The document discusses the later phases of the American Civil War from 1863 to its conclusion, highlighting key battles such as Gettysburg and the strategies employed by General Ulysses S. Grant. It addresses the shift to total war, impacts on civilian life, and the enormous casualties experienced by both the Union and Confederate forces. Additionally, it touches on societal changes, including the roles women took on and the economic consequences of the war.

1. Later Phase – 1863 to End
Technology, Medicine,
and Society
http://www.clangrant-us.org/ulysses_s_grant.htmhttp://www.sfmuseum.org/bio/sherman.html

2. Open the “Focus Points” document – it will
tell you what topics you are expected to
recognize once you’re done.
If you see an audio icon, click on it. Some
slides have narration; some do not.
Review the slide show and take notes in
your preferred format. If you are given a
notes outline, please use it.

3. Continued Union failure in the East
• Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville
• Stonewall Jackson killed by friendly fire
Continued success in the West
• Forces under Ulysses S. Grant won Forts Henry
and Donelson & Shiloh
• Capture of New Orleans gave Union full control of
Mississippi River

4. “The proportions of this rebellion were
not for a long time understood. I saw that
it involved the greatest difficulties, and
would call forth all the powers of the
whole country.”
--June 2, 1863

5.  Second planned
invasion of Northern
soil
 Distract Union from war
in the West
 End civilian support for
the war
 Gettysburg, PA –
supply of shoes in town
 Union already had the
high ground

6. "Seconds are centuries, minutes ages. Men
fire into each other's face, not five feet apart.
There are bayonet thrusts, sabre strokes,
pistol shots...men going down on their hands
and knees, spinning round like tops,
throwing out their arms, gulping blood,
falling; legless, armless, headless. There are
ghastly heaps of dead men."-
Survivor of Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg

7. http://www.historyking.com/images/How-Many-People-Died-In-The-Battle-Of-
Gettysburg.jpg
http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/gettysburg-battle-pictures.htm

8. The Gettysburg Address
http://uspoliticsguide.com/US-Politics-Directory/US-Politcal-Historical-Speeches/Gettysburg-Address.htm
http://www.freeaudio.org/alincoln/gettysbur
gaddress.mp3

9.  Last major offensive action of the armies
of the CSA
 Outcome was so bad for South, Lee
offered to resign
 Forced South to return to a defensive
strategy
 Union troops’ numerical advantage
overwhelmed South
 Lincoln defined vision of postwar America

10. “We have met a man this
time, who either does not
know when he is whipped,
or who cares not if he loses
his whole army.” – Southern
soldier
“I cannot spare this man.
He fights.” – Abraham
Lincoln

11. …on February 26, 1864 Congress resurrected the
rank of lieutenant general, held previously only by
George Washington. …Lincoln was heard to say, "I
don't know General Grant's plans, and I don't want to
know them. Thank God, I've got a general at last!"
http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/UlyssesSGrant http://sachemlibrary.org/department/reference/advisor/Linc
http://faculty.css.edu/mkelsey/usgrant/rank.html

12. “The art of war is simple enough. Find out where
your enemy is. Get at him as soon as you can. Strike
him as hard as you can, and keep moving on.”
Not afraid of casualties
Understands Northern advantages
• Forces Lee to keep men in the field
Uses war of attrition to his advantage
• Sieges of Vicksburg and Petersburg can’t be broken
by smaller Confederate forces
• Movement on Richmond (Confederate capital)
Shift to “total war” approach

13. All available resources (people and
materials) are dedicated to the war effort.
Civilians are targeted along with military.
http://thinkexist.com/quotation/the_art_of_war_is_simple_enough-find_out_where/150884.html
Total War
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_war
We are not only fighting hostile
armies, but a hostile people, and we
must make old and young, rich and
poor, feel the hard hand of war. –
William T. Sherman, about the
burning of Atlanta

14. “If the people raise a
howl against my
barbarity and cruelty, I
will answer that war is
war, and not
popularity-seeking. If
they want peace, they
and their relatives
must stop the war.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman

15. Divide upper South from lower South
Deprive Confederacy of crops, supplies,
materials, transportation
http://langecivilwar4b.wikispaces.com/Shermans+March+to+the+Sea

16.  Grant surrounds
Richmond
 Grant, Sherman,
Sheridan on the move
 Sheridan’s forces
surround Lee’s army
 Lee offers surrender,
April 9th, 1865.
 The last Confederate
army did not
surrender until June
of 1865. http://www.old-picture.com/civil-war/Appomattox-Virginia-House-McLean.htm

17.  Outnumbered,
outgunned, outspent
 RRDs, telegraph,
rifles made Fabian
strategy (avoiding
battles) useless
 Would not use
guerrilla warfare until
end
 Confederate gov’t
made it hard to
coordinate efforts
http://etc.usf.edu/maps/pages/2800/2889/2889.htm

19. Railroads
Aerial
Observation
http://www.aeragon.com/03/
Communication
(Telegraph)
Photography
Torpedoes
Mines
Ironclad ships
(later became
submarines)
Rifles

22. How the war affected everyday life

23. http://www.proteacher.com/redirect.php?goto=4305

24. Both sides were forced to use conscription
(the draft) to fill their ranks.
• South – Spring of 1862, North – 1863
• Draft riots in NYC – worst riots in US history
Both sides allowed the wealthy to avoid
the draft by paying a fine or hiring a
substitute.
• South – needed plantation farming
• North – immigrants often enlisted multiple times

25. http://www.civilwar-pictures.com/articles/civil-war-art/civil-war-
posters/
http://www.learner.org/courses/amerhistory/resource
_archive/resource.php?unitChoice=9&ThemeNum=1
&resourceType=1&resourceID=10002

26.  620,000 + men died (1 in 4 soldiers); one-third
from battle wounds
 Fatalities - Three of five Union soldiers and two
of three Confederate soldiers died of disease
and infection, not battle wounds (yellow
fever, malaria, small pox, typhoid, dysentery, to
name a few)
 The nickname, “sawbones” comes from this era
 The only available treatment for injury:
Amputation

27. http://ejhscomp.pbworks.com/f/Ethan_MinieBall.html
http://firearmshistory.blogspot.com/2010/05/rifling-expanding-bullets-and-minie.html
http://stonesrivertrading.com/bullets_and_cartridges.htm

29. http://www.civilwarhome.com/medicinehistory.htm
http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war-medicine.htm
http://www.braceface.com/medical/Civil_War_Articles/Civil_
War_medical_containers_bottles_jars_tins.htm
http://www.middletownfreelibrary.org/?p=3743
http://www.totalgettysburg.com/civil-war-
surgery.html

30. http://www.old-picture.com/civil-war/Drummer-Civil-Boys-War.htm
While watching these battle
lines so grand to look upon, but
so terrible to think of when you
remember the frightful waste of
human lives they caused, the
call came; "Bring the stretchers,
a man hurt." Myself and Demas
took the stretchers to look for
the man, … who proved to be
Bradford (our older brother) ....
We were little more than
children and the shock to us
can be better imagined than
described. …We carried him to
the shallow ditch by the railroad
a few rods to the rear, where the
temporary field hospital was
located… We then placed him in
an ambulance still alive and
conscious. We bid him goodbye
and never saw him again. He
only lived a short time and
occupies an unknown grave.

31. Nursing opens to women
• Influenced by example of Florence Nightingale
• Clara Barton – American Red Cross founder
• Catholic nuns – treated all victims
Women in charge of the home front
Spies
• Harriet Tubman

32. “What could I do
but go with them
[the soldiers], or
work for them and
my country? The
patriot blood of my
father was warm in
my veins.”
“I may sometimes
be willing to teach
for nothing, but if
paid at all, I shall
never do a man's
work for less than
a man's pay.”

33.  Morrill Tariff Act
 Homestead Act of
1862
 Morrill Land Grant
Act
 Pacific Railway Act
– 1863
 National Bank Act
Laws to encourage western settlement that
the South couldn’t block in Congress

34. Increased industrialization of North
• Shortage of labor
• Increased mechanization (using machines)
• Bigger gap between wealthy and poor
Destruction of Southern infrastructure/
economy
Freedom for black Americans; backlash
and resentment from whites
Growth of the West and rise of farmers’
groups

35. Oh, I'm a good old rebel
Now that’s just what I am
And for this Yankee nation
I do not give a damn.
I'm glad I fit (fought) against 'er
I only wish we'd won
I ain't asked any pardon
For anything I've done.
I hates the Yankee nation
And eveything they do
I hates the declaration
Of independence too.
I hates the glorious union
'Tis dripping with our blood
I hates the striped banner
And fit (fought) it all I could.
I rode with Robert E. Lee
For three years there about
Got wounded in four places
And I starved at Pint Lookout.
I coutch the roomatism
Campin' in the snow
But I killed a chance of Yankees
And I'd like to kill some mo'.
Three hundred thousand Yankees
Is stiff in southern dust
We got three hundred thousand
Before they conquered us.
They died of southern fever
And southern steel and shot
I wish they was three million
Instead of what we got.
I can't take up my musket
And fight 'em down no mo'
But I ain't a-goin' to love 'em
Now that is serten sho. (certain
sure.)
And I don't want no pardon
For what I was and am
I won't be reconstructed
And I do not give a damn.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAfHig
PsC_s

36. “The Veteran in a New Field”