The document discusses the transport sector in Georgia based on Tbilisi's Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) and a proposed Low Emission Development Strategy (LEDS). It notes that Tbilisi's transport energy consumption and emissions increased from 2009 to 2014 despite economic growth. The SEAP outlined measures to increase public transport usage and efficiency. The proposed LEDS would improve vehicle efficiency, increase rail freight and passenger share, and support urban transport measures to reduce emissions 20% by 2030 compared to business as usual projections. Barriers to the LEDS include a lack of unified transport policy and data collection.

1. Transport Sector in Georgia
Overview
Marina Shvangiradze
Sustainable Development Center-Remissia
08/30/17 Tbilisi, Georgia 1

2. Content
• Monitoring of Tbilisi SEAP
• Transport sector in other municipalities
• LEDSfor Georgia’stransportation sector

3. Covenant of Mayors(CoM)
• Tbilisi signed the CoM on 30 March
2010
– First city among non-Annex I Partiesto
theUNFCCC from theEastern Europe
– SustainableEnergy Action Plan was
submitted in March 2011
– Different from EU citiesmethodology
(BAU) wasapplied
– Baselineyear - 2009
• MRV considers2010-2014 period

4. Sectorsconsidered in SEAP
• Transport
• Buildings
• Street lightening
• Greening
• Waste(solid wasteand wastewater treatment)

5. SEAPMRV Parameters
• Implemented measuresby sectors
• Saved energy (different parametersfor different sectors)
• Cost of measure
• Assessment of changesin sectoral policiesand approaches,
sector development trend in 2010-2014
• Reason of not implementing planned measures
• Trendsof general energy consumption related parametersby
sectors

6. Economy Growth asDriver of Energy
Consumption Growth
•GDPof Tbilisi City in 2013 (official statistic) was30.2% high than in 2009. For 2014
it wasassumed that rateof increaseof Tbilisi GDPisthesameasfor wholecountry
comparing with 2013. Final result – in 2014 GDPof Tbilisi was33.5% high against
with.

7. Main Findings
•Energy consumption in 2014 comparing with 2009 increased by 47%. Increasein
energy consumption by thecity ishigher than increaseof GDPfor thesameperiod.
Hence, city development isnot energy efficient.

8. Transportation Sector MRV
• Number of buseshasdecreased by 27% and by 51% - theemissions.
Number of passengerstransported by buseshasincreased by 113%
compared to 2009
• Overall number of mini-buseshaslessened by 38%, and emissionsfrom
them – by 21%. Passenger turnover of shuttlemini-buseshasgrown by
40%
• Rolling-stock of subway in thisperiod remained constant and,
consequently, theenergy consumption did not change. Passenger turnover
increased by 25%.
• Privatepassenger car and taxi subsector thenumber of vehicleshasrisen
by 35% and total emissions– by 29%. Identically, thequantity of private
commercial carshasgrown by 43% and emissionsfrom them – by 39%.
• At thesametimeanew cable-car wasadded, which hastransported more
than amillion passengersin 2014

9. Transportation Sector MRV
• Tbilisi City Hall vehiclefleet, dueto thetransfer to smaller,
moreefficient cars, theemissionshavedecreased by 35%.
• Total emissionsfrom thecity Transport sector increased by
32% compared to 2009, though in comparison with the
baselinescenario hasdecreased by 250 Gg making 12.6% of
baselineemissionsfrom theTransportation sector
• Energy consumption in transportation sector in 2014 increased
by 43% comparing with 2009 baselineyear, buildings52%.

10. Measuresto beImplemented in Tbilisi City
Transportation Sector
• Increaseefficiency (renovation) of City Hall vehicle- implemented
• Popularization of public transport (electronic displayshavebeen mounted
on thebusstations, theinformation on busroutes, stopsand scheduleshas
been integrated in theGooglesystem, thecooperation with mass-mediahas
widened, etc.)-ongoing
• Improvement of public transport service(buslane)- ongoing
• Improvement of management of public transport (optimization of routes) -
ongoing
• Limitation of privatecarsdriving comfort
• Encourage/incentivizelow emission privatecars(hybrids, gas, bicycles)
• Traffic LightsControl Center hasbeen set up- ongoing
• Improvement of road infrastructure(overpasses, tunnelsand roadshave
been constructed, etc.) - ongoing

11. Transport Sector in SEAP Municipalities

12. Strategic Directionsin Transport Sector
Short-term vision:
– Creation of public transport
– Rehabilitation and development of roadsand transport infrastructure
– Development of parking policy
Long –term vision:
– Support to pedestriansand cyclists

13. Measuresfor Transport Sector
• Measure 1. Creation of public transport network and design of bus routes
(2015-2017)
– Purchasing of buses
– Arrangement of busstations
– Conduct public transport popularization campaigns
• Measure 2. Rehabilitation and development of transport and road
infrastructure ( 2015- 2020)
– Rehabilitation of road infrastructure
– Inventory and optimization of road signsand traffic lights
– Conducting study of problematic segments (facilitating traffic jams) of streets
and planning alternateroutes
– Construction of new streetsand bridges

14. Measuresin Transport Sector
• Measure 3. Support to pedestrians and cyclists
– Themunicipality will acceleratethearrangement of footway (pavements) and
pedestrian crossing waysto increasethecomfort and safety for pedestrians
– Travel facilitiesfor disabled peoplewill beimproved
– Somestreetswill beclosed for road transport and will beused only by pedestrians
– Pathwaysfor cyclists
– Implementing different programmesfor behavior changes
•Measure 4. Arrangement of parking system

15. Barriersto Clean Transportation Sector Development in SEAP
• Akhaltsikhe, Batumi, Bolnisi, Gori, Kutaisi, Mtskheta, Telavi,
Telavi Temi, Zugdidi
• Population morethan 100,000 (Batumi, Kutaisi, Rustavi)
• Lack of planning/management capacity
• Lack of statistics
• No national framework policy for transportation sector to be
implemented by municipalities
• No responsiblegovernmental structurefor sector policy
development

16. Transport Sector in Low Emission
Development Strategy (LEDS)

17. Overview of National Transportation System
• Four main sub-sectors— (1) road transport, (2) railway, (3) marine
transport, and (4) aviation, — constitutetransport sector of Georgia.
• In 2014 transport sector employed 45 381 peopleand itsturnover reached
3 916.2 million GEL. Compared to 2000, thisfigurehasincreased by
746.6%, whilethegrowth in employment reached 7.4%.
• In 2014 transport sector consumed 52 PJenergy equivalent — onethird of
country’stotal final consumption
• In 2014: diesel consumption -42.3%, petrol -32.1%, natural gas- 23.5%,
electricity - 1.84%.
• Emissionsfrom fossil fuel consumption is211.3% higher than
corresponding figureof 2000, 98.2% higher than thevalueof 2006, and
35.5% higher than theconsumption of 2010

18. Business As Usual (BAU) Scenario
• Assumptions:
– Annual increaseof GDP- 5.6%,
– Annual increaseof population- 0%,
– Elasticity coefficientsfor different typeof
transport extracted from studies(IEA/SMPModel
Documentation and ReferenceCaseProjection, L.
Fulton, IEA / G. Eads, CRA, 2004)
– Emission by 2030 will beincreased 2 times
according to theBAU scenario
– Emission reduction if measuresareimplemented
planned to be26% against theBAU

19. Transport sector low emission strategy
Vehicle fleet and fuel quality
•15% improvement of transport fleet averageenergy efficiency
compared to 2014
•Introducing obligatory fuel quality standardsaccording to Euro-5
Freight transport
•Increasing railway’ssharein total freight turnover – at least up to
50%
Passengertransport and sustainable urban development
•Railway’ssharein total passenger turnover – at least 9%
•Road public transport share– at least 20%
•Reducing urban transport sector’sGHG emissions(approximately
by 20%) on urban territoriesaccording to targetsdefined in SEAPs

20. Vehicle fleet and fuel quality
Short-term (2017-2025):
•Introducing obligatory testsfor vehiclesroad worthiness;
•Carrying out fiscal policy to discouragetheimport of old cars
and encouragetheimport of low-emission (electric, hybrid) ones;
•Increasing fuel quality standardsgradually and introducing
government control mechanism;
•Analyzing thepotential for biofuel production
commercialization.
Long-term (2026-2030):
•Introducing and enforcing Euro-standardsto control carstoxic
emissions;
•Defining standardsand sustainability criteriafor biofuel.

21. Freight transport
Short-term (2017-2025):
•Developing railway infrastructure;
•Taxing road freight transport for using certain typesor
road infrastructure.
Long-term (2026-2030):
•Assessment of thework doneand revision of
perspectives.

22. Passengertransport and sustainable urban
development
Short-term (2017-2025):
•Developing intercity public transport;
•Improving taxi registration;
•Carrying out/supporting transport sector measuresdefined
in Georgian municipalities’ sustainableenergy development
plans.
Long-term (2026-2030):
•Rehabilitation/development of passenger railway transport
(railway, metro);
•Carrying out/supporting thecontinuation of energy sector
sustainabledevelopment planson Georgian municipalities’
level till 2030.

23. Barriersto transport LEDSimplementation
• Unified vision and policy of Georgia’s transport development,
which would treat all thetransport typesand regionsasacombined
complex isnot yet formulated;
• Nationwide policy formanaging and developing transport sectorin
Georgian cities, or an authority that would defineurban transport
development directions(or, in general, prioritiesfor sustainableurban
development), do not exist;
• Transport sector’s statistical data is not collected regularly, and the
monitoring based on thisdataisnot carried out (government only monitors
selected economic figures);
• Regional public road transport and passengerrailway do not meet
costumers needs with respect to traveling frequency or servicequality,
and amajor shareof passengerstravel by privatecars. Safety and
environment protection standardsarenot monitored and respective
penaltiesarenot clearly defined;

24. Thank You for Participation