There were few earthworms found at Bartlett but many earthworms were found at Jeffers Brook. Plots at Jeffers Brook with added nitrogen had fewer earthworms, while plots with added calcium had more earthworms.
The document contains sheet music for the wedding march by Dérico Berté Filho. It includes musical notation for the piece including staff, time signature, key signature, tempo markings, and notes. The piece is arranged for piano or organ.
This short document discusses a spelling lesson that includes several words with multiple meanings such as "land", "fast", "catch", and "back". The lesson encourages asking about and learning the different definitions of words that have more than one meaning.
Distinguishing N and P addition from the air using imaging spectroscopy. Alex...melnhe
This document discusses using imaging spectroscopy and field studies to distinguish between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions from the air. It finds that N addition reduced reflectance by producing more chlorophyll and absorbing more light, while P addition increased reflectance. When a model was trained on treatment classes (control, N, P, N+P) for 75% of plots, it predicted the other 25% of plots with 83% accuracy. Field measurements of resin-available N and P in soil aligned with clustering of tree-top spectra responses to nutrients. This indicates trees can act as remote signals of belowground nutrient availability and function.
Germinants: The next generation. Denise Rauschendorfermelnhe
The document summarizes multiple studies on germinants conducted by different researchers from 2012 to 2020. It includes population density studies of American beech and sugar maple from 2012, 2018, and 2020 by Denise Rauschendorfer, Shinjini Goswami, and Thomas Mann. It also summarizes seedling survival data collected by Shinjini Goswami, seedling light availability studies, and stem mapping works created by Alex Young using data from previous and present studies. The document is funded by USDA NIFA and NSF, and more information can be found at the provided website.
Mycorrhizal type and co-limitation of forest productivity. Noah Blumenthalmelnhe
This study investigated how the two types of mycorrhizal associations in northern hardwood forests (arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal) influence nutrient limitations and forest productivity. The researchers measured annual stem growth in mature forest stands between 2015-2019. They found that nutrient additions of nitrogen and phosphorus had interactive effects on productivity, suggesting co-limitation, and this effect was stronger for arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species than ectomycorrhizal species. They concluded the greater relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal trees promotes nutrient co-limitation in mature northern hardwood forests.
Grow with the changes: Forest succession and woody debris. Joe Nashmelnhe
1) The document analyzes data from two studies to quantify stocks of downed dead wood in northern hardwood forest stands of different ages.
2) Thirteen forest stands ages 31-145 years old were inventoried for coarse and fine woody debris using line intersect and nested subplot sampling.
3) The primary objective is to distinguish the characteristics of woody debris corresponding to different successional stages in northern hardwood forests.
Litterfall and soil respiration fluxes in the MELNHE study. Thomas Mannmelnhe
This document summarizes a study examining how soil respiration and litterfall in northern hardwood forests are controlled by nutrient availability. The study measured soil CO2 fluxes and collected fine litterfall from treatment plots with different nitrogen and phosphorus additions across 13 forest stands from 2008-2019. Preliminary results found that nitrogen addition lowered soil respiration in nitrogen-poor sites from 2011-2013. While apparent trends were observed, the authors note that statistical analysis is still needed and fertilization effects on litterfall may be more complicated. Next steps include further statistical analysis and exploring why nutrient additions did not significantly impact soil respiration rates.
N-P co-limitation in young northern hardwood forest. Tim Faheymelnhe
1) The document discusses nitrogen, phosphorus, and fine roots in young northern hardwood stands.
2) It presents the hypothesis that growth of new fine roots in these stands may be co-limited by balanced mineral nutrition of nitrogen and phosphorus.
3) A factorial experiment using ingrowth cores found that fine root growth and biomass increased at the plot level in response to the addition of both nitrogen and phosphorus, but not from the addition of only one nutrient.
The document contains sheet music for the wedding march by Dérico Berté Filho. It includes musical notation for the piece including staff, time signature, key signature, tempo markings, and notes. The piece is arranged for piano or organ.
This short document discusses a spelling lesson that includes several words with multiple meanings such as "land", "fast", "catch", and "back". The lesson encourages asking about and learning the different definitions of words that have more than one meaning.
Distinguishing N and P addition from the air using imaging spectroscopy. Alex...melnhe
This document discusses using imaging spectroscopy and field studies to distinguish between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions from the air. It finds that N addition reduced reflectance by producing more chlorophyll and absorbing more light, while P addition increased reflectance. When a model was trained on treatment classes (control, N, P, N+P) for 75% of plots, it predicted the other 25% of plots with 83% accuracy. Field measurements of resin-available N and P in soil aligned with clustering of tree-top spectra responses to nutrients. This indicates trees can act as remote signals of belowground nutrient availability and function.
Germinants: The next generation. Denise Rauschendorfermelnhe
The document summarizes multiple studies on germinants conducted by different researchers from 2012 to 2020. It includes population density studies of American beech and sugar maple from 2012, 2018, and 2020 by Denise Rauschendorfer, Shinjini Goswami, and Thomas Mann. It also summarizes seedling survival data collected by Shinjini Goswami, seedling light availability studies, and stem mapping works created by Alex Young using data from previous and present studies. The document is funded by USDA NIFA and NSF, and more information can be found at the provided website.
Mycorrhizal type and co-limitation of forest productivity. Noah Blumenthalmelnhe
This study investigated how the two types of mycorrhizal associations in northern hardwood forests (arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal) influence nutrient limitations and forest productivity. The researchers measured annual stem growth in mature forest stands between 2015-2019. They found that nutrient additions of nitrogen and phosphorus had interactive effects on productivity, suggesting co-limitation, and this effect was stronger for arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species than ectomycorrhizal species. They concluded the greater relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal trees promotes nutrient co-limitation in mature northern hardwood forests.
Grow with the changes: Forest succession and woody debris. Joe Nashmelnhe
1) The document analyzes data from two studies to quantify stocks of downed dead wood in northern hardwood forest stands of different ages.
2) Thirteen forest stands ages 31-145 years old were inventoried for coarse and fine woody debris using line intersect and nested subplot sampling.
3) The primary objective is to distinguish the characteristics of woody debris corresponding to different successional stages in northern hardwood forests.
Litterfall and soil respiration fluxes in the MELNHE study. Thomas Mannmelnhe
This document summarizes a study examining how soil respiration and litterfall in northern hardwood forests are controlled by nutrient availability. The study measured soil CO2 fluxes and collected fine litterfall from treatment plots with different nitrogen and phosphorus additions across 13 forest stands from 2008-2019. Preliminary results found that nitrogen addition lowered soil respiration in nitrogen-poor sites from 2011-2013. While apparent trends were observed, the authors note that statistical analysis is still needed and fertilization effects on litterfall may be more complicated. Next steps include further statistical analysis and exploring why nutrient additions did not significantly impact soil respiration rates.
N-P co-limitation in young northern hardwood forest. Tim Faheymelnhe
1) The document discusses nitrogen, phosphorus, and fine roots in young northern hardwood stands.
2) It presents the hypothesis that growth of new fine roots in these stands may be co-limited by balanced mineral nutrition of nitrogen and phosphorus.
3) A factorial experiment using ingrowth cores found that fine root growth and biomass increased at the plot level in response to the addition of both nitrogen and phosphorus, but not from the addition of only one nutrient.
Fine dining: root morphology, mycorrhizal colonization, and nutrient amendmen...melnhe
This document discusses an experimental study that examined the effects of nutrient amendments on mycorrhizal colonization and root morphology in red maple seedlings. The study predicted that nitrogen amendments would decrease vesicles in roots, phosphorus amendments would increase coil structures, and root morphology would vary depending on mycorrhizal colonization and structures under each treatment type. It then describes the experimental design, data collection process involving root processing and staining, and analysis of mycorrhizal colonization and root morphology.
Could co-limitation be caused by different nutrients limiting shoots and root...melnhe
(1) The MELNHE study examines nutrient co-limitation of forest productivity across 13 forest stands of different ages located in three sites. Fertilization experiments add nitrogen, phosphorus, or both to test for co-limitation.
(2) So far, tree growth has been found to be primarily limited by phosphorus rather than nitrogen or co-limitation.
(3) A new study tested whether root growth is directly limited by nitrogen or phosphorus availability, or responds to aboveground nutrient allocation. Fine root growth responded directly to nitrogen addition but not phosphorus addition, and roots foraged more in phosphorus-rich patches.
Sugar maple leaf characteristics vary with depth in the crown and nutrient ad...melnhe
This document summarizes a study that examined how the physical, chemical, and metabolic characteristics of sugar maple leaves vary with their depth in the tree crown and with the addition of nutrients. The study found that foliar nitrogen and chlorophyll increased deeper in the crown and with nitrogen addition, while foliar phosphorus increased with phosphorus addition. The study concludes that most leaves are shaded rather than just "sun" or "shade" leaves, and that examining the vertical gradient in a tree crown can help reveal relationships between leaf characteristics and nutrients.
The timing of senescence affects foliar p resorption dan hongmelnhe
This document discusses a study on the timing of senescence and its effects on foliar phosphorus (P) resorption. The study (1) examined how foliar concentration and resorption of P and other nutrients varied with N, P, and N+P additions and between species, and (2) investigated whether the timing of senescence affected foliar resorption with nutrient additions. Field collections of green leaves and litter were made over multiple dates in the fall. Results showed adding N increased foliar N but decreased foliar P, while adding P increased foliar P. P resorption efficiency was lower under P additions and proceeded over the course of the fall.
Space wars the fight for light in the stands of bartlett sarah congressmelnhe
This document discusses using LiDAR to map and quantify forest canopy structure within stands at Bartlett, Hubbard Brook, and Jeffers Brook. The first steps are to create maps of the tree canopy and describe the position of each species. Field data on species heights is collected along transects and recorded. Next steps are to combine LiDAR and field data to create species-specific vegetation area index profiles and determine if treatments have affected species dominance or position in the canopy.
Having a stake in nutrient cycling effects of n and p addition on wood decay...melnhe
In a 3-year pilot study, researchers placed sugar maple wood stakes in forest stands to examine the effects of adding nitrogen, phosphorus, both nutrients, and a control on wood decay. Over 273 stakes were distributed across plots with different nutrient additions or a control at 3 sites. The stakes will be collected and analyzed to determine percent mass loss over the study period, with future analysis of nutrients, soil microbes, and their role in wood decay.
Fruiting response of ectomycorrhizal fungi to nutrient additions claudia vi...melnhe
Collecting fungal sporocarps allows researchers to survey the effects of nutrient additions on mycorrhizal fungi fitness over a larger area than soil samples alone. The study aims to determine how ectomycorrhizal sporocarp abundance and fungal community composition vary with nitrogen, phosphorus, and combined nutrient additions and between seasons. Over 4,000 sporocarps from 35 genera and 160 morphospecies were collected and will be identified using genetic techniques to analyze impacts of nutrient manipulations.
Does the fate of n depend on p availability in soil - samuel butlermelnhe
This document discusses using an N15 experiment to determine if the fate of nitrogen (N) in soil depends on the availability of phosphorus (P). Previous research found that adding phosphorus suppresses resin-available nitrogen in soils. Additional studies showed that trees grew more in response to added phosphorus in mid-aged and old growth forests, but responded more to added nitrogen in younger forests. The proposed experiment would use the N15 isotope to trace nitrogen pathways through soil organic matter, plant roots, the microbial biomass, and mineral soil.
Belowground c allocation estimated as soil respiration minus aboveground litt...melnhe
This document summarizes a study estimating belowground carbon allocation in forests by measuring soil respiration and aboveground litter inputs over multiple years. The researchers found that nitrogen decreases soil respiration and likely belowground carbon allocation, while phosphorus decreases leaf litter production. Preliminary results suggest phosphorus may matter more for aboveground growth while nitrogen affects belowground processes to a greater degree.
Baby boomers are there any surviving germinants from the recent mast year -...melnhe
The document discusses a study examining how nutrient treatments affect germination rates and seedling survival of American beech and sugar maple. The study had three hypotheses: 1) germination and survival of maple would be highest with calcium addition; 2) germination and survival of beech would reflect limitation of nitrogen or phosphorus; and 3) survival may reflect nutritional value of seedlings. Methods involved counting germinants and seedlings in nutrient treatment plots over two years. Results showed beech germination increased with nitrogen and phosphorus addition, while maple decreased. Seedling survival decreased with nitrogen and phosphorus addition but increased with calcium addition, with no difference between nitrogen and phosphorus effects.
This document provides information about an upcoming workshop on quantifying uncertainty in monitoring. It includes:
- Details on presenters who will discuss topics like taxonomy of uncertainty, examples from NEON, detecting differences from rain gauge and mercury monitoring data, and measuring uncertainty in the Forest Inventory and Analysis.
- An agenda that will include introductions from participants, five minute presentations followed by discussion, and a general discussion on how the workshop helped and what further assistance is needed.
- Information on current practices in reporting uncertainty from ecosystem studies, including a survey that identified major sources of uncertainty and how respondents report, understand, and view the importance of different sources.
Forest inventory crews were analyzed to determine measurement errors in tree diameter. The study found bias may exist due to penalties for observations more than one class off. While measurement error magnitude was identified, the most uncertain measurements may not be the most important to improve. Propagating the errors into forest inventory data product calculations like timber volume and carbon storage will show which measurements are most important to improve.
The document discusses Pecan Project's uncertainty analysis for LTER ASM 2018. It analyzes parameter uncertainty and sensitivity, and outputs uncertainty through trait meta-analysis, iterative Bayesian calibration, and variance decomposition. Key findings include growth respiration and root water uptake being highly sensitive, and stomatal conductance variability differing between conifer and hardwood species and latitudes. The analysis aims to characterize, propagate, analyze, and reduce uncertainties.
Sampling intensity affects the ability to detect changes over time in soil nutrient concentrations. Higher sampling intensity through more samples or sampling sites allows for detection of smaller minimum detectable differences. A study analyzed how sampling intensity over time and space impacted the minimum detectable annual percentage change for concentrations of total carbon, nitrogen, and exchangeable magnesium, calcium, and potassium at different soil depths. The results provide guidance on sampling designs to balance detecting desired changes against costs of sample collection and analysis for soil monitoring.
Monitoring locations that are difficult to access or have meteorological measurements like snow were considered for monitoring reduction due to logistical factors. Uncertainty estimates were used to gain confidence that reducing monitoring at these locations would still provide essential information. Locations on north and south facing slopes were specifically mentioned as candidates for reduced monitoring.
1) NEON measures alkalinity and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) 26 times per year at each stream site to assess water's buffering ability. ANC includes particulates while alkalinity does not. Differences between the two measurements are usually small.
2) Analysis found that reducing ANC sampling to once monthly would still capture seasonality and meaningful differences, except at one site where larger differences require maintaining the full sampling frequency.
3) NEON also measures physical reaeration rates through experiments 10 times annually but could reduce to 6 and still maintain data quality by implementing process checks and targeting times of lower representation.
Soil Enzyme Activity Indicates P Limitation in northern hardwood forestmelnhe
1) Soil enzyme activity can indicate nutrient limitations in forests. The ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus acquiring enzymes respond to changes in nutrient availability in a way that minimizes limitation.
2) The study examined soil enzyme activity ratios in northern hardwood forests under long-term nitrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen+phosphorus fertilization.
3) Results suggested phosphorus limitation based on a shift from phosphorus to nitrogen acquiring enzymes with phosphorus fertilization. Nitrogen limitation of carbon use was also suggested based on shifts with nitrogen fertilization.
HB 2018 - Quantifying red maple seed productionmelnhe
This study examined the effects of nutrient abundance on red maple seed mass and viability by collecting seeds from stands treated with different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that while seed count and viability were dependent on basal area and not nutrient treatments, average seed mass and average viable seed mass were significantly affected by the interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus treatments when accounting for basal area. This suggests that red maple seed mass and viability may be dependent on nutrient abundance, particularly the interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus availability.
This document summarizes research on the response of sugar maple leaf traits to nitrogen, phosphorus, and vertical gradients within the tree canopy. The study found that specific leaf area, nitrogen concentration, and chlorophyll concentration were higher in leaves from the upper canopy and in trees treated with additional nitrogen and nitrogen+phosphorus. Principal component analysis identified chlorophyll A and soluble ions as important drivers of the nutrient treatment responses. The results indicate that not accounting for vertical variation in leaf traits like nitrogen can lead to overestimates of carbon assimilation.
Fine dining: root morphology, mycorrhizal colonization, and nutrient amendmen...melnhe
This document discusses an experimental study that examined the effects of nutrient amendments on mycorrhizal colonization and root morphology in red maple seedlings. The study predicted that nitrogen amendments would decrease vesicles in roots, phosphorus amendments would increase coil structures, and root morphology would vary depending on mycorrhizal colonization and structures under each treatment type. It then describes the experimental design, data collection process involving root processing and staining, and analysis of mycorrhizal colonization and root morphology.
Could co-limitation be caused by different nutrients limiting shoots and root...melnhe
(1) The MELNHE study examines nutrient co-limitation of forest productivity across 13 forest stands of different ages located in three sites. Fertilization experiments add nitrogen, phosphorus, or both to test for co-limitation.
(2) So far, tree growth has been found to be primarily limited by phosphorus rather than nitrogen or co-limitation.
(3) A new study tested whether root growth is directly limited by nitrogen or phosphorus availability, or responds to aboveground nutrient allocation. Fine root growth responded directly to nitrogen addition but not phosphorus addition, and roots foraged more in phosphorus-rich patches.
Sugar maple leaf characteristics vary with depth in the crown and nutrient ad...melnhe
This document summarizes a study that examined how the physical, chemical, and metabolic characteristics of sugar maple leaves vary with their depth in the tree crown and with the addition of nutrients. The study found that foliar nitrogen and chlorophyll increased deeper in the crown and with nitrogen addition, while foliar phosphorus increased with phosphorus addition. The study concludes that most leaves are shaded rather than just "sun" or "shade" leaves, and that examining the vertical gradient in a tree crown can help reveal relationships between leaf characteristics and nutrients.
The timing of senescence affects foliar p resorption dan hongmelnhe
This document discusses a study on the timing of senescence and its effects on foliar phosphorus (P) resorption. The study (1) examined how foliar concentration and resorption of P and other nutrients varied with N, P, and N+P additions and between species, and (2) investigated whether the timing of senescence affected foliar resorption with nutrient additions. Field collections of green leaves and litter were made over multiple dates in the fall. Results showed adding N increased foliar N but decreased foliar P, while adding P increased foliar P. P resorption efficiency was lower under P additions and proceeded over the course of the fall.
Space wars the fight for light in the stands of bartlett sarah congressmelnhe
This document discusses using LiDAR to map and quantify forest canopy structure within stands at Bartlett, Hubbard Brook, and Jeffers Brook. The first steps are to create maps of the tree canopy and describe the position of each species. Field data on species heights is collected along transects and recorded. Next steps are to combine LiDAR and field data to create species-specific vegetation area index profiles and determine if treatments have affected species dominance or position in the canopy.
Having a stake in nutrient cycling effects of n and p addition on wood decay...melnhe
In a 3-year pilot study, researchers placed sugar maple wood stakes in forest stands to examine the effects of adding nitrogen, phosphorus, both nutrients, and a control on wood decay. Over 273 stakes were distributed across plots with different nutrient additions or a control at 3 sites. The stakes will be collected and analyzed to determine percent mass loss over the study period, with future analysis of nutrients, soil microbes, and their role in wood decay.
Fruiting response of ectomycorrhizal fungi to nutrient additions claudia vi...melnhe
Collecting fungal sporocarps allows researchers to survey the effects of nutrient additions on mycorrhizal fungi fitness over a larger area than soil samples alone. The study aims to determine how ectomycorrhizal sporocarp abundance and fungal community composition vary with nitrogen, phosphorus, and combined nutrient additions and between seasons. Over 4,000 sporocarps from 35 genera and 160 morphospecies were collected and will be identified using genetic techniques to analyze impacts of nutrient manipulations.
Does the fate of n depend on p availability in soil - samuel butlermelnhe
This document discusses using an N15 experiment to determine if the fate of nitrogen (N) in soil depends on the availability of phosphorus (P). Previous research found that adding phosphorus suppresses resin-available nitrogen in soils. Additional studies showed that trees grew more in response to added phosphorus in mid-aged and old growth forests, but responded more to added nitrogen in younger forests. The proposed experiment would use the N15 isotope to trace nitrogen pathways through soil organic matter, plant roots, the microbial biomass, and mineral soil.
Belowground c allocation estimated as soil respiration minus aboveground litt...melnhe
This document summarizes a study estimating belowground carbon allocation in forests by measuring soil respiration and aboveground litter inputs over multiple years. The researchers found that nitrogen decreases soil respiration and likely belowground carbon allocation, while phosphorus decreases leaf litter production. Preliminary results suggest phosphorus may matter more for aboveground growth while nitrogen affects belowground processes to a greater degree.
Baby boomers are there any surviving germinants from the recent mast year -...melnhe
The document discusses a study examining how nutrient treatments affect germination rates and seedling survival of American beech and sugar maple. The study had three hypotheses: 1) germination and survival of maple would be highest with calcium addition; 2) germination and survival of beech would reflect limitation of nitrogen or phosphorus; and 3) survival may reflect nutritional value of seedlings. Methods involved counting germinants and seedlings in nutrient treatment plots over two years. Results showed beech germination increased with nitrogen and phosphorus addition, while maple decreased. Seedling survival decreased with nitrogen and phosphorus addition but increased with calcium addition, with no difference between nitrogen and phosphorus effects.
This document provides information about an upcoming workshop on quantifying uncertainty in monitoring. It includes:
- Details on presenters who will discuss topics like taxonomy of uncertainty, examples from NEON, detecting differences from rain gauge and mercury monitoring data, and measuring uncertainty in the Forest Inventory and Analysis.
- An agenda that will include introductions from participants, five minute presentations followed by discussion, and a general discussion on how the workshop helped and what further assistance is needed.
- Information on current practices in reporting uncertainty from ecosystem studies, including a survey that identified major sources of uncertainty and how respondents report, understand, and view the importance of different sources.
Forest inventory crews were analyzed to determine measurement errors in tree diameter. The study found bias may exist due to penalties for observations more than one class off. While measurement error magnitude was identified, the most uncertain measurements may not be the most important to improve. Propagating the errors into forest inventory data product calculations like timber volume and carbon storage will show which measurements are most important to improve.
The document discusses Pecan Project's uncertainty analysis for LTER ASM 2018. It analyzes parameter uncertainty and sensitivity, and outputs uncertainty through trait meta-analysis, iterative Bayesian calibration, and variance decomposition. Key findings include growth respiration and root water uptake being highly sensitive, and stomatal conductance variability differing between conifer and hardwood species and latitudes. The analysis aims to characterize, propagate, analyze, and reduce uncertainties.
Sampling intensity affects the ability to detect changes over time in soil nutrient concentrations. Higher sampling intensity through more samples or sampling sites allows for detection of smaller minimum detectable differences. A study analyzed how sampling intensity over time and space impacted the minimum detectable annual percentage change for concentrations of total carbon, nitrogen, and exchangeable magnesium, calcium, and potassium at different soil depths. The results provide guidance on sampling designs to balance detecting desired changes against costs of sample collection and analysis for soil monitoring.
Monitoring locations that are difficult to access or have meteorological measurements like snow were considered for monitoring reduction due to logistical factors. Uncertainty estimates were used to gain confidence that reducing monitoring at these locations would still provide essential information. Locations on north and south facing slopes were specifically mentioned as candidates for reduced monitoring.
1) NEON measures alkalinity and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) 26 times per year at each stream site to assess water's buffering ability. ANC includes particulates while alkalinity does not. Differences between the two measurements are usually small.
2) Analysis found that reducing ANC sampling to once monthly would still capture seasonality and meaningful differences, except at one site where larger differences require maintaining the full sampling frequency.
3) NEON also measures physical reaeration rates through experiments 10 times annually but could reduce to 6 and still maintain data quality by implementing process checks and targeting times of lower representation.
Soil Enzyme Activity Indicates P Limitation in northern hardwood forestmelnhe
1) Soil enzyme activity can indicate nutrient limitations in forests. The ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus acquiring enzymes respond to changes in nutrient availability in a way that minimizes limitation.
2) The study examined soil enzyme activity ratios in northern hardwood forests under long-term nitrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen+phosphorus fertilization.
3) Results suggested phosphorus limitation based on a shift from phosphorus to nitrogen acquiring enzymes with phosphorus fertilization. Nitrogen limitation of carbon use was also suggested based on shifts with nitrogen fertilization.
HB 2018 - Quantifying red maple seed productionmelnhe
This study examined the effects of nutrient abundance on red maple seed mass and viability by collecting seeds from stands treated with different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that while seed count and viability were dependent on basal area and not nutrient treatments, average seed mass and average viable seed mass were significantly affected by the interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus treatments when accounting for basal area. This suggests that red maple seed mass and viability may be dependent on nutrient abundance, particularly the interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus availability.
This document summarizes research on the response of sugar maple leaf traits to nitrogen, phosphorus, and vertical gradients within the tree canopy. The study found that specific leaf area, nitrogen concentration, and chlorophyll concentration were higher in leaves from the upper canopy and in trees treated with additional nitrogen and nitrogen+phosphorus. Principal component analysis identified chlorophyll A and soluble ions as important drivers of the nutrient treatment responses. The results indicate that not accounting for vertical variation in leaf traits like nitrogen can lead to overestimates of carbon assimilation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
And you thought there were no earthworms in our forests
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. So far, there are few earthworms at Bartlett but lots
at Jeffers Brook.
At Jeffers Brook, there were fewer worms in plots
with added N (N and NP) and more in plots with Ca.