Shift share analysis is an effective regional planning tool to explore the regional competitiveness and industrial composition. In this study the regional competitiveness among the selected districts of Bangladesh in terms of regional employment figure in the main activity sectors has been tried to develop. The comparative scenario among the several districts has been figured out and the regional influencing factors behind that have been analyzed.
Shift share analysis is a traditional tool; through a descriptive analysis of the productive structure, it allows the comparison of regional differences within a country, region or state (SIMÕES, 2004).Shift-share analysis is one way to account for the competitiveness of a region's industries and to analyze the local economic base. This analysis is primarily used to decompose employment changes within an economy over a specific period of time into mutually exclusive factors. Like other analytical economic tools, the shift-share technique is only a descriptive tool that should be used in combination with other analysis to provide a summary of a region's key employment potential industries.
Shift share analysis is a traditional tool; through a descriptive analysis of the productive structure, it allows the comparison of regional differences within a country, region or state (SIMÕES, 2004).Shift-share analysis is one way to account for the competitiveness of a region's industries and to analyze the local economic base. This analysis is primarily used to decompose employment changes within an economy over a specific period of time into mutually exclusive factors. Like other analytical economic tools, the shift-share technique is only a descriptive tool that should be used in combination with other analysis to provide a summary of a region's key employment potential industries.
Location Quantities and Shift Share Analysis ProjectJacqueline Tkac
This report provides a brief review of the specific metric of employment sector analysis called Location Quotients (LQ) and Shift-Share. The analysis area focused on in this report is Richmond, Virginia, and the comparison area is the United States.
Shift share analysis is a traditional tool; through a descriptive analysis of the productive structure, it allows the comparison of regional differences within a country, region or state (SIMÕES, 2004).Shift-share analysis is one way to account for the competitiveness of a region's industries and to analyze the local economic base. This analysis is primarily used to decompose employment changes within an economy over a specific period of time into mutually exclusive factors. Like other analytical economic tools, the shift-share technique is only a descriptive tool that should be used in combination with other analysis to provide a summary of a region's key employment potential industries.
Shift share analysis is a traditional tool; through a descriptive analysis of the productive structure, it allows the comparison of regional differences within a country, region or state (SIMÕES, 2004).Shift-share analysis is one way to account for the competitiveness of a region's industries and to analyze the local economic base. This analysis is primarily used to decompose employment changes within an economy over a specific period of time into mutually exclusive factors. Like other analytical economic tools, the shift-share technique is only a descriptive tool that should be used in combination with other analysis to provide a summary of a region's key employment potential industries.
Location Quantities and Shift Share Analysis ProjectJacqueline Tkac
This report provides a brief review of the specific metric of employment sector analysis called Location Quotients (LQ) and Shift-Share. The analysis area focused on in this report is Richmond, Virginia, and the comparison area is the United States.
Conceptualization of rural development and planning and its reference to Bangladesh
The term rural development is the process of improving quality of life of the people living in rural areas who live often relatively isolated and sparsely populated area.
This presentation offers a public policy approach to integral regional development based on the authors experience from the Mexican federal government and OECD.
I’m professional presentation maker . These presentations are for sale for 20$ each, if required you can contact me on my gmail id bestpptmaker@gmail.com and you can also suggest me topics for your required presentations
Rural urban partnership for economic developmentOECD Governance
13th European Week of Regions and Cities, presentation made on 12-15 October in Brussels, Belgium by Paolo Veneri, Economist, Regional Development Policy, OECD.
www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/
Definition,meaning, scope,approach, and aim of urban-geographyKamrul Islam Karim
What is Urban Geography?
It can be considered a sub-discipline of the larger field of human geography with overlaps of content with that of Cultural Geography
Definition of Urban Geography.
Urban geography is the study of urban places with reference to their geographical environment.
Urban geography is the sub discipline of geography which concentrates on those parts of the Earth's surface that have a high concentration of buildings and infrastructure
.
It is that branch of science, which deals with the study of urban areas, in terms of concentration, infrastructure, economy, and environmental impacts.
Griffith Taylor- Urban Geography includes the site revolution pattern and classification of towns.
Dudley Stamp- Urban Geography is infecting the intensive study of town and their development in all their geographical aspects.
Meaning of an Urban Place
UN Demographic Year Book concludes: “There is no point in the continuum from large agglomerations to small clusters or scattered dwellings where urbanity disappears and rurality begins the division between urban and rural populations is necessarily arbitrary.”
A review of the problems of rural and urban centres as revealed by the Census Reports of various countries identifies a few bases for reckoning a place as urban.
Difference between rural and urban depends upon their nature of work – the former being engaged in agricultural operations and the latter in non-agricultural activities.
Criteria of an Urban Place
(1) A place designated by administrative status;
(2) A minimum population;
(3) A minimum population density;
(4) A concept of contiguity to include or exclude under suburban area or loosely scattered settlement;
(5) A proportion engaged in non-agricultural occupations; and
(6) A functional character.
Attributes of Urban Geography
Scope/nature/theme of Urban Geography
Methods or Approaches of Urban Places
Aim of urban geography
Sinergitas Kebijakan-Rencana-Program (KRP) dalam Konteks Pemanfaatan RuangOswar Mungkasa
disampaikan oleh OSwar Mungkasa (Direktur Tata Ruang dan Pertanahan Bappenas) pada Rakor BKPRD Provinsi Jawa Tengah di Semarang tanggal 12 Desember 2013
Theories and models for Regional planning and developmentKamlesh Kumar
This is a work on the major theories of Regional planning mainly consisting the work of Francois Perroux, Gunnar Myrdal, Albert O. Hirschman, Walter Whitman Rostow and John Friedman.
Conceptualization of rural development and planning and its reference to Bangladesh
The term rural development is the process of improving quality of life of the people living in rural areas who live often relatively isolated and sparsely populated area.
This presentation offers a public policy approach to integral regional development based on the authors experience from the Mexican federal government and OECD.
I’m professional presentation maker . These presentations are for sale for 20$ each, if required you can contact me on my gmail id bestpptmaker@gmail.com and you can also suggest me topics for your required presentations
Rural urban partnership for economic developmentOECD Governance
13th European Week of Regions and Cities, presentation made on 12-15 October in Brussels, Belgium by Paolo Veneri, Economist, Regional Development Policy, OECD.
www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/
Definition,meaning, scope,approach, and aim of urban-geographyKamrul Islam Karim
What is Urban Geography?
It can be considered a sub-discipline of the larger field of human geography with overlaps of content with that of Cultural Geography
Definition of Urban Geography.
Urban geography is the study of urban places with reference to their geographical environment.
Urban geography is the sub discipline of geography which concentrates on those parts of the Earth's surface that have a high concentration of buildings and infrastructure
.
It is that branch of science, which deals with the study of urban areas, in terms of concentration, infrastructure, economy, and environmental impacts.
Griffith Taylor- Urban Geography includes the site revolution pattern and classification of towns.
Dudley Stamp- Urban Geography is infecting the intensive study of town and their development in all their geographical aspects.
Meaning of an Urban Place
UN Demographic Year Book concludes: “There is no point in the continuum from large agglomerations to small clusters or scattered dwellings where urbanity disappears and rurality begins the division between urban and rural populations is necessarily arbitrary.”
A review of the problems of rural and urban centres as revealed by the Census Reports of various countries identifies a few bases for reckoning a place as urban.
Difference between rural and urban depends upon their nature of work – the former being engaged in agricultural operations and the latter in non-agricultural activities.
Criteria of an Urban Place
(1) A place designated by administrative status;
(2) A minimum population;
(3) A minimum population density;
(4) A concept of contiguity to include or exclude under suburban area or loosely scattered settlement;
(5) A proportion engaged in non-agricultural occupations; and
(6) A functional character.
Attributes of Urban Geography
Scope/nature/theme of Urban Geography
Methods or Approaches of Urban Places
Aim of urban geography
Sinergitas Kebijakan-Rencana-Program (KRP) dalam Konteks Pemanfaatan RuangOswar Mungkasa
disampaikan oleh OSwar Mungkasa (Direktur Tata Ruang dan Pertanahan Bappenas) pada Rakor BKPRD Provinsi Jawa Tengah di Semarang tanggal 12 Desember 2013
Theories and models for Regional planning and developmentKamlesh Kumar
This is a work on the major theories of Regional planning mainly consisting the work of Francois Perroux, Gunnar Myrdal, Albert O. Hirschman, Walter Whitman Rostow and John Friedman.
Participation and Lay Knowledge in Environmental Governance - ‘Significant’?
Stakeholder’s participation is a recurrent theme of environmental governance since 1960s, when environmental politics became institutionalized within western developed countries. Scientists, interest groups, media and local protests have been significant in shaping the definition and resolution of environmental issues (Bulkeley and Mol, 2003). In contrast, Beck (1999) argued “in the face of this ‘risk society’, the conventional political institutions of modernity are increasingly…inadequate…as decision-making power, control and legitimacy increasingly locate outside the political system…which were previously considered unpolitical” (cited in Bulkeley and Mol, 2003).
Collaborative processes, has been suggested, to enable local actors to place their knowledge in the broader context of what state actors know, and vice versa (Innes et al., 2007 cited in Taylor and de Loë, 2012). Only recognizing expert knowledge as a valid basis for decision-making excludes the knowledge and experience of people who live and work in ecosystems (Taylor and Buttel, 1992 cited in Evans, 2012). On the other hand Tatenhove and Leroy (2003) argue, “we should not assume that increased involvement of stakeholders in the decision-making process is necessarily symptomatic of a loss of state power. It is vital not to …assume that a linear trend of shifts from government to governance is taking place” (Macleod and Goodwin, 1999, p.522 cited in Bulkeley and Mol, 2003)
Additionally, “contextualized knowledge, can lead to problem-specific responses that are more likely to be accepted and supported by the public. [B]ias against local knowledge highlights the critical relationship between knowledge and power in collaborative processes” (Lach et al., 2005; van Ast and Boot, 2003; Flyvbjerg, 2001; Healey, 2003 cited in Taylor and de Loë, 2012)
In summation, local knowledge is significant equally as the scientific knowledge (in some cases surpasses) in environmental decision making and planning, in the era of complex challenge imposed by climate change, to adapt and sustain (Reid et al., 2009; Few et al., 2007). Public participation from the beginning of the development planning can make the process more focused, legitimate, resource optimized and worthy (Petts and Brooks, 2006).
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) – Environmental Protection or Creating ...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) – Environmental Protection or Creating Disguise?
The promotion of environmental responsibility amongst transnational corporations (TNCs) has become an important topic of debate in recent years. While government regulation might achieve environmental goals in a blunt manner, business community argues that voluntary measures can achieve them in a more efficient way (Utting and Marques 2010; Clapp 2005). One of the commercial drivers of private forms of (self) regulation, such as ISO 14001 standards, is desired to keep smaller firms out of profitable markets by raising the barrier to entry and increasing the costs of compliance with standards (Clapp, 1998, cited in Newell and Levy 2006).
Tobacco companies for instance claim that they are engaged in CSR because of being concerned corporate citizens. In reality, CSR activities cost tobacco companies very little in relation to their annual profits. In 2009, British American Tobacco (BAT) spent USD $22.3 million on CSR compared to the USD $4.8 billion it earned in profits (TFK 2011).
BAT runs several CSR program in Bangladesh notably, Afforestation Program - to offset the deforestation (30% of the country total; TFK, 2011) caused during tobacco drying and Sustainable Agriculture - to minimize the environmental degradation (BATB 2010; Ahmed 2012). Which are greatly outweighed by the detrimental effects of smoking and now illegal in Bangladesh as a signatory of Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO 2013).
On the other hand, ‘[c]corporations performed as shapers and negotiators of environmental rules as well as play central position in informal governance of the environment that derives from their daily operations. Corporations play multiple and potentially conflicting roles as lobbyists, experts, (self) regulators and providers of the capital and technologies necessary to realize environmental policy goals’ (Newell and Levy 2006).
In contrast, recent years have seen a number of cases of ‘accidental’ or ‘unintentional’ releases of genetically modified organisms (StarLink, Bt10 maize, Liberty Link RICE 601). Behavior of the firms responsible for the illegal releases in these three cases raises important questions about the effectiveness of voluntary corporate responsibility measures. Which demands strong regulatory rules to incorporate regular external monitoring and oversight by governments, as well as more stringent penalties and assignment of legal liability, alongside voluntary codes (Clapp 2008).
Promotion of Agricultural Product (Jute, Sweetmeat) in Districts (Shariatpur,...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
Bangladesh is traditionally an agro-based country for geographical reasons. Historically agricultural products play a major role in the GDP of the country. Recent statistical data shows that agricultural products are now at 3rd position in the sectoral share of GDP. The economic condition, per capita income and quality of life of Bangladesh can be improved if proper emphasis is given on the agricultural sector and appropriate promotion strategy for the agricultural industry is undertaken. This promotion strategy should be undertaken in different scales on the basis of need and priority. In Bangladesh there are lots of National level goals and policies for industrial promotion and there are also some Local level plans; but the intermediate stage (Regional level) between these two is always neglected. National level plans are always too broad on the other hand Local level plans are too specific. A combination of these two scales of planning is needed for quick and efficient improvement strategy. In this study Regional promotional strategy for two agricultural products in two different districts (Jute-Shariatpur; Sweetmeat-Rajbari) is discussed to minimize the above mentioned gap between National and Local level.
Parking Demand & Supply Analysis of Different Commercial Land Uses Along Mirp...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
“Parking” this term is one of the most important topics of discussion in the developing cities. In the cities like Dhaka where unplanned urbanization prevails in a greater extent; parking problem is the most common scenario there. In the developing countries cities are growing without considering the inherent increasing parking demand. Mirpur road is one of the most problematic roads of Dhaka city in context of parking problem. To assess the current scenario of the problems and to formulate some policy measures is the main focus of this study. In this study some major parking generators along Mirpur has been surveyed and their parking demand-supply situation has been analyzed. Considering the Parking Policy for the Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan Area, 2002 and the results from the analysis some policy measures has been formulated to manage the parking demand more efficiently.
EIA Guidelines for Industries_Bangladesh_DoE, MoEF, GoB_June 1997_Part 1Shahadat Hossain Shakil
DoE, MoEF, GoB. (1997). EIA Guidelines for Industries. (A. Al Farouq, M. Reazuddin, & M. A. Sobhan, Eds.) (First.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Department of Environment, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.
Photocopied and Scanned by:
Mohammed Hamidul Hasan Nabin
Senior Town Planner
Probashi Palli Group
Solving a “Transportation Planning” Problem through the Programming Language “C”Shahadat Hossain Shakil
Solving a “Transportation Planning” problem through the programming language “C”
Presented by
Yousuf Mahid (0615012)
Shahadat Hossain Shakil (0615020)
Khadija Akhter (0615027)
This series of blog has been prepared by the author (Shahadat Hossain Shaki) for the partial
fulfilment of his master’s program course ―Key Debates in Environmental Governance‖, which has been supervised by Prof. Dr. Maria Kaika.
Blog Link: http://environmentalgovernance.wordpress.com/author/shshakil/
Author can be contacted for further query and suggestions at : shshakil.buet@gmail.com
Shift Share and Location Quotients: An Industry Sector AnalysisAndy Carswell
This presentation was given to the Valdosta/Lowndes County, GA Chamber of Commerce in Spring 2012. The presentation tracked industry growth by specific employment sectors and compared them against similar measures from more than a dozen "sister counties" throughout the Southeast U.S.
Program-based instruments for long term budgeting development in the Russian ...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Nikolay Begchin, Russian Federation, at the 12th Annual Meeting of OECD-CESEE Senior Budget Officials held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, on 28-29 June 2016
Support for Local Administration Reform in Turkey (Inter-municipal Experience...PAL Policy Analytics Lab
The project aimed at supporting key stakeholders to identify the legal, institutional and implementation challenges in the management of public finances at the local level that are preventing to provide services to their citizens in an effective, efficient and transparent manner.
Analysis of Demand and Supply Commodities Originally A Region (Case Study; Pr...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This study aims to provide information about the structure of supply and demand which have an important role in shaping the economic structure regional.Identified strengths and weaknesses of the economic sector and gives an overview of the potential and the barriers to the development of the existing economy. .In Addition, the study can be a model of the original commodity analysis of a region. The analytical method used is to utilize the model of Table I-O to provide a descriptive overview of the structure of demand and supply. Given the complexity of the tables I-O, the description given might be in general (macro) and integrate the linkages between sectors. The analysis finds fourteen commodity that has considerable value in terms of both demand and in terms of deals namely; Rice, Cocoa, sea fish and other results, Nickel, Industrial rice, Manufacture of fertilizers and pesticides, Industrial goods other chemicals, industrial goods produced oil refineries, cement industry, Industrial machinery and equipment, land transportation equipment industry, building shelter, services trade and public governance services. Generally, the fourteenth of these commodities have a significant impact on the economy South Sulawesi.Rice,Nickel and services trade is a commodity that is essential for perekonomian.Informasi about the structure of supply and demand for the commodity could be used as a reference for development planning in the region of south Sulawesi,
Public sector productivity measurement: role of accounting systems - Yasuyuki...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Yasuyuki Saka, Japan, at the 17th Annual Meeting of OECD Senior Management Officials held at the OECD, Paris, on 2-3 March 2017
The objective of this presentation was to assist Local Resource Persons (LRPs) to prepare for business planning for the HIMALI project. This was a part of the LRP training in Nepal.
ANALYSIS OF GROWTH AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURE IN DOMPU DISTRICT 2014-2020AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This study aims to (1) analyze economic growth in Dompu Regency in 2014-2020; (2) analyze
the economic structure of Dompu Regency in 2014-2020. This research is descriptive research with a
quantitative approach. The object of this research is Dompu district, West Nusa Tenggara province. This study
uses secondary data from 2014-to 2020 from the Central Statistics Agency of Dompu Regency. The results
showed that the economic growth of Dompu district, West Nusa Tenggara province in 2014-2020 fluctuated,
where in 2015-201, it increased, while in 2018-2019, it decreased. Even in 2020, the economic growth of the
Dompu district became minus, caused by the case of covid. -19. Meanwhile, the economic structure of Dompu
Regency in 2014-2020 is still in the agriculture, forestry, and fishery sectors, followed by the wholesale and
retail trade sector; car and motorcycle repair, government administration sector, defense and compulsory social
security, construction sector, and the rest are outside the four sectors above which contribute below five percent.
KEYWORDS: economic growth, economic structure, Gross Regional Income.
Project DescriptionsData ExercisesThe purpose of the data ex.docxwkyra78
Project Descriptions
Data Exercises
The purpose of the data exercises is to ensure that you are familiar with the methodology of
collecting data from the Web and analyzing it. These exercises include collecting the
required data, creating a graph or table to present this information, and two to three
double-spaced pages of analysis of the data.
**************************************************************************
DATA EXERCISE #1
consists of four parts
Part 1: Expenditures Approach to Calculating GDP (weight 25% of the assignment grade)
Complete the following exercise
Visit the Bureau of Economic Analysis Web site at www.bea.gov Select National, then Interactive Tables: GDP and the National Income and Product Account (NIPA) Historical Tables, click “Begin using the data”, and use Section 1 - Tables 1.1.5 and 1.1.6 to identify the GDP (nominal GDP) and real GDP for the past four quarters.
a) Present the information that you received in your project as a table.
b) Write a report (1 page double - spaced), which contains the analysis of the results you received.
In this report consider, but do not be limited to the following:
1. Why was nominal GDP greater than real GDP in each of those quarters?
2. What were the percentage changes in Nominal GDP and real GDP for the most recent quarter?
3. What accounts for the difference?
Part 2: Income Approach to Calculating GDP (weight 25% of the assignment grade)
Complete the following exercise:
Go to http://www.bea.gov/
Find the information on GDP in billions of current dollars for the past four quarters (in GDP and the National Income and Product Account (NIPA) Historical Tables –click “Begin using the data”- choose Section 1- domestic product and income- table 1.7.5 -Create the table that contains the following information quarterly:
Gross domestic product
Gross national product
Net national product
National income
Personal income
Write a report in your own words (1 page, double-spaced), which contains the analysis of the results you received. In this report consider, but do not be limited to the following:
1. What is the difference between gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national product (GNP)?
2. Based on the table, what calculations must you make to determine GNP from GDP?
3. What is national income (NI)?
4. Which was higher in this year, GNP or NI? By how much?
5. What calculations must you make to determine NI from GNP?
6. What was the main component of NI?
Part 3: GDP in Different Countries (weight 25% of the assignment grade)
Complete the following exercise:
Go to World Development Indicators database:
http://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/ddpreports/ViewSharedReport?&CF=&REPORT_ID=9147&REQUEST_TYPE=VIEWADVANCED
Choose the country in the window on the top of the page.
Fill in the table below. Calculate the per capita GDP for the most recent available year for the countries listed in the table with the equation given in the far right column.
Country
GDP (in millions ...
Structure and Economic Development Pattern in Jayapura through other Cities a...Suwandi, Dr. SE.,MSi
This research aims to: (1) determine the economic performance of Jayapura City or Cities and Towns in Papua viewed from economic growth aspect and the contribution of the local economy, (2) identify the potential sectors of economy in Jayapura City, (3 ) analyze the dominant sector in terms of the economy in Jayapura City. The data obtained from interviews staffs of Centre Bureau of Statistics (BPS) based on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the related documents. The analytical tool used was Typology Analysis of Klassen, Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share. The results of this study: the construction sector is included in the prime sector qualification in which this is caused by the growth rate of the construction sector Jayapura City larger than the building sector at provincial level in Papua. The potential sector qualificatios are: transportation and communication, agriculture, services, electricity, water and financial. The mining and quarrying sectors, trade and industry are the growing sector qualifications. The superior category are: agriculture, manufacturing, electricity and water supply, construction, trade, and transport and communications.
Structure and Economic Development Pattern in Jayapura through other Cities a...Suwandi, Dr. SE.,MSi
This research aims to: (1) determine the economic performance of Jayapura City or Cities and Towns in Papua viewed from economic growth aspect and the contribution of the local economy, (2) identify the potential sectors of economy in Jayapura City, (3 ) analyze the dominant sector in terms of the economy in Jayapura City. The data obtained from interviews staffs of Centre Bureau of Statistics (BPS) based on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the related documents. The analytical tool used was Typology Analysis of Klassen, Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share. The results of this study: the construction sector is included in the prime sector qualification in which this is caused by the growth rate of the construction sector Jayapura City larger than the building sector at provincial level in Papua. The potential sector qualificatios are: transportation and communication, agriculture, services, electricity, water and financial. The mining and quarrying sectors, trade and industry are the growing sector qualifications. The superior category are: agriculture, manufacturing, electricity and water supply, construction, trade, and transport and communications.
Networked Society City Index 2013 MethodologyEricsson
http://www.ericsson.com/thinkingahead/networked_society/city-life
The 2013 index features 31 major world cities and measures their ICT maturity as well as the economic, social and environmental dimensions, called the “triple bottom line” effects.
Combination of Geographic Information System, Fuzzy Set Theory And Analytic H...IRJESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT :- In Hung Ha district, planning new industrial zones along with enlarging the existing ones are the key policies of the authorities. Locations, however, of the planned industrial zones are facing protests of surrounding residential areas because of environmental impacts. The purpose of this research is to assist Hung Ha government in assessing the suitability of planned locations of industrial zones by utilizing the combinations of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique and Fuzzy set theory. Firstly, opinions were surveyed from people residing near planned locations for determining which problems were complained mostly, and subsequently consulted suggestions from the authorities to form affected factors table. Secondly, AHP was applied for calculating weights of criteria and factors, and Fuzzy set theory was employed for obtaining continuous score of relevant degree from 0 to 1. GIS technology was applied throughout the paper from standardizing input spatial data to overlapping layers. The assessment results revealed that all 18 planned industrial zones in the researched district were not rational because of close to residential areas or water sources.
Urban and Rural Planning Discipline in Bangladesh: Scope, Job Search Techniq...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
Path Determination
Career Paths
Non-traditional Role/Sector
Alumni Example / Pre-requisite
Statistics !!!
Best Option?
Searching and Applying for Job Effectively
To Do List / Way Forward
Assessment of the Extent to which Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) ca...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
In this study the extent of addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation through SEA will be trying to explore based on available literatures, which is very few due to this domains infancy till date. In doing so present context of climate change will be described concisely. Following that, nexus between climate change and SEA will be highlighted based on SEA principles, guidance and best practice manual and empirical evidences of the integration in several countries. Drawing insights from the prior discussions, deficits and recommendations will be stated for future research agendas.
Stakeholder Debate in Policy Implementation: An Evaluation of Bangladesh Leat...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
This paper focuses on stakeholder debate and conflict during policy implementation. In doing so it analyzed the reason behind the implementation snag of Bangladesh leather processing industry relocation policy, which is extreme stakeholder negotiation. Relevant stakeholders have been identified and their influence over the policy measure has been formulated. Underlying interactions among the stakeholders has been conceptually depicted to retrieve an image of the extreme stakeholder dispute behind this policy failure. Finally, based on the empirical evidence this policy measure has been evaluated in light of the effective participation of the concerned stakeholders.
Stakeholder Debate in Policy Implementation:An Evaluation of Bangladesh Leat...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
This paper focuses on stakeholder debate and conflict during policy implementation. In doing so it analyzed the reason behind the implementation snag of Bangladesh leather processing industry relocation policy, which is extreme stakeholder negotiation. Relevant stakeholders have been identified and their influence over the policy measure has been formulated. Underlying interactions among the stakeholders has been conceptually depicted to retrieve an image of the extreme stakeholder dispute behind this policy failure. Finally, based on the empirical evidence this policy measure has been evaluated in light of the effective participation of the concerned stakeholders.
Transport Sustainability of Dhaka: A Measure of Ecological Footprint and Mean...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
Sustainable city with sustainable transportation system in now become the heartiest demand for burgher, especially in a city like Dhaka; where ecological imbalance lead to unbearable livable condition with unsustainable growth in every sector resulting the degradation of life quality. Transportation sector in Dhaka is one of the major adherents behind ecological deterioration by emitting enormous CO2 in atmosphere. Thus this study aimed at determining the transport footprint for vehicles travel in Dhaka. The study estimates the CO2 emission from motorized vehicles using average emission factor method and then determines the average bio-capacity of Dhaka city to compare it with the footprint. The study finds out that only for vehicles CO2 emission and physical transportation network; the transport footprint is seventy times larger than the bio-capacity. In transportation sector of Dhaka; ecological footprint credibly depicts the present condition, that is not at all sustainable from environmental friendly transport system context and it also an absolute indication for future concerning transport development pattern and their holes. At this point for developing sustainable transportation system considering ecological balance; Transport Demand Management (TDM), low carbon transport, transit oriented development (TOD), and creation of green corridors can be of some greatest tools for Dhaka.
Background: Ecological Footprint assessment helps to identify what activities are having the biggest impact on nature and opens up possibilities to reduce our impact and live within the means of ‘one planet’. It provides measurement of collective consumption of the population whether they are exceeding the earth’s ecological limits or not. The introduction of ecological footprint has been very necessary for the context of Bangladesh especially in Dhaka, where the unplanned consumption pattern of the population is producing a very unsustainable situation. Objective: This study intends to introduce this new concept through calculating the Ecological Footprint Account (usually 90% of it consists with Carbon Footprint/Emission Account) of the prestigious residential area Dhanmondi, which is one of the major resource consuming area of Dhaka city. Method: A blending of ‘component’ and ‘direct’ method has been used. Questionnaire survey (in 240 HH) has been conducted to gather information about the consumption pattern for different components (i.e. energy, food, service etc.) in the households for the year 2011. Biocapacity of Dhanmondi RA is also measured from the bioproductive lands available within the area. Following the generated results, sustainability analysis has been done. Results: An enormous gap between demand (1.19 global hectare/person) and supply (0.02 global hectare/person) of natural resources has been observed from the scrutiny. Conclusion: Natural gas consumption for domestic purpose has been found as the main motive behind the high footprint figure compared to the national average followed by Electricity, Food and Transportation. Biocapacity has been discovered as very petite amount because of unplanned urban agglomeration.
Climate Change Adaptation through Multi-level Governance: Perspectives from C...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
Multi-level governance/hybrid governance and proliferation of actors in Environmental Governance can address the multi-scalar (spatially, socio-politically, and temporally) character of environmental problems (Lemos and Agrawal 2006; Ostrom 2010). On the other hand this proliferation or fragmentation can cause conflict among the actors and networks in terms of power balance and incentives (Siebenhüner 2003; Bulkeley 2005; McCormick 2011).
The multidimensional nature of climate change requires responses at multiple geographical and jurisdictional scales, levels of social and administrative organisation, and policy and resource sectors (Keskitalo 2010; Termeer et al. 2011). For this reason, multilevel governance – decision- and policy-making that involve multiple actors and take place across multiple jurisdictions and sectors – is critical for adaptation (Termeer et al. 2010). On the other hand multilevel governance, despite comprising a promising approach to cope with multi-scale and multi-sector issues, faces significant challenges in a climate adaptation context. One such challenge refers to the policy context in which it is implemented, which is very often complex and fragmented, and is characterised by a diversity of interacting climate and non-climate strategies (e.g., programs, plans, policies and legislation) (Termeer et al. 2011). Interaction between and among those strategies can create both synergetic and conflicting outcomes (Adger et al. 2005; Young 2006; K. Urwin and Jordan 2008).
This study will examines how climate change adaptation takes place in a complex multilevel governance system comprised by Coastal Areas of Bangladesh. It will map adaptation strategies (what are the existing adaptation policies and strategies?) and responsibilities (who has been developing/adopting such strategies?) at National, Divisional, District, Upazila (sub-disrict) and Union levels.
It will examines examples of adaptation strategies in terms of type of adaptation, its manifestation, purposefulness, drivers and triggers, and geographic and temporal scope. Interactions between strategies (how adaptation strategies relate to each other) will be investigated both at the same level of governance (horizontally) and across governance levels (vertically).
This will be the pioneer study regarding environmental governance in Bangladesh with a special focus on climate change adaptation. Moreover the insights and findings of this study can be used in other cross-cuting sctors (socio-economic) within the country.
Public Participation and Lay Knowledge in Environmental Governance: A Case St...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
This paper analyzes the debate of public participation within environmental governance process. In doing so, significance of local knowledge in climate change adaptation process has been evaluated. An adaptation project from the coastal areas of Bangladesh has been selected to reveal more specific result and to focus the study in a very specific angle. Local knowledge has been proved as a vital factor within the adaptation planning for coastal areas in the face of threat posed by climate change. Insights from similar studies has been drawn and evaluated. Finally public participation within the broader domain of environmental governance has been found inevitable.
Effectiveness of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Bangladesh PerspectiveShahadat Hossain Shakil
EIA as an environment management tool has been successful in terms of global awareness rising over the last four decades. Due to its rationalist approach it has been criticised about the inherent aim of influencing development decision and protecting the environment. Numerous researches have been performed to measure the ‘effectiveness of EIA’ which is still evolving as a domain. Four major criteria’s have been established till date. Effectiveness of Bangladesh EIA system has been explored with the help of those criteria’s. Procedural ineffectiveness seeks government measure in a couple areas mainly through institutional arrangement and capacity building. Substantive ineffectiveness reflects the global trend of failure to influence the development decision truly. Transactive effectiveness will be far reaching for a country like Bangladesh, depended on foreign aid largely. Normative effectiveness is still little known, but mass awareness about the environment through the debate regarding an ES report is a recent experience.
Does Distribution of Schools Matter in Human Development? - A Case Study of B...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
This paper investigates relationship between the distribution patterns of the schools and the human development index value of the respective study areas. In this study 50 upazilas have been selected out of 460 upazilas in Bangladesh. The distribution patterns of the primary and high school in each selected upazila have been analyzed through the “Nearest Neighbor Analysis” method. Then the value of Human Development Index (HDI) for each upazila has been determined. Finally a positive correlation between those two indices has been determined. This research can assist the policy makers to take proper decisions while selecting locations for schools keeping the broad view in mind which is development of that particular area.
Triangular interactions among climate, erosion and tectonics happen during the course of formation and development of a mountain range. In this study mountain range of Nyainqentanglha of Himalaya has been focused to assess which element played the vital role in this case. Altitude data of the catchments have been used as the primary key of analysis. Significant concentration of catchment areas near glacier equilibrium line altitudes (ELA) proved the presence of glacial buzzsaw mechanism. Swath analysis confirmed the presence of Teflon peak. Finally web of interrelationship has been explored behind the development of this mountainous range.
Technical and Financial Proposal-Consultancy Services for the Preparation of ...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
The cities and towns of Bangladesh are growing largely in an unplanned manner. Planned spatial and socio-economic development is essential for living and environmental quality of spaces. To ensure such quality of space for better living environment planned growth of Bakerganj region can hardly be over emphasized. The project titled 'Preparation of Bakerganj Upazilla Master Plan' comprises a small area in the south east region of the country. The approach & methodology, and work task to be performed to accomplish the stated objectives and activities stated in the Terms of Reference (ToR) are presented in this section.
Technical and Financial Proposal-Consultancy Services for the Preparation of ...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
The cities and towns of Bangladesh are growing largely in an unplanned manner. Planned spatial and socio-economic development is essential for living and environmental quality of spaces. To ensure such quality of space for better living environment planned growth of Bakerganj region can hardly be over emphasized. The project titled 'Preparation of Bakerganj Upazilla Master Plan' comprises a small area in the south east region of the country. The approach & methodology, and work task to be performed to accomplish the stated objectives and activities stated in the Terms of Reference (ToR) are presented in this section.
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If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
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The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
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@Pi_vendor_247
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how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
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@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
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I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
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Shift Share Analysis Based on Main Activity Sector of Selected Districts of Bangladesh
1. Plan 434
Regional Planning Studio
Shift Share Analysis Based on Main Activity Sectors
of
Selected Districts of Bangladesh
Submitted by:
Group 04
(0615015)
(0615019)
(0615020)
(0615030)
2. Course No: Plan 434
Course Title: Regional Planning Studio
Shift Share Analysis Based on Main Activity Sectors
of
Selected Districts of Bangladesh
Submitted to:
Dr. Ishrat Islam, Associate Professor, Dept. of URP, BUET
Dr. Afsana Haque, Assistant Professor, Dept. of URP, BUET
Anindya Kishore Debnath, Lecturer, Dept. of URP, BUET
Submitted by: Group-04
Imam Hossain
(06 15 015)
Tazrina Habib Ananya
(06 15 019)
Shahadat Hossain Shakil (06 15 020)
Khaled Bin Abdul Quader (06 15 030)
Level-4, Term-1
Date of Submission: 18th May, 2011
Department of Urban and Regional Planning
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
3. Acknowledgement
First and foremost, thanks to the merciful and benevolent Almighty to give us patience,
energy and capability to work hard for completing the report. We wish to express our earnest
gratitude and indebtedness to our respectable course teachers Dr. Israt Islam, Associate
Professor; Dr. Afsana Haque, Assistant Professor and Aninday Kishore Debnath, Lecturer
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, BUET for their intimate co-operation and
support, valuable advice, comment, constant encouragement and supervision which have
inspired us to carry out this study successfully. Thanks to the pre-researchers for their
meaningful, thoughtful works which enriched our knowledge.
i
4. Abstract
Shift share analysis is an effective regional planning tool to explore the regional
competitiveness and industrial composition. In this study the regional competitiveness among
the selected districts of Bangladesh in terms of regional employment figure in the main
activity sectors has been tried to develop. The comparative scenario among the several
districts has been figured out and the regional influencing factors behind that have been
analyzed.
ii
5. Table of Contents
Contents
Page No.
Acknowledgement
i
Abstract
ii
Table of contents
iii
List of illustrations
iv
Chapter-01: Introduction
1
1.1 Background of the Study
1
1.2 Concept of Shift Share Analysis
1
1.2 Objectives of the Study
2
1.3 Methodology of the Study
3
Chapter - 02: Analysis
4
2.1 Inter District Analysis
4
2.2 Intra District Analysis
5
2.3 Sector wise Analysis
13
Chapter – 03: Major Findings
14
3.1 Findings
14
3.2 Recommendations
14
3.3 Conclusion
15
References
Appendices
iii
6. List of Tables
Tables
Page No.
Table-1: Explanation of the Shift Share Components
2
T Table-2: Progressive and Less Progressive Districts of Each Sector
13
List of Figures
Figures
Page No.
Fig-1: Schematic Diagram of the Methodology
3
Fig-2: Shift Share components of different activity sectors
6
(based on employment data) of Bagerhat district
Fig-3: Shift Share components of different activity sectors
7
(based on employment data) of Khulna district
Fig-4: Shift Share components of different activity sectors
8
(based on employment data) of Faridpur district
Fig-5: Shift Share components of different activity sectors
9
(based on employment data) of Kishoreganj district
Fig-6: Shift Share components of different activity sectors
10
(based on employment data) of Narsingdi district
Fig-7: Shift Share components of different activity sectors
11
(based on employment data) of Rajbari district
Fig-8: Shift Share components of different activity sectors
11
(based on employment data) of Satkhira district
Fig-9: Shift Share components of different activity sectors
12
(based on employment data) of Netrokona district
Fig-10: Shift Share components of different activity sectors
(based on employment data) of Shariatpur district
iv
13
7. PLAN 434
Regional Planning Studio
Chapter - 01: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Shift share analysis is a traditional tool in the regional planning discipline. Through a
descriptive analysis of the productive structure, it allows the comparison of regional
differences within a country, region or state. Shift share analysis is one way to account for the
competitiveness of a region's industries and to analyze the local economic base. This analysis
is primarily used to decompose employment changes within an economy over a specific
period of time into mutually exclusive factors. Like other analytical economic tools, the shift
share technique is only a descriptive tool that should be used in combination with other
analysis to provide a summary of a region's key employment potential industries.
1.2 Concept of Shift Share Analysis
As a regional planning tool shift share analysis explores the scenario of economic growth of a
region which is generated by a national growth in that sector, supportive industry mix and
comparative advantage of that particular region. The shift-share analysis divides the change
in local industry employment into three components:
National Growth Share (Nj): The share of local job growth that can be attributed to growth
of the national economy. Specifically, if the nation as a whole is experiencing employment
growth, ("a rising tide lifts all boats"), one would expect total national growth to exert a
positive growth influence on the local area.
Industrial Mix/Proportionality Shift (Pj): The industrial mix or proportionality shift
component reflects differences in industry “mix” between the local and national levels. The
mix-factor examines how national growth or decline of a particular industry translates into
local growth or decline of that industry.
Local Share/Regional Shift/Differential Shift (Dj): This share of local job growth describes
the extent to which factors unique to the local area have caused growth or decline in regional
employment of an industrial group. Even during periods of general prosperity, some regions
and some industries grow faster than others do. This is usually attributed to some local
comparative advantage such as natural resources, linked industries, or favorable local labor
situations.
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8. PLAN 434
Regional Planning Studio
The formula of calculating various components of shift share analysis are given below.
National Share, Nj = ∑ [ Eijo(Et/Eo) – Eijo]
Proportionality Shift Component, Pj = ∑ [(Eit/Eio)-(Et/Eo)]Eijo
Differential Shift Component, Dj = ∑ [(Eijt/Eijo)-(Eit/Eio)]Eijo
Total Regional Growth, Gj = Ejt – Ejo = Nj + Pj + Dj
Total Net Shift Component, (P+D)j = Ejt – (Et/Eo)Ejo = Gj – Nj
Where, Ej = total employment in region j; E = total national employment
o,t = initial and terminal period; i = industry subscript
Table-1: Explanation of the Shift Share Components
Total Regional Growth<National Growth
+
Industry of interest is growing
Industry of interest is declining
+
Local competitiveness is present for economic growth
-
Differential Shift
Component
Total Regional Growth>National Growth
-
Proportionality Shift
Component
+
-
Net Shift Component
Local competiveness is absent for economic growth
1.3 Objectives of the Study
To find out the regional employment growth of the selected districts and contribution
of shift share components.
To identify the influential factors of the regional growth and the probable reason
behind that.
To carry out inter regional comparison of shift share components.
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9. PLAN 434
Regional Planning Studio
1.4 Methodology of the Study
To achieve the stated objectives employment data according to main activity sector of the
selected 9 districts (Figure: Appendix-A) of Bangladesh has been collected for the two time
frames 1991 and 2001 (Table: Appendix-A1). All districts data has been compiled to find out
the national employment change and the sector/activity wise employment change nationally,
over the time period (Table: Appendix-A1). Then by applying the shift share analysis formula
the regional growth of the selected districts has been determined. During the calculation
process the three different share and shift component (national share, proportionality shift and
differential shift) for every activity sector of every district has been obtained (Table: AppendixA2). These values are further used in the analysis stage to carry out the intra and inter regional
analysis. The intra regional analysis in terms of the most influential activity sector in the
regional growth and the factors behind that has been figured out. Inter regional comparison in
terms of regional growth component and activity wise prominent districts have been sorted in
the later stage. After the analysis process the major findings has been listed out and a report
has been prepared to describe and elaborate the whole process.
Project identification and fixation of objectives
Data collection and compilation
Calculation of shift share components
Intra and inter regional analysis
Major findings and report preparation
Figure-1: Schematic Diagram of the Methodology
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10. PLAN 434
Regional Planning Studio
Chapter - 02: Analysis
2.1 Inter District Analysis
To achieve one of the objective of the study inter regional or inter district comparison has
been carried out in terms of regional employment growth (Figure-1: Appendix-B). Meanwhile
the shift share components have been also compared among the districts to assess the major
factor behind the regional employment growth (Figure-1, 2: Appendix-B).
The analysis has been carried out by comparing the percentage change values of the national
share, proportionality shift, differential shift and regional growth with respect to the total
employment in the respective region in 1991 (Table: Appendix-B1). The percentage change
instead of absolute values has been used to assess the actual magnitude of the change and to
find out the actual progressive regions. If absolute values are used in the analysis process it
may can give wrong scenario; because if any regions total employment data is already high in
the previous time frame it will give a higher values for all shift share components than a
region which had a lower total regional employment data in the past though the two region
experiencing same kind of growth. So to explore the actual change the percentage change
values has been used for this purpose.
The absolute values of the shift share components have been used to compare the percentage
composition of the regional growth among the regions (Table: Appendix-B1).
The comparison of the shift share component among the selected 9 districts is illustrated in
the next page (Figure-1: Appendix-B). From that illustration it can be summarized that only
Bagerhats regional employment growth crossed the national employment growth during the
study period 1991-2001. The rest of the districts regional employment growth is less than the
national employment growth. The factor responsible for the high regional growth of Bagerhat
is the positive differential shift component of Bagerhat. That means the local advantage/local
factors played an influential role for the regional employment change. The reverse situation
can be found for Narsingdi district. It has the lowest regional employment growth followed
by the highest negative differential shift of employment growth.
From the illustrations, inter district comparison of employment growth and shift share
components (Figure-1: Appendix-B) and the comparison of percentage composition of the
regional growth among the regions (Figure-2: Appendix-B); it can be seen positive regional
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11. PLAN 434
Regional Planning Studio
growth occurred mainly because of the national share. Its contribution is the maximum. But
the main influential factor behind the variation of the regional employment growth among the
districts is the differential shift component. In the districts where the differential shift
component is positive it experienced a better regional growth and vice versa. The
proportionality shift component played a weak role in case of regional employment change
for all the districts.
In summary from the above analysis it can be stated that only Bagerhat is expanding better
than the national trend, the rest of the district is lag behind in this case. The national declining
trend of the activity sectors very weakly influenced the regional growth. The local level
growth of the activity sectors in the selected districts is poor and hampering the net regional
employment growth.
The regional growth scenario with respect to the national growth is represented with the help
of a map (Figure-3: Appendix-B2). In that map the selected districts has been classified into 4
classes according to their comparative situation of regional growth with respect the national
growth. From that map it can be summarized that maximum districts experienced a regional
growth ranging half to two-third of the national growth. The percentage value of the regional
employment growth of the respective regions with respect to the national employment growth
is shown in the appendix. (Table: Appendix-B1)
2.2 Intra District Analysis
For intra regional analysis total regional growth of a district and employment growth of each
sector of that district has been considered. Regional growth is consists of three Shift Share
components and each of these components has its distinct impact. To analyze the influence of
these three components on sectoral employment growth of each region column charts has
been used. As for all the activity sectors regional growth is not same, if charts have been
drown with the absolute value of growth of all the sectors it will not represent the
contribution of each Shift Share components properly. So, growth of each sector has been
considered as 100% for a better representation. In Intra regional analysis one aim is to find
out the striking factors for a district and to identify the possible reasons behind that. For
discovering the remarkable factors differential shift component has been considered as it is
the main influential component for a regional growth which separates one region from
another.
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12. PLAN 434
Regional Planning Studio
Bagerhat District
In Bagerhat district the national share component has the major impact on total regional
employment growth. More than 50% employment growth of Bagerhat district has been
generated because of national employment growth. It has been also found that the
contribution of Differential shift component is also vital which implies almost 40% share of
regional growth. So it could be said that that Bagerhat has some local advantages which has
influenced the employment growth in this district. But the proportionality shift has a negative
impact on the employment growth. There is a little decrease in total employment because of
the composition pattern of different sectors in Bagerhat.
One remarkable factor of Bagerhat is it has an employment growth in agricultural sectors
more than national employment growth of this sector. When in most of the districts
differential shifts of agriculture sector contain a negative value, Bagerhat has a positive value
which is because of any local influential factor of this district. This influential factor is may
be the huge production of Shrimp in Bagerhat. In this district 36.24% people’s main income
source is fishing and there are 12563 fisheries (Shrimp cultivation) in Bagerhat. Bagerhat has
a large amount of Shrimp production than any other district of Bangladesh which makes great
impact on its employment growth in agricultural sector.
Percentage
Shift share components of Bagerhat district
100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
-25%
-50%
-75%
Activity sectors
National Share(N)
Proportionality Shift(P)
Differential Shift(D)
Fig-2: Shift Share components of different activity sectors (based on employment data) of
Bagerhat district
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Business sector has a negative differential shift in Bagerhat; it states that employment growth
in this sector was less the national employment growth of this sector. One reason behind it
could be the inefficiency of Mongla port in previous years. The Port is the principal Port of
the Bangladesh but it been facing some problems, as a result the loading and unloading of
goods have being very slow. For its inefficiency there could be an increase in employment of
business sector in Bagerhat.
Khulna District
In Khulna district more than 50% employment growth has been generated because of national
employment growth. Proportionality shift has a very mild impact on regional employment
growth but differential shift has negatively influenced the employment growth. It could be
recognized that employment in this district has grew more slowly than the nation because of
regional share effects.
In Khulna differential shift for agriculture has a positive value which implies that this sector
has been flourishing in this district for any local advantage. This advantage is may be the
large quantity of Jute production in Khulna which generates many employments in this
sector. Employment growth of Industry is also fast growing in Khulna then the national
employment growth in industry. It may be for concentration of several industries in Khulna
like Shipyard, Jute mills, Paper mills, Hard board mills, Textile mills, Steel mills. Many new
mills have been established under private ownership and generated a large number of
employments. Because of establishment of some new Educational institutes, Health services,
Percentage
Banks and NGOs employment in service sector has been also increased.
100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
-25%
-50%
-75%
Shift share components of Khulna district
Activity sectors
National Share(N)
Proportionality Shift(P)
Differential Shift(D)
Fig-3: Shift Share components of different activity sectors (based on employment data) of
Khulna district
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Faridpur District
In Faridpur district influence of national employment growth is very much prominent upon
regional employment growth. More than 75% employment growth in this district has been
generated because of national employment growth. Impact of proportionality shift is very few
and differential shift has a negative influence. It means because of some location
disadvantage there is a few decrease in employment growth.
Percenrage
Shift share components of Faridpur district
100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
-25%
-50%
-75%
Activity sectors
National Share(Nj)
Proportionality Shift(Pj)
Differential Shift(Dj)
Fig-4: Shift Share components of different activity sectors (based on employment data) of
Faridpur district
In Faridpur district agriculture sector has a negative differential shift. A possible reason
behind this could be a decline of jute industry due to low prices on the international market
which leads to shutting down of many jute plants. Urbanization could also be a reason behind
decreasing no. of employment in agricultural sector. There is an increase in employment of
transportation and communication sector than the national growth which may be for
construction of new roads
Kishoreganj District
In Kishoreganj district national employment growth has a great influence on regional
employment growth. More than 75% of regional growth has been occurred as a result of
national employment growth. Proportionality shift has a little impact and differential shift has
a negative influence which means that there is a concentration of slow growing sectors.
Employment in agricultural sector in Kishoreganj could not be able to grow as like as the
national employment growth of agriculture. One reason behind it could be a decrease in egg
production which is the main agricultural product of Kishoreganj. In 1998 egg production has
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been reduced due to flood and may people stopped poultry farming. Employment in Industry
sector also could not grow as national employment growth of industry these may be for
shutting down of some mills in Kishoreganj like Kalia Chapra Sugar Mill, Kishoreganj Sugar
Mill, and Badam Tail Mills. Employment in Service sector has been increased may be
because of establishment of new service facilities like Jahurul Islam Medical College and
Hospital which started its journey in a broad scale from 1992.
Percentage
Shift share components of Kishoreganj district
100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
-25%
-50%
-75%
National Share(N)
Activity Sectors
Proportionality Shift(P)
Differential Shift(D)
Fig-5: Shift Share components of different activity sectors (based on employment data) of
Kishoreganj district
Narsingdi District
In Narshindi District more than 60% employment growth has been generated as an impact of
national employment growth. Differential shift comprises a negative value which means that
because of some local factors employment growth has faced obstacle and could not grow as
the national growth.
Employment growth of agriculture sector in Narsingdi could not be as the national
employment growth of this sector. The main reason behind this could be the rapid
urbanization of this district. The urbanization rate of this district is faster than other district
because of close proximity with Dhaka. May be there is shift of employment from
agricultural sector to business and service sector. Narsingdi has large amount of employment
in Water, Gas, Electricity sector other districts. The possible reason behind this would be the
large no. of employment engaged in Narsingdi gas field and Ghorashal power plant.
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Shift share components of Narsingdi district
100%
Percentage
75%
50%
25%
0%
-25%
-50%
National Share(N)
Activity sectors
Proportionality Shift(P)
Differential Shift(D)
Fig-6: Shift Share components of different activity sectors (based on employment data) of
Narsingdi district
Rajbari District
In Rajbari district the main influential component on regional growth is National share. More
than 75% employment growth has been generated because of national employment growth.
But the local factors could not make an employment growth in Rajbari, so the differential
shift is negative for this district. Proportionality shift is also negative which implies that there
is a concentration of slow growing sectors.
In Rajbari employment growth in agriculture could not be as fast as national employment
growth in agriculture which is may be because of urbanization. As Rajbari is located at near
Dhaka, it has faced a rapid urbanization which results a decline of cropped land and as well
as employment in agriculture. Several development projects have been completed within
1991 in Rajbari which generated a large no. of employment in transportation and
communication sector.
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Percentage
Shift share components of Rajbari district
100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
-25%
-50%
-75%
National Share(N)
Activity Sectors
Proportionality Shift(P)
Differential Shift(D)
Fig-7: Shift Share components of different activity sectors (based on employment data) of
Rajbari district
Satkhira District
In Satkhira contribution of national employment growth is very significant on regional
employment growth as national share component contains 80% share of regional growth.
Differential shift and proportionality shift has negative influence which implies that the
composition pattern and local factors could not contribute in regional employment growth.
Percentage
.
100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
-25%
-50%
-75%
Shift share components of Satkhira district
Activty Sectors
National Share(N)
Proportionality Shift(P)
Differential Shift(D)
Fig-8: Shift Share components of different activity sectors (based on employment data) of
Satkhira district
In Satkhira there is a remarkable increase in employment of service sector than the national
employment growth of service sector. It may be because of increased no. of Educational
institutes, Health services, Banks, NGOs and Co-operative societies
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Netrokona District
In Netrokona dstrict 60% of total employment growth has been took place due to national
employment growth. Proportionality shift and differential shift has negatively influenced the
regional growth.
In Netrokona employment growth in agriculture is less the national employment growth of
agriculture which has influenced by any local factor. May be it happened because of shifting
of large amount of labors to abroad. There is a employment growth in Transportation and
communication sectors more than the national employment growth of this sector which may
be due to several new development projects.
Percentage
Shift share components of Netrokona district
100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
-25%
-50%
-75%
Activity Sectors
National Share(N)
Proportionality Shift(P)
Differential Shift(D)
Fig-9: Shift Share components of different activity sectors (based on employment data) of
Netrokona district
Shariatpur District
In Satriatpur district national share component contains 60% share of regional growth and
differential shift has a negative influence on regional employment growth.
Employment in agriculture could not cope up with national growth. As the amount of
cropped land has decreased the employment in agriculture has also decreased. Employment
growth in industry sector is more than the national growth, may be because of concentration
of many cottage industry.
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Percentage
Shift share components of Shariatpur district
100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
-25%
-50%
-75%
Activity Sectors
National Share(N)
Proportionality Shift(P)
Differential Shift(D)
Fig-10: Shift Share components of different activity sectors (based on employment data) of
Shariatpur district
2.3 Sector wise Analysis
In sector wise analysis the aim is to compare the employment growth of each sector in
different districts. Employment growth has been calculated in percentage for different sectors
of each district with respect to the employment of that sector in 1991 (Figure-4: Appendix-B3
and Table: Appendix-B4). From the figure it could be easily recognized that which sector is
progressive in which district and which sector is less progressive in which district. This is
shown in Table-2 in a summarized form.
Table-2: Progressive and Less Progressive Districts of Each Sector
Activity Sector
Progressive District
Less Progressive District
Household Work
Rajbari, Shatkhira
Shariatpur
Agriculture
Khulna, Bagerhat
Narsingdi
Industry
Khulna, Faridpur
Netrokona, Bagerhat,
Water/Electricity/Gas
Shatkhira, Bagerhat
Netrokona,Kishoreganj
Shatkhira, Khulna
Construction
Rajbari,Faridpur,
Shatkhira
Transportation
Netrokona,Rajbari
Kishoreganj
Khulna
&Communication
Business
Kishoreganj
Bagerhat
Service
Shatkhira
Rajbari, Bagerhat
Others
Bagerhat
Khulna, Netrokona, Shariatpur,Faridpur
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Chapter – 03: Major Findings
3.1 Findings
National Growth
National employment growth is in a positive trend (14.4%) over the time period 19912001 reflecting a developing and rising economic scenario.
National employment growth (14.4%) has a significant influence on the regional
growth of each sector of each region.
In most of the region the regional growth is positive because of national share; which
reflect nationally moderate policy making and resource allocation for the regional
level development but the failure of the regions own capability to generate
employment opportunities through local level investments.
Industrial Mix
Household; Agriculture; Water, Gas, Electricity and Service – these four sectors
could not flourish like the National Trend.
Industry; Construction; Transportation and Communication; Business and Others
– these sectors has been expanded more than National Trend.
The overall scenario of the industrial mix in the studied region is the declination of
agricultural and service sector and the rising of industry and construction sector which
is the indicator of a developing countries economy of the third world country.
Regional/ Local Factors
Different local factors have the crucial influence on regional growth such as local
climatic advantage (i.e. salty water of Bagerhat for shrimp production), geographical
location advantage (i.e. location of Khulna district near sea for shipyard industry) etc.
The variation in the regional among the region is mainly because of regional shift.
Most of the regions total regional growth is not highly supported by the local
employment growth because of the lack of prosperity in maximum sector at the local
level.
3.2 Recommendations
Encouragement in the regional/district level investment in the relatively weak sectors
(i.e Agriculture, Service etc.) to generate more employment.
Using the local advantage of the regions in a more fruitful way to generate more
employment by using the limited resources in a more effective way.
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3.3 Conclusion
Regional competitiveness and industrial variation can be analyzed through the shift share
analysis. By using this traditional descriptive tool the potential sectors of any region and the
possible local factors behind that can be identified. The regional shifting of various factors
among various sectors can be analyzed but it cannot be explicitly pinpointed. Though it is a
very effective tool for analyzing the industrial structure of a region it should be used in
combination with the other regional analysis and helping database to assess the reasons
behind the shift and share more explicitly.
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23. References:
1. Banglapedia; National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/english/index.htm
2. Community Series; Population Census of Bangladesh 2001. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
3. Debnath, A. K., Islam, M. R., Daisy, N. S., & Mouri, S. J. (2009). Application of Shift Share in
Regional Growth Analysis: Dhaka, Narayanganj and Munshiganj. Dhaka: Department of Urban and
Regional Planning.
4. Glasson, J. (1974). An Introduction to Regional Planning(Cocepts, Theory and Practice). London:
Hutchinson & Co (Publishers) Ltd.
5. Wikipedia; The Free Encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.bbs.gov.bd/RptZillaProfile.aspx
6. Zilla Profile. (n.d.). Retrieved from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics:
http://www.bbs.gov.bd/RptZillaProfile.aspx
7. Zilla Series; Population Census of Bangladsesh 1991. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
8. MA Jabbar, MH Rahman, RK Talukder , SK Raha. Alternative institutinal arrangement for contract
farming in Poultry production in Bangladesh and their impacts on equity. (2007). Retrieved March
30, 2011, from www.mahider.ilri.org:
http://mahider.ilri.org/bitstream/10568/217/1/ResearchReport_No7.pdf
9. Jahurul Islam Medical College and Hospital. Retrieved May 15, 2011, from www.jimedcol.org:
http://www.jimedcol.org/index2.htm
10. Financial Express. Retrieved May 15, 2011, from www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com:
http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/search_index.php?page=detail_news&news_id=70460