(1) The MELNHE study examines nutrient co-limitation of forest productivity across 13 forest stands of different ages located in three sites. Fertilization experiments add nitrogen, phosphorus, or both to test for co-limitation. (2) So far, tree growth has been found to be primarily limited by phosphorus rather than nitrogen or co-limitation. (3) A new study tested whether root growth is directly limited by nitrogen or phosphorus availability, or responds to aboveground nutrient allocation. Fine root growth responded directly to nitrogen addition but not phosphorus addition, and roots foraged more in phosphorus-rich patches.