Shoestring2014 9-sapflow

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Does Wollastonite Make Trees More Thirsty? Measuring Sap Flow Sophie Harrison, Shoestring Crew 2014, University of Michigan

Environment

Background
• Hubbard Brook whole-watershed transpiration
response to wollastonite (CaSiO3) addition:
mechanisms unclear (Green et al. 2013)
• MELNHE wollastonite plots established in 2011
with aim to clarify
• Measuring sap flow is one method to estimate
transpiration (Granier, 1987)

Background
• Preliminary sap flow measurements from HB Ca suggest
increased transpiration in wollastonite treatment (Zahor
et al. 2013)

Research Question
• Does a wollastonite addition increase tree
transpiration?
• Expect that it does, possibly due to increased
xylem and fine root growth
• Alternatively, sap flow measurements could
reflect the transition to decreased transpiration
observed in W1 (Green et al. 2013)

Methods
• Sap flow measured by the Granier method: reference probe 10 cm
below thermocouple heating probe with constant source of heat,
measures temperature difference (ΔT) (Granier, 1987)
• Measurements collected by data logger every 30 seconds, average
recorded every 15 minutes
• ΔT is converted to sapflux (Js, g x m2 x s-1) using BaseLiner
software (Oren and Parashkevov, 2012)
(Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry)

Methods
• Sap flow to be measured in
wollastonite and control
plots at mature stands in
Bartlett Experimental Forest
(C8), Hubbard Brook
Experimental Forest (Ca)
and Jeffers Brook
• 9 canopy trees measured
per plot: 3 American beech,
3 sugar maple and 3 yellow
birch
• Measurements collected for
~5 days per stand

Results
25
20
15
10
5
0
Bartlett C8
171.5 172 172.5 173 173.5 174 174.5 175 175.5 176 176.5 177
Sapflux (Js, g x m2 x s-1)
Ordinal Date and Time
C8 Control AB
C8 Control SM
C8 Control YB
C8 Ca AB
C8 Ca SM
C8 Ca YB

Results
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
12:00 AM 4:48 AM 9:36 AM 2:24 PM 7:12 PM 12:00 AM 4:48 AM
Sapflux (Js, g x m2 x s-1)
C8 Yellow Birch 1 (CaSiO3)
YB1
• Example of a representative diurnal curve

CaSiO3
Control
• Within species, more
variation across trees
than across
treatments
25
20
15
10
5
0
12:00 AM 4:48 AM 9:36 AM 2:24 PM 7:12 PM12:00 AM 4:48 AM
Sapflux (Js, g x m2 x s-1)
C8 American Beech
AB1
AB4
AB5
AB6
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
12:00 AM 4:48 AM 9:36 AM 2:24 PM 7:12 PM 12:00 AM4:48 AM
Sapflux (Js, g x m2 x s-1)
C8 Sugar Maple
SM1
SM3
SM4
SM5
SM6
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
12:00 AM 4:48 AM 9:36 AM 2:24 PM 7:12 PM 12:00 AM 4:48 AM
Sapflux (Js, g x m2 x s-1)
C8 Yellow Birch
YB1
YB2
YB3
YB4
YB5
YB6

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
12:00 AM 4:48 AM 9:36 AM 2:24 PM 7:12 PM 12:00 AM4:48 AM
Sapflux (Js, g x m2 x s-1)
HB Sugar Maple
SM2
SM3
SM4
SM5
SM6
25
20
15
10
5
0
12:00 AM 4:48 AM 9:36 AM 2:24 PM 7:12 PM12:00 AM 4:48 AM
Sapflux (Js, g x m2 x s-1)
HB American Beech
AB1
AB3
AB4
AB5
AB6
25
20
15
10
5
0
12:00 AM 4:48 AM 9:36 AM 2:24 PM 7:12 PM 12:00 AM 4:48 AM
Sapflux (Js, g x m2 x s-1)
HB Yellow Birch
YB1
YB3
YB5
YB6
CaSiO3
Control
• Within species, more
variation across trees
than across
treatments

Conclusion
• No apparent trends in sapflux between
treatments, individual trees highly
variable
• Solid dataset to work with that will help
direct future sap flow efforts

Future Work
• Reevaluate methods: increase sample
size and consider additional factors in
analysis
• Take sap flow measurements from Jeffers
Brook, then return to Bartlett C8 and
Hubbard Brook for the remainder of the
field season
• Develop a statistical model to determine
significance

References & Acknowledgements
• Granier, A. (1987). Evaluation of transpiration in a Douglas-fir stand by means of
sap flow measurements. Tree Physiology 3: 309-320.
• Green, M.B., et al. (2013). Decreased water flowing from a forest amended with
calcium silicate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
110(15):5999-6003.
• Oren, Parashkevov, & Duke University. (2012). BaseLiner (Version 2.4.2)
http://ch2oecology.env.duke.edu/orenlab/sofware.html
• Michele Pruyn
• Mariann Johnston
• Mark Green
• Ruth Yanai
• Adam Wild, our glorious leader
• Shoestring Crew

This document discusses a study measuring the effect of wollastonite (CaSiO3) addition on tree transpiration. Sap flow was measured in American beech, sugar maple, and yellow birch trees using the Granier method in control and wollastonite plots across three sites: Bartlett Experimental Forest, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, and Jeffers Brook. Preliminary results found increased sap flow in the Bartlett and Jeffers Brook wollastonite plots but decreased flow in Hubbard Brook. Statistical analysis will be done to further analyze the effects. The goal is to understand how CaSiO3 impacts forest hydrology and health with regards to acid rain to inform management practices.

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This document summarizes research on the effects of calcium (Ca), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) additions on tree transpiration rates. The research found that: 1) A 2014 study found that a one-time addition of calcium silicate (CaSiO3) increased transpiration over the control plots, especially for yellow birch trees. Transpiration rates also varied between tree species and sites. 2) A 2015 study found that adding phosphorus (P) alone decreased transpiration rates in white birch trees compared to other treatments. 3) Overall, the research suggests that calcium and phosphorus can impact forest transpiration rates, with calcium increasing and phosphorus decreasing transpiration

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melnhe

1) The document analyzes data from two studies to quantify stocks of downed dead wood in northern hardwood forest stands of different ages. 2) Thirteen forest stands ages 31-145 years old were inventoried for coarse and fine woody debris using line intersect and nested subplot sampling. 3) The primary objective is to distinguish the characteristics of woody debris corresponding to different successional stages in northern hardwood forests.

Litterfall and soil respiration fluxes in the MELNHE study. Thomas Mann

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This document summarizes a study examining how soil respiration and litterfall in northern hardwood forests are controlled by nutrient availability. The study measured soil CO2 fluxes and collected fine litterfall from treatment plots with different nitrogen and phosphorus additions across 13 forest stands from 2008-2019. Preliminary results found that nitrogen addition lowered soil respiration in nitrogen-poor sites from 2011-2013. While apparent trends were observed, the authors note that statistical analysis is still needed and fertilization effects on litterfall may be more complicated. Next steps include further statistical analysis and exploring why nutrient additions did not significantly impact soil respiration rates.

N-P co-limitation in young northern hardwood forest. Tim Fahey

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1) The document discusses nitrogen, phosphorus, and fine roots in young northern hardwood stands. 2) It presents the hypothesis that growth of new fine roots in these stands may be co-limited by balanced mineral nutrition of nitrogen and phosphorus. 3) A factorial experiment using ingrowth cores found that fine root growth and biomass increased at the plot level in response to the addition of both nitrogen and phosphorus, but not from the addition of only one nutrient.

Fine dining: root morphology, mycorrhizal colonization, and nutrient amendmen...

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This document discusses an experimental study that examined the effects of nutrient amendments on mycorrhizal colonization and root morphology in red maple seedlings. The study predicted that nitrogen amendments would decrease vesicles in roots, phosphorus amendments would increase coil structures, and root morphology would vary depending on mycorrhizal colonization and structures under each treatment type. It then describes the experimental design, data collection process involving root processing and staining, and analysis of mycorrhizal colonization and root morphology.

Could co-limitation be caused by different nutrients limiting shoots and root...

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(1) The MELNHE study examines nutrient co-limitation of forest productivity across 13 forest stands of different ages located in three sites. Fertilization experiments add nitrogen, phosphorus, or both to test for co-limitation. (2) So far, tree growth has been found to be primarily limited by phosphorus rather than nitrogen or co-limitation. (3) A new study tested whether root growth is directly limited by nitrogen or phosphorus availability, or responds to aboveground nutrient allocation. Fine root growth responded directly to nitrogen addition but not phosphorus addition, and roots foraged more in phosphorus-rich patches.

Sugar maple leaf characteristics vary with depth in the crown and nutrient ad...

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This document summarizes a study that examined how the physical, chemical, and metabolic characteristics of sugar maple leaves vary with their depth in the tree crown and with the addition of nutrients. The study found that foliar nitrogen and chlorophyll increased deeper in the crown and with nitrogen addition, while foliar phosphorus increased with phosphorus addition. The study concludes that most leaves are shaded rather than just "sun" or "shade" leaves, and that examining the vertical gradient in a tree crown can help reveal relationships between leaf characteristics and nutrients.

The timing of senescence affects foliar p resorption dan hong

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This document discusses a study on the timing of senescence and its effects on foliar phosphorus (P) resorption. The study (1) examined how foliar concentration and resorption of P and other nutrients varied with N, P, and N+P additions and between species, and (2) investigated whether the timing of senescence affected foliar resorption with nutrient additions. Field collections of green leaves and litter were made over multiple dates in the fall. Results showed adding N increased foliar N but decreased foliar P, while adding P increased foliar P. P resorption efficiency was lower under P additions and proceeded over the course of the fall.

Space wars the fight for light in the stands of bartlett sarah congress

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This document discusses using LiDAR to map and quantify forest canopy structure within stands at Bartlett, Hubbard Brook, and Jeffers Brook. The first steps are to create maps of the tree canopy and describe the position of each species. Field data on species heights is collected along transects and recorded. Next steps are to combine LiDAR and field data to create species-specific vegetation area index profiles and determine if treatments have affected species dominance or position in the canopy.

Having a stake in nutrient cycling effects of n and p addition on wood decay...

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In a 3-year pilot study, researchers placed sugar maple wood stakes in forest stands to examine the effects of adding nitrogen, phosphorus, both nutrients, and a control on wood decay. Over 273 stakes were distributed across plots with different nutrient additions or a control at 3 sites. The stakes will be collected and analyzed to determine percent mass loss over the study period, with future analysis of nutrients, soil microbes, and their role in wood decay.

Fruiting response of ectomycorrhizal fungi to nutrient additions claudia vi...

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Collecting fungal sporocarps allows researchers to survey the effects of nutrient additions on mycorrhizal fungi fitness over a larger area than soil samples alone. The study aims to determine how ectomycorrhizal sporocarp abundance and fungal community composition vary with nitrogen, phosphorus, and combined nutrient additions and between seasons. Over 4,000 sporocarps from 35 genera and 160 morphospecies were collected and will be identified using genetic techniques to analyze impacts of nutrient manipulations.

Does the fate of n depend on p availability in soil - samuel butler

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This document discusses using an N15 experiment to determine if the fate of nitrogen (N) in soil depends on the availability of phosphorus (P). Previous research found that adding phosphorus suppresses resin-available nitrogen in soils. Additional studies showed that trees grew more in response to added phosphorus in mid-aged and old growth forests, but responded more to added nitrogen in younger forests. The proposed experiment would use the N15 isotope to trace nitrogen pathways through soil organic matter, plant roots, the microbial biomass, and mineral soil.

Belowground c allocation estimated as soil respiration minus aboveground litt...

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This document summarizes a study estimating belowground carbon allocation in forests by measuring soil respiration and aboveground litter inputs over multiple years. The researchers found that nitrogen decreases soil respiration and likely belowground carbon allocation, while phosphorus decreases leaf litter production. Preliminary results suggest phosphorus may matter more for aboveground growth while nitrogen affects belowground processes to a greater degree.

Baby boomers are there any surviving germinants from the recent mast year -...

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The document discusses a study examining how nutrient treatments affect germination rates and seedling survival of American beech and sugar maple. The study had three hypotheses: 1) germination and survival of maple would be highest with calcium addition; 2) germination and survival of beech would reflect limitation of nitrogen or phosphorus; and 3) survival may reflect nutritional value of seedlings. Methods involved counting germinants and seedlings in nutrient treatment plots over two years. Results showed beech germination increased with nitrogen and phosphorus addition, while maple decreased. Seedling survival decreased with nitrogen and phosphorus addition but increased with calcium addition, with no difference between nitrogen and phosphorus effects.

And you thought there were no earthworms in our forests

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Intro for asm workshop see

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This document provides information about an upcoming workshop on quantifying uncertainty in monitoring. It includes: - Details on presenters who will discuss topics like taxonomy of uncertainty, examples from NEON, detecting differences from rain gauge and mercury monitoring data, and measuring uncertainty in the Forest Inventory and Analysis. - An agenda that will include introductions from participants, five minute presentations followed by discussion, and a general discussion on how the workshop helped and what further assistance is needed. - Information on current practices in reporting uncertainty from ecosystem studies, including a survey that identified major sources of uncertainty and how respondents report, understand, and view the importance of different sources.

Asm2018 7 young

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Forest inventory crews were analyzed to determine measurement errors in tree diameter. The study found bias may exist due to penalties for observations more than one class off. While measurement error magnitude was identified, the most uncertain measurements may not be the most important to improve. Propagating the errors into forest inventory data product calculations like timber volume and carbon storage will show which measurements are most important to improve.

Asm2018 6 dietze

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The document discusses Pecan Project's uncertainty analysis for LTER ASM 2018. It analyzes parameter uncertainty and sensitivity, and outputs uncertainty through trait meta-analysis, iterative Bayesian calibration, and variance decomposition. Key findings include growth respiration and root water uptake being highly sensitive, and stomatal conductance variability differing between conifer and hardwood species and latitudes. The analysis aims to characterize, propagate, analyze, and reduce uncertainties.

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