Basic Contraception ideas for STI

1. Why is it important to have
sexual education?

2. Course Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students must have been able to:
A.Appreciate the value of sexual responsibility through a
deep analysis on STI and Methods of Contraception;
B.Formulate a comprehensive essay on how contraceptives
prevent STI;
C.Relate the importance of sexual education to understanding
STI and Methods of Contraception

3. STI and
Methods of Contraception

4. What does STI stand for?

5. Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)
• Most STIs have no symptoms
• A person can have an STI and not know it
Why would you be at greater risk of getting an STI
that doesn't cause any symptoms?

6. Answer “yes” or “no”.
•Vaginal sex
•Anal sex
•Oral sex
•Transmission from mother to
baby during childbirth
How do you think someone can
get an STI?
• Skin to Skin contact
• Sharing equipment
• Exchange of bodily
fluids

7. There are 3 types of STIs
1. Bacterial
2. Parasitic
3. Viral
Do you know?

8. ➔Bacterial STIs (A sexually transmitted
infection caused by bacteria. Bacteria are living
organisms that can reproduce on their own.)
➢Chlamydia
➢Gonorrhea
➢Syphilis

9. • Among the most common
bacterial STIs in the world
• Passed by having unprotected
oral, anal or vaginal sex
• Condoms can help prevent the
spread of chlamydia during
vaginal/anal sex
• Condoms or dental dams can
be used for protection during
oral sex
• Most people have no
symptoms
➢Chlamydia

10. Male
• itching of the penis
• pain while urinating
• discharge from the penis
• in some cases, there may
also be pain or swelling of
the testicles
• about half of men will
have no symptoms and many
will have only mild
symptoms
Possible symptoms of chlamydia
Female
• burning while urinating
• vaginal discharge or a change in
normal discharge
• bleeding between menstrual
cycles, or during/after intercourse
• increase in pain during
menstruation or during intercourse
• abdominal or lower back pain
• occasionally causes fever and
chills

11. Chlamydia

12. • The infection can be cured with a single dose of antibiotics
• A person can get the infection again, so their partners
should also be tested
Do you think Chlamydia is curable?
Remember chlamydia is CURABLE!

13. • Sexually transmitted bacterial infection
• Passed along by having unprotected oral,
anal or vaginal sex
• Most people have no symptoms
➢Gonorrhea

14. Many women do not have symptoms.
Those who do have symptoms may
experience:
• Burning during urination
• Rectal pain, itching, bleeding
discharge
• Vaginal bleeding or pain
• Yellowish-white vaginal discharge
Some men may have very mild
symptoms or no symptoms at all.
Those who do may experience:
• Discharge from the penis
• Burning when urinating
• Painful/swollen testicles

15. Do you think Gonorrhea can be prevented?
• Condoms can help prevent the
spread of gonorrhea during vaginal
or anal sex
• Condoms or dental dams can be
used for protection during oral sex

16. • The infection can be cured with antibiotics
• A person can get the infection again, so their
partners should also be tested
Is Gonorrhea curable?
Remember gonorrhea is CURABLE!

17. • Rare sexually transmitted bacterial
infection
• Can cause serious damage to the
body if not cured, including death
• Passed along by having unprotected
oral, anal or vaginal sex
• Some people have no symptoms at
all
• Syphilis produces a wide range of
symptoms that are often confused
with other illnesses
➢Syphilis

18. Latent Syphilis (3rd Stage)
• Latent syphilis occurs after
secondary syphilis
• Typically, there are no symptoms
• How can I be tested for syphilis?
• A blood test is done
Symptoms vary depending on the stage of the infection:
Primary Syphilis (1st Stage)
• 3 days to 3 months after
contact
• A painless open sore develops
around the genitals, rectum
and/or mouth
• The sore will heal on its own,
but the infection remains
Secondary Syphilis (2nd Stage)
• 2 to 24 weeks after exposure
• A rash can develop anywhere on the body,
including on the palms of the hands and
soles of the feet.
• Flu-like symptoms develop, including
headache, slight fever, fatigue, loss of
appetite, weight loss, and sore throat

19. Syphilis

20. How do you think syphilis can be prevented?
• Condoms can help prevent the spread of
syphilis during vaginal or anal sex
• Condoms or dental dams can be used for
protection during oral sex

21. • The infection can be cured antibiotics
• A person can get the infection again, so their
partners should also be tested
Do you think syphilis is curable?
Remember syphilis is CURABLE!

22. ➔Parasitic STIs (A sexually transmitted
infection that’s caused by a parasite, rather than
bacteria or a virus.)
➢Pubic lice
➢Scabies
➢Trichomoniasis

23. ➢Pubic lice
The lice attach their
eggs to the pubic
hair and feed on
human blood.

24. ➢Scabies
Caused by the itch mite.
It burrows just under the
skin and lays eggs.
The scabies mite can
live for 2-4 days away
from the human body; it
can be transmitted
without sexual contact.

25. ➢Trichomoniasis
Caused by a
parasite that is
usually sexually
transmitted, but it
can survive 24
hours on wet towels
and bathing suits

26. ❏ Signs and
symptoms of a
parasitic STI
•Intense itchiness
•Reddish rash
•Pain during sex or
urination
•Vaginal discharge
★ How are parasitic STIs
treated?
•Shampoo – special shampoo
to kill lice or scabies
•Lotion - special shampoo to
kill lice or scabies
•Ointment- special shampoo
to kill lice or scabies
•Antibiotic – used to treat
Trichomoniasis

27. How to prevent parasitic STIs?
Trichomoniasis
•Condoms will
help prevent the
spread
Pubic lice and Scabies
•Avoid sharing towels and
clothing that have not been
washed
•When trying on bathing suits
or underwear in the store
always wear something
underneath

28. ➔ Viral STIs (A sexually transmitted infection that’s
caused by a virus. Unlike bacteria, viruses are not
living organisms and need a host cell in order to
replicate and survive.)
➢ Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
➢ Herpes
➢ Hepatitis
➢ HIV / AIDS

29. ➢Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
HPV can cause
cauliflower-like
warts on the skin or
genitals, and
precancerous
cellular changes of
the cervix or anus.

30. ➢Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
•Very contagious virus
•Some people never get symptoms
•HPV is spread through skin to skin
contact, oral, anal and vaginal sex with an
infected partner
•Some types cause genital warts and other
types can cause cancer of the cervix.

31. Is HPV curable?
•There is no cure for
HPV
•There is a vaccine to
prevent HPV available
for students in grade 7
Treatment
•Treatments remove the
warts but does not remove
the virus from the blood
•Most warts will clear over
time

32. ➢Genital Herpes
•Caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
•Spread through skin to skin contact and oral, anal and
vaginal sex
•Some people with herpes never develop sores, but are
still contagious and may spread it to others without
knowing.
•People who have an initial outbreak can have more
outbreaks throughout the rest of their life.

33. Genital Herpes
Remember herpes is not CURABLE. It is
TREATABLE!

34. ➢Hepatitis
• Hepatitis is a virus that
affects your liver
• It can cause permanent
liver disease and cancer
of the liver
• Hepatitis A & B can be
prevented by vaccines

35. How is Hepatitis transmitted?
• Hepatitis A is transmitted through fecal oral route.
• Hep B is transmitted through blood and bodily fluids
{Hepatitis B can be passed from mother to child, or
transmitted via injection drug use, or sexual contact.}
• Hep C is transmitted mostly through blood but also
through bodily fluids.

36. How can someone lower their chances of
getting Hepatitis B and C?
• Get vaccinated against Hepatitis B (available for
students in grade 7)
• Practice safer sex
• Do not share instruments used in body-piercing,
tattooing or hair removal
• Do not share personal items such as toothbrushes,
razors and needles

37. Is Hepatitis curable?
• There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C
Remember hepatitis is not CURABLE!

38. Which is more advanced, HIV or AIDS?

39. ➢Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV) and
Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS)
• HIV is the initial infection
• AIDS is the advanced stage of
the disease
• Over a period of time, the
virus attacks and damages the
body’s immune and

40. • The virus is spread through bodily fluids
• Decrease risk with condom use
•There is no cure for HIV infection
• Once infected, you have HIV for life
How is HIV/AIDS spread?

41. STI Testing
Chlamydia and
Gonorrhea
•Urine test for males and
females
•If symptoms present,
swabs may be done
Trichomoniasis
•Diagnosed by taking a
sample of vaginal
discharge
Genital warts (HPV)
•Diagnosed by visual examination
Herpes
•Usually diagnosed by sight, and by
history
•A swab of the lesion can be taken
to confirm virus
Hepatitis B, C, Syphilis and HIV
•Diagnosed by blood tests

42. Where can someone go for STI testing and
treatment?
• Family Doctor/Nurse Practitioner
• Walk-In Clinic
• Health Unit – STI and Birth Control clinic

43. Sexual health and decision making
❖ Concept of consent
• consent means that permission is given for something
to happen or to be done.
• Parties involved can change their minds (ie. They said
yes and then said no – this means no)
• When someone is unable to provide an answer, there is
no consent given so this means NO!!!
• Statutory rape
• Communication in a relationship

44. What are some reasons to not engage
in sexual activity?
Should I have
sex?

45. ● Are your afraid of STI?
● Are you scared of getting
pregnant or having a girl
pregnant?
● How are you going to
prevent these
possibilities?

46. ❖ What is Contraception?
❖ Can you give an example of a
contraception?

48. METHODS OF
CONTRACEPTION

49. NATURAL
METHODS

50. 1. ABSTINENCE
EXECUTED
BY
MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
BOTH Abstaining from
sexual intercourse
Most effective
way to avoid STDs
Difficult to
comply

51. 2. CALENDAR METHOD
EXECUTED BY MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
S
Female or
BOTH
Refraining from coitus
during the days the
woman is fertile
Effective
especially for
regular cycle
Error in
calculation,
irregular period
Aka: RHYTHM Method
3-4 days before and 3-4 days after
ovulation: safe days

53. 3. BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE (BBT)
EXECUTED BY MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
S
female Determining ovulation
through checking
woman’s temperature
at rest (slight decrease
then an increase)
Inaccurate,
may be
affected by
other conditions
Error in
temperature
taking

54. Woman must take her
temperature early every
morning before any
activity
BBT falls at 0.5F and
rises to full degree,
maintains level through
menstrual cycle.

55. 4. CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD
EXECUTED BY MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
S
female Changes in cervical
mucus: ovulating if
mucus is copious, thin,
watery
accurate Somewhat
invasive and
hassle
Spinnbarkeit: stretched up at least one inch and feels
slippery. Fertile days is as long as the cervical mucus is
copious and watery and a day after it

56. 5. COITUS INTERRUPTUS
EXECUTED
BY
MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
S
both Couple still proceeds
with coitus but the man
withdraws the moment
he emit semen
• immediate
availability
• no devices
• no cost
• no chemical
involvement
Pre-emission
fluid may
contain few
sperm
Oldest method of contraception

57. ARTIFICIAL METHODS

58. 1. CONTRACEPTIVES
• AKA: pill, contains synthetic
estrogen and progesterone
• Estrogen suppresses Follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH) and
Luteinizing hormone (LH) to
suppress ovulation
• Progesterone limits permeability
of the cervical
mucus, limiting sperm’s access to
the ovary.

59. EXECUTED
BY
MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
female Suppresses
ovulation, limit
sperm’s access
to ovary
• Very effective against
pregnancy if used
correctly
• Makes menstrual periods
more regular and lighter
• Decreases menstrual
cramps and acne
• Doesn’t interrupt sexual
activity
• Doesn’t protect against STIs
• Need to remember to take
every day at the same time
• Can’t be used by women
with certain medical
problems certain
medications
• Can occasionally cause side
effects such as nausea,
increased appetite,
headaches, and, very rarely,
blood clots
• need prescription
1. CONTRACEPTIVES

60. To use the pill, it is
recommended that the
woman takes the first pill
on the first Sunday after
the beginning of a
menstrual flow, or the
woman may choose to
start the pill as soon as it
is prescribed.

61. 2. INTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD)
EXECUTED
BY
MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
female Prevents fertilization by
creating a local sterile
inflammatory condition
to prevent
implantation
• long-term
reversible
contraception,
easily fitted and
removed.
• highly effective,
with a 98-99 %
success rate over 5
years
• Menorrhagia
dysmenorrhea
polymenorrhea
• No protection
against STIs
• 1% risk of acquiring
uterine infection
during IUD insertion

62. 2. INTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD)
• IUD is a small, T-shaped object inserted into the uterus
• Fitted only physician, inserted after menstrual flow
• Contains progesterone and is effective 5-7 years

63. 3. MALE CONDOMS
EXECUTED
BY
MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
male Traps the sperm during
emission of semen
Prevents STD,
bought OTC
without any fitting
Ideal fail rate = 2%
*Typical fail rate =
15%
• Sexual pleasure
is reduced
• Latex or synthetic rubber sheath placed on the erect
male repro organ before penetration
• *d/t a break in the sheath’s integrity or spilling

64. EXECUTED
BY
MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
female Prevents entry of
sperm
Disposable
Require no
prescription
• may slip into the vagina
during intercourse.
• May irritate the vagina
or penis
• Some argue that the
feeling/pleasure from
intercourse is reduced or
that it is noisy, which
means more lubrication
is needed.
4. FEMALE CONDOMS

65. 4. FEMALE CONDOMS
• Latex rubber sheaths specially
designed for females and
prelubricated with spermicide
• Has an inner ring that covers
the cervix and an outer open
ring against the opening of
female repro organ

66. 5. SURGICAL METHODS
EXECUTED
BY
MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
S
male Vasectomy – blocks the
passage of sperm
• 99% effective
• Sexual
spontaneity
• Does not affect
pleasure
• No daily attention
• doesn't protect
against STIs
• Reversal is
complicated

67. • Vasectomy – small incision
made on each side of the
scrotum, vas deferens is tied
and cut or plugged
• Patient is advised to use a
back-up contraceptive
method until two negative
sperm counts because the
sperm could remain viable
in the vas deferens for 6
months

68. 5. SURGICAL METHODS
EXECUTED
BY
MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
female Tubal ligation – inhibits
the passage of both the
sperm and the ova
• Very effective
• permanent
• Initial cost is high
• Doesn’t protect
against STIs
• permanent

69. • Tubal ligation – occludes
the fallopian tubes
through cutting,
cauterizing, or blocking
• After menstruation and
before ovulation,
procedure is done
through a small incision
under the woman’s
umbilicus

70. 6. HORMONAL INJECTIONS
EXECUTED
BY
MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
female Injection inhibits
ovulation and causes a
changes in the
endometrium and the
cervical mucus
• 99% effective
• Long-term
• May cause light
or no menstrual
period
• May cause menstrual
irregularities
• side effects such as
weight gain, tiredness
• May need to see
doctor every 3
months

71. Hormonal injection consisting of
medroxyprogesterone, a progesterone, given once
every 12 weeks intramuscularly

72. EXECUTED
BY
MECHANISM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
both Kills sperms before
they can enter the
cervix, lowers the
pH level of the
female repro
organ so it will not
be conducive to
sperm
• Can be
brought
without any
prescription
• Less costly
• Cannot prevent STIs
• Effectiveness usually lasts
only one hour (need to
reapply each time have
sexual intercourse)
• Some women and men
may be allergic to
spermicides
• May interrupt sexual
activity
7. CHEMICAL BARRIERS

73. Spermicide,
vaginal gels
and creams
and glycerine
films

75. A. Practice:
The group will assign two representatives to explain
the following pointers;
1. What is the nature of the assigned method
of contraception?
2. Among the given contraceptives under
each method, which do you think is safer
to prevent STI? To prevent pregnancy?

76. 1. Assessment Task
Formulate a comprehensive 200-250 word essay
by answering the following guide questions:
● As a student, is sexual education important?
Why or why not?
● What is/are the best way to prevent STDs?
(support your answer)
● What are the advantages of understanding
one’s Sexual Self?

77. References