Shah Mohamma

1. Name : Minhaj uddin Rahimi
Class: 5s1
Sec: D
Roll/no: 1
Guiden teacher : Dr.Yaqub
“shenwari”
Assignment: Shoulder

3. Anatomy
The shoulder joint is made up several bones and soft
tissues. It has three bones, the collarbone (clavicle),
scapula, and humerus. Humerus provides attachment to
muscles of the upper arm. Scapula is the bone that
connects the upper arm bone with the collarbone.

4. Physiology
The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint between the scapula and the
humerus. The socket of the glenoid fossa of the scapula is itself quite shallow, but
it is made deeper by the addition of the glenoid labrum. The glenoid labrum is a
ring of cartilaginous fibre attached to the circumference of the cavity.
Innervation
The nerves supplying the shoulder joint all arise in the brachial plexus. They are
the suprascapular nerve, the axillary nerve and the lateral pectoral nerve.
Blood supply
The shoulder joint is supplied with blood by branches of
the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries, the suprascapular
artery and the scapular circumflex artery

6. The Shoulder Girdle
The three bones which form the shoulder girdle are
the clavicle, scapula, and humerus.
The Scapula (or shoulder blade)
This scapula is an attachment site for muscles which support and
stabilise shoulder movement. It sits at the back of the shoulder, over
the 2nd – 7th ribs and tilts forward at a 30° angle.
It is encased by 17 muscles which provide control and stabilisation
against the thoracic wall (the ribcage). This is sometimes referred to
as the Scapulothoracic joint, although it is not technically an actual
joint.
The scapula has a shallow fossa (socket) on its lateral (outside) edge
into which the head of the humerus fits. The humerus and fossa form
the glenohumeral joint.

7. The Clavicle (collar-bone)
The clavicle is an S-shaped bone and is the main connection
between the upper arm and the rest of the skeleton.
Consequently, the clavicle is also an important site for
muscle attachments including:
•Pectoralis Major
•Trapezius
•Sternocleidomastoid
•Sternohyoid
•Subclavius
The Humerus (upper arm bone)
The humerus is the upper arm bone. The head of the
humerus is the ball of the ball and socket joint at the
shoulder. The head fits into the glenoid fossa of the
scapula.

8. Shoulder joint
The most important aspect of the shoulder is the large
range of movement
There are three main joints
•Glenohumeral Joint (GHJ)
•Acromioclavicular Joint (ACJ)
•Sternoclavicular Joint (SCJ
It is also important to consider another ‘joint’ which is
important in shoulder movement:
•Scapulothoracic Joint

9. Shoulder muscles
The four rotator cuff muscles include the
Supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

10. shoulder girdle muscles
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
the deltoids trapezius
the serratus anterior

11. Types of movement in shoulder joint
Adduction
Abduction
Flexion
Extension
internal rotation
external rotation
360° circumduction in the sagittal plane.

12. Normal range motion of shulder
referred to as internal rotation or medial rotation that is of 70—90 degree

13. ligaments of shoulder joint
coracohumeral ligament and the
glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle
and inferior)

14. Common Pathology of the Shoulder
Damage can occur after trauma such as a fall onto
the arm, and they can also be damaged gradually
as we age. Damage will result in a tear, which may
be partial or a full thickness tear. Pain from a
rotator cuff injury is common at night and can
radiate down the arm

15. Disease of shoulder and joints
Arthritis is damage to the cartilage in
joints. Shoulder arthritis occurs when the cartilage
starts wearing down on the ball and/or socket
sides of the shoulder joint. Symptoms of shoulder
arthritis may include pain in the shoulder joint,
stiffness and reduced range of motion.

16. Common problems include:
•Sprains and strains.
•Dislocations.
•Separations.
•Tendinitis.
•Bursitis.
•Torn rotator cuffs.
•Frozen shoulder.
•Fractures (broken bones

17. Common Injuries of the Shoulder
•Shoulder instability. Shoulder instability happens most often in
young people and athletes
•Rotator cuff tear. The rotator cuff is a group of 4 muscles of the
upper arm
•Frozen shoulder. This extreme stiffness in the shoulder can happen
at any age
•Overuse/strains
•Arthritis

18. Shoulder Fracture Treatment Options
•Icing.
•Immobilization with an arm sling or wrap while bones
heal.
•Oral medications to help alleviate pain.
•Physical therapy and range-of-motion exercises (to begin
once the bones have started to heal and under the close
supervision of a physical therapist)

19. Treatment and management
Home Care
•Put ice on the shoulder area for 15 minutes, then leave it off for
15 minutes. Do this 3 to 4 times a day for 2 to 3 days
•Rest shoulder for the next few days
•Slowly return to regular activities
•Taking ibuprofen or acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) may help
reduce inflammation and pain.
FIRST AID: Put an ice pack on it to reduce bleeding,
swelling, and pain

20. Orthopedic treatment and surgery
surgeons will perform bone grafting and repair of soft tissues such as
ligaments and tendons. In some severe fracture cases, the shoulder will
require a joint replacement