William Tecumseh Sherman led the March to the Sea from May to December 1864. His goal was to take Atlanta, a key railway hub supplying the Confederacy, and break Southern morale. Sherman's army of 100,000 men faced 50,000 Confederates led by Joseph Johnston, who was cautious and unwilling to fully commit to battle. Through flanking maneuvers, Sherman pushed Johnston back toward Atlanta over several months of skirmishing. On September 1st, Sherman's forces had surrounded Atlanta, forcing Confederate General John Bell Hood to evacuate the city. Sherman then ordered all civilians to leave Atlanta within 5 days before burning the city to the ground, destroying its ability to support the South.