveness of the PSSE for the scoliosis treatment (Level of Evidence I). The international scientific societies SRS, SOSORT, AAP, AAOS, POSNA recognize that the PSSE can halt the progression of scoliosis and must be the first step of treatment in curves below 25 degrees
- The ACL originates on the lateral femoral condyle and inserts on the tibia, providing primary stability to prevent anterior tibial translation.
- Most ACL tears are non-contact injuries involving sudden deceleration, change of direction, or landing from a jump with the knee near full extension.
- Physical exam includes Lachman, anterior drawer, and pivot shift tests to assess knee stability. MRI is used to confirm ACL tear.
- Treatment options include conservative rehab for partial or low-grade tears or ACL reconstruction surgery using grafts like patellar tendon or hamstring tendons fixed with interference screws. Post-op rehab emphasizes early range of motion and weight bearing.
This document provides guidance on prescribing wheelchairs. It outlines the parts of a wheelchair, important considerations in evaluating patients, and goals of prescription. A proper evaluation involves medical history, physical exam, and functional assessment. Prescriptions are developed using tools like the SEAT checklist to address safety, comfort, and accommodation of needs over time. The goals of prescription include normalization of tone, improved function and mobility, and increased comfort and skin integrity.
The shoulder is a ball and socket joint located where the humerus, clavicle, and scapula meet. It is actually composed of four joints: the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, and scapulothoracic joints. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. Common shoulder conditions include fractures of the clavicle, scapula, or humerus; dislocations of the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, or glenohumeral joints; impingement syndrome; tendinitis; bursitis; rotator cuff tears; frozen shoulder; arthritis; and sprains and
Clinical Anatomy of The Upper Limb 2017 NEW.pptHarunMohamed7
This document summarizes common fractures and injuries around the clavicle, humerus, radius, and hand bones. It describes the location and mechanisms of fractures of the clavicle, proximal humerus, humeral shaft, distal humerus, and distal radius. It also discusses tendon injuries around the shoulder like rotator cuff tendinitis and supraspinatus tendon rupture. Other topics covered include tennis elbow, golfer's elbow, Volkmann's contracture, Dupuytren's contracture, and infections of the hand like felons.
This document provides an overview of rotator cuff injuries, including anatomy, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It describes how the rotator cuff is composed of four tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint. Rotator cuff tears occur when one or more of these tendons becomes damaged and can range from partial to full thickness. Symptoms may include shoulder pain that is worsened with movement. Diagnosis involves physical examination along with imaging tests like x-rays, MRI, or ultrasound. Treatment options include non-operative measures like medication and physical therapy or surgical repair if conservative treatment fails.
The document discusses shoulder pain and problems. It defines the anatomy of the shoulder including bones, joints, ligaments, muscles and tendons. It describes common shoulder problems such as dislocation, separation, bursitis, impingement syndrome, tendonitis, rotator cuff tears and fractures. Causes, diagnosis and treatment options are discussed which may include rest, physical therapy, medications and surgery.
The document discusses shoulder pain and problems. It defines the anatomy of the shoulder including bones, joints, ligaments, muscles and tendons. It describes common shoulder problems such as dislocation, separation, bursitis, impingement syndrome, tendonitis, rotator cuff tears and fractures. Causes, diagnosis and treatment options are discussed which may include rest, physical therapy, medications and surgery.
The document discusses shoulder pain and problems. It defines the anatomy of the shoulder including bones, joints, ligaments, muscles and tendons. It describes common shoulder problems such as dislocation, separation, bursitis, impingement syndrome, tendonitis, rotator cuff tears and fractures. Causes, diagnosis and treatment options are discussed which may include rest, physical therapy, medications and surgery.
Medical aspects of buttocks (gluteus maximus,gluteus medium,gluteus minimum)martinshaji
luteus maximus is the main extensor muscle of the hip. It is the largest and outermost of the three gluteal muscles and makes up a large part of the shape and appearance of each side of the hips.The gluteus maximus straighten the leg at the hip; when the leg is flexed at the hip, the gluteus maximus extends it to bring the leg into a straight line with the body.This study details about the anatomy, functions,clinical presentations , diseases associated,pain on the buttock region.
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The shoulder is a ball and joint connection of three bones - the clavicle, scapula, and humerus. It allows a wide range of motion but is stabilized by muscles like the rotator cuff. Common shoulder issues include rotator cuff tears, which can occur from age or overuse and cause pain and weakness, impingement syndrome from narrowing of spaces around tendons, and calcific tendinitis where calcium deposits form in tendons. Treatment ranges from rest, physiotherapy, and injections to surgery for severe or persistent cases.
This document discusses several common musculoskeletal disorders:
- Shoulder problems like pain are frequently caused by tendinitis, which is inflammation of the rotator cuff or biceps tendon, or shoulder impingement syndrome where the rotator cuff tendons are irritated as they pass through the subacromial space.
- Other issues mentioned include SLAP tears of the shoulder labrum, snapping hip syndrome, spinal decompression to relieve pinched nerves, spinal enthesopathy affecting the spine, and spondyloarthropathy which refers to any joint disease of the vertebral column.
16-Clinical Anatomy of The Upper Limb - Dr Akalanka Jayasinghe.pdfDilankaMadhushan1
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the upper limb, including bones, joints, muscles, vasculature and common injuries. It describes the key bones of the upper limb - clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna and bones of the hand. Important joints like the shoulder, elbow and wrist are discussed. Common fractures at various bone locations and their clinical implications are summarized. The document also touches on development of the upper limb buds and various congenital limb abnormalities.
A hand fracture is a break in one of the bones in the hand, including the small finger bones (phalanges) and long palm bones (metacarpals). Common causes are falls, crush injuries, or sports impacts. Treatment options include casting, splinting, or surgery using pins, plates or screws to stabilize the fracture. Complications can include stiffness or deformity of fingers. Specific types of fractures include boxer's fractures of the pinky knuckle, Bennett fractures of the thumb base, and fractures of the finger bone bases (Busch fractures). Wrist fractures include breaks of the scaphoid bone which can lead to avascular necrosis if missed.
In this i have covered the different sports injuries of upper extremities, their causes and their orthotic management.
Helpful for those, who are in the field of P & O.
This document summarizes key bones and joints of the upper and lower limbs. It describes the shoulder joint, common injuries like shoulder dislocation, and conditions such as painful arc syndrome. For the lower limb, it outlines bones of the hip, knee, leg and foot and common injuries including fractures, dislocations, genu varum and valgum, and patella dislocations. It also discusses ankle injuries, fractures of the calcaneus, talus and metatarsals, and conditions such as hallux valgus.
The upper limb bones include the pectoral girdle (clavicle and scapula), humerus of the arm, radius and ulna of the forearm, carpal bones of the wrist, and metacarpals and phalanges of the hand. The clavicle connects the upper limb to the trunk and allows for free movement. The scapula forms the shoulder joint with its glenoid cavity. The humerus is the largest bone and connects to the radius and ulna at the elbow. The forearm bones connect to the carpal bones at the wrist. The metacarpals connect to the phalanges to form the fingers. Each bone has specific features and artic
This document provides information on many common sports injuries organized by body part. It describes the most frequent ankle injuries like ankle sprains and Achilles tendon ruptures. It also covers knee injuries, injuries to the thigh, hip, lower back, shoulders and injuries associated with the elbow, wrist, hand and fingers. For each injury, it lists symptoms and potential treatments.
This document describes the anatomy of the upper limb, including bones, joints, muscles, nerves and vasculature. It provides details on the boundaries, bones and fractures of the upper limb. It discusses the origins, insertions and actions of muscles that move the shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist and hand. It describes the rotator cuff muscles, common injuries like tennis elbow and fractures of the scaphoid bone and supracondylar humerus. The document concludes with an overview of the arteries of the upper limb including the axillary, brachial, radial and ulnar arteries and their branches.
The document summarizes the anatomy, physiology, and common injuries of the shoulder joint. It describes the bones that make up the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle, scapula, and humerus. It discusses the ball-and-socket structure of the glenohumeral joint and muscles that control shoulder movement. Common shoulder issues like rotator cuff tears, dislocations, fractures, and arthritis are explained. Treatment options covered include rest, ice, medication, physical therapy, and in some cases surgery.
The document summarizes common shoulder injuries and disorders. It describes:
1) The anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder complex and how movement relies on dynamic stabilization between the humerus and scapula.
2) Common injuries include fractures of the clavicle or humerus, sprains of the AC joint from direct impact, and anterior dislocations from forced arm positions.
3) Rotator cuff tears are also common and can cause pain in the arc of motion under the acromion. Frozen shoulder causes severe pain and stiffness from capsular inflammation.
Radial Tunnel Syndrome Can Further Cause Of Elbow Arthritis & StiffnessJeffBudoff
The wrist and hand suffers many symptoms associated with the several tunnels that tendons, nerves, and blood vessels pass through. One of the many symptoms is Radial tunnel syndrome that one suffers due to an increased pressure on the radial nerve running by the bones and muscles of the forearm and elbow.
The knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three joints within a single synovial cavity: the medial and lateral condylar joints between the femur and tibia, and the patellofemoral joint between the patella and femur. The knee joint is supported by ligaments such as the ACL and PCL, as well as menisci. Osteoarthritis is a common condition affecting the knee joint, characterized by the progressive destruction of articular cartilage and new bone growth, leading to pain and stiffness. It results from an imbalance between mechanical stress on the cartilage and its ability to withstand that stress.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
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Article: https://pecb.com/article
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
2. The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint. It is the major joint connecting the upper
limb to the trunk. The shoulder is located where the humerus, clavicle, and scapula
meet. The shoulder actually has four joints:
The sternoclavicular joint is located where the clavicle meets the sternum at the
top of the chest.
The acromioclavicular joint is located where the clavicle glides along the
scapula’s acromion. The acromioclavicular joint facilitates raising the arm over
the head.
The glenohumeral joint is what most people think of as the shoulder joint. It’s
the major joint in the shoulder, where the head of the humerus nestles into a
rounded socket of the scapula called the glenoid.
The scapulothoracic joint is sometimes considered a joint. It is located where the
scapula glides against the thoracic rib cage at the back of the body. No ligaments
connect the bones at this joint.
3. The shoulder is the most movable joint in your body. To remain in a stable or
normal position, the shoulder must be anchored by muscles, tendons, and
ligaments. Four of them are found on the anterior aspect of the shoulder,
whereas the rest are located on the shoulder’s posterior aspect and in the back.
Based on their location, the shoulder muscles are grouped into:
Anterior shoulder muscles (thoraco-appendicular muscles): Anterior
shoulder muscles, also called the pectoral muscles. These muscles include
the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius and the serratus anterior
muscle.
Posterior shoulder muscles (scapulo-humeral muscles): The posterior
shoulder muscles are divided into two groups: extrinsic and intrinsic.
• The Extrinsic muscles are further subdivided into superficial
(trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscle), and deep layers (levator
scapulae and rhomboid muscles).
• The intrinsic muscles include the deltoid, teres major and the
muscles of the rotator cuff.
5. 1. FRACTURE
Fracture of clavicle
Common fracture at all age groups, usually results from a fall on the shoulder
or sometimes on an out stretched hand.
Most common site is the outer-third of the clavicle, usually displaced.
Symptoms include pain, swelling, crepitus, Tenderness, Bruising, bulge on or
near your shoulder, grinding or crackling sound when you try to move your
shoulder, Stiffness or inability to move your shoulder
Radiological findings: In most instances, the fracture is evident clinically and
easily identified on radiographs. It is common for clavicle fractures to be
displaced due to a combination of the weight of the upper limb pulling the
distal fragment down and the sternocleidomastoid pulling the medial
fragment upwards.
6. Fracture of scapula
It is less common and recover well without much treatment.
Most often it is undisplaced fracture. It usually results from a
direct or crushing injury or fall on the shoulder or on the
outstretched hand.
The scapula maybe fractured through:
the body
the neck
the spine of scapula
the coracoid process
7. Fracture of the humerus
There are three types of humerus fracture, depending on the location of
the break:
Proximal: A proximal humerus fracture is a break in the upper part of
your humerus near your shoulder.
Mid-shaft: A mid-shaft humerus fracture is a break in the middle of
your humerus.
Distal: Distal humerus fractures occur near your elbow. This type is
usually part of a more complex elbow injury and sometimes involves
loose bone fragments.
SYMPTOMS INCLUDE: Swelling, Bruising, Tenderness to the touch,
Stiffness, A feeling of instability in the joint as if your elbow is going to
"pop out", In rare cases, the fractured bone may stick out of the skin
(open fracture).
8. Proximal humeral fracture:
Proximal humerus fractures are common
fractures often seen in older patients with
osteoporotic bone following a ground-level fall
on an outstretched arm. The parts that most
commonly produce fracture are the humeral
head, the greater and lesser tuberosities, and
the surgical neck
Distal humeral fracture
Distal humerus fractures are traumatic
injuries to the elbow that comprise of
supracondylar fractures, single column
fractures, column fractures or coronal shear
fractures.
Mid-shaft fracture
Midshaft humeral fractures usually occur
due to a direct blow to the upper arm, which
commonly results from falls, motor vehicle
accidents, or motorcycle accidents. In the
elderly, this fracture can also occur due to a
fall on an outstretched arm.
9. Fracture of greater tuberosity of humerus
It is of 2 types:
Contusion fracture of the greater tuberosity: a fall on the side of the
shoulder results in a comminated fracture of the greater tuberosity.
A direct blow to the side of the shoulder can also cause this injury.
Avulsion fracture of the greater tuberosity: results from a fall on
the outstretched hand. Contraction of the supraspinatus tendon
against resistance causes avulsion of a small fragment of the bone
which may or may not be displaced from its original position.
10. Glenohumeral joint dislocation
The shoulder joint is the body's most mobile joint. It can turn in many directions, but this
advantage also makes the shoulder an easy joint to dislocate.
Shoulder dislocations are of two types:
1. A Partial dislocation (subluxation): The head of the humerus bone is partially dislocated
from the socket, meaning part of the humerus comes out of the ball and socket joint and the
other part still fixated in the joint.
2. Complete dislocation: In this type of injury, the humerus bone comes off entirely from
the socket.
Both partial and complete dislocation cause grinding sort of pain and restricts the movement
of the shoulder. Sometimes a dislocation may tear ligaments or tendons in the shoulder or
damage nerves. The shoulder joint can dislocate forward, backward, or downward. A
common type of shoulder dislocation is when the shoulder slips forward (anterior
instability).
11. The symptoms of a dislocated shoulder include:
• Severe shoulder pain
• Swelling and bruising of your shoulder or upper arm
• Numbness and/or weakness in your arm, neck, hand, or fingers
• Trouble moving your arm
• Your arm seems to be out of place
• Muscle spasms in and around your shoulder
There are 3 types:
• Anterior
• Posterior
• Inferior
12. Dislocation of sterno-clavicular joint
It is a rare injury that occurs following a major road accident, the mechanism of injury is lateral compression of the shoulder or a direct blow to the
chest. The displacement can be anterior (common) or posterior.
13. Dislocation of acromio-clavicular joint
This injury occurs from a fall on the shoulder with impact on its outer side. There is tenderness and swelling of the joint. It is an
Uncommon injury, caused by fall on outer prominence of the shoulder.
14. Shoulder impingement occurs when the acromion, rubs against (“impinges on”) or pinches your rotator cuff beneath it, causing pain and
irritation. Rubbing of the rotator cuff tendons result in swelling, which further narrows the space below the acromion. In some cases, bone spurs
on the acromion bone can contribute to impingement by causing the space where the rotator cuff sits to be even more narrowed.
Symptoms of shoulder impingement syndrome include:
Pain when your arms are extended above your head.
Pain when lifting your arm, lowering your arm from a raised position or when reaching.
Pain and tenderness in the front of your shoulder.
Pain that moves from the front of your shoulder to the side of your arm.
Pain when lying on the affected side.
Pain or achiness at night, which affects your ability to sleep.
Pain when reaching behind your back, like reaching into a back pocket or zipping up a zipper.
Shoulder and/or arm weakness and stiffness.
Symptoms usually develop gradually over weeks to months
15. Tendinitis is the severe swelling of a tendon. Tendinitis usually happens after repeated injury to
an area. Shoulder tendinitis occurs as a result of sports injuries, by repetitive use or overuse of
the tendons, or from a sudden, more serious injury. Shoulder tendonitis is an inflammation of
your rotator cuff or biceps tendon. Your rotator cuff consists of the muscles and tendons in your
shoulder. They connect your upper arm bone to your shoulder blade.
Your injury may range from mild to severe inflammation of most of your rotator cuff. When
your rotator cuff tendon gets inflamed and thickened, it is also called rotator cuff tendonitis.
Your rotator cuff tendon may get trapped under the top bone of your shoulder (acromion). It is
formed by a part of your shoulder blade (the scapula)Tendons are flexible bands of tissue that
connect muscles to bones. They help your muscles move your bones.
Improper technique in any sport is one of the primary causes of overload on tissues including
tendons, which can contribute to tendinitis. It causes pain and soreness around a joint. Some
common forms of tendinitis are named after the sports that increase their risk.
16. A bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between a bone and other
moving parts, such as muscles, tendons, or skin. Bursitis occurs when a bursa
becomes inflamed. People get bursitis by overusing a joint. It can also be caused
by an injury. It usually occurs at the knee or elbow. Doing the same kinds of
movements every day or putting stress on joints increases your risk.
Symptoms of bursitis include pain and swelling.
17. Rotator cuff injuries can range from mild to severe. They tend to fall into one of two categories: acute or chronic. Tendinitis (acute) or
tendinopathy (chronic) is typically caused by overuse of the rotator cuff muscle. This causes it to become irritated. The tendons that connect
muscles to bones can overstretch (strain) or tear, partially or completely.
The rotator cuff is a commonly injured area. The most common injuries are strains, tears, and tendinitis. Common rotator cuff injury symptoms
include:
significant pain that causes you to avoid certain activities
pain or tenderness when reaching overhead
trouble reaching behind the back
difficulty reaching out to the side
progressive weakness of the shoulder
pain in the shoulder, especially at night
difficulty sleeping on the affected shoulder
18. Frozen shoulder is the common name for adhesive capsulitis, which is a shoulder condition that limits your range of motion. When the tissues in your
shoulder joint become thicker and tighter, scar tissue develops over time. As a result, your shoulder joint doesn’t have enough space to rotate properly.
Common symptoms include:
swelling
pain
stiffness
19. Shoulder arthritis is damage to the cartilage inside the shoulder joint. When the
cartilage in the shoulder begins to break down on the surface and eventually in the
deeper layers, it’s called shoulder arthritis. Shoulder arthritis usually results from
gradual wear and tear of the cartilage. Cartilage is present in every joint in the body; it
covers the surface of the bones inside the joints. This makes the contact between bones
softer. If the cartilage is intact, it can take multiple rotations with no wear of the
surface because it’s smooth.
There are several different forms of shoulder arthritis. Main 2 types are:
Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder: Osteoarthritis is also known as degenerative joint
disease. It is often associated with wear and tear related to aging. It can also affect
other joints besides the shoulder and is the most common form of arthritis.
Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Shoulder: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune
disorder, which means your body attacks your own healthy cells, which may include
the lining of the joint. This inflammatory arthritis can be present in both shoulders at
the same time.
20. Sprain: it is a stretched or torn ligament. Falling, twisting, or getting hit can all cause a sprain. Ankle and wrist sprains are common.
Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, and being unable to move your joint. You might feel a pop or tear when the injury
happens.
Strain: it is a stretched or torn muscle or tendon. Twisting or pulling these can cause a strain. Strains can happen suddenly or develop
over time. Back and hamstring muscle strains are common. Many people get strains playing sports. Symptoms include pain, muscle
spasms, swelling, and trouble moving the muscle.